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Albukhari M, Bagies M, Lizbeth T, Kottilil S. Fighting fire with fire: using infectious agents to treat persistent infection. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:1177-1184. [PMID: 39105632 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2363728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Often, resolution of the acute stage of the disease leads to microbial persistence, resulting in chronic debilitating disease. Management of persistent infections frequently requires lifelong therapy with antimicrobial agents. These infections could be chronic viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B or chronic bacterial persistent infections like prosthetic joint infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms. Bacteriophages have been designed specifically to target recalcitrant bacterial infections, such as prosthetic joint infections with varying success. In this review, we describe the historic evolution of scenarios and risks associated with innovative therapy using infectious agents to treat other persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Albukhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maria Bagies
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Geta M, Mengistu G, Yizengaw E, Manyzewal T, Hailu A, Woldeamanuel Y. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials update. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39344. [PMID: 39213251 PMCID: PMC11365667 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) need treatment to help reduce the risk of liver disease and limit disease transmission. Therapeutic vaccine (TV) candidates have been under study for their clinical effects on inducing HBV-specific host immune responses. This review aimed to systematically synthesize updated evidence on the efficacy and safety of TVs in patients with CHB. METHODS This systematic review was performed by searching different databases from January to February 2021. Completed randomized controlled trials that reported TVs' efficacy and/or safety for treating CHB compared with the standard of care (SOC) or placebo were included. Efficacy and safety estimates were reported as the logarithm of the odds ratio and risk differences, respectively. I2 > 50% was considered significant heterogeneity. Significant publication bias was considered when Egger's test P value < .10. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The GRADE methodology was used to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. RESULTS Twenty-four articles with 2889 pooled samples were included. TVs made a significant difference in hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) SC (log OR = 0.76, P = .01) and (log OR = 0.40, P = .03) compared to placebo and combination therapy, respectively. HBeAg SC was significantly affected by TVs at the end of follow up (log OR = 0.49, P = .01), with significant HBsAg mean difference (MD = -0.62, P = .00). At the end of treatment, the TVs had no significant effect on HBV DNA negativity over the SOC (log OR = 0.62, P = .09) or placebo (log OR = -0.07, P = .91). TVs do not significantly affect the risk of serious adverse events (RD 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.04). CONCLUSION In patients with CHB, TVs had significant effects on HBeAg SC compared to the SOC or placebo. There was no significant difference between serious adverse events. TVs are promising treatment strategy to overcome CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekuanint Geta
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Mengistu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Laboratory Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Endalew Yizengaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyzewal
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yimtubeznash Woldeamanuel
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Chen D, Lu Y, Lian J, Yu J, Li L, Li L. Plasma metabolome analysis for predicting antiviral treatment efficacy in chronic hepatitis B: diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic insights. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1414476. [PMID: 39072321 PMCID: PMC11272971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate identification of predictive biomarkers for antiviral treatment efficacy remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly in the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to assess whether the plasma metabolome could reliably predict the success of antiviral therapy in CHB patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 56 treatment-naive CHB patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from December 2013 to March 2016. Patients who underwent a 48-week treatment regimen of entecavir (ETV) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) were randomly assigned to either a discovery cohort (n=29) or a validation cohort (n=27). Based on the outcome of the treatment, patients were classified as HBeAg seroconversion group (High responders, Hrp) or the non-remission group (Low responder, Lrp). Our methodology involved an untargeted analysis of the amine/phenol and carboxylic acid submetabolomes in the CHB patients under treatment, utilizing chemical isotope labeling (CIL) techniques with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Several metabolites were identified as having significant diagnostic potential for distinguishing Hrp from Lrp, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) exceeding those typical clinical indicators. Notably, four metabolites, namely 2-methyl-3-ketovaleric acid, 2-ketohexanoic acid, 6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinic acid, and α-ketoisovaleric acid, demonstrated exceptionally high sensitivity and specificity in both cohorts, nearing 100%. In contrast, the clinical indicators, including HBcAb, log(HBsAg), and HBeAb, demonstrated lower and inconsistent sensitivity and specificity between the discovery and validation cohorts. Using HBcAb as a marker, the sensitivity was 87.5% with 76.9% specificity in the discovery cohort; however, the sensitivity dropped to 46.7% with 91.7% specificity in the validation cohort. Using log(HBsAg), the sensitivity was 84.6% with 69.2% specificity in the discovery cohort, compared to 85.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity in the validation cohort. For HBeAb, the separation of Hrp and Lrp had a sensitivity of 87.5% with 69.2% specificity in the discovery cohort, while the validation cohort showed 86.7% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangshan Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Huang DQ, Shen L, Phyo WW, Cloherty G, Butler EK, Kuhns MC, McNamara AL, Holzmayer V, Gersch J, Anderson M, Yang WL, Ngu JH, Chang J, Tan J, Ahmed T, Dan YY, Lee YM, Lee GH, Tan PS, Muthiah M, Khine HTW, Lee C, Tay A, Lim SG. Quantitative HBeAg is a strong predictor of HBeAg loss among patients receiving pegylated interferon. