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Xiang Z, Ye Q, Zhao Z, Wang N, Li J, Zou M, Lau CH, Zhu H, Wang S, Ding Y. Development of a baculoviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector system for beta-2-microglobulin knockout in human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:74. [PMID: 39085666 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Derivation of hypoimmunogenic human cells from genetically manipulated pluripotent stem cells holds great promise for future transplantation medicine and adoptive immunotherapy. Disruption of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) in pluripotent stem cells followed by differentiation into specialized cell types is a promising approach to derive hypoimmunogenic cells. Given the attractive features of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing tool and baculoviral delivery system, baculovirus can deliver CRISPR/Cas9 components for site-specific gene editing of B2M. Herein, we report the development of a baculoviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector system for the B2M locus disruption in human cells. When tested in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the B2M gene knockdown/out was successfully achieved, leading to the stable down-regulation of human leukocyte antigen class I expression on the cell surface. Fibroblasts derived from the B2M gene-disrupted hESCs were then used as stimulator cells in the co-cultures with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These fibroblasts triggered significantly reduced alloimmune responses as assessed by sensitive Elispot assays. The B2M-negative hESCs maintained the pluripotency and the ability to differentiate into three germ lineages in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrated the feasibility of using the baculoviral-CRISPR/Cas9 system to establish B2M-disrupted pluripotent stem cells. B2M knockdown/out sufficiently leads to hypoimmunogenic conditions, thereby supporting the potential use of B2M-negative cells as universal donor cells for allogeneic cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiying Xiang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Ye
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Second Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Naian Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghai Zou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cia-Hin Lau
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibao Zhu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Park TY, Jeon J, Cha Y, Kim KS. Past, present, and future of cell replacement therapy for parkinson's disease: a novel emphasis on host immune responses. Cell Res 2024; 34:479-492. [PMID: 38777859 PMCID: PMC11217403 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) stands as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, and its prevalence continues to rise with the aging global population. Central to the pathophysiology of PD is the specific degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons (mDANs) in the substantia nigra. Consequently, cell replacement therapy (CRT) has emerged as a promising treatment approach, initially supported by various open-label clinical studies employing fetal ventral mesencephalic (fVM) cells. Despite the initial favorable results, fVM cell therapy has intrinsic and logistical limitations that hinder its transition to a standard treatment for PD. Recent efforts in the field of cell therapy have shifted its focus towards the utilization of human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, to surmount existing challenges. However, regardless of the transplantable cell sources (e.g., xenogeneic, allogeneic, or autologous), the poor and variable survival of implanted dopamine cells remains a major obstacle. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of host immune responses following transplantation in influencing the survival of implanted mDANs, underscoring an important area for further research. In this comprehensive review, building upon insights derived from previous fVM transplantation studies, we delve into the functional ramifications of host immune responses on the survival and efficacy of grafted dopamine cells. Furthermore, we explore potential strategic approaches to modulate the host immune response, ultimately aiming for optimal outcomes in future clinical applications of CRT for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yoon Park
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jeha Jeon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Young Cha
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Frederiksen HR, Glantz A, Vøls KK, Skov S, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude K, Doehn U. CRISPR-Cas9 immune-evasive hESCs are rejected following transplantation into immunocompetent mice. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1403395. [PMID: 38863835 PMCID: PMC11165197 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1403395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although current stem cell therapies exhibit promising potential, the extended process of employing autologous cells and the necessity for donor-host matching to avert the rejection of transplanted cells significantly limit the widespread applicability of these treatments. It would be highly advantageous to generate a pluripotent universal donor stem cell line that is immune-evasive and, therefore, not restricted by the individual's immune system, enabling unlimited application within cell replacement therapies. Before such immune-evasive stem cells can be moved forward to clinical trials, in vivo testing via transplantation experiments in immune-competent animals would be a favorable approach preceding preclinical testing. By using human stem cells in immune competent animals, results will be more translatable to a clinical setting, as no parts of the immune system have been altered, although in a xenogeneic setting. In this way, immune evasiveness, cell survival, and unwanted proliferative effects can be assessed before clinical trials in humans. The current study presents the generation and characterization of three human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) for xenogeneic transplantation in immune-competent mice. The major histocompatibility complexes I- and II-encoding genes, B2M and CIITA, have been deleted from the hESCs using CRISPR-Cas9-targeted gene replacement strategies and knockout. B2M was knocked out by the insertion of murine CD47. Human-secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (hSEAP) was inserted in a safe harbor site to track cells in vivo. The edited hESCs maintained their pluripotency, karyotypic normality, and stable expression of murine CD47 and hSEAP in vitro. In vivo transplantation of hESCs into immune-competent BALB/c mice was successfully monitored by measuring hSEAP in blood samples. Nevertheless, transplantation of immune-evasive hESCs resulted in complete rejection within 11 days, with clear immune infiltration of T-cells on day 8. Our results reveal that knockout of B2M and CIITA together with species-specific expression of CD47 are insufficient to prevent rejection in an immune-competent and xenogeneic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Cell Therapy Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
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Seo J, Saha S, Brown ME. The past, present, and future promise of pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22-23:100077. [PMID: 38706532 PMCID: PMC11065261 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2024.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew E. Brown
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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Soma Y, Tani H, Morita-Umei Y, Kishino Y, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. Pluripotent stem cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy for heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:90-100. [PMID: 38331557 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative therapy using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is expected to become an alternative to heart transplantation for severe heart failure. It is now possible to produce large numbers of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and eliminate non-cardiomyocytes, including residual undifferentiated hPSCs, which can cause teratoma formation after transplantation. There are two main strategies for transplanting hPSC-CMs: injection of hPSC-CMs into the myocardium from the epicardial side, and implantation of hPSC-CM patches or engineered heart tissues onto the epicardium. Transplantation of hPSC-CMs into the myocardium of large animals in a myocardial infarction model improved cardiac function. The engrafted hPSC-CMs matured, and microvessels derived from the host entered the graft abundantly. Furthermore, as less invasive methods using catheters, injection into the coronary artery and injection into the myocardium from the endocardium side have recently been investigated. Since transplantation of hPSC-CMs alone has a low engraftment rate, various methods such as transplantation with the extracellular matrix or non-cardiomyocytes and aggregation of hPSC-CMs have been developed. Post-transplant arrhythmias, imaging of engrafted hPSC-CMs, and immune rejection are the remaining major issues, and research is being conducted to address them. The clinical application of cardiac regenerative therapy using hPSC-CMs has just begun and is expected to spread widely if its safety and efficacy are proven in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Joint Research Laboratory for Medical Innovation in Heart Disease, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita-Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Netsrithong R, Garcia-Perez L, Themeli M. Engineered T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: from research towards clinical implementation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325209. [PMID: 38283344 PMCID: PMC10811463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T (iT) cells represent a groundbreaking frontier in adoptive cell therapies with engineered T cells, poised to overcome pivotal limitations associated with conventional manufacturing methods. iPSCs offer an off-the-shelf source of therapeutic T cells with the potential for infinite expansion and straightforward genetic manipulation to ensure hypo-immunogenicity and introduce specific therapeutic functions, such as antigen specificity through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Importantly, genetic engineering of iPSC offers the benefit of generating fully modified clonal lines that are amenable to rigorous safety assessments. Critical to harnessing the potential of iT cells is the development of a robust and clinically compatible production process. Current protocols for genetic engineering as well as differentiation protocols designed to mirror human hematopoiesis and T cell development, vary in efficiency and often contain non-compliant components, thereby rendering them unsuitable for clinical implementation. This comprehensive review centers on the remarkable progress made over the last decade in generating functional engineered T cells from iPSCs. Emphasis is placed on alignment with good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, scalability, safety measures and quality controls, which constitute the fundamental prerequisites for clinical application. In conclusion, the focus on iPSC as a source promises standardized, scalable, clinically relevant, and potentially safer production of engineered T cells. This groundbreaking approach holds the potential to extend hope to a broader spectrum of patients and diseases, leading in a new era in adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapong Netsrithong
