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Wang L, Zhou S, Ruan Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Li Y, Ying D, Lu Y, Tian Y, Cheng G, Zhang J, Lv K, Zhou X. Hypoxia-Challenged Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cell-Derived Exosomal circR3HCC1L Drives Tumor Growth Via Upregulating PKM2 Through Sequestering miR-873-5p. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01091-z. [PMID: 38526683 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a fatal disease with poor survival. Increasing evidence show that hypoxia-induced exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of hsa_circ_0007678 (circR3HCC1L) and hypoxic PAAD cell-derived exosomal circR3HCC1L in PAAD progression. Through the exoRBase 2.0 database, we screened for a circular RNA circR3HCC1L related to PAAD. Changes of circR3HCC1L in PAAD samples and cells were analyzed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion were analyzed by colony formation, cell counting, and transwell assays. Measurements of glucose uptake and lactate production were done using corresponding kits. Several protein levels were detected by western blotting. The regulation mechanism of circR3HCC1L was verified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. Exosomes were separated by differential ultracentrifugation. Animal experiments were used to verify the function of hypoxia-derived exosomal circR3HCC1L. CircR3HCC1L was upregulated in PAAD samples and hypoxic PAAD cells. Knockdown of circR3HCC1L decreased hypoxia-driven PAAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis. Hypoxic PAAD cell-derived exosomes had higher levels of circR3HCC1L, hypoxic PAAD cell-derived exosomal circR3HCC1L promoted normoxic cancer cell malignant transformation and glycolysis in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in mouse models in vivo. Mechanistically, circR3HCC1L regulated pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression via sponging miR-873-5p. Also, PKM2 overexpression or miR-873-5p silencing offset circR3HCC1L knockdown-mediated effects on hypoxia-challenged PAAD cell malignant transformation and glycolysis. Hypoxic PAAD cell-derived exosomal circR3HCC1L facilitated PAAD progression through the miR-873-5p/PKM2 axis, highlighting the contribution of hypoxic PAAD cell-derived exosomal circR3HCC1L in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoluo Wang
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, No.51, Xuefu Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Ruan
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjian Ying
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeting Lu
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiji Lv
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Minimally Invasive Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No.1111, Jiangnan Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen P, Lou L, Sharma B, Li M, Xie C, Yang F, Wu Y, Xiao Q, Gao L. Recent Advances on PKM2 Inhibitors and Activators in Cancer Applications. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2955-2973. [PMID: 37455458 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230714144851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cells, from the normal mode of glucose metabolism named glycolysis, is a pivotal characteristic of impending cancerous cells. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), an important enzyme that catalyzes the final rate-limiting stage during glycolysis, is highly expressed in numerous types of tumors and aids in development of favorable conditions for the survival of tumor cells. Increasing evidence has suggested that PKM2 is one of promising targets for innovative drug discovery, especially for the developments of antitumor therapeutics. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent advancement on PKM2 modulators including inhibitors and activators in cancer applications. We also discussed the classifications of pyruvate kinases in mammals and the biological functions of PKM2 in this review. We do hope that this review would provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research on PKM2 modulators, which may benefit the development of more potent PKM2-related drug candidates to treat PKM2-associated diseases including cancers in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Liang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Bigyan Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Mengchu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Chengliang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Qicai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P.R. China
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Yavuz BB, Kilinc F, Kanyilmaz G, Aktan M. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) expression and prognostic significance in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:527-533. [PMID: 38010491 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible and final step of glycolysis. It is closely associated with cancer development and progression. The relationship between PKM2 and prognosis in glioblastoma (GB) patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to measure PKM2 expression and evaluate its effect on prognosis in GB patients. METHODS Patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) for glioblastoma between 2010 and 2021 were evaluated immunohistochemically. A single pathologist evaluated pathology specimens of all patients. The intensity and extent of staining of tumor cells were scored. Patients were categorized as low and high PKM2. RESULTS A total of 119 patients were evaluated. While 80.7% of the cases had a low score, 19.3% had a high PKM2 score. It was observed that the group with high PKM2 expression had lower performance, received more hypofractionated RT and received adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) less frequently. Median overall survival (OS) was 15.77 months in the low PKM2 expression group and 6.50 months in the high PKM2 group. In univariate analyses, PKM2 expression, age, performance status, type of surgery, RT scheme, and concurrent and adjuvant CT were prognostic factors in predicting OS. In multivariate analyses, PKM2 expression, type of surgery, RT scheme and receiving adjuvant CT were prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSION PKM2 is an independent prognostic factor for survival and is associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients treated with radiotherapy. It may be a potential therapeutic target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Benli Yavuz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fahriye Kilinc