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105876. [PMID: 38641023 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HBeAg loss is an important endpoint for antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), however there are no reliable biomarkers to identify patients who will respond to the addition of pegylated interferon to nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. AIM To evaluate the use of serum biomarkers to predict HBeAg loss. METHODS HBeAg positive CHB participants on NAs who switched-to or added-on 48 weeks pegylated interferon alpha2b (clinicaltrial.gov NCT01928511) were evaluated at week 72 for HBeAg loss. The predictive ability of qHBeAg, qHBsAg, HBV RNA and clinical variables for HBeAg loss were investigated. RESULTS HBeAg loss occurred in 15/55 (27.3%) participants who completed 48 weeks of pegylated interferon. There was a lower baseline qHBeAg (1.18 IU/mL [2.27] versus 10.04 IU/mL [24.87], P = 0.007) among participants who lost HBeAg. Baseline qHBeAg (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.66, P = 0.01) and detectable HBV DNA at baseline (OR = 25.00, 95% CI 1.67-374.70, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of HBeAg loss. In addition, on-treatment qHBeAg was also a strong predictor of HBeAg loss (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.81, P = 0.012). The models combining detectable baseline HBV DNA with baseline (C-statistic 0.82) and on-treatment (C-statistic 0.83) had good accuracy for predicting HBeAg loss. A rise in qHBeAg ≥ 10 IU/ml was a predictor of flare (ALT ≥ 120 U/ml) on univariable analysis but not after adjustment for treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Baseline and on-treatment qHBeAg is a useful biomarker that can identify participants on NA therapy who may benefit from adding or switching to pegylated interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q Huang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Liang Shen
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wah Wah Phyo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Lyn Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Jason Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Taufique Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Brunei
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yin Mei Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Poh Seng Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Htet Toe Wai Khine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chris Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Amy Tay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Jiang B, Wang L, Liu H, Wang L, Su R, Xu L, Wei G, Li J, Lu F, Chen X. Association of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage in chronic HBV infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29569. [PMID: 38549467 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The natural progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is dynamic, but the longitudinal landscape of HBV serological markers with host antiviral immune response relevant hepatic inflammatory damage remains undetermined. To this issue, we studied the association of HBV serological markers with the severity of hepatic inflammatory damage and enumerated HBV-specific T cells using the cultured enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot). Five hundred and twenty-four treatment-naïve chronic HBV infection patients were enrolled. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, all HBV virologic indicators negatively correlated with liver inflammatory damage and fibrosis (p < 0.01). Stronger correlations were accessed in the subgroup of HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA > 2 × 106 IU/mL (p < 0.01), whereas negative correlations disappeared in patients with HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 106 IU/mL. Surprisingly, in HBeAg-negative patients, the HBV DNA level was positively correlated with the hepatic inflammatory damage (p < 0.01). The relationship between type Ⅱ interferon genes expression and HBV DNA levels also revealed a direct shift from the initial negative to positive in HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA declined below 2 × 106 IU/mL. The number of HBV-specific T cells were identified by interferon γ ELISpot assays and showed a significant increase from HBeAg-positive to HBeAg-negative group. The host's anti-HBV immunity remains effective in HBeAg-positive patients with HBV DNA levels exceeding 2 × 106 IU/mL, as it efficiently eliminates infected hepatocytes and inhibits HBV replication. However, albeit the increasing number of HBV-specific T cells, the host antiviral immune response shifts towards dysfunctional when the HBV DNA load drops below this threshold, which causes more pathological damage and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Leijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Su
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guochao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, China
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Kounoue N, Oguchi H, Mikami T, Yamaguchi Y, Hashiguchi A, Nagai H, Watanabe K, Furukawa S, Hisamatsu K, Sakai K. Hepatitis B Virus-related Membranous Nephropathy with Crescentic Formation in an Inactive Carrier of Positive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen with Undetectable DNA under Anti-viral Treatment. Intern Med 2024; 63:101-106. [PMID: 37225490 PMCID: PMC10824637 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1515-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A man who was an inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs antigen) and undetectable HBV-DNA under anti-viral treatment developed nephrotic syndrome at 52 years old, and a renal biopsy revealed advanced membranous nephropathy (MN) with focal cellular crescents, interstitial hemorrhaging, and peritubular capillaritis. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated granular IgG deposition and HBs antigen-positivity along the capillaries. Glomeruli were negative for phospholipase A2 receptor 1. There were no clinical findings of systemic vasculitis. We considered MN combined with small-vessel vasculitis due to HBV infection. These results suggest that HBV-related kidney disease should be considered even in patients with an inactive HBV carrier status under treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kounoue
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideyo Oguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidenari Nagai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kana Hisamatsu
