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Takayanagi Y, Kadoh Y, Sasaki J, Obana A, Tanito M. Association between Skin Carotenoid Levels and Cognitive Impairment Screened by Mini-Cog in Patients with Glaucoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6940-6950. [PMID: 39057055 PMCID: PMC11275399 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, having strong antioxidant properties, have been associated with neurodegenerative conditions like dementia and glaucoma, characterized by neuronal loss leading to cognitive and visual dysfunction. Therefore, carotenoids have attracted attention as factors predictive of the onset and progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of carotenoids on cognitive impairment and glaucomatous visual field defects remains unexplored. We conducted a retrospective, observational clinical study to investigate the association between skin carotenoid (SC) levels and cognitive impairment, as screened by the Mini-Cog test, in glaucoma patients. The study included 406 participants and 812 eyes were examined (average age: 69.7 ± 11.4 years; 228 men, 178 women) with various types of glaucoma: primary open angle (57.6%), exfoliation (18.6%), and other types (23.8%). SC levels were estimated via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Mixed-effects regression models were utilized to examine the relationship between SC levels, visual field defects, and Mini-Cog results. Of the participants, 28 (6.9%) tested positive on the Mini-Cog, suggesting cognitive impairment. The average SC level in the Mini-Cog positive group was significantly lower than in the negative group (269.5 ± 86.4 A.U. vs. 329.2 ± 120.4 A.U., respectively; p = 0.01). Additionally, the visual field mean deviation (MD) in the Mini-Cog positive group was notably worse than that in the negative group (-19.64 ± 9.07 dB vs. -12.46 ± 9.28 dB, respectively; p < 0.0001). The mixed-effects regression analysis revealed a significant association between Mini-Cog positivity and lower SC levels (p = 0.0006), although SC levels did not significantly correlate with MD (p = 0.3). Our findings suggest that cognitive impairment in glaucoma patients is associated with lower SC levels, underscoring the potential benefits of maintaining carotenoid levels to slow cognitive function decline. The protective role of carotenoids in glaucoma merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Kadoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
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2
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Nguyen NL, Hoang TX, Kim JY. All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Cell Surface Heat Shock Protein 90 Mediates Tau Protein Internalization and Degradation in Human Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04295-1. [PMID: 38900367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in modulating the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its influence on the uptake and degradation of tau proteins in immortalized human microglia cells. We demonstrate that ATRA significantly upregulates Hsp90 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, enhancing both extracellular and intracellular Hsp90 levels. Our results show that ATRA-treated cells exhibit increased tau protein uptake via caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis pathways. This uptake is mediated by surface Hsp90, as evidenced by the inhibition of tau internalization using an extracellular Hsp90-selective inhibitor. Further, we establish that the exogenously added full-sized monomeric tau proteins bind to Hsp90. The study also reveals that ATRA-enhanced tau uptake is followed by effective degradation through both lysosomal and proteasomal pathways. We observed a significant reduction in intracellular tau levels in ATRA-treated cells, which was reversed by lysosome or proteasome inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of both degradation pathways. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic role of ATRA in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. By enhancing Hsp90 expression and facilitating tau degradation, ATRA could contribute to the clearance of pathological tau proteins, offering a promising strategy for mitigating neurodegeneration. This research underscores the need for further exploration into the molecular mechanisms of tau protein internalization and degradation, which could provide valuable insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Nguyen
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea.
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3
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de Oliveira AP, Chase W, Confer MP, Walker S, Baghel D, Ghosh A. Colocalization of β-Sheets and Carotenoids in Aβ Plaques Revealed with Multimodal Spatially Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:33-44. [PMID: 38124262 PMCID: PMC10851346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid β(Aβ) peptides is at the heart of Alzheimer's disease development and progression. As a result, amyloid aggregates have been studied extensively in vitro, and detailed structural information on fibrillar amyloid aggregates is available. However, forwarding these structural models to amyloid plaques in the human brain is still a major challenge. The chemistry of amyloid plaques, particularly in terms of the protein secondary structure and associated chemical moieties, remains poorly understood. In this report, we use Raman microspectroscopy to identify the presence of carotenoids in amyloid plaques and demonstrate that the abundance of carotenoids is correlated with the overall protein secondary structure of plaques, specifically to the population of β-sheets. While the association of carotenoids with plaques has been previously identified, their correlation with the β structure has never been identified. To further validate these findings, we have used optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, which is a spatially resolved technique that yields complementary infrared contrast to Raman. O-PTIR unequivocally demonstrates the presence of elevated β-sheets in carotenoid-containing plaques and the lack of β structure in noncarotenoid plaques. Our findings underscore the potential link between anti-inflammatory species as carotenoids to specific secondary structural motifs within Aβ plaques and highlight the possible role of chemically distinct plaques in neuroinflammation, which can uncover new mechanistic insights and lead to new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Chase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Matthew P. Confer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Savannah Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Divya Baghel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
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4
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Can B, Sanlier N. Alzheimer, Parkinson, dementia, and phytochemicals: insight review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38189347 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia are the leading neurodegenerative diseases that threaten the world with the aging population. Although the pathophysiology of each disease is unique, the steps to be taken to prevent diseases are similar. One of the changes that a person can make alone is to gain the habit of an antioxidant-rich diet. Phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties have been reported to prevent neurodegenerative diseases in various studies. Phytochemicals with similar chemical structures are grouped. Accordingly, there are two main groups of phytochemicals, flavonoid and non-flavonoid. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on phytochemicals have proven neuroprotective effects by increasing cognitive function with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies on phytochemicals with neuroprotective effects and to provide insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Can
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Twitto-Greenberg R, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Michaelson DM, Liraz O, Lubitz I, Atrakchi-Baranes D, Shemesh C, Ashery U, Cooper I, Harari A, Harats D, Schnaider-Beeri M, Shaish A. 9-cis beta-carotene-enriched diet significantly improved cognition and decreased Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease-like mouse models. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:16-27. [PMID: 38381472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A significant progressive decline in beta-carotene (βC) levels in the brain is associated with cognitive impairment and a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated whether the administration of 9-cis beta-carotene (9CBC)-rich powder of the alga Dunaliella bardawil, the best-known source of βC in nature, inhibits the development of AD-like neuropathology and cognitive deficits. We demonstrated that in 3 AD mouse models, Tg2576, 5xFAD, and apoE4, 9CBC treatment improved long- and short-term memory, decreased neuroinflammation, and reduced the prevalence of β-amyloid plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation. These findings suggest that 9CBC has the potential to be an effective preventive and symptomatic AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Twitto-Greenberg
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Institutes for Health and Medical Professions, Department of Sports Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kyrat-Ono, Israel
| | - Daniel M Michaelson
- The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Liraz
- The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Lubitz
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Chen Shemesh
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- The Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Institutes for Health and Medical Professions, Department of Sports Therapy, Ono Academic College, Kyrat-Ono, Israel
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Be'er-Tuvia Regional Council, Israel.