- Department of Pathology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gul Kanyilmaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meryem Aktan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meram Medical School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Li D, Liu Q, Yang M, Xu H, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Xu J, Tian C, Yao J, Wang L, Liang Y. Nanomaterials for mRNA-based therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10492. [PMID: 37206219 PMCID: PMC10189457 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) holds great potential in developing immunotherapy, protein replacement, and genome editing. In general, mRNA does not have the risk of being incorporated into the host genome and does not need to enter the nucleus for transfection, and it can be expressed even in nondividing cells. Therefore, mRNA-based therapeutics provide a promising strategy for clinical treatment. However, the efficient and safe delivery of mRNA remains a crucial constraint for the clinical application of mRNA therapeutics. Although the stability and tolerability of mRNA can be enhanced by directly retouching the mRNA structure, there is still an urgent need to improve the delivery of mRNA. Recently, significant progress has been made in nanobiotechnology, providing tools for developing mRNA nanocarriers. Nano-drug delivery system is directly used for loading, protecting, and releasing mRNA in the biological microenvironment and can be used to stimulate the translation of mRNA to develop effective intervention strategies. In the present review, we summarized the concept of emerging nanomaterials for mRNA delivery and the latest progress in enhancing the function of mRNA, primarily focusing on the role of exosomes in mRNA delivery. Moreover, we outlined its clinical applications so far. Finally, the key obstacles of mRNA nanocarriers are emphasized, and promising strategies to overcome these obstacles are proposed. Collectively, nano-design materials exert functions for specific mRNA applications, provide new perception for next-generation nanomaterials, and thus revolution of mRNA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- De‐feng Li
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Qi‐song Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Mei‐feng Yang
- Department of HematologyYantian District People's HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Hao‐ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGuangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Min‐zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatologythe Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical AdministrationHuizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and PreventionHuizhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGuangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐mei Tian
- Department of EmergencyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐sheng Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yu‐jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryShenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health CenterShenzhenChina
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
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Wang C, Xu R, Song J, Chen Y, Yin X, Ruze R, Xu Q. Prognostic value of glycolysis markers in pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004850. [PMID: 36172154 PMCID: PMC9510923 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have investigated the prognostic significance of glycolysis markers in pancreatic cancer; however, conclusions from these studies are still controversial. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched to investigate the prognostic role of glycolysis markers in pancreatic cancer up to May 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) related to overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were calculated using the STATA 12.0 software. Results A total of 28 studies comprising 2010 patients were included in this meta-analysis. High expression of the five glycolysis markers was correlated with a poorer OS (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34-2.22), DFS (HR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.91-5.01), RFS (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.21-2.48) and DMFS (HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.09-6.20) in patients with pancreatic cancer. In subgroup analysis, it was shown that higher expression levels of the five glycolysis markers were related to a poorer OS in Asians (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.46-2.35, P < 0.001) and Caucasians (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.40-2.77, P < 0.001). Besides, analysis based on the expression levels of specific glycolysis markers demonstrated that higher expression levels of GLUT1 (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.58-2.82, P < 0.001), MCT4 (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.36-3.76, P = 0.002), and ENO1 (HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28-3.66, P =0.004) were correlated with a poorer OS in patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions High expression of the five glycolysis markers are associated with poorer OS, DFS, RFS and DMFS in patients with pancreatic cancer, indicating that the glycolysis markers could be potential prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Ishfaq M, Bashir N, Riaz SK, Manzoor S, Khan JS, Bibi Y, Sami R, Aljahani AH, Alharthy SA, Shahid R. Expression of HK2, PKM2, and PFKM Is Associated with Metastasis and Late Disease Onset in Breast Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:549. [PMID: 35328104 PMCID: PMC8955648 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is crucial for tumor progression. Altered aerobic glycolysis is a well-known characteristic of cancer cell metabolism. In the present study, the expression profiles of key metabolic genes (HK2, PFKM, and PKM2) were assessed in the breast cancer cohort of Pakistan using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and IHC. Expression patterns were correlated with molecular subtypes and clinical parameters in the patients. A significant upregulation of key glycolytic genes was observed in tumor samples in comparison to their adjacent controls (p < 0.0001). The expression of the studied glycolytic genes was significantly increased in late clinical stages, positive nodal involvement, and distant metastasis (p < 0.05). HK2 and PKM2 were found to be upregulated in luminal B, whereas PFKM was overexpressed in the luminal A subtype of breast cancer. The genes were positively correlated with the proliferation marker Ki67 (p < 0.001). Moreover, moderate positive linear correlations between HK2 and PKM2 (r = 0.476), HK2 and PFKM (r = 0.473), and PKM2 and PFKM (r = 0.501) were also observed (p < 0.01). These findings validate that the key regulatory genes in glycolysis can serve as potential biomarkers and/or molecular targets for breast cancer management. However, the clinical significance of these molecules needs to be further validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Ishfaq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.B.)
