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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Antioxidants as Immunomodulators in Exercise: Implications for Heme Oxygenase and Bilirubin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020179. [PMID: 35204062 PMCID: PMC8868548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is commonly prescribed as a lifestyle treatment for chronic metabolic diseases as it functions as an insulin sensitizer, cardio-protectant, and essential lifestyle tool for effective weight maintenance. Exercise boosts the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent transient oxidative damage, which also upregulates counterbalancing endogenous antioxidants to protect from ROS-induced damage and inflammation. Exercise elevates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) expression as built-in protective mechanisms, which produce the most potent antioxidant, bilirubin. Together, these mitigate inflammation and adiposity. Moderately raising plasma bilirubin protects in two ways: (1) via its antioxidant capacity to reduce ROS and inflammation, and (2) its newly defined function as a hormone that activates the nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARα. It is now understood that increasing plasma bilirubin can also drive metabolic adaptions, which improve deleterious outcomes of weight gain and obesity, such as inflammation, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this review is to describe the function of bilirubin as an antioxidant and metabolic hormone and how the HO-1-BVRA-bilirubin-PPARα axis influences inflammation, metabolic function and interacts with exercise to improve outcomes of weight management.
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Chen H, Xu HW, Zhang SB, Yi YY, Wang SJ. Vitamin D inadequacy combined with high BMI affects paraspinal muscle atrophy and pain intensity in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2021; 25:376-382. [PMID: 34694955 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1990257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to assess the effects of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency combined with a high body mass index (BMI) on paraspinal muscle (PSM) atrophy and pain intensity in postmenopausal women with lower back pain (LBP). METHODS In total, 365 postmenopausal women were analyzed in the study. We divided the women into four groups according to BMI and vitamin D status. Outcome measurements included PSM atrophy, fatty infiltration (FI) and severity of LBP. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the odds ratio (OR), and the interaction between the BMI and vitamin D status was tested. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the high BMI with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency group had a significantly increased risk of FI > grade 2 (OR = 10.69, p < 0.001), hand grip strength of <16 kg (OR = 8.96, p < 0.001), Short Physical Performance Battery score of ≤8 (OR = 3.69, p < 0.001) and visual analog scale (VAS) score of >3 (OR = 4.76, p < 0.001). A significant positive additive interaction was found between the BMI and vitamin D status on PSM atrophy. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency combined with a high BMI was associated with PSM atrophy and LBP intensity in postmenopausal women. The interaction analysis showed a positive additive interaction between BMI and vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - H-W Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S-B Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-Y Yi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S-J Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic, East Hospital, Ji'an Hospital, Jinggangshan University School of Medicine, Jiangxi, China
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Vitamin D Ameliorates Fat Accumulation with AMPK/SIRT1 Activity in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112806. [PMID: 31744213 PMCID: PMC6893473 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation has been considered as a major contributing factor for muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and its associated metabolic complications. The purpose of present study is to investigate a role of vitamin D in muscle fat accumulation and mitochondrial changes. In differentiated C2C12 muscle cells, palmitic acid (PA) was pretreated, followed by incubation with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for 24 h. PA led to a significant increment of triglyceride (TG) levels with increased lipid peroxidation and cellular damage, which were reversed by 1,25(OH)2D. The supplementation of 1,25(OH)2D significantly enhanced PA-decreased mtDNA levels as well as mRNA levels involved in mitochondrial biogenesis such as nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in C2C12 myotubes. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D significantly increased ATP levels and gene expression related to mitochondrial function such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and UCP3 and the vitamin D pathway including 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27) in PA-treated C2C12 myotubes. In addition to significant increment of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) mRNA expression, increased activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 was found in 1,25(OH)2D-treated C2C12 muscle cells. Thus, we suggest that the observed protective effect of vitamin D on muscle fat accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a positive manner via modulating AMPK/SIRT1 activation.