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6
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Seo Y, Gang G, Kim HK, Kim Y, Kang S, Kim H, Lee SG, Go GW. Effect of MIND diet on cognitive function in elderly: a narrative review with emphasis on bioactive food ingredients. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:297-306. [PMID: 38222909 PMCID: PMC10786772 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As the world becomes a super-aged society, cognitive decline is public health problems that are increasing rapidly. A healthy diet has great potential for maintaining cognitive health. A diet that could delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases has been developed: the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, a hybrid form of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. In this review, the effects of the MIND diet on improving cognitive function, including memory, are summarized. In most studies, the higher the adherence to the MIND diet, the higher the cognitive function evaluation score, and the lower the incidence of dementia. This is because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the major nutritional components of the MIND diet: folate, carotenoids, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Adherence to the MIND diet, containing various bioactive food ingredients, is related to cognitive improvement in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungok Gang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gill Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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7
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Song Y, Cheng F, Du Y, Zheng J, An Y, Lu Y. Higher Adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP Dietary Patterns Is Associated with Better Cognition among Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3974. [PMID: 37764758 PMCID: PMC10535050 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The available evidence regarding the association between adherence to the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns and cognitive performance exhibits inconsistency, and its applicability within the Asian population remains uncertain. The association between adherence to the Chinese Food Pagoda (CHFP) and cognitive function is also unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP different dietary patterns and cognitive function. The study included 3353 Chinese adults aged 55 years and over from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2006. A 24 h dietary recall over three consecutive days was used to collect dietary information. Dietary patterns included AMED, DASH, and CHFP. A subset of items from the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified was used for cognitive screening. Poor cognitive performance was defined as a global cognitive function score < 7. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the association between adherence to the three different dietary patterns and cognitive function. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that there is a negative association between higher adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP and poorer cognitive performance (AMED: OR = 0.594, 95% CI = 0.458-0.771, p < 0.001; DASH: OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.504-0.843, p = 0.001; CHFP: OR = 0.599, 95% CI = 0.417-0.861, p = 0.006). There was a significant interaction between each of the three dietary patterns and residential regions (AMED: p for interaction = 0.045; DASH: p for interaction = 0.003; CHFP: p for interaction < 0.001). Higher adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP dietary patterns was inversely associated with poor cognition in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, particularly among urban residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fangxiao Cheng
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yage Du
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu An
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.)
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8
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Sahin K, Rustemoglu A. Investigation of MIF gene promoter variations and their haplotypes in the Alzheimer disease in Turkish population. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:277-291. [PMID: 37665108 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2253282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain tissue, many components such as acute phase proteins, cytokines, and proteases contribute to the progression of the disease or are part of the pathological process. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene encodes a cytokine, which is secreted by lymphocytes, and has a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study to investigate the association between Alzheimer disease and MIF gene promoter polymorphisms. The 205 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and 130 age-sex matched healthy individuals were investigated in terms of MIF -173 G/C and MIF -794 CATT polymorphisms. The genotyping of MIF -173 G/C was determined using the RT-PCR method. MIF-794 CATT polymorphism was analyzed using PCR and DNA Sequencing. In terms of binary genotypes and haplotypes, the 5/5-GC (p = 0.004), 6/7-GG (p = 0.02) and, 6/6-GG (p = 0.026) binary genotypes, and 5-C (p = 0.003), 7-G (p = 0.026) and 6-G (p = 0.025) haplotypes were differed significantly between the patients and the controls. This is the first study investigating the relationship between AD and MIF in terms of different genotypes, haplotypes and, alleles. The fact that the binary genotype and allele distributions are significantly different between the patient and control group, suggests that this MIF variants may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Aydın Rustemoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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9
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Popov AM, Kozlovskaya EP, Klimovich AA, Rutckova TA, Vakhrushev AI, Hushpulian DM, Gazaryan IG, Makhankov VV, Son OM, Tekutyeva LA. Carotenoids from Starfish Patiria pectinifera: Therapeutic Activity in Models of Inflammatory Diseases. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:470. [PMID: 37755083 PMCID: PMC10533026 DOI: 10.3390/md21090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotenoids mixture (MC) isolated from the starfish Patiria. pectinifera contains more than 50% astaxanthin, 4-6% each zeaxanthine and lutein, and less pharmacologically active components such as free fatty acids and their glycerides. Astaxanthin, the major component of MC, belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, and is well known for its antioxidant properties. In this work, in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological activity of MC were carried out. The complex was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and cancer-preventive activity, without any toxicity at a dose of 500 mg/kg. MC effectively improves the clinical picture of the disease progressing, as well as normalizing the cytokine profile and the antioxidant defense system in the in vivo animal models of inflammatory diseases, namely: skin carcinogenesis, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and systemic inflammation (SI). In the skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, the incidence of papillomas was decreased 1.5 times; 1% MC ointment form in allergic contact dermatitis showed an 80% reduced severity of pathomorphological skin manifestations. Obtained results show that MC from starfish P. pectinifera is an effective remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr M. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Emma P. Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Anna A. Klimovich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Tatyana A. Rutckova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Aleksey I. Vakhrushev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Dmitry M. Hushpulian
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.M.H.); (I.G.G.)
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow 1190721, Russia
| | - Irina G. Gazaryan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.M.H.); (I.G.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Art and Sciences, Pace University, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V. Makhankov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Oksana M. Son
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Volno-Nadezhdinskoye 692481, Russia
| | - Liudmila A. Tekutyeva
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Volno-Nadezhdinskoye 692481, Russia
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10
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Liuzzi GM, Petraglia T, Latronico T, Crescenzi A, Rossano R. Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081913. [PMID: 37111131 PMCID: PMC10145943 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has seen an increase in our life expectancy. As a result, various age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), have emerged, representing new challenges to society. Oxidative stress (OS), a condition of redox imbalance resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species, represents a common feature that characterizes the brains of elderly people, thus contributing to NDs. Consequently, antioxidant supplementation or dietary intake of antioxidant-containing foods could represent an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention to maintain the integrity and survival of neurons and to counteract the neurodegenerative pathologies associated with aging. Food contains numerous bioactive molecules with beneficial actions for human health. To this purpose, a wide range of edible mushrooms have been reported to produce different antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, ergothioneine, and others, which might be used for dietary supplementation to enhance antioxidant defenses and, consequently, the prevention of age-related neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative stress in age-related NDs, focusing on the current knowledge of the antioxidant compounds present in edible mushrooms, and highlighting their potential to preserve healthy aging by counteracting age-associated NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tania Petraglia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Aniello Crescenzi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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11
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030676. [PMID: 36978923 PMCID: PMC10045512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. This review article’s methodologies were based on a search of the PubMed database for all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, and olive oil may prevent the development of depression. Antioxidant supplementation has been found to combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. A growing body of evidence indicates that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest that poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes of fruit and vegetables and high intakes of fast food and other convenience foods, may increase the risk of developing depression. Thus, dietary interventions have the potential to help mitigate the risk of mental health decline in both the general population and those with mood disorders. Considering that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is expected that they might exert a promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further studies (including interventional and mechanistic studies) assessing the effect of carotenoids on preventing and alleviating depression symptoms are needed.