| | - Nabiha Bashir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.B.)
| | - Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Shumaila Manzoor
- National Veterinary Lab, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Jahangir Sarwar Khan
- Department of General Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amani H. Aljahani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saif A. Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.B.)
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Jain A, Bhardwaj V. Therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Current challenges and future opportunities. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6527-6550. [PMID: 34754151 PMCID: PMC8554400 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although chemotherapeutic regimens such as gemcitabine+ nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX (FOLinic acid, 5-Fluroruracil, IRINotecan, and Oxaliplatin) significantly improve patient survival, the prevalence of therapy resistance remains a major roadblock in the success of these agents. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that play a crucial role in PDAC therapy resistance and how a better understanding of these mechanisms has shaped clinical trials for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy. Specifically, we have discussed the metabolic alterations and DNA repair mechanisms observed in PDAC and current approaches in targeting these mechanisms. Our discussion also includes the lessons learned following the failure of immunotherapy in PDAC and current approaches underway to improve tumor's immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Vikas Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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Yu L, Teoh ST, Ensink E, Ogrodzinski MP, Yang C, Vazquez AI, Lunt SY. Cysteine catabolism and the serine biosynthesis pathway support pyruvate production during pyruvate kinase knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:13. [PMID: 31893043 PMCID: PMC6937848 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. Pyruvate kinase, especially the M2 isoform (PKM2), is highly expressed in PDAC cells, but its role in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. To investigate the role of pyruvate kinase in pancreatic cancer, we knocked down PKM2 individually as well as both PKM1 and PKM2 concurrently (PKM1/2) in cell lines derived from a KrasG12D/-; p53-/- pancreatic mouse model. Methods We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine metabolic profiles of wildtype and PKM1/2 knockdown PDAC cells. We further used stable isotope-labeled metabolic precursors and LC-MS/MS to determine metabolic pathways upregulated in PKM1/2 knockdown cells. We then targeted metabolic pathways upregulated in PKM1/2 knockdown cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Results PDAC cells are able to proliferate and continue to produce pyruvate despite PKM1/2 knockdown. The serine biosynthesis pathway partially contributed to pyruvate production during PKM1/2 knockdown: knockout of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in this pathway decreased pyruvate production from glucose. In addition, cysteine catabolism generated ~ 20% of intracellular pyruvate in PDAC cells. Other potential sources of pyruvate include the sialic acid pathway and catabolism of glutamine, serine, tryptophan, and threonine. However, these sources did not provide significant levels of pyruvate in PKM1/2 knockdown cells. Conclusion PKM1/2 knockdown does not impact the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. The serine biosynthesis pathway supports conversion of glucose to pyruvate during pyruvate kinase knockdown. However, direct conversion of serine to pyruvate was not observed during PKM1/2 knockdown. Investigating several alternative sources of pyruvate identified cysteine catabolism for pyruvate production during PKM1/2 knockdown. Surprisingly, we find that a large percentage of intracellular pyruvate comes from cysteine. Our results highlight the ability of PDAC cells to adaptively rewire their metabolic pathways during knockdown of a key metabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Shao Thing Teoh
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Elliot Ensink
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Martin P Ogrodzinski
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.,2Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Che Yang
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Ana I Vazquez
- 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.,4The Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.,5Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Su Q, Luo S, Tan Q, Deng J, Zhou S, Peng M, Tao T, Yang X. The role of pyruvate kinase M2 in anticancer therapeutic treatments. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5663-5672. [PMID: 31788038 PMCID: PMC6865080 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a high glycolytic rate, which leads to energy regeneration and anabolic metabolism; a consequence of this is the abnormal expression of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2). Multiple studies have demonstrated that the expression levels of PKM2 are upregulated in numerous cancer types. Consequently, the mechanism of action of certain anticancer drugs is to downregulate PKM2 expression, indicating the significance of PKM2 in a chemotherapeutic setting. Furthermore, it has previously been highlighted that the downregulation of PKM2 expression, using either inhibitors or short interfering RNA, enhances the anticancer effect exerted by THP treatment on bladder cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. The present review summarizes the detailed mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of anticancer drugs that inhibit PKM2 expression. In addition, the relationship between PKM2 expression levels and drug resistance were explored. Finally, future directions, such as the targeting of PKM2 as a strategy to explore novel anticancer agents, were suggested. The current review explored and highlighted the important role of PKM2 in anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongli Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Shengping Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Sichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Maternal-Child Medicine Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Guo CY, Zhu Q, Tou FF, Wen XM, Kuang YK, Hu H. The prognostic value of PKM2 and its correlation with tumour cell PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:289. [PMID: 30925904 PMCID: PMC6441172 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of PKM2 and its correlation with tumour cell PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear. METHODS A total of 506 lung adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 173 LUAD tumour tissues from Jiangxi Cancer Hospital were used to analyse the correlation between PKM2 and PD-L1 expression. We further established a stable LUAD cell line with PKM2 knockdown and confirmed the association via Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, the prognostic values of PKM2 and PD-L1 were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Based on the above two large cohorts, we found that PKM2 was significantly positively associated with PD-L1 expression (r = 0.132, P = 0.003 and r = 0.287, P < 0.001, respectively). Subsequently, we found that PKM2 knockdown substantially inhibited PD-L1 expression in the A549 LUAD cell line. Moreover, survival analysis showed that higher expression of PKM2 was correlated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in lung adenocarcinoma patients (P < 0.001 and P = 0.050, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that lung adenocarcinoma patients who expressed high PKM2 and PD-L1 levels experienced the poorest OS and DFS. Additionally, multivariate analysis suggested that high PKM2 and PD-L1 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for worse OS and DFS (HR = 1.462, P < 0.001 and HR = 1.436, P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that PKM2 regulated PD-L1 expression and was associated with poor outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ying Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Beijing East Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ji’an Central Hospital, Ji’an, 343000 China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Fang-Fang Tou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Beijing East Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Beijing East Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Yu-Kang Kuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Beijing East Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, No. 519 Beijing East Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ji’an Central Hospital, Ji’an, 343000 China
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11
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Prognostic role of glycolysis for cancer outcome: evidence from 86 studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:967-999. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Hillis AL, Lau AN, Devoe CX, Dayton TL, Danai LV, Di Vizio D, Vander Heiden MG. PKM2 is not required for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:17. [PMID: 30386596 PMCID: PMC6198443 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most cancer cells preferentially express the M2 isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2), PKM2 is dispensable for tumor development in several mouse cancer models. PKM2 is expressed in human pancreatic cancer, and there have been conflicting reports on the association of PKM2 expression and pancreatic cancer patient survival, but whether PKM2 is required for pancreatic cancer progression is unknown. To investigate the role of PKM2 in pancreatic cancer, we used a conditional allele to delete PKM2 in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). RESULTS PDAC tumors were initiated in LSL-Kras G12D/+ ;Trp53 flox/flox ;Pdx-1-Cre (KP-/-C) mice harboring a conditional Pkm2 allele. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PKM2 expression in wild-type tumors and loss of PKM2 expression in tumors from Pkm2 conditional mice. PKM2 deletion had no effect on overall survival or tumor size. Loss of PKM2 resulted in pyruvate kinase M1 (PKM1) expression, but did not affect the number of proliferating cells. These findings are consistent with results in other cancer models. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 is not required for initiation or growth of PDAC tumors arising in the KP-/-C pancreatic cancer model. These findings suggest that, in this mouse PDAC model, PKM2 expression is not required for pancreatic tumor formation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissandra L Hillis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Camille X Devoe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Talya L Dayton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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13