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Patel SH, Lamba DA. Factors Affecting Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Approaches in Retinal Degeneration. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:155-175. [PMID: 37713278 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-120222-012817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Inherited and age-associated vision loss is often associated with degeneration of the cells of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. The mammalian retina, being a postmitotic neural tissue, does not have the capacity to repair itself through endogenous regeneration. There has been considerable excitement for the development of cell replacement approaches since the isolation and development of culture methods for human pluripotent stem cells, as well as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. This has now been combined with novel three-dimensional organoid culture systems that closely mimic human retinal development in vitro. In this review, we cover the current state of the field, with emphasis on the cell delivery challenges, role of the recipient immunological microenvironment, and challenges related to connectivity between transplanted cells and host circuitry both locally and centrally to the different areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Cassano A, Chong AS, Alegre ML. Tregs in transplantation tolerance: role and therapeutic potential. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1217065. [PMID: 38993904 PMCID: PMC11235334 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1217065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are indispensable for preventing autoimmunity, and they play a role in cancer and transplantation settings by restraining immune responses. In this review, we describe evidence for the importance of Tregs in the induction versus maintenance of transplantation tolerance, discussing insights into mechanisms of Treg control of the alloimmune response. Further, we address the therapeutic potential of Tregs as a clinical intervention after transplantation, highlighting engineered CAR-Tregs as well as expansion of donor and host Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cassano
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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Bogomiakova ME, Sekretova EK, Anufrieva KS, Khabarova PO, Kazakova AN, Bobrovsky PA, Grigoryeva TV, Eremeev AV, Lebedeva OS, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA. iPSC-derived cells lack immune tolerance to autologous NK-cells due to imbalance in ligands for activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 37038186 PMCID: PMC10088155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dozens of transplants generated from pluripotent stem cells are currently in clinical trials. The creation of patient-specific iPSCs makes personalized therapy possible due to their main advantage of immunotolerance. However, some reports have claimed recently that aberrant gene expression followed by proteome alterations and neoantigen formation can result in iPSCs recognition by autologous T-cells. Meanwhile, the possibility of NK-cell activation has not been previously considered. This study focused on the comparison of autologous and allogeneic immune response to iPSC-derived cells and isogeneic parental somatic cells used for reprogramming. METHODS We established an isogeneic cell model consisting of parental dermal fibroblasts, fibroblast-like iPSC-derivatives (iPS-fibro) and iPS-fibro lacking beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). Using the cells obtained from two patients, we analyzed the activation of autologous and allogeneic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells co-cultured with target cells. RESULTS Here we report that cells differentiated from iPSCs can be recognized by NK-cells rather than by autologous T-cells. We observed that iPS-fibro elicited a high level of NK-cell degranulation and cytotoxicity, while isogeneic parental skin fibroblasts used to obtain iPSCs barely triggered an NK-cell response. iPSC-derivatives with B2M knockout did not cause an additional increase in NK-cell activation, although they were devoid of HLA-I, the major inhibitory molecules for NK-cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant imbalance of ligands for activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors in iPS-fibro. Compared to parental fibroblasts, iPSC-derivatives had a reduced expression of HLA-I simultaneously with an increased gene expression of major activating ligands, such as MICA, NECTIN2, and PVR. The lack of inhibitory signals might be due to insufficient maturity of cells differentiated from iPSCs. In addition, we showed that pretreatment of iPS-fibro with proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ restored the ligand imbalance, thereby reducing the degranulation and cytotoxicity of NK-cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we showed that iPSC-derived cells can be sensitive to the cytotoxic potential of autologous NK-cells regardless of HLA-I status. Thus, the balance of ligands for NK-cell receptors should be considered prior to iPSC-based cell therapies. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Bogomiakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
| | - Elizaveta K Sekretova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ksenia S Anufrieva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Polina O Khabarova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Anastasia N Kazakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Pavel A Bobrovsky
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | | | - Artem V Eremeev
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Olga S Lebedeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Fang Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Xiong J, Liu L. Hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells are valid cell sources for cell therapeutics with normal self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36691086 PMCID: PMC9872349 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are expected to serve as an unlimited cell source for generating universally compatible "off-the-shelf" cell grafts. However, whether the engineered hypoimmunogenic hPSCs still preserve their advantages of unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation to yield functional tissue cells remains unclear. Here, we systematically studied the self-renewal and differentiation potency of three types of hypoimmunogenic hPSCs, established through the biallelic lesion of B2M gene to remove all surface expression of classical and nonclassical HLA class I molecules (B2Mnull), biallelic homologous recombination of nonclassical HLA-G1 to the B2M loci to knockout B2M while expressing membrane-bound β2m-HLA-G1 fusion proteins (B2MmHLAG), and ectopic expression of soluble and secreted β2m-HLA-G5 fusion proteins in B2MmHLAG hPSCs (B2Mm/sHLAG) in the most widely used WA09 human embryonic stem cells. Our results showed that hypoimmunogenic hPSCs with variable expression patterns of HLA molecules and immune compromising spectrums retained their normal self-renewal capacity and three-germ-layer differentiation potency. More importantly, as exemplified by neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, hypoimmunogenic hPSC-derived tissue cells were fully functional as of their morphology, electrophysiological properties, macromolecule transportation and metabolic regulation. Our findings thus indicate that engineered hypoimmunogenic hPSCs hold great promise of serving as an unlimited universal cell source for cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Meissner TB, Schulze HS, Dale SM. Immune Editing: Overcoming Immune Barriers in Stem Cell Transplantation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:206-218. [PMID: 36406259 PMCID: PMC9643905 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of inborn and degenerative diseases, including aging and autoimmunity. A major barrier to their wider adoption in cell therapies is immune rejection. Genome editing allows for tinkering of the human genome in stem and progenitor cells and raises the prospect for overcoming the immune barriers to transplantation. Recent Findings Initial attempts have focused primarily on the major histocompatibility barrier that is formed by the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1, CD47, or HLA-G, are being explored both, in the presence or absence of HLA, to mitigate immune rejection by the various cellular components of the immune system. Summary In this review, we discuss progress in surmounting immune barriers to cell transplantation, with a particular focus on genetic engineering of human pluripotent stem and progenitor cells and the therapeutic cell types derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten B. Meissner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Henrike S. Schulze