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Gu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Liu Y, Liu J, Xia J, Yan X, Li J, Liu X, Huang R, Wu C. A novel nomogram for predicting HBeAg seroclearance in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101151. [PMID: 37704066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Seroclearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is an important treatment goal for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study developed a nomogram for predicting HBeAg seroclearance in CHB patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred and sixty-nine CHB patients treated with NAs from two institutions between July 2016 to November 2021 were retrospectively included. One institution served as the training set (n = 374) and the other as the external validation set (n = 195). A predictive nomogram was established based on cox regression analysis. RESULTS The overall HBeAg seroclearance rates were 27.3 and 21.5 % after the median follow-up of 100.2 weeks and 65.1 weeks in the training set and validation set, respectively. In the training set, baseline aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, HBeAg, and hepatitis B core antibody levels were independently associated with HBeAg seroclearance and were used to establish the HBEAg SeroClearance (ESC)-nomogram. The calibration curve revealed that the ESC-nomogram had a good agreement with actual observation. The ESC-nomogram showed relatively high accuracy for predicting 48 weeks, 96 weeks, and 144 weeks of HBeAg seroclearance in the training set (AUCs: 0.782, 0.734 and 0.671) and validation set (AUCs: 0.699, 0.718 and 0.689). The patients with high ESC-nomogram scores (≥ 79.51) had significantly higher cumulative incidence of HBeAg seroclearance and seroconversion than patients with low scores (< 79.51) in both sets (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The novel ESC-nomogram showed good performance for predicting antiviral efficacy in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with NAs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingxiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Song G, Yang R, Jin Q, Liu J, Rao H, Feng B, Xie Y. HBV pregenome RNA as a predictor of spontanous HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37946120 PMCID: PMC10634007 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that HBV pregenome RNA (HBV pgRNA) could predict HBeAg seroconversion among the chronic hapatitis B (CHB) patients treated with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) or nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). However, the data about the prediction of HBV pgRNA for spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion is limited. METHODS One hundred thirteen CHB patients with HBeAg-positive in the immune active phase were followed up for 76 weeks without antiviral treatment. Based on the laboratory test results of liver function, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and HBV DNA at week 76, patients were assigned to two groups: spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion (group A, n = 18) and non-spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion group. Among the latter group, 36 patients were selected as controls (group B, n = 36). RESULTS At week 12, between group A and group B, there was a significant difference in the level of HBV pgRNA (group A 6.35 ± 1.24 log10 copies/ml and group B 7.52 ± 0.79 log10 copies/ml, P = 0.001), and the difference enlarged at week 28. The receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of the HBV pgRNA level and the ∆HBV pgRNA at week 28 were 0.912 (P = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.830-0.994), and 0.934 (P = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.872-0.996), respectively. The optimal cutoffs of HBV pgRNA and the reduction from baseline (∆HBV pgRNA) at week 28 for spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion prediction were 5.63 log10 copies/ml and 1.85 log10 copies/ml, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HBV pgRNA and ∆HBV pgRNA at week 28 were 86.7% and 87.2%, 87.5% and 89.5%, respectively. And the combination of the HBV pgRNA level and the HBV pgRNA decreased could provide better prediction. CONCLUSIONS HBV pgRNA is a sound predictor for spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion among the CHB patients in immune active phase. Dynamic monitoring of HBV pgRNA is helpful for clinical treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Song
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Center for Technologies in Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Rao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yandi Xie
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Avihingsanon A, Lu H, Leong CL, Hung CC, Koenig E, Kiertiburanakul S, Lee MP, Supparatpinyo K, Zhang F, Rahman S, D'Antoni ML, Wang H, Hindman JT, Martin H, Baeten JM, Li T. Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for initial treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B coinfection (ALLIANCE): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV 2023; 10:e640-e652. [PMID: 37494942 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(23)00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For most adults with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection, initial recommended treatment is a tenofovir-containing antiretroviral regimen, but no randomised studies have compared tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with tenofovir alafenamide. We aimed to investigate whether bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide is non-inferior to dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for viral suppression in individuals with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection at 48 and 96 weeks. METHODS We did this randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial at 46 outpatient centres in China, Dominican Republic, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and the USA. Eligible participants were treatment-naive adults (aged ≥18 years) with plasma HIV-1 RNA of at least 500 copies per mL and plasma HBV DNA of at least 2000 IU/mL. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive daily oral bictegravir 50 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir alafenamide 25 mg, or dolutegravir 50 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg, each with corresponding matching placebo. Randomisation was stratified by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status (positive vs negative), HBV DNA (<8 vs ≥8 log10 IU/mL), and CD4 count (<50 vs ≥50 cells per μL) at screening. All investigators, participants, and staff providing treatment, assessing outcomes, and collecting data were masked to study treatment for 96 weeks. Coprimary endpoints were the proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL (defined by the US Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm) and plasma HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL (using the missing-equals-failure approach) at week 48, with a prespecified non-inferiority margin of -12%. Coprimary endpoints were assessed in the full analysis set, which included all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline HIV-1 RNA or HBV DNA result while on study drug. Safety endpoints were assessed in all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03547908. FINDINGS Between May 30, 2018 and March 16, 2021, 381 participants were screened, of whom 243 initiated treatment (121 in the receive bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group; 122 in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group). At week 48, both endpoints met the criteria for non-inferiority: 113 (95%) of 119 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group and 111 (91%) of 122 participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group had HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL (difference 4·1, 95% CI -2·5 to 10·8; p=0·21), and 75 (63%) of 119 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group versus 53 (43%) of 122 participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group had HBV DNA suppression (difference 16·6, 5·9 to 27·3; nominal p=0·0023). Drug-related adverse events up to week 96 occurred in 35 (29%) of 121 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group and 34 (28%) of 122 participants in the dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group. One (1%) of 121 participants in the bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide group reported a serious adverse event (cryptococcal meningitis attributed to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) that was deemed to be treatment-related. INTERPRETATION Coformulated bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide is an effective therapy for adults with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection starting antiviral therapy. FUNDING Gilead Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Chee Loon Leong
- Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ellen Koenig
- Dominican Institute of Virological Studies, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Man-Po Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Fujie Zhang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taisheng Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Lee GS, Purdy MA, Choi Y. Cell Culture Systems for Studying Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1527. [PMID: 37511902 PMCID: PMC10381383 DOI: 10.3390/life13071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections cause liver disease, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV infection remains a major global health problem. In 2019, 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B and about 5% of them were co-infected with HDV. In vitro cell culture systems are instrumental in the development of therapeutic targets. Cell culture systems contribute to identifying molecular mechanisms for HBV and HDV propagation, finding drug targets for antiviral therapies, and testing antiviral agents. Current HBV therapeutics, such as nucleoside analogs, effectively suppress viral replication but are not curative. Additionally, no effective treatment for HDV infection is currently available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapies to treat both viral infections. A robust in vitro cell culture system supporting HBV and HDV infections (HBV/HDV) is a critical prerequisite to studying HBV/HDV pathogenesis, the complete life cycle of HBV/HDV infections, and consequently identifying new therapeutics. However, the lack of an efficient cell culture system hampers the development of novel antiviral strategies for HBV/HDV infections. In vitro cell culture models have evolved with significant improvements over several decades. Recently, the development of the HepG2-NTCP sec+ cell line, expressing the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide receptor (NTCP) and self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) has opened new perspectives for a better understanding of HBV and HDV lifecycles and the development of specific antiviral drug targets against HBV/HDV infections. We address various cell culture systems along with different cell lines and how these cell culture systems can be used to provide better tools for HBV and HDV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sanghee Lee
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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11
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Ge S, Xia N, Yuan Q. Hepatitis B Core Antibody Level: A Surrogate Marker for Host Antiviral Immunity in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:1111. [PMID: 37243197 PMCID: PMC10221631 DOI: 10.3390/v15051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus core protein (HBcAg) is a highly immunogenic particulate antigen. Nearly all patients with persistent or resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection show seropositivity for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), which appears in the early stage of infection and is mostly present for life. Traditionally, the anti-HBc is regarded as an evidential serological marker of HBV infections. In the last ten years, several studies revealed the predictive value of quantitative anti-HBc (qAnti-HBc) level in the treatment response and clinical outcome of chronic HBV infections, implying new insights into this classic marker. Overall, qAnti-HBc should be regarded as an indicator of the host's immune response specific to HBV, which correlates with HBV-related hepatitis activity and liver pathology. This review summarized the latest understanding of the clinical values of qAnti-HBc for differentiating the CHB phase, predicting treatment response, and providing disease prognosis. Moreover, we also discussed the possible mechanism of qAnti-HBc regulation during different courses of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (S.G.); (N.X.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (S.G.); (N.X.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (S.G.); (N.X.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (S.G.); (N.X.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (S.G.); (N.X.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, National Institute of Diagnostics Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen 361102, China
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12
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Gane EJ, Dunbar PR, Brooks AE, Zhang F, Chen D, Wallin JJ, van Buuren N, Arora P, Fletcher SP, Tan SK, Yang JC, Gaggar A, Kottilil S, Tang L. Safety and efficacy of the oral TLR8 agonist selgantolimod in individuals with chronic hepatitis B under viral suppression. J Hepatol 2023; 78:513-523. [PMID: 38133554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Selgantolimod (GS-9688) is a Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonist that suppresses HBV in vitro. In a phase II study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of weekly selgantolimod treatment in virally suppressed individuals with chronic HBV taking oral antiviral treatment. METHODS Forty-eight patients were randomized into two cohorts (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-positive and -negative [n = 24 each]) to receive oral selgantolimod 3 mg, 1.5 mg, or placebo (2:2:1) once weekly for 24 weeks while maintaining oral antivirals. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients with a ≥1 log10 IU/ml decline in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from baseline to week 24. Post-treatment, patients continued on oral antivirals for 24 weeks. RESULTS The primary endpoint was reached by one participant, who was HBeAg-negative and received selgantolimod 1.5 mg. In contrast with placebo-treated patients (n = 9), only selgantolimod-treated patients (n = 39 total) had HBsAg declines greater than 0.1 log10 IU/ml at weeks 24 (18%, 7/39) and 48 (26%, 10/39), HBsAg loss (5%, 2/39 through 48 weeks), or HBeAg loss (16%, 3/19 through 48 weeks). The most common adverse events in selgantolimod-treated groups were nausea (46%), upper respiratory tract infection (23%), and vomiting (23%). Gastrointestinal disorders were mostly mild and transient. Selgantolimod induced transient dose-dependent increases in serum cytokines, including IL-12p40, IFN-γ, and IL-1RA, as well as rapid redistribution of some circulating immune cell subsets. CONCLUSION Oral selgantolimod up to 3 mg once weekly for 24 weeks was generally safe and well tolerated and led to serologic changes associated with progression to durable cure in two individuals by week 48. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03491553. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS The only robust criterion for stopping treatment in chronic hepatitis B is loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (known as functional cure), which is rare during nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. It is likely that novel antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies will be needed to achieve finite functional cure. Selgantolimod is an oral Toll-like receptor 8 agonist that has shown antiviral activity in vitro as well as safety in a phase I clinical trial with weekly dosing. In this phase II study, selgantolimod therapy was associated with transient increases in serum cytokines, rapid redistribution of circulating immune cell subsets, modest reductions in HBsAg and HBeAg levels, and occasional loss of HBsAg (5%) and HBeAg (16%) among participants with chronic hepatitis B on nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy with viral suppression. Our results support continued development of selgantolimod as a component of a future hepatitis B cure regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Diana Chen
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jenny C Yang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Anuj Gaggar
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Lydia Tang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
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13
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Zeng Z, Liu R, Cao W, Yang L, Lin Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Wang S, Lu H, Sun F, Shen G, Chang M, Lu Y, Wu S, Hao H, Xu M, Chen X, Hu L, Zhang L, Wan G, Xie Y, Li M. Study on pathological and clinical characteristics of chronic HBV infected patients with HBsAg positive, HBV DNA negative, HBeAg negative. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1113070. [PMID: 36685494 PMCID: PMC9850163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Study of clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA)-negative, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients based on liver histopathology. Methods We retrospectively enrolled patients with chronic HBV infection diagnosis at Beijing Ditan Hospital from May 2008 to November 2020. To study the differences between patients with significant hepatic histopathology and those without significant hepatic histopathology. And to study the independent factors of significant hepatic histopathology. Results 85 HBV DNA-negative and HBeAg-negative patients were 37.90 ± 10.30 years old, 23.50% of patients with grade of inflammation (G) >1, 35.30% of patients with liver fibrosis stage (S) >1, 44.70% patients were diagnosed with significant hepatic histopathology. Compared to the no significant hepatic histopathology group, another group had older age (41.70 ± 10.70 vs 34.80 ± 8.87 years, t=-3.28, P=0.002), higher total bilirubin (TBIL) [14.9(10.3, 22.4) vs 11(8.9, 14.4) μmol/L, z=-2.26, P=0.024], lower cholinesterase (CHE) (t=-2.86, P=0.005, 7388.00 ± 2156.00 vs 8988.00 ± 2823.00 U/L) and lower platelet (PLT) (t=2.75, P=0.007, 157.00 ± 61.40 vs 194.00 ± 61.00 10^9/L). Abnormal ALT patients are more likely to have significant hepatic histopathology (z=5.44, P=0.020, 66.70% vs 337.50%). G had significant correlation with CHE (P=0.008, r=-0.23), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.041, r=0.18), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.001, r=0.29). S had significant correlation with TBIL (P = 0.008, r = 0.23), age (P < 0.001, r = 0.32), international normalized ratio (INR) (P = 0.04, r = 0.23), CHE (P < 0.001, r = -0.30), PLT (P < 0.001, r = -0.40) and prothrombin time activity (PTA) (P = 0.046, r = -0.22). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated only age (95%CI=1.014~1.130, OR=1.069, P=0.013) was an impact factor for significant hepatic histopathology. The cutoff point of age was 34.30 years. Conclusions A large proportion of chronic HBV infection patients with HBeAg-negative and HBV DNA-negative still have chronic hepatitis. Age is an independent factor for significant hepatic histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zeng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Liu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Shen
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Wu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiao Hao
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Leiping Hu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Department of Biostatistics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Minghui Li,
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14
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Hwang SY, Yoo SH, Chang HY, Kim S, Lee JI, Lee KS, Cho YY, Joon KH, Lee HW. Baseline and on-treatment HBcrAg levels as predictors of HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with antivirals. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:39-45. [PMID: 36321949 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
HBeAg seroconversion is an important treatment endpoint. We aimed to identify predictors of seroconversion using serum HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in HBeAg-positive patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs). Data and samples from 70 HBeAg-positive patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrospectively analysed. The mean follow-up period was 11 years. The predictive power for HBeAg seroconversion of HBcrAg levels at baseline and 2 years after antiviral therapy was determined using receiver operating curve analysis. Twenty-one patients (30%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion at a mean of 28 (range, 12-84) months after antiviral treatment. The median baseline HBcrAg and HBsAg levels were 6.9(5.7-7.0) vs. 5.8(5.5-6.5) log10 U/mL (p = .006), 4.9(4.5-5.1) vs. 4.5(4.1-5.0) log10 IU/mL (p = .044) in the no seroconversion group and seroconversion group, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the serum HBcrAg levels at baseline and 2 years after antiviral therapy were predictive factors for HBeAg seroconversion ([HR]; 0.326; [CI], 0.111-0.958; p = .042 and HR, 0.4555; CI, 0.211-0.984; p = .045). HBcrAg levels≤6.5log10 U/mL at baseline and ≤5.3log10 U/mL at 2 years after antiviral therapy had sensitivities of 53.1% and 69.8%, specificities of 95.2% and 70.6%, positive predictive values of 82.6% and 50.0%, and negative predictive values of 82.6% and 84.5%, respectively, with