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Yokoyama M, Tanuma N, Shibuya R, Shiroki T, Abue M, Yamamoto K, Miura K, Yamaguchi K, Sato I, Tamai K, Satoh K. Pyruvate kinase type M2 contributes to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by regulating the production of metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:881-891. [PMID: 29393401 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer cells maintain a high glycolytic activity and an increased lactate production, even in a well oxygenated environment. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. Previous studies have revealed that various types of cancer selectively express the pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), and that PKM2 plays a pivotal role in the Warburg effect. Although elevated PKM2 levels have been observed in pancreatic cancer and other types of cancer, little is known about the biological function of PKM2. In this study, in order to examine the expression and role of PKM2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we knocked down PKM2 in PDAC cells by introducing small interfering and short hairpin RNAs, and examined the gene expression profiles in the cells by microarray analysis. We analyzed the energy-producing pathways in the cells by XFe Extracellular Flux Analyzers, and detected intracellular metabolites by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We found that the RNAi-mediated knockdown of PKM2 diminished the proliferative, migratory and tumorigenic ability of the PDAC cell-lines. PKM2 knockdown also resulted in lower glycolytic activities and decreased levels of some intracellular metabolites, such as pyruvate and polyamine; however, it led to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Microarray analysis revealed the functional association between PKM2 and the expression of genes that drive the cell cycle. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that PKM2 plays an important role in metabolic activities, as well as in the malignancy of PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Yokoyama
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanuma
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Rie Shibuya
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Takeharu Shiroki
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Makoto Abue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Kuniharu Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Koh Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tamai
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Kennichi Satoh
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
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Hsu MC, Hung WC. Pyruvate kinase M2 fuels multiple aspects of cancer cells: from cellular metabolism, transcriptional regulation to extracellular signaling. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:35. [PMID: 29455645 PMCID: PMC5817853 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP in the glycolytic pathway, pyruvate kinase M2-type (PKM2) has been shown to exhibit novel biological activities in the nucleus and outside the cells. Although cell-based studies reveal new non-canonical functions of PKM2 in gene transcription, epigenetic modulation and cell cycle progression, the importance of these non-canonical functions in PKM2-mediated tumorigenesis is still under debate because studies in genetically modified mice do not consistently echo the findings observed in cultured cancer cells. In addition to regulation of gene expression, the existence of PKM2 in exosomes opens a new venue to study the potential role of this glycolytic enzyme in cell-cell communication and extracellular signal initiation. In this review, we briefly summarize current understanding of PKM2 in metabolic switch and gene regulation. We will then emphasize recent progress of PKM2 in extracellular signaling and tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Finally, the discrepancy of some PKM2’s functions in vitro and in vivo, and the application of PKM2 in cancer detection and treatment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhu H, Luo H, Zhu X, Hu X, Zheng L, Zhu X. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression correlates with prognosis in solid cancers: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1628-1640. [PMID: 27911861 PMCID: PMC5352083 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is the key enzyme in the Warburg effect and plays a central role in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. Recently, quite a few studies have investigated the correlation between PKM2 expression and prognosis in multiple cancer patients, but results were inconsistent. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to explore the prognostic value of PKM2 expression in patients with solid cancer. Here twenty-seven individual studies from 25 publications with a total of 4796 cases were included to explore the association between PKM2 and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS)/ progression-free survival (PFS)/ recurrent-free survival (RFS) in subjects with solid cancer. Pooled analysis showed that high levels of PKM2 was significantly associated with a poorer overall survival (HR = 1.73; 95%CI = 1.48-2.03) and DFS/ PFS/ RFS (HR = 1.90; 95%CI = 1.39-2.59) irrespective of cancer types. Different analysis models (univariate or multivariate models), sample-sizes (≤100 or >100), and methods for data collection (direct extraction or indirect extraction) had no impact on the negative prognostic effect of PKM2 over-expression. Nevertheless, stratified by cancer type, high-expression of PKM2 was associated with an unfavorable OS in breast cancer, esophageal squamous carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and gallbladder cancer; whereas was not correlated with a worse OS in pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer. In conclusion, over-expression of PKM2 is associated with poor prognosis in most solid cancers and it might be a potentially useful biomarker for predicting cancer prognosis in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xuejie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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16