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stanley M. Dale
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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12
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An JH, Koh H, Ahn Y, Kim J, Han AR, Lee JY, Kim SU, Lee JH. Maintenance of Hypoimmunogenic Features via Regulation of Endogenous Antigen Processing and Presentation Machinery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:936584. [PMID: 36032723 PMCID: PMC9416868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.936584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Universally acceptable donor cells have been developed to address the unmet need for immunotypically matched materials for regenerative medicine. Since forced expression of hypoimmunogenic genes represses the immune response, we established universal pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by replacing endogenous β2-microglobulin (β2m) with β2m directly conjugated to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, thereby simultaneously suppressing HLA-I expression and the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immune response. These modified human PSCs retained their pluripotency and differentiation capacity; however, surface presentation of HLA-G was absent from subsequently differentiated cells, particularly cells of neural lineages, due to the downregulation of antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) genes. Induction of APM genes by overexpression of NLR-family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) or activator subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) heterodimer (RelA) recovered the surface expression of HLA-G and the hypoimmunogenicity of neural cells. Our findings enhance the utility of hypoimmunogenic cells as universal donors and will contribute to the development of off-the-shelf stem-cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyun An
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyebin Koh
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yujin Ahn
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, South Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hee Lee,
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13
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Song C, Wang L, Li Q, Liao B, Qiao W, Li Q, Dong N, Li L. Generation of individualized immunocompatible endothelial cells from HLA-I-matched human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35109922 PMCID: PMC8812039 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) are a valuable cell resource for cardiovascular regeneration. To avoid time-consuming preparation from primary autologous cells, the allogeneic iPSC-ECs are being expected to become "off-the-shelf" cell products. However, allorejection caused by HLA mismatching is a major barrier for this strategy. Although the "hypoimmunogenic" iPSCs could be simply generated by inhibition of HLA-I expression via β-2 microglobulin knockout (B2M KO), the deletion of HLA-I expression will activate natural killer (NK) cells, which kill the HLA-I negative cells. To inhibit NK activation, we proposed to generate HLA-matched iPSCs based on patient's HLA genotyping by HLA exchanging approach to express the required HLA allele. METHODS To establish a prototype of HLA exchanging system, the expression of HLA-I molecules of iPSCs was inhibited by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated B2M KO, and then HLA-A*11:01 allele, as a model molecule, was introduced into B2M KO iPSCs by lentiviral gene transfer. HLA-I-modified iPSCs were tested for their pluripotency and ability to differentiate into ECs. The stimulation of iPSC-EC to allogeneic T and NK cells was detected by respective co-culture of PBMC-EC and NK-EC. Finally, the iPSC-ECs were used as the seeding cells to re-endothelialize the decellularized valves. RESULTS We generated the iPSCs only expressed one HLA-A allele (HLA-A *11:01) by B2M KO plus HLA gene transfer. These HLA-I-modified iPSCs maintained pluripotency and furthermore were successfully differentiated into functional ECs assessed by tube formation assay. Single HLA-A*11:01-matched iPSC-ECs significantly less induced the allogeneic response of CD8+ T cell and NK cells expressing matched HLA-A*11:01 and other HLA-A,-B and -C alleles. These cells were successfully used to re-endothelialize the decellularized valves. CONCLUSIONS In summary, a simple HLA-I exchanging system has been created by efficient HLA engineering of iPSCs to evade both of the alloresponse of CD8+ T cells and the activation of NK cells. This technology has been applied to generate iPSC-ECs for the engineering of cellular heart valves. Our strategy should be extremely useful if the "off-the-shelf" and "non-immunogenic" allogeneic iPSCs were created for the common HLA alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Song
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Guangzhou Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GFBH), Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd (FHIR), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Liao
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Guangzhou Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GFBH), Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd (FHIR), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liangping Li
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, and Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Soma Y, Morita Y, Kishino Y, Kanazawa H, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. The Present State and Future Perspectives of Cardiac Regenerative Therapy Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:774389. [PMID: 34957258 PMCID: PMC8692665 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.774389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with heart failure (HF) is increasing with aging in our society worldwide. Patients with HF who are resistant to medication and device therapy are candidates for heart transplantation (HT). However, the shortage of donor hearts is a serious issue. As an alternative to HT, cardiac regenerative therapy using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, is expected to be realized. Differentiation of hPSCs into cardiomyocytes (CMs) is facilitated by mimicking normal heart development. To prevent tumorigenesis after transplantation, it is important to eliminate non-CMs, including residual hPSCs, and select only CMs. Among many CM selection systems, metabolic selection based on the differences in metabolism between CMs and non-CMs is favorable in terms of cost and efficacy. Large-scale culture systems have been developed because a large number of hPSC-derived CMs (hPSC-CMs) are required for transplantation in clinical settings. In large animal models, hPSC-CMs transplanted into the myocardium improved cardiac function in a myocardial infarction model. Although post-transplantation arrhythmia and immune rejection remain problems, their mechanisms and solutions are under investigation. In this manner, the problems of cardiac regenerative therapy are being solved individually. Thus, cardiac regenerative therapy with hPSC-CMs is expected to become a safe and effective treatment for HF in the near future. In this review, we describe previous studies related to hPSC-CMs and discuss the future perspectives of cardiac regenerative therapy using hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Okutani Y, Abe K, Yamashita A, Morioka M, Matsuda S, Tsumaki N. Generation of Monkey Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cartilage Lacking Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules on the Cell Surface. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:94-106. [PMID: 34182799 PMCID: PMC8792499 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the poor capacity for articular cartilage to regenerate, its damage tends to result in progressively degenerating conditions such as osteoarthritis. To repair the damage, the transplantation of allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cartilage is being considered. However, although allogeneic cartilage transplantation is effective, immunological reactions can occur. One hypothetical solution is to delete the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to reduce the immunological reactions. For this purpose, we deleted the β2 microglobulin (B2M) gene in a cynomolgus monkey (crab-eating monkey [Macaca fascicularis]) iPS cells (cyiPSCs) to obtain B2M-/- cyiPSCs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Western blot analysis confirmed B2M-/- cyiPSCs lacked B2M protein, which is necessary for MHC class I molecules to be transported to and expressed on the cell surface by forming multimers with B2M. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no B2M-/- cyiPSCs expressed MHC class I molecules on their surface. The transplantation of B2M-/- cyiPSCs in immunodeficient mice resulted in teratoma that contained cartilage, indicating that the lack of MHC class I molecules on the cell surface affects neither the pluripotency nor the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of cyiPSCs. By modifying the chondrogenic differentiation protocol for human iPSCs, we succeeded at differentiating B2M+/+ and B2M-/- cyiPSCs toward chondrocytes followed by cartilage formation in vitro, as indicated by histological analysis showing that B2M+/+ and B2M-/- cyiPSC-derived cartilage were positively stained with safranin O and expressed type II collagen. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that MHC class I molecules were not expressed on the cell surface of B2M-/- chondrocytes isolated from B2M-/- cyiPSC-derived cartilage. An in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay showed that neither B2M+/+ nor B2M-/- cyiPSC-derived cartilage cells stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. On the contrary, osteochondral defects in monkey knee joints that received allogeneic transplantations of cyiPSC-derived cartilage showed an accumulation of leukocytes with more natural killer cells around B2M-/- cyiPSC-derived cartilage than B2M+/+ cartilage, suggesting complex mechanisms in the immune reaction of allogeneic cartilage transplanted in osteochondral defects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okutani
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Abe
