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Shen Z, Huang D, Jia N, Zhao S, Pei C, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Shi S, Wang F, He Y, Wang Z. Protective effects of Eleutheroside E against high-altitude pulmonary edema by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115607. [PMID: 37776644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleutheroside E (EE) is a primary active component of Acanthopanax senticosus, which has been reported to inhibit the expression of inflammatory genes, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a severe complication of high-altitude exposure occurring after ascent above 2500 m. However, effective and safe preventative measures for HAPE still need to be improved. This study aimed to elucidate the preventative potential and underlying mechanism of EE in HAPE. Rat models of HAPE were established through hypobaric hypoxia. Mechanistically, hypobaric hypoxia aggravates oxidative stress and upregulates (pro)-inflammatory cytokines, activating NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, eventually leading to HAPE. EE suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-Β (NF-κB), thereby protecting the lung from HAPE. However, nigericin (Nig), an NLRP3 activator, partially abolished the protective effects of EE. These findings suggest EE is a promising agent for preventing HAPE induced by NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Shen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Demei Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Sijing Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Yacong He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Jia N, Shen Z, Zhao S, Wang Y, Pei C, Huang D, Wang X, Wu Y, Shi S, He Y, Wang Z. Eleutheroside E from pre-treatment of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.etMaxim.) Harms ameliorates high-altitude-induced heart injury by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110423. [PMID: 37331291 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Eleutheroside E, a major natural bioactive compound in Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.etMaxim.) Harms, possesses anti-oxidative, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and immunoregulatory effects. High-altitude hypobaric hypoxia affects blood flow and oxygen utilisation, resulting in severe heart injury that cannot be reversed, thereby eventually causing or exacerbating high-altitude heart disease and heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardioprotective effects of eleutheroside E against high-altitude-induced heart injury (HAHI), and to study the mechanisms by which this happens. A hypobaric hypoxia chamber was used in the study to simulate hypobaric hypoxia at the high altitude of 6000 m. 42 male rats were randomly assigned to 6 equal groups and pre-treated with saline, eleutheroside E 100 mg/kg, eleutheroside E 50 mg/kg, or nigericin 4 mg/kg. Eleutheroside E exhibited significant dose-dependent effects on a rat model of HAHI by suppressing inflammation and pyroptosis. Eleutheroside E downregulated the expressions of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). Moreover, The ECG also showed eleutheroside E improved the changes in QT interval, corrected QT interval, QRS interval and heart rate. Eleutheroside E remarkably suppressed the expressions of NLRP3/caspase-1-related proteins and pro-inflammatory factors in heart tissue of the model rats. Nigericin, known as an agonist of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, reversed the effects of eleutheroside E. Eleutheroside E prevented HAHI and inhibited inflammation and pyroptosis via the NLRP3/caspase-1 signalling pathway. Taken together, eleutheroside E is a prospective, effective, safe and inexpensive agent that can be used to treat HAHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Zherui Shen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Sijing Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Yacong He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Jiang M, Jang SE, Zeng L. The Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors on Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091285. [PMID: 37174685 PMCID: PMC10177620 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis is maintained throughout adulthood primarily in two typical niches, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in other nonclassic neurogenic areas (e.g., the amygdala and striatum). During prenatal and early postnatal development, neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and migrate to appropriate areas such as the olfactory bulb where they integrate into existing neural networks; these phenomena constitute the multistep process of neurogenesis. Alterations in any of these processes impair neurogenesis and may even lead to brain dysfunction, including cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Here, we first summarize the main properties of mammalian neurogenic niches to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that neurogenesis plays an integral role in neuronal plasticity in the brain and cognition in the postnatal period. Given that neurogenesis can be highly modulated by a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, we discuss the impact of extrinsic (e.g., alcohol) and intrinsic (e.g., hormones) modulators on neurogenesis. Additionally, we provide an overview of the contribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to persistent neurological sequelae such as neurodegeneration, neurogenic defects and accelerated neuronal cell death. Together, our review provides a link between extrinsic/intrinsic factors and neurogenesis and explains the possible mechanisms of abnormal neurogenesis underlying neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Dongguan Campus, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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Zhu X, Liu H, Wang D, Guan R, Zou Y, Li M, Zhang J, Chen J. NLRP3 deficiency protects against hypobaric hypoxia induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114828. [PMID: 36989949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As increasing number of people migrated to high altitude, highland encephalopathy and hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment arouse public attention. Yet, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging evidence has implied neuroinflammation and neuronal loss may be involved. In the present study, we investigated the neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in mice after hypoxic insult. Our reports showed hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 3 weeks led to impaired spatial exploration and short-term memory in mice, concomitant with neuron loss. In addition, hypoxia induced neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Besides, to explore the role of the inflammasome in hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction, NLRP3 knockout mice were applied and the results showed that NLRP3 could negatively regulate GPX4 to modify antioxidant capacity. In summary, our work demonstrated that hypoxia exposure led to neuroinflammation and neuronal-deletion, which may be the key events in the process of hypoxia induced cognitive impairment. NLRP3 inflammasome promoted antioxidant deficiency by negatively regulating GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- School of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, China
| | - Diya Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yuankang Zou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, China.