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12
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Intranasal Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Marine Sources to Manage Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sources contain several bioactive compounds with high therapeutic potential, such as remarkable antioxidant activity that can reduce oxidative stress related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, there has been a growing interest in these natural sources, especially those resulting from the processing of marine organisms (i.e., marine bio-waste), to obtain natural antioxidants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants in a sustainable approach to promote circularity by recovering and creating value from these bio-wastes. However, despite their expected potential to prevent, delay, or treat neurodegenerative diseases, antioxidant compounds may have difficulty reaching the brain due to the need to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this regard, alternative delivery systems administered by different routes have been proposed, including intranasal administration of lipid nanoparticles, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which have shown promising results. Intranasal administration shows several advantages, including the fact that molecules do not need to cross the BBB to reach the central nervous system (CNS), as they can be transported directly from the nasal cavity to the brain (i.e., nose-to-brain transport). The benefits of using SLN and NLC for intranasal delivery of natural bioactive compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have shown relevant outcomes through in vitro and in vivo studies. Noteworthy, for bioactive compounds obtained from marine bio-waste, few studies have been reported, showing the open potential of this research area. This review updates the state of the art of using SLN and NLC to transport bioactive compounds from different sources, in particular, those obtained from marine bio-waste, and their potential application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Metibemu DS, Ogungbe IV. Carotenoids in Drug Discovery and Medicine: Pathways and Molecular Targets Implicated in Human Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:6005. [PMID: 36144741 PMCID: PMC9503763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid-derived natural products produced in plants, algae, fungi, and photosynthetic bacteria. Most animals cannot synthesize carotenoids because the biosynthetic machinery to create carotenoids de novo is absent in animals, except arthropods. Carotenoids are biosynthesized from two C20 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) molecules made from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) route. Carotenoids can be extracted by a variety of methods, including maceration, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Carotenoids have been reported to exert various biochemical actions, including the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2, SAPK/JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Nrf2/Keap1, and NF-κB signaling pathways and the ability to increase cholesterol efflux to HDL. Carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine. A handful of carotenoids and carotenoid-based compounds are in clinical trials, while some are currently used as medicines. The application of metabolic engineering techniques for carotenoid production, whole-genome sequencing, and the use of plants as cell factories to produce specialty carotenoids presents a promising future for carotenoid research. In this review, we discussed the biosynthesis and extraction of carotenoids, the roles of carotenoids in human health, the metabolism of carotenoids, and carotenoids as a source of drugs and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217-0095, USA
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14
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Nolan JM, Power R, Howard AN, Bergin P, Roche W, Prado-Cabrero A, Pope G, Cooke J, Power T, Mulcahy R. Supplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:233-249. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Preliminary work by our center has reported behavior and functional benefits in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) following targeted micronutritional supplementation. Objective: To build on the existing exploratory research and investigate the impact of these micronutrients on the natural progression of AD in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients with mild-moderate AD consumed daily 1 g fish oil (of which 500 mg DHA, 150 mg EPA), 22 mg carotenoids (10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin, 2 mg zeaxanthin), and 15 mg vitamin E or placebo for 12 months in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Carotenoids, ω-3FAs, and vitamin E were quantified in blood. Carotenoids were also measured in skin. AD severity was measured using the mini-mental state examination and dementia severity rating scale tools. Behavior, mood, and memory were measured using an informant-based questionnaire. Results: Following 12 months of supplementation, the active group (n = 50) compared to the placebo group (n = 27), demonstrated statistically significant improvements in skin carotenoid measurements, blood carotenoids, ω-3FAs, and vitamin E concentrations (p < 0.05, for all). The active group also performed better in objective measures of AD severity (i.e., memory and mood), with a statistically significant difference reported in the clinical collateral for memory (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Exponential increases in the prevalence of AD and its relentless progressive nature is driving the need for interventions that help to ameliorate symptoms and improve quality of life in AD patients. Given the positive outcomes demonstrated in this trial, this combined micronutrient dietary supplement should be considered in the overall management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Paula Bergin
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Warren Roche
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - George Pope
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Cooke
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tommy Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ríona Mulcahy
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Saint Peter’s, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
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Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137273. [PMID: 35806275 PMCID: PMC9266760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies demonstrate the shared characteristics of high bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, chronic/persistent inflammation, glycation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Excessive ROS production results in nucleic acid and protein destruction, thereby altering the cellular structure and functional outcome. To stabilise increased ROS production and modulate oxidative stress, the human body produces antioxidants, “free radical scavengers”, that inhibit or delay cell damage. Reinforcing the antioxidant defence system and/or counteracting the deleterious repercussions of immoderate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is critical and may curb the progression of ageing and chronic degenerative syndromes. Various therapeutic methods for ROS and oxidative stress reduction have been developed. However, scientific investigations are required to assess their efficacy. In this review, we summarise the interconnected mechanism of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation that contributes to ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), cardiovascular diseases CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also highlight potential counteractive measures to combat ageing and chronic degenerative diseases.
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17
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Cornea-Cipcigan M, Bunea A, Bouari CM, Pamfil D, Páll E, Urcan AC, Mărgăoan R. Anthocyanins and Carotenoids Characterization in Flowers and Leaves of Cyclamen Genotypes Linked with Bioactivities Using Multivariate Analysis Techniques. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061126. [PMID: 35740023 PMCID: PMC9220265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare in vitro antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)), antimicrobial, anticancer activities, and the individual carotenoids and anthocyanins content of methanol extracts of the Cyclamen genotypes: Persian cyclamen accessions (Cyclamen persicum Mill.), sowbread (C. mirabile Hildebr.), and ivy-leaved cyclamen (C. hederifolium Mill.) aerial parts. The HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of five individual carotenoids (i.e., neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, and cis-β-carotene) as the main compounds in Cyclamen leaves, and the presence of seven individual anthocycanins (i.e., cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside, peonidin-rutinoside, peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside, and malvidin-rutinoside) in Cyclamen flowers reported, hereby, for the first time. The highest phenolic content was found in the leaves of LC6, C. mirabile (46.32 ± 0.14 mg/g gallic acid equivalents [GAE]), and in the flowers of C. persicum Merengue Magenta (FC15) (58.63 ± 0.17 mg/g GAE), whereas the highest flavonoid content was reported in C. persicum Halios Falbala leaves, namely LC9 (54.90 ± 0.27 mg/g quercetin equivalents [QE]) and in flowers of C. persicum Victora (FC2) (77.87 ± 0.25 mg/g QE). The highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays was reported in C. persicum Dark Violet (LC1) and Victoria (LC2), whereas C. mirabile (LC6) had the highest activity in the TEAC assay. In flowers, high antioxidant activities in DPPH and TEAC were noticed in C. persicum Superserie Red (FC7) and Dark Violet (FC1), respectively, and Halios Falbala (FC9) exhibited the highest activity in the TEAC assay. Additionally, FC9 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity in almost all tested bacteria compared with the leaves extracts. Furthermore, the highest in vitro citotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells was noticed in C. hederifolium LC18 (56.71-69.35%) and FC18 (40.07-41.43%), with a lower effect against BJ cells demonstrating selective toxicity. The above findings, highlight the potential use of the Cyclamen flower and leaf extracts as significant anticancer agents along with their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaiela Cornea-Cipcigan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andrea Bunea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cosmina Maria Bouari
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Doru Pamfil
- Research Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture Affiliated to Romanian Academy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Emőke Páll
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Cristina Urcan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Rodica Mărgăoan
- Laboratory of Cell Analysis and Spectrometry, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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18
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Technologies for Solubility, Dissolution and Permeation Enhancement of Natural Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060653. [PMID: 35745572 PMCID: PMC9227247 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review is based on the advancements in the field of natural therapeutic agents which could be utilized for a variety of biomedical applications and against various diseases and ailments. In addition, several obstacles have to be circumvented to achieve the desired therapeutic effectiveness, among which limited dissolution and/or solubility and permeability are included. To counteract these issues, several advancements in the field of natural therapeutic substances needed to be addressed. Therefore, in this review, the possible techniques for the dissolution/solubility and permeability improvements have been addressed which could enhance the dissolution and permeability up to several times. In addition, the conventional and modern isolation and purification techniques have been emphasized to achieve the isolation and purification of single or multiple therapeutic constituents with convenience and smarter approaches. Moreover, a brief overview of advanced natural compounds with multiple therapeutic effectiveness have also been anticipated. In brief, enough advancements have been carried out to achieve safe, effective and economic use of natural medicinal agents with improved stability, handling and storage.