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamashita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miho Morioka
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Address correspondence to: Noriyuki Tsumaki, MD, PhD, Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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16
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Zha S, Tay JCK, Zhu S, Li Z, Du Z, Wang S. Generation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Low Immunogenicity from Human PBMC-Derived β2 Microglobulin Knockout Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720965529. [PMID: 33172291 PMCID: PMC7784598 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720965529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are viewed as immune-privileged cells and have been broadly applied in allogeneic adoptive cell transfer for regenerative medicine or immune-suppressing purpose. However, the surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on MSCs could still possibly induce the rejection of allogeneic MSCs from the recipients. Here, we disrupted the β2 microglobulin (B2M) gene in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with two clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated Cas9 endonuclease-based methods. The B2M knockout iPSCs did not express HLA class I molecules but maintained their pluripotency and genome stability. Subsequently, MSCs were derived from the HLA-negative iPSCs (iMSCs). We demonstrated that B2M knockout did not affect iMSC phenotype, multipotency, and immune suppressive characteristics and, most importantly, reduced iMSC immunogenicity to allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thus, B2M knockout iPSCs could serve as unlimited off-the-shelf cell resources in adoptive cell transfer, while the derived iMSCs hold great potential as universal grafts in allogeneic MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zha
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan Chin-Kang Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumin Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Flahou C, Morishima T, Takizawa H, Sugimoto N. Fit-For-All iPSC-Derived Cell Therapies and Their Evaluation in Humanized Mice With NK Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662360. [PMID: 33897711 PMCID: PMC8059435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be limitlessly expanded and differentiated into almost all cell types. Moreover, they are amenable to gene manipulation and, because they are established from somatic cells, can be established from essentially any person. Based on these characteristics, iPSCs have been extensively studied as cell sources for tissue grafts, blood transfusions and cancer immunotherapies, and related clinical trials have started. From an immune-matching perspective, autologous iPSCs are perfectly compatible in principle, but also require a prolonged time for reaching the final products, have high cost, and person-to-person variation hindering their common use. Therefore, certified iPSCs with reduced immunogenicity are expected to become off-the-shelf sources, such as those made from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous individuals or genetically modified for HLA depletion. Preclinical tests using immunodeficient mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HIS) serve as an important tool to assess the human alloresponse against iPSC-derived cells. Especially, HIS mice reconstituted with not only human T cells but also human natural killer (NK) cells are considered crucial. NK cells attack so-called “missing self” cells that do not express self HLA class I, which include HLA-homozygous cells that express only one allele type and HLA-depleted cells. However, conventional HIS mice lack enough reconstituted human NK cells for these tests. Several measures have been developed to overcome this issue including the administration of cytokines that enhance NK cell expansion, such as IL-2 and IL-15, the administration of vectors that express those cytokines, and genetic manipulation to express the cytokines or to enhance the reconstitution of human myeloid cells that express IL15R-alpha. Using such HIS mice with enhanced human NK cell reconstitution, alloresponses against HLA-homozygous and HLA-depleted cells have been studied. However, most studies used HLA-downregulated tumor cells as the target cells and tested in vitro after purifying human cells from HIS mice. In this review, we give an overview of the current state of iPSCs in cell therapies, strategies to lessen their immunogenic potential, and then expound on the development of HIS mice with reconstituted NK cells, followed by their utilization in evaluating future universal HLA-engineered iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Flahou
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Frederiksen HR, Doehn U, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude KK. Non-immunogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Promising Way Forward for Allogenic Transplantations for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:623717. [PMID: 34713244 PMCID: PMC8525385 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.623717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorder is a general term used for diseases affecting the function of the brain and nervous system. Those include a broad range of diseases from developmental disorders (e.g., Autism) over injury related disorders (e.g., stroke and brain tumors) to age related neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), affecting up to 1 billion people worldwide. For most of those disorders, no curative treatment exists leaving symptomatic treatment as the primary mean of alleviation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in combination with animal models have been instrumental to foster our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms in the brain. Of specific interest are patient derived hiPSC which allow for targeted gene editing in the cases of known mutations. Such personalized treatment would include (1) acquisition of primary cells from the patient, (2) reprogramming of those into hiPSC via non-integrative methods, (3) corrective intervention via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of mutations, (4) quality control to ensure successful correction and absence of off-target effects, and (5) subsequent transplantation of hiPSC or pre-differentiated precursor cells for cell replacement therapies. This would be the ideal scenario but it is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it would be of great benefit if transplanted hiPSC could be modulated to become invisible to the recipient's immune system, avoiding graft rejection and allowing for allogenic transplantations. This review will focus on the current status of gene editing to generate non-immunogenic hiPSC and how these cells can be used to treat neurological disorders by using cell replacement therapy. By providing an overview of current limitations and challenges in stem cell replacement therapies and the treatment of neurological disorders, this review outlines how gene editing and non-immunogenic hiPSC can contribute and pave the road for new therapeutic advances. Finally, the combination of using non-immunogenic hiPSC and in vivo animal modeling will highlight the importance of models with translational value for safety efficacy testing; before embarking on human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Kristine K. Freude
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Kim A, Lee KG, Kwon Y, Lee KI, Yang HM, Habib O, Kim J, Kim ST, Kim SJ, Kim JS, Hwang DY. Off-the-Shelf, Immune-Compatible Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generated Via CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1053-1067. [PMID: 33423156 PMCID: PMC8166669 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold promise in regenerative medicine but allogeneic immune rejections caused by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) remain a barrier to their clinical applications. Here, we used a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HLA-editing strategy to generate a variety of HLA homozygous-like hESC lines from pre-established hESC lines. We edited four pre-established HLA-heterozygous hESC lines and created a mini library of 14 HLA-edited hESC lines in which single HLA-A and HLA-B alleles and both HLA-DR alleles are disrupted. The HLA-edited hESC derivatives elicited both low T cell- and low NK cell-mediated immune responses. Our library would cover about 40% of the Asian-Pacific population. We estimate that HLA-editing of only 19 pre-established hESC lines would give rise to 46 different hESC lines to cover 90% of the Asian-Pacific population. This study offers an opportunity to generate an off-the-shelf HLA-compatible hESC bank, available for immune-compatible cell transplantation, without embryo destruction. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Gu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yeongbeen Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology(SAIHST), Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-In Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,ToolGen, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Mo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,GenNbio Inc., Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Omer Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Tae Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,GenNbio Inc., Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
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20