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Pyruvate kinase M2 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis through phosphorylation and stabilization of PAK2 protein. Oncogene 2018; 37:1730-1742. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Yang P, Ding GB, Liu W, Fu R, Sajid A, Li Z. Tannic acid directly targets pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 to attenuate colon cancer cell proliferation. Food Funct 2018; 9:5547-5559. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid, which ubiquitously exists in grapes and green tea, binds to K433 to trigger dissociation of PKM2 tetramers and further block the metabolic activity of PKM2 to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Amin Sajid
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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18
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Yang Y, Wu K, Liu Y, Shi L, Tao K, Wang G. Prognostic significance of metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8690. [PMID: 29145305 PMCID: PMC5704850 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Numerous studies have reported that aberrant pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) expressed in cancer, indicating that PKM2 plays a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, its prognostic value in breast cancer tumor is yet contentious. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic significance of PKM2 in breast cancer. METHODS Eligible relevant literatures were retrieved by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase through December 2016. Articles that comparing different PKM2 expression levels in human breast cancer tissues and prognostic significance were included. Software RevMan 5.3 and STATA (Review Manager (RevMan): [Computer program]. Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014. STATA StataCorp. 2011. Stata Statistical Software: Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP) were applied to analyze the outcomes. Pooled results were presented in hazardous ratios (HRs) of 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and odds ratios (ORs) of clinicopathological features with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Data from 6 involved studies with 895 patients were summarized. Breast cancer patients with high PKM2 had a worse OS (pooled HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31-2.08, P < .001) and PFS (pooled HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.84-3.36, P < .00001). High PKM2 expression is related to lymph node metastasis (N1+N2+N3 vs N0, OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.39-2.80, P = .0001). The outcome stability was verified via sensitivity analysis. But elevated PKM2 expression was not correlated to tumor stage (T2+T3 vs T1, pooled OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.36-1.77, P = .58) and differential grade (G2+G3 vs G1, OR = 2.74, 95%CI = 0.76-9.84, P = .12). No publication bias was found in the included studies for OS (Begg test, P = .260; Egger test, P = .747). CONCLUSIONS High PKM2 expression denotes worse OS and PFS in breast cancer patients, and correlate with the lymph node metastasis. However, there is no evidence for the impact of PKM2 expression on T stage and tumor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
| | - Liang Shi
- Laboratory of Laparoscopic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Schorn S, Demir IE, Haller B, Scheufele F, Reyes CM, Tieftrunk E, Sargut M, Goess R, Friess H, Ceyhan GO. The influence of neural invasion on survival and tumor recurrence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:105-115. [PMID: 28317579 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of neural invasion/NI on overall survival/OS and tumor recurrence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma/PDAC. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA NI is a histopathological hallmark of PDAC. Although some studies suggested an important role for NI on OS, disease-free/DFS and progression-free survival/PFS in PDAC, there is still no consensus on the actual role of NI on survival and local recurrence in PDAC. METHODS Pubmed, Cochrane library, Ovid and Google Scholar were screened for the terms "pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma", "pancreatic cancer", "survival", "tumor recurrence" and "perineural invasion". The Preferred-Reporting-Items-for-Systematic-review-and-Meta-Analysis/PRISMA-guidelines were used for systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles meeting predefined criteria were critically analysed on relevance, and meta-analyses were performed by pooling univariate and multivariate hazard ratios/HR. RESULTS A total number of 25 studies on the influence of NI on tumor recurrence, and 121 studies analysing the influence of NI on survival were identified by systematic review. The HR of the univariate (HR 1.88; 95%-CI 1.71-2.07; p < 0.00001) and multivariate meta-analysis (HR 1.68; 95%-CI 1.47-1.92; p < 0.00001) showed a major impact of NI on OS. Likewise, NI was associated with decreased DFS (HR 2.53; 95%-CI: 1.67-3.83; p = 0.0001) and PFS (HR 2.41; 95%-CI: 1.73-3.37: p < 0.00001) multivariate meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although the power of this study is limited by missing pathological procedures to assess the true incidence of NI, NI appears to be an independent prognostic factor for OS, DFS and PFS in PDAC. Therefore, NI should be increasingly considered in patient stratification and in the development of novel therapeutic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schorn
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Scheufele