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Chang E. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Decreases Tertiary Butyl-Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Increases AMPK/SIRT1 Activation in C2C12 Muscle Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213903. [PMID: 31671915 PMCID: PMC6864759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced oxidative stress has been associated with muscle mitochondrial changes and metabolic disorders. Thus, it might be a good strategy to decrease oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial changes in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we investigate the role of the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes in tertiary butyl-hydrogen (tBHP)-treated C2C12 muscle cells. Differentiated C2C12 muscle cells were pretreated with tBHP, followed by 1,25(OH)2D for additional 24 h. An exogenous inducer of oxidative stress, tBHP significantly increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, intracellular damage, and cell death which were reversed by 1,25(OH)2D in C2C12 myotubes. 1.25(OH)2D improves tBHP-induced mitochondrial morphological changes such as swelling, irregular cristae, and smaller size and number, as observed by transmission electron microscope. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D treatment increases mtDNA contents as well as gene expression involved in mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC1α, NRF1, and Tfam. Significant increments in mRNA levels related to antioxidant enzymes such as Nrf2, HMOX1, and TXNRD1, myogenic differentiation markers including myoglobin, muscle creatine kinase (MCK), and MHCІ and ІІ, and vitamin D metabolism such as CYP24, CYP27, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) were found in 1,25(OH)2D-treated myotubes. Moreover, upon t-BHP-induced oxidative stress, significant incremental changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels, activities of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtulin 1 (SIRT1), and SIRT1 expression were noted in 1,25(OH)2D-treated C2C12 muscle cells. Taken together, these results suggest the observed potent inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D on muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics might be at least involved in the activation of AMPK and SIRT1 activation in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Local In Vivo Measures of Muscle Lipid and Oxygen Consumption Change in Response to Combined Vitamin D Repletion and Aerobic Training in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040930. [PMID: 31027191 PMCID: PMC6521174 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramyocellular (IMCL), extramyocellular lipid (EMCL), and vitamin D deficiency are associated with muscle metabolic dysfunction. This study compared the change in [IMCL]:[EMCL] following the combined treatment of vitamin D and aerobic training (DAT) compared with vitamin D (D), aerobic training (AT), and control (CTL). Male and female subjects aged 60–80 years with a BMI ranging from 18.5–34.9 and vitamin D status of ≤32 ng/mL (25(OH)D) were recruited to randomized, prospective clinical trial double-blinded for supplement with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) (10,000 IU × 5 days/week) or placebo was provided for 13 weeks and treadmill aerobic training during week 13. Gastrocnemius IMCL and EMCL were measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MRI. Hybrid near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy measured hemodynamics. Group differences in IMCL were observed when controlling for baseline IMCL (p = 0.049). DAT was the only group to reduce IMCL from baseline, while a mean increase was observed in all other groups combined (p = 0.008). IMCL reduction and the corresponding increase in rVO2 at study end (p = 0.011) were unique to DAT. Vitamin D, when combined with exercise, may potentiate the metabolic benefits of exercise by reducing IMCL and increasing tissue-level VO2 in healthy, older adults.
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Schnell DM, Walton RG, Vekaria HJ, Sullivan PG, Bollinger LM, Peterson CA, Thomas DT. Vitamin D produces a perilipin 2-dependent increase in mitochondrial function in C2C12 myotubes. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 65:83-92. [PMID: 30658160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been connected with increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and has also been shown to increase mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. Evidence suggests that perilipin 2 (PLIN2), a perilipin protein upregulated with calcitriol treatment, may be integral to managing increased IMCL capacity and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Therefore, we hypothesized that PLIN2 is required for vitamin D induced IMCL accumulation and increased mitochondrial oxidative function. To address this hypothesis, we treated C2C12 myotubes with 100 nM calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D) and/or PLIN2 siRNA in a four group design and analyzed markers of IMCL accumulation and metabolism using qRT-PCR, cytochemistry, and oxygen consumption assay. Expression of PLIN2, but not PLIN3 or PLIN5 mRNA was increased with calcitriol, and PLIN2 induction was prevented with siRNA knockdown without compensation by other perilipins. PLIN2 knockdown did not appear to prevent lipid accumulation. Calcitriol treatment increased mRNA expression of triglyceride synthesizing genes DGAT1 and DGAT2 and also lipolytic genes ATGL and CGI-58. PLIN2 knockdown decreased the expression of CGI-58 and CPT1, and was required for calcitriol-induced upregulation of DGAT2. Calcitriol increased oxygen consumption rate while PLIN2 knockdown decreased oxygen consumption rate. PLIN2 was required for a calcitriol-induced increase in oxygen consumption driven by mitochondrial complex II. We conclude that calcitriol increases mitochondrial function in myotubes and that this increase is at least in part mediated by PLIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Grace Walton
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; Center for Muscle Biology.
| | | | | | | | | | - D Travis Thomas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.