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Kong M, Zhou D. Establishment of universal human embryonic stem cell lines. Immunol Lett 2020; 230:59-62. [PMID: 33309828 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential application of human embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine using cell, tissue or organ transplantation has aroused great interest. However, HLA incompatibility between donor cells or tissues and the recipient is a primary obstacle to the use of unmatched human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives as donor 'grafts' for patient treatment without some form of immunosuppressive therapy. This is because, for most tissues, which express HLA Class I antigens, the recipient patient's immune system will recognize the difference between their and the donor's HLA types, leading to graft rejection in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. One approach to overcoming this obstacle and enabling the use of a single or limited range of suitably selected human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives without needing extensive HLA matching is to use gene-editing technology to establish a universally or widely HLA compatible human embryonic stem cell line, thereby providing a potentially unlimited source of cells for future cell, tissue or organ transplantation. This article reviews current strategies and methods for establishing such universal or near universally HLA compatible human embryonic stem cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingYue Kong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
| | - Di Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China; Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
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21
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Maeda T, Nagano S, Kashima S, Terada K, Agata Y, Ichise H, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Fujiki F, Sugiyama H, Kitawaki T, Kadowaki N, Takaori-Kondo A, Masuda K, Kawamoto H. Regeneration of Tumor-Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from iPSCs Transduced with Exogenous TCR Genes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:250-260. [PMID: 33102617 PMCID: PMC7566080 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the current adoptive T cell therapy, T cells from a patient are given back to that patient after ex vivo activation, expansion, or genetic manipulation. However, such strategy depends on the quality of the patient’s T cells, sometimes leading to treatment failure. It would therefore be ideal to use allogeneic T cells as “off-the-shelf” T cells. To this aim, we have been developing a strategy where potent tumor-antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are regenerated from T-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (T-iPSCs). However, certain issues still remain that make it difficult to establish highly potent T-iPSCs: poor reprogramming efficiency of T cells into iPSCs and high variability in the differentiation capability of each T-iPSC clone. To expand the versatility of this approach, we thought of a method to produce iPSCs equivalent to T-iPSCs, namely, iPSCs transduced with exogenous T cell receptor (TCR) genes (TCR-iPSCs). To test this idea, we first cloned TCR genes from WT1-specific CTLs regenerated from T-iPSCs and then established WT1-TCR-iPSCs. We show that the regenerated CTLs from TCR-iPSCs exerted cytotoxic activity comparable to those from T-iPSCs against WT1 peptide-loaded cell line in in vitro model. These results collectively demonstrate the feasibility of the TCR-iPSC strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Seiji Nagano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Soki Kashima
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Terada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Agata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichise
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitawaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masuda
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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22
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Shi L, Li W, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hui Y, Hao P, Xu X, Zhang S, Feng H, Zhang B, Zhou S, Li N, Xiao L, Liu L, Ma L, Zhang X. Generation of hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells via expression of membrane-bound and secreted β2m-HLA-G fusion proteins. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1423-1437. [PMID: 32930470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic immune rejection is a major barrier for the application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine. A broad spectrum of immune cells, including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and antigen-presenting cells, which either cause direct cell killing or constitute an immunogenic environment, are involved in allograft immune rejection. A strategy to protect donor cells from cytotoxicity while decreasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines of lymphocytes is still lacking. Here, we engineered hPSCs with no surface expression of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I proteins via beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) knockout or biallelic knockin of HLA-G1 within the frame of endogenous B2M loci. Elimination of the surface expression of HLA class I proteins protected the engineered hPSCs from cytotoxicity mediated by T cells. However, this lack of surface expression also resulted in missing-self response and NK cell activation, which were largely compromised by expression of β2m-HLA-G1 fusion proteins. We also proved that the engineered β2m-HLA-G5 fusion proteins were soluble, secretable, and capable of safeguarding low immunogenic environments by lowering inflammatory cytokines secretion in allografts. Our current study reveals a novel strategy that may offer unique advantages to construct hypoimmunogenic hPSCs via the expression of membrane-bound and secreted β2m-HLA-G fusion proteins. These engineered hPSCs are expected to serve as an unlimited cell source for generating universally compatible "off-the-shelf" cell grafts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hui
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Hao
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai SiDanSai Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhou Z, Ma X, Zhu S. Recent advances and potential applications of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:708-715. [PMID: 32445468 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels resulted from deficiency and/or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Generation of large amounts of functional pancreatic β cells is critical for the study of pancreatic biology and treatment of diabetes. Recent advances in directed differentiation of pancreatic β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide patient-specific and disease-relevant target cells. With the improved differentiation protocols, it is now possible to generate large amounts of functional human pancreatic β-like cells that can response to high level of glucose both in vitro and in vivo. Combined with precise genomic editing, biomedical engineering, high throughput profiling, bioinformatics, and high throughput genetic and chemical screening, these hPSC-derived pancreatic β-like cells will hold great potentials in disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell-based therapies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in human pancreatic β-like cells derived from hPSCs and discuss their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Saiyong Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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24
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New insights into human beta cell biology using human pluripotent stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Otsuka R, Wada H, Murata T, Seino KI. Immune reaction and regulation in transplantation based on pluripotent stem cell technology. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:12. [PMID: 32636970 PMCID: PMC7329400 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based technologies provides us a new therapeutic approach that generates grafts for transplantation. In order to minimize the risk of immune reaction, the banking of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from donors with homozygous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype is planned in Japan. Even though pre-stocked and safety validated HLA-homozygous iPSCs are selected, immunological rejection may potentially occur because the causes of rejection are not always due to HLA mismatches. A couple of studies concerning such immunological issues have reported that genetic ablation of HLA molecules from PSC combined with gene transduction of several immunoregulatory molecules may be effective in avoiding immunological rejection. Also, our research group has recently proposed a concept that attempts to regulate recipient immune system by PSC-derived immunoregulatory cells, which results in prolonged survival of the same PSC-derived allografts. PSC-based technologies enable us to choose a new therapeutic option; however, considering its safety from an immunological point of view should be of great importance for safe clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Otsuka
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815 Japan
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26
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Generation and characterization of HLA-universal platelets derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8472. [PMID: 32439978 PMCID: PMC7242456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet demand has increased around the world. However, the inadequacy of donors, the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections and associated reactions, and the refractory nature of platelet transfusions are among the limitations of allogeneic platelet transfusions. To alleviate these problems, we propose generating platelets in a laboratory that do not induce alloimmunity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, which is a major cause of immune reaction in platelet transfusion refractoriness. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a healthy Thai woman. We then knocked out the β2-microglobulin (β2m) gene in the cells using paired CRISPR/Cas9 nickases and sequentially differentiated the cells into haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets. Silencing of HLA class I expression was observed on the cell surface of β2m-knockout iPSCs, iPSC-derived HSCs, MKs and platelets. The HLA-universal iPSC-derived platelets were shown to be activated, and they aggregated after stimulation. In addition, our in vivo platelet survival experiments demonstrated that human platelets were detectable at 2 and 24 hours after injecting the β2m-KO MKs. In summary, we successfully generated functional iPSC-derived platelets in vitro without HLA class I expression by knocking out the β2m gene using paired CRISPR/Cas9 nickases.