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19
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Carota AG, Campanella B, Del Carratore R, Bongioanni P, Giannelli R, Legnaioli S. Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis as potential tool to follow Alzheimer's disease progression. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4667-4675. [PMID: 35587826 PMCID: PMC9117601 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an emerging tool in the research and diagnosis of different diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. In this work, blood serum samples collected from healthy controls and dementia patients were analysed by Raman spectroscopy to develop a classification model for the diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer’s type (DAT). Raman spectra were processed by means of multivariate tools for multivariate analysis. Lower concentration levels of carotenoids were detected in blood serum from patients, which allowed for a good discrimination with respect to controls, such as 93% of correct predictions on the test set with random forest. We also hypothesize that carotenoid levels might be informative about the severity and progression of the disease, since the intensity of carotenoid signals decreased from the early stage to more severe patients. These encouraging results suggest the possibility to use Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of alternative biofluids (e.g. saliva) and the unobtrusive diagnosis of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gilda Carota
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bongioanni
- Spinal Cord Injuries Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Giannelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Research, IFC-CNR-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Legnaioli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR-Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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20
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Olaniran AF, Taiwo AE, Bamidele OP, Iranloye YM, Malomo AA, Olaniran OD. The role of nutraceutical fruit drink on neurodegenerative diseases: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Folakemi Olaniran
- Landmark University SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production Group) Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Agriculture Landmark University P.M.B. 1001 Omu‐Aran Kwara State Nigeria
| | - Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo
- Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Landmark University PMB 1001 Omu Aran Nigeria
| | | | - Yetunde Mary Iranloye
- Landmark University SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production Group) Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Agriculture Landmark University P.M.B. 1001 Omu‐Aran Kwara State Nigeria
| | - Adekunbi Adetola Malomo
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Technology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile‐Ife Nigeria
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21
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Can dietary patterns prevent cognitive impairment and reduce Alzheimer's disease risk: exploring the underlying mechanisms of effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104556. [PMID: 35122783 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the fastest growing cognitive decline-related neurological diseases. To date, effective curative strategies have remained elusive. A growing body of evidence indicates that dietary patterns have significant effects on cognitive function and the risk of developing AD. Previous studies on the association between diet and AD risk have mainly focused on individual food components and specific nutrients, and the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of dietary patterns on AD are not well understood. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurological delay (MIND), ketogenic diet, caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, methionine restriction, and low-protein and high-carbohydrate diet, on cognitive impairment and summarizes the underlying mechanisms by which dietary patterns attenuate cognitive impairment, especially highlighting the modulation of dietary patterns on cognitive impairment through gut microbiota. Furthermore, considering the variability in individual metabolic responses to dietary intake, we put forward a framework to develop personalized dietary patterns for people with cognitive disorders or AD based on individual gut microbiome compositions.
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22
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Kabir MT, Rahman MH, Shah M, Jamiruddin MR, Basak D, Al-Harrasi A, Bhatia S, Ashraf GM, Najda A, El-Kott AF, Mohamed HRH, Al-Malky HS, Germoush MO, Altyar AE, Alwafai EB, Ghaboura N, Abdel-Daim MM. Therapeutic promise of carotenoids as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112610. [PMID: 35062074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis have various disease-specific causal factors and pathological features. A very common characteristic of NDs is oxidative stress (OS), which takes place due to the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species during the progression of NDs. Furthermore, the pathological condition of NDs including an increased level of protein aggregates can further lead to chronic inflammation because of the microglial activation. Carotenoids (CTs) are naturally occurring pigments that play a significant role in averting brain disorders. More than 750 CTs are present in nature, and they are widely available in plants, microorganisms, and animals. CTs are accountable for the red, yellow, and orange pigments in several animals and plants, and these colors usually indicate various types of CTs. CTs exert various bioactive properties because of its characteristic structure, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to the protective properties of CTs, levels of CTs in the human body have been markedly linked with the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases including NDs. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs. In addition, we have also particularly focused on the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties of CTs in the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Debasish Basak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa B Alwafai
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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Hernández-Ruiz Á, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ, Carrión-García CJ, Amiano P, Sánchez MJ, Molina-Montes E. Oxidative Balance Scores (OBSs) Integrating Nutrient, Food and Lifestyle Dimensions: Development of the NutrientL-OBS and FoodL-OBS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020300. [PMID: 35204183 PMCID: PMC8868253 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative Balance Scores (OBS) are tools that allow us to assess the individual’s antioxidant state by ranking both antioxidant and pro-oxidant components of dietary and lifestyle factors. Our aim was to develop novel OBSs accounting for either the global supply of nutrient antioxidants in the diet, or the intake of antioxidant-rich foods, in combination with lifestyle factors. Pro-oxidant factors were also considered. Within two centers of the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, EPIC-Granada and EPIC-Gipuzkoa (N = 14,756 participants), we developed the Nurient, Food and Lifestyle OBS (NutrientL-OBS and FoodL-OBS), and their simplified versions (solely with dietary or lifestyle factors, the Nutrient-OBS, Food-OBS and L-OBS). Their antioxidant potential was evaluated considering their relationship with: (i) 20 scores of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD); and, (ii) 25 biomarkers of antioxidant nutrients (ascorbic acid, β-carotene, etc.), inflammation (CRP, TNF-alpha, etc.) and oxidative stress (uric acid), among 210 participants. Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to analyze these associations. Some statistically significant relationships were encountered between the NutrientL-OBS and the FoodL-OBS with the MD scores, and with ascorbic acid (per one-unit increase in OBS: β = 0.012 and 0.015; p = 0.022 and 0.008, respectively) and CRP (per one-unit increase in both OBS: β = −0.02; p = 0.02); the latter appeared to be restricted to the OBS´s lifestyle components. In conclusion, the NutrientL- and FoodL-OBSs and their sub-versions are related to antioxidant-rich dietary patterns and to biomarkers of antioxidant nutrient intake and inflammation, supporting that these tools are valid to assess the individual´s oxidative/antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja S/N, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (E.J.G.-H.); (C.J.C.-G.); (E.M.-M.)