AUROCs of 0.712 (95%CI, 0.596-0.830) and 0.745 (95%CI, 0.599-0.891) for predicting HBeAg seroconversion. In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with NAs, HBcrAg levels≤6.5log10 U/mL at baseline and ≤5.3log10 U/mL at 2 years after antiviral therapy were useful predictive factors of HBeAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sora Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kim Hyung Joon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Thilakanathan C, Kayes T, Di Girolamo J, Nguyen V, Glass A, Manandhar S, Lawler J, Meredith C, Maley M, Lloyd A, Levy MT. Predicting hepatitis B e Antigen seroconversion after pregnancy-The SydPregScore. Liver Int 2023; 43:69-76. [PMID: 35861306 PMCID: PMC10087847 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Achieving Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion (HBeAg SC) at an earlier age confers a better prognosis. We examined baseline and post-partum factors associated with HBeAg SC after pregnancy. We developed a tool, the SydPregScore, to estimate the likelihood of HBeAg SC in the years after pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective analysis of an HBeAg-positive pregnant cohort was conducted. Variables including baseline age, parity, alanine aminotransferase level, HBV viral load, quantitative HBsAg, use of antiviral therapy and post-partum flare were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to determine predictors of HBeAg SC and develop a predictor score were performed. RESULTS We analysed HBeAg SC rates in 220 pregnancies to 149 HBeAg-positive women from 2006 to 2019. At baseline, their median age was 33 (IQR 29-37), ALT 23 U/L (IQR 17-33) and viral load 8 log10 IU/mL (IQR 6.3-8.2 log10 IU/mL). The majority (133/198, 67.2%) received short-course antiviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and 109/192 (56.8%) had a post-partum flare. HBeAg SC occurred in 74/220 (33.6%) after pregnancy (median follow-up 814 days, IQR 405-1531). Multivariate analysis identified baseline viral load <8 log10 IU/mL (HR 2.426 [1.224-4.809], p = .011), baseline ALT ≥2 ULN (HR 2.726 [1.299-5.721], p = .008) and age <35 (HR 2.859 [1.255-6.513], p = .012) to be positive predictors of HBeAg SC. The 'SydPreg Score' estimated the probability of HBeAg SC at 2000 days as 10%, 30%, 70% and 80% for 0, 1, 2, and 3 predictors respectively. CONCLUSION The SydPreg Score allows the prediction of HBeAg SC in the years after pregnancy. Even in those without elevated ALT, age <35 and viral load <8 log10 IU/mL can identify women with a good chance of subsequent HBeAg SC. Those without a chance may benefit from viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthuja Thilakanathan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tahrima Kayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Di Girolamo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vi Nguyen
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Glass
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sicha Manandhar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Lawler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Meredith
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Maley
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney South West Pathology Service, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Dong C, Song Z, Sun C, Wang K, Chen J, Zhang W, Wu D, Zheng W, Yang Y, Qin H, Han C, Zhang F, Wang Z, Xu M, Zhang G, Xie E, Jiao J, Cao S, Gao W, Shen Z. HBsAg seroconversion in de novo hepatitis B virus-infected paediatric liver transplant recipients with anti-viral therapy. J Viral Hepat 2022; 29:1099-1106. [PMID: 36094676 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies for paediatric liver transplant (PLT) recipients who experienced de novo hepatitis B virus infection and the features of HBsAg seroconversion. A total of 821 PLT were performed in HBV-free recipients between January 2013 and January 2019 in Paediatric Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital. Twenty-one recipients developed de novo HBV infection, the clinical data were analysed. The overall incidence of de novo HBV infection was 2.5%. Only one recipient received an HBcAb-negative graft, 20 recipients received HBcAb-positive grafts. The incidence of de novo HBV infection in HBcAb-negative and HBcAb-positive graft recipients were 0.2% and 6.3%, respectively. Fifteen de novo HBV-infected recipients showed HBsAg seroconversion, the incidence of HBsAg seroconversion was 71.4%. The median time from the diagnosis of de novo HBV infection to HBsAg seroconversion was 15 (1, 73) months. Recipients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titre <1000 IU/L and negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) at the time of de novo HBV infection diagnosis were more likely to achieve HBsAg seroconversion. Nucleotide analogues were effective in treating recipients with de novo HBV infection. De novo HBV infection does not impact liver graft function as well as recipient and graft survival rate. De novo HBV infection does not impact PLT recipient outcomes under close monitoring and appropriate treatment. High incidence of HBsAg seroconversion can be achieved after anti-viral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Dong
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Fubo Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Enbo Xie
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Junli Jiao
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunqi Cao
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Paediatric Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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17
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Li Q, Sun B, Zhuo Y, Jiang Z, Li R, Lin C, Jin Y, Gao Y, Wang D. Interferon and interferon-stimulated genes in HBV treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034968. [PMID: 36531993 PMCID: PMC9751411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small enveloped DNA virus with a complex life cycle. It is the causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis. HBV can resist immune system responses and often causes persistent chronic infections. HBV is the leading cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis. Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antitumor properties. IFNs are glycoproteins with a strong antiviral activity that plays an important role in adaptive and innate immune responses. They are classified into three categories (type I, II, and III) based on the structure of their cell-surface receptors. As an effective drug for controlling chronic viral infections, Type I IFNs are approved to be clinically used for the treatment of HBV infection. The therapeutic effect of interferon will be enhanced when combined with other drugs. IFNs play a biological function by inducing the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the host cells, which are responsible for the inhibiting of HBV replication, transcription, and other important processes. Animal models of HBV, such as chimpanzees, are also important tools for studying IFN treatment and ISG regulation. In the present review, we summarized the recent progress in IFN-HBV treatment and focused on its mechanism through the interaction between HBV and ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Yongjian Gao, ; Dongxu Wang,