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Wright CS, Laing EM, Pollock NK, Hausman DB, Weaver CM, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Warden SJ, Hill Gallant KM, Lewis RD. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Influence Muscle Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1940-1947. [PMID: 30001469 PMCID: PMC6556206 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are shown to improve strength in adults; however, data in pediatric populations are scant and equivocal. In this ancillary study of a larger-scale, multi-sited, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled vitamin D intervention in US children and adolescents, we examined the associations between changes in vitamin D metabolites and changes in muscle mass, strength, and composition after 12 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation. Healthy male and female, black and white children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 13 years from two US states (Georgia 34°N and Indiana 40°N) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive an oral vitamin D3 dose of 0, 400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/d for 12 weeks between the winter months of 2009 to 2011 (N = 324). Analyses of covariance, partial correlations, and regression analyses of baseline and 12-week changes (post-baseline) in vitamin D metabolites (serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]), and outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and composition (total body fat-free soft tissue [FFST], handgrip strength, forearm and calf muscle cross-sectional area [MCSA], muscle density, and intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT]) were assessed. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D, but not iPTH, increased over time, as did fat mass, FFST, forearm and calf MCSA, forearm IMAT, and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Vitamin D metabolites were not associated with muscle strength at baseline nor after the 12-week intervention. Changes in serum 25(OH)D correlated with decreases in forearm IMAT, whereas changes in serum iPTH predicted increases in forearm and calf MCSA and IMAT (p < 0.05). Overall, increases in 25(OH)D did not influence muscle mass or strength in vitamin D-sufficient children and adolescents; however, the role of iPTH on muscle composition in this population is unknown and warrants further investigation. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wright
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Norman K Pollock
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Kougias DG, Das T, Perez AB, Pereira SL. A role for nutritional intervention in addressing the aging neuromuscular junction. Nutr Res 2018; 53:1-14. [PMID: 29804584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss the structural and physiological changes that underlie age-related neuromuscular dysfunction and to summarize current evidence on the potential role of nutritional interventions on neuromuscular dysfunction-associated pathways. Age-related neuromuscular deficits are known to coincide with distinct changes in the central and peripheral nervous system, in the neuromuscular system, and systemically. Although many features contribute to the age-related decline in neuromuscular function, a comprehensive understanding of their integration and temporal relationship is needed. Nonetheless, many nutrients and ingredients show promise in modulating neuromuscular output by counteracting the age-related changes that coincide with neuromuscular dysfunction. In particular, dietary supplements, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and dietary phospholipids, demonstrate potential in ameliorating age-related neuromuscular dysfunction. However, current evidence seldom directly assesses neuromuscular outcomes and is not always in the context of aging. Additional clinical research studies are needed to confirm the benefits of dietary supplements on neuromuscular function, as well as to define the appropriate population, dosage, and duration for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Kougias
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | | | - Suzette L Pereira
- Abbott Nutrition, Strategic Research, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Jefferson GE, Schnell DM, Thomas DT, Bollinger LM. Calcitriol concomitantly enhances insulin sensitivity and alters myocellular lipid partitioning in high fat-treated skeletal muscle cells. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:613-621. [PMID: 28980208 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D reduces myocellular insulin resistance, but the effects of vitamin D on intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) partitioning are unknown. The purpose of this study was to understand how calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, affects insulin sensitivity and lipid partitioning in skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 myotubes were treated with calcitriol (100 nM) or vehicle control for 96 h. Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation (Thr 308) was determined by western blot. Intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and ceramide content were measured by LC/MS. IMTG partitioning and lipid droplet accumulation were assessed by oil red O. Expression of genes involved in lipid droplet packaging and lipolysis were measured by RT-PCR. Compared to vehicle-treated myotubes, calcitriol augmented insulin-stimulated pAkt. Calcitriol increased total ceramides and DAG in a subspecies-specific manner. Specifically, calcitriol preferentially increased ceramide 24:1 (1.78 fold) and di-18:0 DAG (46.89 fold). Calcitriol increased total IMTG area as assessed by oil red O, but decreased the proportion of lipid within myotubes. Calcitriol increased mRNA content of genes involved in lipid droplet packaging (perilipin 2; PLIN 2, 2.07 fold) and lipolysis (comparative gene identification-58; CGI-58 and adipose triglyceride lipase; ATGL, ~ 1.80 fold). Calcitriol alters myocellular lipid partitioning and lipid droplet packaging which may favor lipid turnover and partially explain improvements in insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Jefferson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, 201 Seaton Bldg, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - David M Schnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D Travis Thomas