- Nutrition and Food Science Doctorate Program (RD 99/2011), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Belén García-Villanova
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja S/N, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (E.J.G.-H.); (C.J.C.-G.); (E.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243867
| | - Eduardo J. Guerra-Hernández
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja S/N, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (E.J.G.-H.); (C.J.C.-G.); (E.M.-M.)
| | - Cayetano Javier Carrión-García
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja S/N, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (E.J.G.-H.); (C.J.C.-G.); (E.M.-M.)
- Nutrition and Food Science Doctorate Program (RD 99/2011), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 28029 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja S/N, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (E.J.G.-H.); (C.J.C.-G.); (E.M.-M.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Higher fruit and vegetable variety associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older men: a 4-year cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1791-1799. [PMID: 35031888 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have examined the variety in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake with cognitive impairment in older adults. This study examined the associations of variety in fruit, vegetable and combined FV with 4-year incident cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Data was derived from a cohort study among Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years in Hong Kong. At baseline, a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess variety in fruit, vegetable and combined FV. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Community Screening Instrument of Dementia score of < 29.5 points and/or Mini-Mental State Examination score of < 27 points. Adjusted multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the associations. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of the 1518 participants [median age: 70 years (IQR 68-74), 32.7% women] included at baseline, 300 men and 111 women were newly identified as cognitively impaired at the 4-year follow-up. In men, higher variety in vegetable (adjusted OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, p = 0.029) and combined FV (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.98, p = 0.039) were significantly associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. Fruit variety was not associated with cognitive impairment. In women, there were no associations between variety in fruit, vegetable and combined FV with cognitive impairment in the adjusted model. CONCLUSION Independent of FV quantity, higher variety in vegetable and combined FV were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults, and these associations were only observed in men.
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Khorani M, Bobe G, Matthews DG, Magana AA, Caruso M, Gray NE, Quinn JF, Stevens JF, Soumyanath A, Maier CS. The Impact of the hAPP695SW Transgene and Associated Amyloid-β Accumulation on Murine Hippocampal Biochemical Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1601-1619. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain. Objective: Gain a better insight into alterations in major biochemical pathways underlying AD. Methods: We compared metabolomic profiles of hippocampal tissue of 20-month-old female Tg2576 mice expressing the familial AD-associated hAPP695SW transgene with their 20-month-old wild type female littermates. Results: The hAPP695SW transgene causes overproduction and accumulation of Aβ in the brain. Out of 180 annotated metabolites, 54 metabolites differed (30 higher and 24 lower in Tg2576 versus wild-type hippocampal tissue) and were linked to the amino acid, nucleic acid, glycerophospholipid, ceramide, and fatty acid metabolism. Our results point to 1) heightened metabolic activity as indicated by higher levels of urea, enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, and lower fatty acid levels; 2) enhanced redox regulation; and 3) an imbalance of neuro-excitatory and neuro-inhibitory metabolites in hippocampal tissue of aged hAPP695SW transgenic mice. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that dysregulation of multiple metabolic pathways associated with a concomitant shift to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance are contributing mechanisms of AD-related pathology in the Tg2576 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khorani
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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26
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Khan UM, Sevindik M, Zarrabi A, Nami M, Ozdemir B, Kaplan DN, Selamoglu Z, Hasan M, Kumar M, Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J. Lycopene: Food Sources, Biological Activities, and Human Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2713511. [PMID: 34840666 PMCID: PMC8626194 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2713511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an antioxidant, lycopene has acquired importance as it prevents autoxidation of fats and related products. Tomatoes are an important agricultural product that is a great source of lycopene. It contains many vitamins and minerals, fiber, and carbohydrates and is associated with various positive effects on health. The antioxidant potential of tomatoes is substantially explained with lycopene compounds. Diet is a major risk factor for heart diseases which is shown as the most important cause of death in the world. It has been observed that the lycopene taken in the diet has positive effects in many stages of atherosclerosis. The serum lipid levels, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, blood pressure, and antioxidative potential are mainly affected by lycopene. These natural antioxidants, which can also enhance the nutritional value of foods, may lead to new ways if used in food preservation. In this review study, the antioxidant potential and cardiovascular protection mechanism of lycopene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mir Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Sevindik
- Bahçe Vocational High School, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80500 Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Betul Ozdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Dilara Nur Kaplan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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27
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Nakashima Y, Gotoh K, Mizuguchi S, Setoyama D, Takata Y, Kanno T, Kang D. Attenuating Effect of Chlorella Extract on NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763492. [PMID: 34692754 PMCID: PMC8531207 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human diseases. Although many drugs and inhibitors have been developed to treat NLRP3-associated diseases, only limited clinical data support their efficacy and safety. Chlorella, a unicellular green alga that is widely and safely used as a food supplement, contains various antioxidants. In this study, we obtained a fat-soluble extract from Chlorella (CE) and demonstrated that it reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and caspase-1 activation. In addition, CE supplementation attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1β transcription through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in vitro and in vivo. As Chlorella is a safe and useful food supplement, it may be a practical pharmacological approach for treating NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Research and Development, Chlorella Industry Co., Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichi Mizuguchi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yurie Takata
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kanno
- Department of Research and Development, Chlorella Industry Co., Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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29
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Dorman G, Flores I, Gutiérrez C, Castaño RF, Aldecoa M, Kim L. Medicinal herbs and nutritional supplements for dementia therapy: potential therapeutic targets and clinical evidence. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:26-51. [PMID: 34370647 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spices and herbs have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. Also, in the last decades, the use of different nutritional supplements has been implemented to treat all kinds of diseases, including those that present an alteration in cognitive functioning. Dementia is a clinical syndrome in which a person's mental and cognitive capacities gradually decline. As the disease progresses, the person's autonomy diminishes. As there is not an effective treatment to prevent progressive deterioration in many of these pathologies, nutritional interventions have been, and still are, one of the most widely explored therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we have discussed a great number of potentially interesting plants, nutritional derivatives and probiotics for the treatment of dementia around the world. Their action mechanisms generally involve neuroprotective effects via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, b-amyloid and tau anti-aggregate actions; brain blood flow improvement, and effects on synaptic cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which may optimize cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. As for their efficacy in patients with cognitive impairment and/or dementias, evidence is still scarce and/or their outcomes are controversial. We consider that many of these substances have promising therapeutic properties. Therefore, the scientific community has to continue with a more complete research focused on both identifying possible action mechanisms and carrying out clinical trials, preferably randomized double-blind ones, with a greater number of patients, a long-term follow-up, dose standardization and the use of current diagnosis criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Dorman
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro Foundation Hospital. Argentina
| | | | | | - Mayra Aldecoa
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
| | - Leandro Kim
- Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejia Hospital. Argentina
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30