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Yongjian Gao, ; Dongxu Wang,
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18
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Mohareb AM, Liu AF, Kim AY, Coffie PA, Kouamé MG, Freedberg KA, Boyd A, Hyle EP. Clearance of Hepatitis B e Antigen in Untreated Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1761-1770. [PMID: 35511194 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, persistence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is associated with clinical progression and need for treatment. HBeAg loss represents partial immune control and is a critical event in the natural history of chronic HBV. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies that report HBeAg loss among people with untreated chronic HBV. We evaluated HBeAg loss using a random-effects model and conducted subanalysis on region. RESULTS We screened 10 560 publications, performed 196 full-text analyses, and included 26 studies for meta-analysis. The pooled rate of HBeAg loss was 6.46/100 person-years (PYs) (95% confidence interval, 5.17-8.08). Meta-regression showed that older age of participants and studies in Europe were associated with higher rate of HBeAg loss. Rates per 100 PYs were 7.43 (95% confidence interval, 6.30-8.75; 1 study) in Africa, 3.24 (2.61--4.02; 1 study) in the Eastern Mediterranean, 13.67 (11.21-16.66; 4 studies) in Europe, 7.34 (4.61--11.70; 5 studies) in North America, and 5.53 (4.05--7.55; 15 studies) in the Western Pacific. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous HBeAg loss occurs at a rate of 6.46/100 PYs. Variations by region and age group may reflect epidemiological, immunological, or HBV genotype-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mohareb
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne F Liu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick A Coffie
- Department of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Programme PAC-CI, ANRS Research site, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Kenneth A Freedberg
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders Boyd
- Stiching hiv monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emily P Hyle
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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STAT1 is associated with NK cell dysfunction by downregulating NKG2D transcription in chronic HBV-infected patients. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152272. [PMID: 36122437 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in the immune system, however, the exact mechanism of NK cell dysfunction during HBV infection remains poorly defined. METHODS Hepatitis B envelope antigen-negative (HBeAg-, n = 19) chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) patients, HBeAg-positive (HBeAg+, n = 20) CHB patients, HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC, n = 12) patients and healthy blood donors (HD, n = 20), were enrolled in our study. The phenotype and function of the corresponding NK cells of these subjects were then determined. NK cells were cocultured with HBV to assess whether HBV influences the activation of STAT1. Receptors, proliferation, apoptosis rate, and cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells were detected after STAT1 overexpression and knockdown. The relationship between STAT1 and NKG2D promoter was determined by luciferase assay. RESULTS The levels of NKG2D and STAT1 were the lowest in the HBV-HCC group compared with the HD group, followed by the HBeAg+ group and then the HBeAg- group, respectively. Interestingly, STAT1 levels were positively correlated with NKG2D expression and HBeAg status. Furthermore, STAT1 directly bound to the NKG2D promoter to regulate the transcription and expression of NKG2D. Finally, the results also suggested that knockdown of STAT1 can inhibit proliferation, increase apoptosis rate of NK-92 cells and impair cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells. CONCLUSION STAT1 is correlated with NK cell dysfunction by downregulating NKG2D transcription in HBV-infected patients. Our findings demonstrate that STAT1 is an important and positive regulator of NK cells, which could provide a potential immunotherapy target for CHB.
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20
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Ahmed Z, Shetty A, Victor DW, Kodali S. Viral hepatitis: A narrative review of hepatitis A–E. World J Meta-Anal 2022; 10:99-121. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v10.i3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis continues to be a major health concern leading to hepatic decompensation ranging from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations are not only debilitating but also associated with a significant economic burden. Over the last two decades, the field of virology has made significant breakthroughs leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis, which in turn has led to new therapeutic options. The advent of direct-acting antiviral agents changed the landscape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy, and new drugs are in the pipeline for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment. There has also been a significant emphasis on screening and surveillance programs, widespread availability of vaccines, and linkage of care. Despite these efforts, significant gaps persist in care, and there is a pressing need for increased collaboration and teamwork across the globe to achieve a reduction of disease burden and elimination of HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunirah Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Akshay Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - David W Victor
- Department of Hepatology, J C Walter Jr Transplant Center, Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Sudha Kodali
- Department of Hepatology, J C Walter Jr Transplant Center, Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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21
