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Rezvanian A, Khodadadi B, Tafreshi S. Use of Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocyclic Structures. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Rezvanian
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| | - Behnoosh Khodadadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Tafreshi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
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Borah B, Chowhan LR. Recent advances in the transition-metal-free synthesis of quinoxalines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37325-37353. [PMID: 35496411 PMCID: PMC9043781 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoxalines, also known as benzo[a]pyrazines, constitute an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as a result of their widespread prevalence in natural products, biologically active synthetic drug candidates, and optoelectronic materials. Owing to their importance and chemists' ever-increasing imagination of new transformations of these products, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to finding more efficient approaches toward the synthesis of quinoxaline rings. The last decades have witnessed a marvellous outburst in modifying organic synthetic methods to create them sustainable for the betterment of our environment. The exploitation of transition-metal-free catalysis in organic synthesis leads to a new frontier to access biologically active heterocycles and provides an alternative method from the perspective of green and sustainable chemistry. Despite notable developments achieved in transition-metal catalyzed synthesis, the high cost involved in the preparation of the catalyst, toxicity, and difficulty in removing it from the final products constitute disadvantageous effects on the atom economy and eco-friendly nature of the transformation. In this review article, we have summarized the recent progress achieved in the synthesis of quinoxalines under transition-metal-free conditions and cover the reports from 2015 to date. This aspect is presented alongside the mechanistic rationalization and limitations of the reaction methodologies. The scopes of future developments are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 India
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Sharma A, Kaur G, Singh D, Gupta VK, Banerjee B. A General Method for the Synthesis of 11H-Indeno[1,2-B]Quinoxalin- 11-Ones and 6H-Indeno[1,2-B]Pyrido[3,2-E]Pyrazin-6-One Derivatives Using Mandelic Acid as an Efficient Organo-Catalyst at Room Temperature. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337208666210825112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
Synthesis of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-ones as well as 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one derivatives under greener conditions.
Background:
Quinoxaline and related skeletons are very common in naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
Objective:
Design a facile, green and organo-catalyzed method for the synthesis of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-ones as well as 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one derivatives.
Methods:
Both the scaffolds were synthesized via the condensation of ninhydrin and o-phenylenediamines or pyridine-2,3-diamines respectively by using a catalytic amount of mandelic acid as an efficient, commercially available, low cost, organo-catalyst in aqueous ethanol at room temperature.
Results:
Mild reaction conditions, use of metal-free organocatalyst, non-toxic solvent, ambient temperature, and no column chromatographic separation are some of the notable advantages of our developed protocol.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have developed a simple, mild, facile and efficient method for the synthesis of structurally diverse 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one derivatives via the condensation reactions of ninhydrin and various substituted benzene-1,2-diamines using a catalytic amount of mandelic acid as a commercially available metal-free organo-catalyst in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. Under the same optimized reaction conditions, synthesis of 6H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrido[3,2-e]pyrazin-6-one derivatives was also accomplished with excellent yields by using pyridine-2,3-diamines instead of o-phenylenediamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab-151302, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab-151302, India
| | - Diksha Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, V.P.O Bathu, Dist. Una, Himachal Pradesh, Pin-174301, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 006, India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab-151302, India
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Singh R, Bhardwaj D, Saini MR. Recent advancement in the synthesis of diverse spiro-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalines: a review. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen-containing indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline ring is a privileged structurally fused active system and has notable applications in various fields of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic Sciences
- Jaipur National University
- Jaipur
- India
| | - Diksha Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic Sciences
- Jaipur National University
- Jaipur
- India
| | - Munna Ram Saini
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic Sciences
- Jaipur National University
- Jaipur
- India
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Synthetic methods for spirofuran-2(5H)-ones (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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