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Alonso-Garrido M, Frangiamone M, Font G, Cimbalo A, Manyes L. In vitro blood brain barrier exposure to mycotoxins and carotenoids pumpkin extract alters mitochondrial gene expression and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112261. [PMID: 34015425 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food and feed are daily exposed to mycotoxin contamination which effects may be counteracted by antioxidants like carotenoids. Some mycotoxins as well as carotenoids penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) inducing alterations related to redox balance in the mitochondria. Therefore, the in vitro BBB model ECV304 was subcultured for 7 days and exposed to beauvericine, enniatins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone (100 nM each), individually and combined, and pumpkin extract (500 nM). Reactive oxygen species were measured by fluorescence using the dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe at 0 h, 2 h and 4 h. Intracellular ROS generation reported was condition dependent. RNA extraction was performed and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR after 2 h exposure. The selected genes were related to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and mitochondrial activity. Gene expression reported upregulation for exposures including mycotoxins plus pumpkin extract versus individual mycotoxins. Beauvericin and Beauvericin-Enniatins exposure significantly downregulated Complex I and pumpkin addition reverted the effect upregulating Complex I. Complex IV was the most downregulated structure of the ETC. Thioredoxin Interacting Protein was the most upregulated gene. These data confirm that mitochondrial processes in the BBB could be compromised by mycotoxin exposure and damage could be modulated by dietary antioxidants like carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alonso-Garrido
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - G Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - A Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - L Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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Samuelsson J, Kern S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rothenberg E, Wallengren O, Skoog I, Zettergren A. A Western-style dietary pattern is associated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels for preclinical Alzheimer's disease-A population-based cross-sectional study among 70-year-olds. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12183. [PMID: 34027029 PMCID: PMC8129853 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet may be a modifiable factor for reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Western-style dietary patterns are considered to increase the risk, whereas Mediterranean-style dietary patterns are considered to reduce the risk. An association between diet and AD-related biomarkers have been suggested, but studies are limited. AIM To investigate potential relations between dietary patterns and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for AD among dementia-free older adults. METHODS Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, Sweden. A total of 269 dementia-free 70-year-olds with dietary and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ42 and Aβ40), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) data were investigated. Dietary intake was determined by the diet history method, and four dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. A Western dietary pattern, a Mediterranean/prudent dietary pattern, a high-protein and alcohol pattern, and a high-total and saturated fat pattern. Logistic regression models, with CSF biomarker pathology (yes/no) as dependent variables, and linear regression models with continuous CSF biomarker levels as dependent variables were performed. The analyses were adjusted for sex, energy intake, body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity level. RESULTS The odds ratio for having total tau pathology (odds ratio [OR] 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.01) and preclinical AD (Aβ42 and tau pathology; OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.10) was higher among those with a higher adherence to a Western dietary pattern. There were no other associations between the dietary patterns and CSF biomarkers that remained significant in both unadjusted and adjusted models. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that higher adherence to a Western dietary pattern may be associated with pathological levels of AD biomarkers in the preclinical phase of AD. These findings can be added to the increasing amount of evidence linking diet with AD and may be useful for future intervention studies investigating dietary intake in relation to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Samuelsson
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | - Ola Wallengren
- Clinical Nutrition UnitSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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32
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Evaluation of Storage and Freezing, Baking, and Boiling Treatments on Total Carotenoids Content in the Fruits of Selected Cucurbita moschata Duch. Varieties. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5584652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbita moschata Duch. is a seasonal crop, appreciated for its nutrimental and bioactive components especially carotenoids. From the whole edible plant, fruit is most often consumed which can be stored and also processed. Six varieties—Liscia, Matilda, Orange, Serpentine, UG 205 F1, and Waltham—of Cucurbita moschata Duch. were investigated, in order to analyze and evaluate the changes in total carotenoids content in the pulp during storage and after the effect of heat treatments—freezing, baking, and cooking (water boiling). The average total carotenoids content ranged from 3.32 mg/100 g (Serpentine) to 9.35 mg/100 g fresh matter (FM) (Orange). After 60 days of storage, a slight increase in the total carotenoids content of all analyzed varieties was observed. The values of the monitored varieties ranged from 4.18 mg/100 g FM (Serpentine), which represents a 26% increase to 10.96 mg/100 g FM (Orange), where a 17% increase was observed. After 120 days of storage, the results were mixed. In some varieties (Liscia and Matilda), the total carotenoid content decreased, while in the varieties Serpentine, UG 205 F1, and Waltham, its content increased slightly (11%, 3%, and 11%), but the content of the Orange variety remained unchanged. The total carotenoids increment after 60 and 120 days of storage in the dry matter (DM) was statistically significant, as well as the effect of the variety. The total carotenoid content of cooked samples of all varieties increased, from 119.78 mg/100 g DM (Waltham) to 255.19 mg/100 g DM (Orange). After baking, an average of 12% increase in the total content of carotenoids was recorded, after freezing, a decrease in its level of 5% was indicated. The findings of this work show that Cucurbita moschata Duch. is a good source of carotenoids, even after several weeks of storage and after exposure to heat treatments.
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Potential therapeutic natural products against Alzheimer's disease with Reference of Acetylcholinesterase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111609. [PMID: 33915501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most common type of dementia primarily affecting the later years of life. Its prevalence is likely to increase in any aging population and will be a major burden on healthcare system by the mid of the century. Despite scientific and technological breakthroughs in the last 50 years, that have expanded our understanding of the disease on a system, cellular and molecular level, therapies that could stop or slow the progression of the disease are still unavailable. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has approved acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, tacrine and rivastigmine) and glutamate receptor antagonist (memantine) for the treatment of AD. In this review we summarize the studies reporting phytocompounds and extracts from medicinal plants that show AChE inhibitory activities and could be of potential benefit in AD. Future research directions are suggested and recommendations made to expand the use of medicinal plants and their formulations to prevent, mitigate and treat AD.
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Multimodal, label-free fluorescence and Raman imaging of amyloid deposits in snap-frozen Alzheimer's disease human brain tissue. Commun Biol 2021; 4:474. [PMID: 33859370 PMCID: PMC8050064 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology is characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau containing neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Normally these hallmarks are studied by (immuno-) histological techniques requiring chemical pretreatment and indirect labelling. Label-free imaging enables one to visualize normal tissue and pathology in its native form. Therefore, these techniques could contribute to a better understanding of the disease. Here, we present a comprehensive study of high-resolution fluorescence imaging (before and after staining) and spectroscopic modalities (Raman mapping under pre-resonance conditions and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)) of amyloid deposits in snap-frozen AD human brain tissue. We performed fluorescence and spectroscopic imaging and subsequent thioflavin-S staining of the same tissue slices to provide direct confirmation of plaque location and correlation of spectroscopic biomarkers with plaque morphology; differences were observed between cored and fibrillar plaques. The SRS results showed a protein peak shift towards the β-sheet structure in cored amyloid deposits. In the Raman maps recorded with 532 nm excitation we identified the presence of carotenoids as a unique marker to differentiate between a cored amyloid plaque area versus a non-plaque area without prior knowledge of their location. The observed presence of carotenoids suggests a distinct neuroinflammatory response to misfolded protein accumulations.
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Nutritional, Phytochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Effect on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Lipase, and Cholinesterase Activities of 12 Coloured Carrot Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040808. [PMID: 33918549 PMCID: PMC8070462 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve carrot varieties with different colours (purple, orange, yellow, and white) and sizes (normal, mini, and micro) were analysed for prospective health benefits (activities against diabetes-, obesity-, and aging- related enzymes-α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, acetylocholinesterase, and butyrylocholinesterase, respectively) and nutritional contents (polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls). The conducted studies showed that the highest content of total polyphenols was observed in different sizes of purple carrots. The normal yellow and mini orange carrots demonstrated the highest content of carotenoids. According to the study results, the mini purple carrot showed the highest activities against diabetes-related enzyme (α-glucosidase); furthermore, the highest activities of cholinesterase inhibitors were observed for micro purple carrot. Nevertheless, normal orange carrot exhibited the highest activity against lipase. The results of the present study showed that purple-coloured carrot samples of different sizes (normal, mini, and micro) exhibited attractive nutritional contents. However, their pro-health effects (anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-aging) should not be seen in the inhibition of amylase, glucosidase, lipase, and cholinesterase. Probably the mechanisms of their action are more complex, and the possible health-promoting effect results from the synergy of many compounds, including fibre, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, it would be worth continuing research on different varieties of carrots.