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, China.
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Yassine M, Hassan SA, Sommer S, Yücel LA, Bellert H, Hallenberger J, Sohn D, Korf HW, von Gall C, Ali AAH. Radiotherapy of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice Has a Time-Of-Day-Dependent Impact on the Mouse Hippocampus. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010061. [PMID: 36611854 PMCID: PMC9818790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) create a state of chronic inflammation that affects the brain via the liver-brain axis leading to an alteration of neurotransmission and cognition. However, little is known about the effects of HCC on the hippocampus, the key brain region for learning and memory. Moreover, radiotherapy used to treat HCC has severe side effects that impair patients' life quality. Thus, designing optimal strategies, such as chronotherapy, to enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of HCC treatment is critically important. We addressed the effects of HCC and the timed administration of radiotherapy in mice on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, clock genes, markers for glial activation, oxidative stress, neuronal activity and proliferation in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Our data showed that HCC induced the upregulation of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered clock gene expressions and reduced proliferation in the hippocampus. Radiotherapy, in particular when applied during the light/inactive phase enhanced all these effects in addition to glial activation, increased oxidative stress, decreased neuronal activity and increased levels of phospho(p)-ERK. Our results suggested an interaction of the circadian molecular clockwork and the brain's innate immune system as key players in liver-brain crosstalk in HCC and that radiotherapy when applied during the light/inactive phase induced the most profound alterations in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Yassine
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Soha A. Hassan
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Cairo-Suez Road, Suez 43533, Egypt
| | - Simon Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Aylin Yücel
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hanna Bellert
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Hallenberger
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universität Strasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-21-1811-5046
| | - Amira A. H. Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria St. 1, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Zhu D, Zhang M, He B, Wan Y, Wang L, Gao F. The role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953417. [PMID: 36003965 PMCID: PMC9393425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Six-week-old male and female SD rats were housed for 3 months either in a real altitude (4,250 m) environment as the model of chronic hypobaric-hypoxia (CHH) or in a plain as controls. The animal behavioral and hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular, and ultrastructural levels were characterized after CHH exposure. Results After 3 months of CHH exposure, (1) male CHH rats’ serum testosterone level was lower than male controls’ whereas female CHH rats’ serum estradiol level was higher than female controls’; (2) Morris water maze test finds that male rats showed more learning and spatial memory deficits than female rats; (3) male rats showed more severe hippocampal damage, hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and dendritic spine density) than female rats; (4) Western blot analysis shows that, compared with the male control group, in male CHH group’s hippocampus, expression of nNOS, HO-1, and Bax protein increased whereas that of Bcl-2 protein decreased; (5) Expression of PON2 protein in male rats (CHH and controls) was lower than female rats (CHH and controls). In addition, CHH exposure decreased the expression of PON2 protein in both male and female rats; (6) qPCR analysis reveals that CHH exposure reduced the gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2A and NR2B subunits in male rats’ hippocampus. In addition, compared with the sham CHH group, the expression level of PON2 protein decreased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus whereas oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and degeneration of hippocampal neurons increased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus. Conclusion After CHH exposure, male rats were significantly more likely than female rats to develop hippocampal damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline and deficits, suggesting that sex and ovarian hormones were significantly involved in regulating the rats’ susceptibility to CHH exposure-induced hippocampal damage.
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Cordycepin ameliorates acute hypobaric hypoxia induced blood-brain barrier disruption, and cognitive impairment partly by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/MMP-9 pathway in the adult rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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