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27
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Shao L, Zhang Y, Pan X, Liu B, Liang C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yan B, Xie W, Sun Y, Shen Z, Yu XY, Li Y. Knockout of beta-2 microglobulin enhances cardiac repair by modulating exosome imprinting and inhibiting stem cell-induced immune rejection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:937-952. [PMID: 31312880 PMCID: PMC11104803 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Allogeneic human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (alloUMSC) are convenient cell source for stem cell-based therapy. However, immune rejection is a major obstacle for clinical application of alloUMSC for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The immune rejection is due to the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule which is increased during MI. The aim of this study was to knockout HLA light chain β2-microglobulin (B2M) in UMSC to enhance stem cell engraftment and survival after transplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed an innovative strategy using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate UMSC with B2M deletion (B2M-UMSC). AlloUMSC injection induced CD8+ T cell-mediated immune rejection in immune competent rats, whereas no CD8+ T cell-mediated killing against B2M-UMSC was observed even when the cells were treated with IFN-γ. Moreover, we demonstrate that UMSC-derived exosomes can inhibit cardiac fibrosis and restore cardiac function, and exosomes derived from B2M-UMSC are more efficient than those derived from UMSC, indicating that the beneficial effect of exosomes can be enhanced by modulating exosome's imprinting. Mechanistically, microRNA sequencing identifies miR-24 as a major component of the exosomes from B2M-UMSCs. Bioinformatics analysis identifies Bim as a putative target of miR-24. Loss-of-function studies at the cellular level and gain-of-function approaches in exosomes show that the beneficial effects of B2M-UMSCs are mediated by the exosome/miR-24/Bim pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that modulation of exosome's imprinting via B2M knockout is an efficient strategy to prevent the immune rejection of alloUMSCs. This study paved the way to the development of new strategies for tissue repair and regeneration without the need for HLA matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Shao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, 650302, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Trounson A, Boyd NR, Boyd RL. Toward a Universal Solution: Editing Compatibility into Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:508-510. [PMID: 30951658 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Xu et al. (2019) demonstrate that editing iPSCs' major histocompatibility antigens may potentially provide a small set of universally compatible stem cell lines for therapies. However, these modifications may result in patient minor histocompatibility responses and deficiencies in their T cell response repertoire to infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Trounson
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cartherics Pty. Ltd., Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicholas R Boyd
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cartherics Pty. Ltd., Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cartherics Pty. Ltd., Clayton, VIC, Australia
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29
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shao L, Pan X, Liang C, Liu B, Zhang Y, Xie W, Yan B, Liu F, Yu XY, Li Y. Knockout of beta-2 microglobulin reduces stem cell-induced immune rejection and enhances ischaemic hindlimb repair via exosome/miR-24/Bim pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:695-710. [PMID: 31729180 PMCID: PMC6933348 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating universal human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) without immune rejection is desirable for clinical application. Here we developed an innovative strategy using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate B2M‐UMSCs in which human leucocyte antigen (HLA) light chain β2‐microglobulin (B2M) was deleted. The therapeutic potential of B2M‐UMSCs was examined in a mouse ischaemic hindlimb model. We show that B2M‐UMSCs facilitated perfusion recovery and enhanced running capability, without inducing immune rejection. The beneficial effect was mediated by exosomes. Mechanistically, microRNA (miR) sequencing identified miR‐24 as a major component of the exosomes originating from B2M‐UMSCs. We identified Bim as a potential target of miR‐24 through bioinformatics analysis, which was further confirmed by loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function approaches. Taken together, our data revealed that knockout of B2M is a convenient and efficient strategy to prevent UMSCs‐induced immune rejection, and it provides a universal clinical‐scale cell source for tissue repair and regeneration without the need for HLA matching in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxin Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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30
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Mattapally S, Pawlik KM, Fast VG, Zumaquero E, Lund FE, Randall TD, Townes TM, Zhang J. Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and II Knockout Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells: Universal Donor for Cell Therapy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010239. [PMID: 30488760 PMCID: PMC6405542 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background We aim to generate a line of “universal donor” human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that are nonimmunogenic and, therefore, can be used to derive cell products suitable for allogeneic transplantation. Methods and Results hiPSCs carrying knockout mutations for 2 key components (β2 microglobulin and class II major histocompatibility class transactivator) of major histocompatibility complexes I and II (ie, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] I/II knockout hiPSCs) were generated using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene‐editing system and differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Pluripotency‐gene expression and telomerase activity in wild‐type (WT) and HLAI/II knockout hiPSCs, cardiomyocyte marker expression in WT and HLAI/II knockout hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes, and assessments of electrophysiological properties (eg, conduction velocity, action‐potential and calcium transient half‐decay times, and calcium transient increase times) in spheroid‐fusions composed of WT and HLAI/II knockout cardiomyocytes, were similar. However, the rates of T‐cell activation before (≈21%) and after (≈24%) exposure to HLAI/II knockout hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes were nearly indistinguishable and dramatically lower than after exposure to WT hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (≈75%), and when WT and HLAI/II knockout hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocyte spheroids were cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the WT hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocyte spheroids were smaller and displayed contractile irregularities. Finally, expression of HLA‐E and HLA‐F was inhibited in HLAI/II knockout cardiomyocyte spheroids after coculture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although HLA‐G was not inhibited; these results are consistent with the essential role of class II major histocompatibility class transactivator in transcriptional activation of the HLA‐E and HLA‐F genes, but not the HLA‐G gene. Expression of HLA‐G is known to inhibit natural killer cell recognition and killing of cells that lack other HLAs. Conclusions HLAI/II knockout hiPSCs can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes that induce little or no activity in human immune cells and, consequently, are suitable for allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidulu Mattapally
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Kevin M Pawlik
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Esther Zumaquero
- 3 Department of Microbiology School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Frances E Lund
- 3 Department of Microbiology School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Troy D Randall
- 4 Department of Medicine/Rheumatology School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Tim M Townes
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
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31
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Bogomiakova ME, Eremeev AV, Lagarkova MA. At Home among Strangers: Is It Possible to Create Hypoimmunogenic Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines? Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Engineering universal cells that evade immune detection. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:723-733. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Zha S, Li Z, Chen C, Du Z, Tay JCK, Wang S. Beta-2 microglobulin knockout K562 cell-based artificial antigen presenting cells for ex vivo expansion of T lymphocytes. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:967-982. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The human K562 leukemia cell line as a scaffold of artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) for ex vivo lymphocyte expansion does not usually express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, when stimulated by supernatants from human T lymphocyte cultures, K562 cells upregulate β-2 microglobulin (B2M) and MHC class I expression, which would induce allo-specific T cells. Methods: We disrupted the B2M locus in K562 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 and achieved MHC class I-negative K562 cells. Results: We further generated K562-based MHC class I-negative aAPC line by zinc-finger nuclease mediated insertion of costimulatory molecules into the AAVS1 locus. This aAPC line could attenuate allogeneic immune responses but support robust antigen-independent and CD19 antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cell expansion in vitro. Conclusion: B2M-knockout K562 cells provide a new scaffold for aAPC construction and broader application in adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zha
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Johan Chin-Kang Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669