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Carotenoid Extract Derived from Euglena gracilis Overcomes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglia: Role of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3515-3528. [PMID: 33745115 PMCID: PMC8257518 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of microglia results in the increased production and release of a series of inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators, which play essential roles in structural and functional neuronal damage and in the development and progression of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The microalga Euglena gracilis (Euglena), rich in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, has gained increasing attention due to its antimicrobial, anti-viral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of Euglena could exert neuroprotective functions in different neurodegenerative diseases related to inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of Euglena are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether Euglena could attenuate microglia activation and we also studied the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity. Our results showed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of a Euglena acetone extract (EAE) downregulated the mRNA expression levels and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated microglia. EAE also significantly blocked the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit and increased the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB activation were also blocked by EAE in the presence of ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor. Together, these results show that EAE overcomes LPS-induced microglia pro-inflammatory responses through downregulation of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways, although the two pathways seem to get involved in an independent manner.
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Ortiz D, Lawson T, Jarrett R, Ring A, Scoles KL, Hoverman L, Rocheford E, Karcher DM, Rocheford T. Biofortified orange corn increases xanthophyll density and yolk pigmentation in egg yolks from laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101117. [PMID: 34102484 PMCID: PMC8187250 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant breeding has developed corn genotypes with grain higher in levels of carotenoids. Dietary consumption of specific carotenoids by humans has been associated with improved eye health, notably with some protection against age-related macular degeneration. Increasing dietary sources of macular carotenoids in the standard American diet might be accomplished by using high carotenoid Orange Corn in poultry diets to increase macular carotenoid concentrations in egg yolks. Three hundred sixty laying hens (Novogen White) were fed three different diets over 31 days. Each diet had six replicates of 20 hens housed in enrichable colony cages. The only difference was the type of corn included - white, yellow, and orange, in order to assess the impact of each type of corn on egg production, yolk pigmentation, and carotenoid deposition. This study assessed yolk color and carotenoid densities using a portable colorimeter and the DSM YolkFan, and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on eggs from the feeding study and on 43 cartons of 12 eggs commercially available and produced in various production settings: conventional cage, cage-free, cage-free organic, free-range/pasture, and free-range/pasture organic. Yolks from hens fed with the Orange Corn diet produced eggs with higher (P < 0.01) DSM yolk color (6 to 10) and total xanthophylls (23.5 to 35.3 μg/g of egg yolk) compared to the yellow diet (5 to 6 DSM and 12.3 to 17.7 μg/g xanthophylls) and white diet (1 to 2 DSM and 2.5 to 3.0 μg/g xanthophylls). Egg yolks reached a maximum xanthophyll accumulation with the Orange Corn diet (35.3 μg/g of egg yolk) after twelve days of treatment and maintained steady levels at subsequent time points. In general, xanthophyll levels in yolks from the Orange Corn diet were superior (30–61% higher) to any of the commercial egg brands, suggesting that feeding high carotenoid Orange Corn increases xanthophyll density in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Ortiz
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | | | - Rachel Jarrett
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ashley Ring
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kailynn L Scoles
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Darrin M Karcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ratto F, Franchini F, Musicco M, Caruso G, Di Santo SG. A narrative review on the potential of tomato and lycopene for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4970-4981. [PMID: 33577362 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1880363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major factor in aging and is implicated in the pathogenesis of tumors, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer Disease (AD). Bioactive constituents of tomato as polyphenols and carotenoids, among which lycopene (LYC) are effective in reducing markers of oxidative stress, and appear to have a protective modulator role on the pathogenetic mechanisms, cognitive symptoms and behavioral manifestations of these diseases in cell cultures and animal models. Epidemiological evidence indicates a consistent association between the intake of tomatoes and reduced cardiovascular and neoplastic risk. LYC deficiency is common in elders and AD patients and it is strongly predictive of mortality and poor cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Dietary intake of tomatoes seems to be more effective than tomato/LYC supplementation. Limited evidence from human intervention trials suggests that increasing tomato intake, besides improving CV markers, enhances cognitive performances. In this narrative review, we analyze the existing evidence on the beneficial effects of tomatoes on AD-related processes or risk factors. Results support the development of promising nutritional strategies to increase the levels of tomato consumption for the prevention or treatment of AD and other dementias. Extensive well-structured research, however, is mandatory to confirm the neuroprotective effects of tomato/LYC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ratto
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Franchini
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Musicco
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Giulia Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gabriella Di Santo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Carotenoids and Cognitive Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Intervention Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020223. [PMID: 33540909 PMCID: PMC7913239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that diet can modify the risk of future cognitive impairment and dementia. A biologically plausible rationale and initial clinical data indicate that the antioxidant activities of dietary carotenoids may assist the preservation of cognitive function. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to examine the relationship between carotenoid supplementation and cognitive performance. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from their inception to July 2020. A total of 435 studies were retrieved. Abstract screening using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria was followed by full-text screening and data extraction of study characteristics and measured outcomes. A meta-analysis of eligible trials was performed using a random-effects model to estimate pooled effect size. We identified 9 studies with a total of 4402 nondemented subjects, whose age ranged from 45 to 78 years. Results of the pooled meta-analysis found a significant effect of carotenoid intervention on cognitive outcomes (Hedge’s g = 0.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.20, p < 0.0001). There was no evidence of heterogeneity among the studies (τ2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.00%, H2 = 1.00) or publication bias. Although further studies are needed, our results suggest that carotenoid interventions are associated with better cognitive performance. Thus, these dietary compounds may help to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Review on the potential application of non-phenolic compounds from native Latin American food byproducts in inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Marie A, Darricau M, Touyarot K, Parr-Brownlie LC, Bosch-Bouju C. Role and Mechanism of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:949-970. [PMID: 34120916 PMCID: PMC8461657 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that altered retinoic acid signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Retinoic acid is the bioactive derivative of the lipophilic vitamin A. Vitamin A is involved in several important homeostatic processes, such as cell differentiation, antioxidant activity, inflammation and neuronal plasticity. The role of vitamin A and its derivatives in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential as therapeutics, has drawn attention for more than 10 years. However, the literature sits in disparate fields. Vitamin A could act at the crossroad of multiple environmental and genetic factors of PD. The purpose of this review is to outline what is known about the role of vitamin A metabolism in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PD. We examine key biological systems and mechanisms that are under the control of vitamin A and its derivatives, which are (or could be) exploited for therapeutic potential in PD: the survival of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythms, homeostasis of the enteric nervous system, and hormonal systems. We focus on the pivotal role of ALDH1A1, an enzyme expressed by dopaminergic neurons for the detoxification of these neurons, which is under the control of retinoic acid. By providing an integrated summary, this review will guide future studies on the potential role of vitamin A in the management of symptoms, health and wellbeing for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaıs Marie
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgane Darricau
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Louise C. Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand (Center of Research Excellence), Dunedin, New Zealand
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Villa-Rivera MG, Ochoa-Alejo N. Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2020; 25:E5573. [PMID: 33260997 PMCID: PMC7729576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili pepper is a prominent cultivated horticultural crop that is traditionally used for food seasoning and is applied for the treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. Its beneficial health properties are due to its abundance and variety of bioactive components, such as carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and vitamins. In particular, carotenoids have important nutraceutical properties, and several studies have focused on their potential in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge of general aspects of chili pepper carotenoids (biosynthesis pathway, types and content in Capsicum spp., and the effects of processing on carotenoid content) and recent findings on the effects of carotenoid nutraceuticals, such as antioxidant, cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disorder preventive, and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico;
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Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197152. [PMID: 32998277 PMCID: PMC7582347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1711
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The Effect of Light on Antioxidant Properties and Metabolic Profile of Chia Microgreens. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a one-year plant known as a source of nutrients that can be consumed in the diet in the form of seeds or sprouts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of illumination for 24 and 48 h on dark-grown chia microgreens. Total antioxidant capacity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, along with the total phenolics, ascorbic acid and cellulose content, and chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the biochemical composition and elucidate the changes in compound structures between dark-grown and illuminated chia microgreens. Analysis of the results showed that illumination significantly increased the content of all measured bioactive compounds as well as antioxidative capacity, especially 48 h after exposure to light. FTIR analyses supported structural and molecular changes in chia microgreens grown under different light regimes. Our results suggest that illumination has a positive effect on the antioxidant potential of chia microgreens, which may present a valuable addition to the human diet.