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lance M Bollinger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, 201 Seaton Bldg, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA. .,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Kim SH, Kwon HS, Hwang HJ. White blood cell counts, insulin resistance, vitamin D levels and sarcopenia in Korean elderly men. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:228-233. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1293286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hwan Kim
- Dong Seoul Geriatric Hospital, Institute for Geriatric Medicine, Changwon, Kyungsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hee-Jin Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Institute for Translational & Clinical Research, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Translational & Clinical Research, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Sarno G, Daniele G, Tirabassi G, Chavez AO, Ojo OO, Orio F, Kahleova H, Balercia G, Grant WB, De Rosa P, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on patients undergoing kidney transplantation: focus on cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine outcomes. Endocrine 2015; 50:568-74. [PMID: 25999028 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common among kidney transplant (KT) recipients because of reduced sunlight exposure, low intake of vitamin D, the immunosuppressive drug regimen administered, and steroid therapy. Glucocorticoids regulate expression of genes coding for enzymes that catabolize vitamin D, further reducing its level in serum. Although vitamin D primarily regulates calcium homeostasis, vitamin D deficiency is associated with the risk of several diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Aim of this review is to highlight endocrine and metabolic alterations due to the vitamin D deficiency by evaluating the mechanisms involved in the development of KT-related disease (cardiovascular, bone mineral density, and new-onset diabetes after transplantation). Next, we review evidence to support a link between low vitamin D status and KT-related diseases. Finally, we briefly highlight strategies for restoring vitamin D status in KT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Sarno
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daniele
- Divisions of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto O Chavez
- Divisions of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Opeolu O Ojo
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Francesco Orio
- Sports Science and Wellness, University Parthenope Naples, Naples, Italy
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paride De Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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Girgis CM, Baldock PA, Downes M. Vitamin D, muscle and bone: Integrating effects in development, aging and injury. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:3-10. [PMID: 25837735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the established effects of muscle loading on bone, a complex network of hormones and growth factors integrates these adjacent tissues. One such hormone, vitamin D, exerts broad-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, potentially facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In the clinical setting, vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor result in generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D at these sites. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts specific effects throughout the life of the musculoskeletal system - in development, aging and injury. From this holistic viewpoint, we offer new insights into an old debate: whether vitamin D's effects in the musculoskeletal system are direct via local VDR signals or indirect via its systemic effects in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Budui SL, Rossi AP, Zamboni M. The pathogenetic bases of sarcopenia. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM 2015; 12:22-6. [PMID: 26136791 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.1.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, called sarcopenia. The mechanisms underlying the development of sarcopenia are not completely understood and most likely multi-factorial, but significant progress has been made over the past few years to identify some of the major contributors. Besides life style-related factors, as diet and physical activity, sarcopenia seems to be also determined by hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammatory status, ectopic adipose tissue accumulation, neurological and vascular changes associated with aging. The present mini-review focused on the basic factors that primarily impact muscle homeostasis in older subjects. A better understanding of cellular mechanism leading to sarcopenia is required to establish evidence-based intervention in order to prevent onset of symptoms associated with sarcopenia and to extend the time free from disability in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona L Budui
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Geriatric Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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