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Xu H, Wang B, Ono M, Kagita A, Fujii K, Sasakawa N, Ueda T, Gee P, Nishikawa M, Nomura M, Kitaoka F, Takahashi T, Okita K, Yoshida Y, Kaneko S, Hotta A. Targeted Disruption of HLA Genes via CRISPR-Cas9 Generates iPSCs with Enhanced Immune Compatibility. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:566-578.e7. [PMID: 30853558 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have strong potential in regenerative medicine applications; however, immune rejection caused by HLA mismatching is a concern. B2M gene knockout and HLA-homozygous iPSC stocks can address this issue, but the former approach may induce NK cell activity and fail to present antigens, and it is challenging to recruit rare donors for the latter method. Here, we show two genome-editing strategies for making immunocompatible donor iPSCs. First, we generated HLA pseudo-homozygous iPSCs with allele-specific editing of HLA heterozygous iPSCs. Second, we generated HLA-C-retained iPSCs by disrupting both HLA-A and -B alleles to suppress the NK cell response while maintaining antigen presentation. HLA-C-retained iPSCs could evade T cells and NK cells in vitro and in vivo. We estimated that 12 lines of HLA-C-retained iPSCs combined with HLA-class II knockout are immunologically compatible with >90% of the world's population, greatly facilitating iPSC-based regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaigeng Xu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ono
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kagita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaho Fujii
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Sasakawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ueda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Gee
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kitaoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Core Center for iPS Cell Research, Research Center Network for Realization of Regenerative Medicine, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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36
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Yang J, Park JW, Zheng D, Xu RH. Universal Corneal Epithelial-Like Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Cellularization of a Corneal Scaffold. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:23. [PMID: 30323996 PMCID: PMC6181193 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We generated universal corneal epithelial cells (CEC) from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) by genetically removing human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I from the cell surface. Methods The serum-free, growth factor-free, and defined medium E6 was used to differentiate hESC to CEC. Decellularized murine corneas were recellularized with hESC-derived CEC. Using CRISPR/Cas9, β-2-microglobulin (B2M) was deleted in hESC to block the assembly of HLA class-I antigens on the cell surface to generate B2M−/− CEC. Results E6 alone was sufficient to allow hESC differentiation to CEC. A time-course analysis of the global gene expression of the differentiating cells indicates that the differentiation closely resembles the corneal development in vivo. The hESC-CEC were highly proliferative, and could form multilayer epithelium in decellularized murine cornea, retain its transparency, and form intact tight junctions on its surface. As reported before, B2M knockout led to the absence of HLA class-I on the cell surface of hESC and subsequently derived CEC following stimulation with inflammatory factors. Moreover, B2M−/− CEC, following transplantation into mouse eyes, caused less T-cell infiltration in the limbal region of the eye than the wild-type control. Conclusions CEC can be derived from hESC via a novel and simple protocol free of any proteins, hESC-CEC seeded on decellularized animal cornea form tight junctions and allow light transmittance, and B2M−/− CEC are hypoimmunogenic both in vitro and in vivo. Translational Relevance B2M−/− hESC-CEC can be an unlimited and universal therapy for corneal repair in patients of any HLA type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jung Woo Park
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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37
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Chen H, Jiang M, Xiao L, Huang H. Single-cell qPCR facilitates the optimization of hematopoietic differentiation in hPSCs/OP9 coculture system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7183. [PMID: 29561959 PMCID: PMC5875903 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)/OP9 coculture system is a widely used hematopoietic differentiation approach. The limited understanding of this process leads to its low efficiency. Thus, we used single-cell qPCR to reveal the gene expression profiles of individual CD34+ cells from different stages of differentiation. According to the dynamic gene expression of hematopoietic transcription factors, we overexpressed specific hematopoietic transcription factors (Gata2, Lmo2, Etv2, ERG, and SCL) at an early stage of hematopoietic differentiation. After overexpression, we generated more CD34+ cells with normal expression level of CD43 and CD31, which are used to define various hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, these CD34+ cells possessed normal differentiation potency in colony-forming unit assays and normal gene expression profiles. In this study, we demonstrated that single-cell qPCR can provide guidance for optimization of hematopoietic differentiation and transient overexpression of selected hematopoietic transcription factors can enhance hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haide Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Organ donation in the United States registered 9079 deceased organ donors in 2015. This high percentage of donations allowed organ transplantation in 29 851 recipients. Despite increasing numbers of transplants performed in comparison with previous years, the numbers of patients that are in need for a transplant increase every year at a higher rate. This reveals that the discrepancy between the demand and availability of organs remains fundamental problem in organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Development of bioengineered organs represents a promising approach to increase the pool of organs for transplantation. The technology involves obtaining complex three-dimensional scaffolds that support cellular activity and functional remodeling though tissue recellularization protocols using progenitor cells. This innovative approach integrates cross-thematic approaches from specific areas of transplant immunology, tissue engineering and stem cell biology, to potentially manufacture an unlimited source of donor organs for transplantation. SUMMARY Although bioengineered organs are thought to escape immune recognition, the potential immune reactivity toward each of its components has not been studied in detail. Here, we summarize the host immune response toward different progenitor cells and discuss the potential implications of using nonself biological scaffolds to develop bioengineered organs.
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40
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Millette K, Georgia S. Gene Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Tools for Advancing Diabetes Disease Modeling and Beta-Cell Development. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:116. [PMID: 28980194 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the multiple approaches to gene editing and address the potential use of genetically modified human pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells (SC-β) as a tool to study human beta-cell development and model their function in diabetes. We will explore how new variations of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing may accelerate our understanding of beta-cell developmental biology, elucidate novel mechanisms that establish and regulate beta-cell function, and assist in pioneering new therapeutic modalities for treating diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Improvements in CRISPR/Cas9 target specificity and homology-directed recombination continue to advance its use in engineering stem cells to model and potentially treat disease. We will review how CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is informing our understanding of beta-cell development and expanding the therapeutic possibilities for treating diabetes and other diseases. Here we focus on the emerging use of gene editing technology, specifically CRISPR/Cas9, as a means of manipulating human gene expression to gain novel insights into the roles of key factors in beta-cell development and function. Taken together, the combined use of SC-β cells and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing will shed new light on human beta-cell development and function and accelerate our progress towards developing new therapies for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Millette
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Senta Georgia
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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41
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Precise immune tolerance for hPSC derivatives in clinical application. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:15-23. [PMID: 28866278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) promise a foreseeing future for regeneration medicine and cell replacement therapy with their abilities to produce almost any types of somatic cells of the body. The complicated immunogenicity of hPSC derivatives and context dependent responses in variable transplantations greatly hurdle the practical application of hPSCs in clinic. Especially for applications of hPSCs, induction of immune tolerance at the same time increases the risks of tumorigenesis. Over the past few years, thanks to the progress in immunology and practices in organ transplantation, endeavors on exploring strategies to induce long term protection of allogeneic transplants have shed light on overcoming this barrier. Novel genetic engineering techniques also allow to precisely cradle the immune response of transplantation. Here we reviewed the current understanding on immunogenicity, and efforts have been attempted on inducing immune tolerance for hPSC derivatives, with extra focus on modifying the graft cells. We also glimpse on employing cutting-edge genome editing technologies for this purpose, which will potentially endow hPSC derivatives with the nature of wide spectrum drugs for therapy.