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Cui X, Lin Q, Liang Y. Plant-Derived Antioxidants Protect the Nervous System From Aging by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:209. [PMID: 32760268 PMCID: PMC7372124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major disease contributing to human death and is thought to be closely related to the aging process. The rich antioxidant substances in plants have been shown to play a role in delaying aging, and in recent years, significant research has focused on also examining their potential role in AD onset and progression. Many plant-derived antioxidant research studies have provided insights for the future treatment and prevention of AD. This article reviews various types of plant-derived antioxidants with anti-aging effects on neurons. Also it distinguishes the different types of active substances that exhibit different degrees of protection for the nervous system and summarizes the mechanism thereof. Plant-derived antioxidants with neuroprotective functions can protect various components of the nervous system in a variety of ways and can have a positive impact on interventions to prevent and alleviate AD. Furthermore, when considering neuroprotective agents, glial cells also contribute to the defense of the nervous system and should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cui
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Djalali M, Djalali M, Abdolahi M, Mohammadi H, Heidari H, Hosseini S, Sadeghizadeh M. The Effect of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Pentraxin 3 Gene Expression and Serum Level in Migraine Patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:1-7. [PMID: 32821745 PMCID: PMC7424412 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the effect of nano-curcumin supplementation on pentraxin 3 (PTX3) gene exp ression and serum level in migraine patients. METHODS The present study, performed as a clinical trial, included 38 episodic migraine patients in two groups that received either nano-curcumin or placebo over a two-month period. At the start and the end of the study, PTX3 gene expression and serum levels were measured. RESULTS After two months of treatment, PTX3 gene expression and serum levels were both significantly less in the nano-curcumin than in the placebo group (P= 0.01 and P< 0.001, respectively). No significant gene expression differences were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION Curcumin may have a potential inhibitory effect on PTX3 gene expression and serum levels in migraine disease and can be considered as an efficient therapy in migraine management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Djalali
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Abdolahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hajar Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shayesteh Hosseini
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Rzajew J, Radzik T, Rebas E. Calcium-Involved Action of Phytochemicals: Carotenoids and Monoterpenes in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041428. [PMID: 32093213 PMCID: PMC7073062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative and mood disorders represent growing medical and social problems, many of which are provoked by oxidative stress, disruption in the metabolism of various neurotransmitters, and disturbances in calcium homeostasis. Biologically active plant compounds have been shown to exert a positive impact on the function of calcium in the central nervous system. Methods: The present paper reviews studies of naturally occurring terpenes and derivatives and the calcium-based aspects of their mechanisms of action, as these are known to act upon a number of targets linked to neurological prophylaxis and therapy. Results: Most of the studied phytochemicals possess anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, and these have been used to reduce the risk of or treat neurological diseases. Conclusion: The neuroprotective actions of some phytochemicals may employ mechanisms based on regulation of calcium homeostasis and should be considered as therapeutic agents.
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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ABTS On-Line Antioxidant, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Chaenomeles Fruits Determined by Polyphenols and other Chemical Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010060. [PMID: 31936619 PMCID: PMC7023120 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and quantify the chemical composition and polyphenolic profile of 19 cultivars of Chaenomeles × superba, Chaenomeles japonica, and Chaenomeles speciosa by liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-QTOF-ESI-MS). Antioxidant (ABTS on-line, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC), as well as in vitro biological activities, i.e., the ability to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) were determined. Most of the Chaenomeles species and cultivars analyzed in this study have not been examined in this respect until now. Fruits contained 30.26 to 195.05 mg of vitamin C, 0.65 to 1.69 g of pectin, 0.32 to 0.64 g of ash, 0.60 to 3.98 g of sugars, and 41.64 to 110.31 g of organic acids in 100 g fresh weight. The lowest content of total polyphenols showed C. speciosa ‘Rubra’ (57.84 g/kg dry weight, dw) while C. × superba ’Nicoline’ (170.38 g/kg dw) exhibited the highest concentration of those compounds. In the phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidin fraction predominated (65%) with procyanidin B2, C1, and (−)-epicatechin the most abundant. The antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS assay was mainly formed by polymeric procyanidins and flavan-3-ols, which was confirmed by ABTS on-line profiling. Chaenomeles fruits showed high potential for inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The analyzed cultivars displayed greater potential for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition than for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The data indicate that Chaenomeles fruits could be regarded as a promising source of bioactive functional food.
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Fathalipour M, Fathalipour H, Safa O, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Mirkhani H, Hassanipour S. The Therapeutic Role of Carotenoids in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2347-2358. [PMID: 32753919 PMCID: PMC7342496 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s255783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are a large group of natural pigments that occur in many foods, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies have shown a number of biological properties of carotenoids, particularly beneficial impacts on cancer, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. However, recent evidence has shown that these compounds could prevent, delay, and ameliorate diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of current study was to review the therapeutic effects of carotenoids in the treatment of DR and discuss the molecular mechanisms that are behind these pharmacological activities. METHODS Six online databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest) were searched until September 2019. The systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included after the final retrieval. A relationship was observed between carotenoids and management of DR. Findings also demonstrated that the underlying mechanism of beneficial effects of these compounds was antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSION Carotenoids potentially delay the initiation and prevent the progression of DR; however, ample preclinical studies are required to confirm their effect, and adequate clinical trials are needed to really understand how well these compounds influence DR among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathalipour
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Safa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Mirkhani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Correspondence: Soheil Hassanipour Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave., Rasht41448-95655, IranTel +98(13)33535116Fax +98(13)33534951 Email
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