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Mota Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Tieftrunk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Mine Sargut
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ruediger Goess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp Onur Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
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20
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Wu J, Hu L, Chen M, Cao W, Chen H, He T. Pyruvate kinase M2 overexpression and poor prognosis in solid tumors of digestive system: evidence from 16 cohort studies. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4277-88. [PMID: 27478385 PMCID: PMC4951066 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been linked to tumor formation and invasion. Specifically, the relationship between high PKM2 expression and prognosis has been evaluated in solid tumors of digestive system. However, the prognostic value of PKM2 remains controversial. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted until October 2015. The end point focused on overall survival (OS). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated to correlate PKM2 overexpression with OS and clinicopathological characteristics by employing fixed- or random-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results We identified 18 cohorts in 16 studies involving 2,812 patients for this meta-analysis. Overall, the combined HR for OS in all tumor types was 1.74 (1.44–2.11; P<0.001). When stratified by tumor type, the influence of PKM2 expression on poor prognosis was also found in gastric cancer (HR =1.54 [1.08–2.21], P=0.018), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR =1.71 [1.38–2.12], P<0.001), hepatocellular cancer (HR =1.92 [1.52–2.42], P<0.001), biliary cancer (HR =2.11 [1.50–2.95], P<0.001), and oral cancer (HR =3.49 [1.97–6.18], P<0.001), but not in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (HR =1.03 [0.28–3.76], P=0.968). Furthermore, PKM2 overexpression had a negative effect on the late clinical stage of all tumor types except for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The high density of PKM2 overexpression was significantly associated with some clinical characteristics in different cancer types, such as tumor stage, modal metastasis, and tumor size. Conclusion Our findings revealed significant association of PKM2 overexpression with OS and certain clinicopathological features in solid tumors of digestive system, thereby suggesting that PKM2 might be an indicator of poor prognosis in digestive system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wu
- Nutritional Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Liren Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Manyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Wenjun Cao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Haicong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiping He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
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21
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Mohammad GH, Olde Damink SWM, Malago M, Dhar DK, Pereira SP. Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Lactate Dehydrogenase A Are Overexpressed in Pancreatic Cancer and Correlate with Poor Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151635. [PMID: 26989901 PMCID: PMC4798246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a 5-year survival rate of less than 4%. Despite advances in diagnostic technology, pancreatic cancer continues to be diagnosed at a late and incurable stage. Accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis and to predict treatment response are urgently needed. Since alteration of glucose metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, we proposed that pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2PK) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) enzymes could represent novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. In 266 tissue sections from normal pancreas, pancreatic cystic neoplasms, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and cancer, we evaluated the expression of PKM2, LDHA, Ki-67 and CD8+ by immunohistochemistry and correlated these markers with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. PKM2 and LDHA expression was also assessed by Western blot in 10 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. PKM2 expression increased progressively from cyst through PanIN to cancer, whereas LDHA was overexpressed throughout the carcinogenic process. All but one cell line showed high expression of both proteins. Patients with strong PKM2 and LDHA expression had significantly worse survival than those with weak PKM2 and/or LDHA expression (7.0 months vs. 27.9 months, respectively, p = 0.003, log rank test). The expression of both PKM2 and LDHA correlated directly with Ki-67 expression, and inversely with intratumoral CD8+ cell count. PKM2 was significantly overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumours and both PKM2 and LDHA were overexpressed in larger tumours. Multivariable analysis showed that combined expression of PKM2 and LDHA was an independent poor prognostic marker for survival. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a high expression pattern of two major glycolytic enzymes during pancreatic carcinogenesis, with increased expression in aggressive tumours and a significant adverse effect on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Hamid Mohammad
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - S. W. M. Olde Damink
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Malago
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipok Kumar Dhar
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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