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42
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Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can undergo unlimited self-renewal and differentiate into all cell types in human body, and therefore hold great potential for cell therapy of currently incurable diseases including neural degenerative diseases, heart failure, and macular degeneration. This potential is further underscored by the promising safety and efficacy data from the ongoing clinical trials of hESC-based therapy of macular degeneration. However, one main challenge for the clinical application of hESC-based therapy is the allogeneic immune rejection of hESC-derived cells by the recipient. The breakthrough of the technology to generate autologous-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by nuclear reprogramming of patient’s somatic cells raised the possibility that autologous iPSC-derived cells can be transplanted into the patients without the concern of immune rejection. However, accumulating data indicate that certain iPSC-derived cells can be immunogenic. In addition, the genomic instability associated with iPSCs raises additional safety concern to use iPSC-derived cells in human cell therapy. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism underlying the immunogenicity of the pluripotent stem cells and recent progress in developing immune tolerance strategies of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived allografts. The successful development of safe and effective immune tolerance strategy will greatly facilitate the clinical development of hPSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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43
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HLA-E-expressing pluripotent stem cells escape allogeneic responses and lysis by NK cells. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:765-772. [PMID: 28504668 PMCID: PMC5548598 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes can cause the rejection of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived products in allogeneic recipients. Disruption of the Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) gene eliminates surface expression of all class I molecules, but leaves the cells vulnerable to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Here we show that this ‘missing self’ response can be prevented by forced expression of minimally polymorphic HLA-E molecules. We use adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene editing to knock in HLA-E genes at the B2M locus in human PSCs in a manner that confers inducible, regulated, surface expression of HLA-E single-chain dimers (fused to B2M) or trimers (fused to B2M and a peptide antigen), without surface expression of HLA-A, B or C. These HLA-engineered PSCs and their differentiated derivatives are not recognized as allogeneic by CD8+ T cells, do not bind anti-HLA antibodies, and are resistant to NK-mediated lysis. Our approach provides a potential source of universal donor cells for applications where the differentiated derivatives lack HLA class II expression.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ichimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shinshu University
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
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45
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Hei H, Gao J, Dong J, Tao J, Tian L, Pan W, Wang H, Zhang X. BK Knockout by TALEN-Mediated Gene Targeting in Osteoblasts: KCNMA1 Determines the Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts. Mol Cells 2016; 39:530-5. [PMID: 27329042 PMCID: PMC4959017 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels participate in many important physiological functions in excitable tissues such as neurons, cardiac and smooth muscles, whereas the knowledge of BK channels in bone tissues and osteoblasts remains elusive. To investigate the role of BK channels in osteoblasts, we used transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) to establish a BK knockout cell line on rat ROS17/2.8 osteoblast, and detected the proliferation and mineralization of the BK-knockout cells. Our study found that the BK-knockout cells significantly decreased the ability of proliferation and mineralization as osteoblasts, compared to the wild type cells. The overall expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes in the BK-knockout cells was significantly lower than that in wild type osteoblast cells. The BK-knockout osteoblast cell line in our study displays a phenotype decrease in osteoblast function which can mimic the pathological state of osteoblast and thus provide a working cell line as a tool for study of osteoblast function and bone related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Hei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Bone Metabolism, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032,
China
| | - Jibin Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062,
China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Wanma Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016,
China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203,
China
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46
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Zheng D, Wang X, Xu RH. Concise Review: One Stone for Multiple Birds: Generating Universally Compatible Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2269-75. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau; Taipa Macau China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- ImStem Biotechnology, Inc; Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau; Taipa Macau China
- ImStem Biotechnology, Inc; Farmington Connecticut USA
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47
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Li L, Dong M, Wang XG. The Implication and Significance of Beta 2 Microglobulin: A Conservative Multifunctional Regulator. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:448-55. [PMID: 26879019 PMCID: PMC4800846 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.176084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the current knowledge on the implication and significance of beta 2 microglobulin (β2M), a conservative immune molecule in vertebrate. DATA SOURCES The data used in this review were obtained from PubMed up to October 2015. Terms of β2M, immune response, and infection were used in the search. STUDY SELECTIONS Articles related to β2M were retrieved and reviewed. Articles focusing on the characteristic and function of β2M were selected. The exclusion criteria of articles were that the studies on β2M-related molecules. RESULTS β2M is critical for the immune surveillance and modulation in vertebrate animals. The dysregulation of β2M is associated with multiple diseases, including endogenous and infectious diseases. β2M could directly participate in the development of cancer cells, and the level of β2M is deemed as a prognostic marker for several malignancies. It also involves in forming major histocompatibility complex (MHC class I or MHC I) or like heterodimers, covering from antigen presentation to immune homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the characteristic of β2M, it or its signaling pathway has been targeted as biomedical or therapeutic tools. Moreover, β2M is highly conserved among different species, and overall structures are virtually identical, implying the versatility of β2M on applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Processing, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wangdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoding, Hebei 072450, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora 80045, Colorado, USA
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48
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Hartman ME, Dai DF, Laflamme MA. Human pluripotent stem cells: Prospects and challenges as a source of cardiomyocytes for in vitro modeling and cell-based cardiac repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:3-17. [PMID: 25980938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an attractive source of cardiomyocytes with potential applications including disease modeling, drug discovery and safety screening, and novel cell-based cardiac therapies. Insights from embryology have contributed to the development of efficient, reliable methods capable of generating large quantities of human PSC-cardiomyocytes with cardiac purities ranging up to 90%. However, for human PSCs to meet their full potential, the field must identify methods to generate cardiomyocyte populations that are uniform in subtype (e.g. homogeneous ventricular cardiomyocytes) and have more mature structural and functional properties. For in vivo applications, cardiomyocyte production must be highly scalable and clinical grade, and we will need to overcome challenges including graft cell death, immune rejection, arrhythmogenesis, and tumorigenic potential. Here we discuss the types of human PSCs, commonly used methods to guide their differentiation into cardiomyocytes, the phenotype of the resultant cardiomyocytes, and the remaining obstacles to their successful translation.
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Chen H, Li Y, Lin X, Cui D, Cui C, Li H, Xiao L. Functional disruption of human leukocyte antigen II in human embryonic stem cell. Biol Res 2015; 48:59. [PMID: 26506955 PMCID: PMC4624597 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretically human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into all human cell types. Therefore, the greatest promise of hESCs-based therapy is to replace the damaged tissues of patients suffering from traumatic or degenerative diseases by the exact same type of cells derived from hESCs. Allograft immune rejection is one of the obstacles for hESCs-based clinical applications. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II leads to CD4(+) T cells-mediated allograft rejection. Hence, we focus on optimizing hESCs for clinic application through gene modification. RESULTS Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were used to target MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) in hESCs efficiently. CIITA (-/-) hESCs did not show any difference in the differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. Dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CIITA (-/-) hESCs expressed CD83 and CD86 but without the constitutive HLA II. Fibroblasts derived from CIITA (-/-) hESCs were powerless in IFN-γ inducible expression of HLA II. CONCLUSION We generated HLA II defected hESCs via deleting CIITA, a master regulator of constitutive and IFN-γ inducible expression of HLA II genes. CIITA (-/-) hESCs can differentiate into tissue cells with non-HLA II expression. It's promising that CIITA (-/-) hESCs-derived cells could be used in cell therapy (e.g., T cells and DCs) and escape the attack of receptors' CD4(+) T cells, which are the main effector cells of cellular immunity in allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haide Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xijuan Lin
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Cui
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Cui
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Li
- Xiangtan Center Hospital, Hunan, 411100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Karabekian Z, Ding H, Stybayeva G, Ivanova I, Muselimyan N, Haque A, Toma I, Posnack NG, Revzin A, Leitenberg D, Laflamme MA, Sarvazyan N. HLA Class I Depleted hESC as a Source of Hypoimmunogenic Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2015. [PMID: 26218149 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapidly improving protocols for the derivation of autologous cells from stem cell sources is a welcome development. However, there are many circumstances when off-the-shelf universally immunocompatible cells may be needed. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide a unique opportunity to modify the original source of differentiated cells to minimize their rejection by nonautologous hosts. HYPOTHESIS Immune rejection of nonautologous human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivatives can be reduced by downregulating human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, without affecting the ability of these cells to differentiate into specific lineages. METHODS AND RESULTS Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) expression was decreased by lentiviral transduction using human anti-HLA class I light-chain B2M short hairpin RNA. mRNA levels of B2M were decreased by 90% in a RUES2-modified hESC line, as determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The transduced cells were selected under puromycin pressure and maintained in an undifferentiated state. The latter was confirmed by Oct4 and Nanog expression, and by the formation of characteristic round-shaped colonies. B2M downregulation led to diminished HLA-I expression on the cell surface, as determined by flow cytometry. When used as target cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, transduced hESCs and their differentiated derivatives did not stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Using a cardiac differentiation protocol, transduced hESCs formed a confluent layer of cardiac myocytes and maintained a low level of B2M expression. Transduced hESCs were also successfully differentiated into a hepatic lineage, validating their capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages. CONCLUSIONS HLA-I depletion does not preclude hESC differentiation into cardiac or hepatic lineages. This methodology can be used to engineer tissue from nonautologous hESC sources with improved immunocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaruhi Karabekian
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia.,2 L.A.Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences , Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hao Ding
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - Irina Ivanova
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Narine Muselimyan
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Amranul Haque
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - Ian Toma
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki G Posnack
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alexander Revzin
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - David Leitenberg
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- 4 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Narine Sarvazyan
- 1 Pharmacology and Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
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