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Borkakoty B, Sarmah MD, Majumdar T, Bhattacharjee CK, Baruah PJ, Biswas D, Kaur H. Role of Innate Immune Regulatory Genes, FOXP3 and FOS in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:338-344. [PMID: 35580072 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leading to chronic infection and its sequalae is responsible for over half a million deaths worldwide. The reason for persistence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is still not clearly understood. An attempt was made to understand the role of immune regulatory genes in CHB in comparison to spontaneously cleared HBV infection. Relative gene expression of 26 genes involved in innate immunity were studied using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Array. A total of 679 subjects from three different geographical regions of Northeast India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tripura) were included in this case-control study. The cases were subdivided into CHB cases with HBeAg(+)(72), CHB with HBeAg(-)(278), spontaneously cleared controls (88), and healthy controls (228). Overall, 28.3% of the subjects had previous exposure with HBV, while 28.6% had protective antibodies IgG/IgM against HBV. There was a statistically higher number of CHB in men (66.4%) compared to women (33.6%) (p = 0.0001). Proto-oncogene FOS has been found to be moderately upregulated in CHB with HBeAg +ve (2.3-fold) and significantly upregulated (4.1-fold upregulation) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, FOXP3 was found to be significantly upregulated (3.0-fold, p = 0.01) in CHB with HBeAg (+) compared to spontaneously cleared HBV infection. In conclusion, CHB with HBeAg positivity was found to have disrupted immune response with upregulation of FOS and FOXP3. Thus, early induction of HBeAg seroconversion with interferon-based therapy or oral nucleos(t)ide analogs along with FOS inhibitors can have important clinical implications in the management of CHB and preventing cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajyoti Borkakoty
- Regional VRDL, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Mandakini Das Sarmah
- Regional VRDL, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Tapan Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, India
| | | | - Pranjal Jyoti Baruah
- Regional VRDL, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Dipanakr Biswas
- Regional VRDL, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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22
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KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:276-331. [PMID: 35430783 PMCID: PMC9013624 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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23
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Use of a Deep Learning Approach for the Sensitive Prediction of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels in Inactive Carrier Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020387. [PMID: 35054079 PMCID: PMC8779966 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that can be employed to accurately predict biological transitions. Eliminating hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAgs) is the final therapeutic endpoint for chronic hepatitis B. Reliable predictors of the disappearance or reduction in HBsAg levels have not been established. Accurate predictions are vital to successful treatment, and corresponding efforts are ongoing worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to identify an optimal deep learning model to predict the changes in HBsAg levels in daily clinical practice for inactive carrier patients. We identified patients whose HBsAg levels were evaluated over 10 years. The results of routine liver biochemical function tests, including serum HBsAg levels for 1, 2, 5, and 10 years, and biometric information were obtained. Data of 90 patients were included for adaptive training. The predictive models were built based on algorithms set up by SONY Neural Network Console, and their accuracy was compared using statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed a mean absolute percentage error of 58%, and deep learning revealed a mean absolute percentage error of 15%; thus, deep learning is an accurate predictive discriminant tool. This study demonstrated the potential of deep learning algorithms to predict clinical outcomes.
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24
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Dunn R, Wetten A, McPherson S, Donnelly MC. Viral hepatitis in 2021: The challenges remaining and how we should tackle them. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:76-95. [PMID: 35125820 PMCID: PMC8793011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis results in 1.4 million deaths annually. The World Health Organization (WHO) set an ambitious target to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030, but significant challenges remain. These include inequalities in access to healthcare, reaching at risk populations and providing access to screening and effective treatment. Stigma around viral hepatitis persists and must be addressed. The WHO goal of global elimination by 2030 is a worthy aim, but remains ambitious and the coronavirus 2019 pandemic undoubtedly has set back progress. This review article will focus on hepatitis A to E, highlighting problems that have been resolved in the field over the past decade, those that remain to be resolved and suggest directions for future problem solving and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dunn
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees TS198PE, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Wetten
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle NE77DN, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart McPherson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle NE77DN, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE17RU, United Kingdom
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25
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Wei L, Zhao T, Zhang J, Mao Q, Gong G, Sun Y, Chen Y, Wang M, Tan D, Gong Z, Li B, Niu J, Li S, Gong H, Zou L, Zhou W, Jia Z, Tang Y, Fei L, Hu Y, Shang X, Han J, Zhang B, Wu Y. Efficacy and safety of a nanoparticle therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A randomized clinical trial. Hepatology 2022; 75:182-195. [PMID: 34396571 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM HBV DNA can be reduced using antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion remains low. A clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a de novo designed liposome-based nanoparticle lipopeptide vaccine, εPA-44, for CHB. APPROACH AND RESULTS A two-stage phase 2 trial, which included a 76-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (stage 1) and a 68-week open-label extension (stage 2), was conducted in 15 centers across China (Clinicaltrials.gov No. NCT00869778). In stage 1, 360 human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2)-positive and HBeAg-positive patients were randomly and equally distributed to receive six subcutaneous injections of 600 µg or 900 µg εPA-44 or placebo at week 0, 4, 8, 12, 20, and 28. In stage 2, 183 patients received extended 900 µg εPA-44, and 26 patients were observed for relapse without further treatment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with HBeAg seroconversion at week 76. At week 76, patients receiving 900 µg εPA-44 achieved significantly higher HBeAg seroconversion rate (38.8%) versus placebo (20.2%) (95% CI, 6.9-29.6%; p = 0.002). With a combined endpoint of HBeAg seroconversion, alanine aminotransferase normalization and HBV DNA < 2,000 IU/mL, both 900 µg (18.1%) and 600 µg (14.3%), resulted in significantly higher rate versus placebo (5.0%) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively) at week 76. In stage 2, none (0 of 20) of 900 µg εPA-44-treated patients experienced serologic relapse. The safety profile of εPA-44 was comparable to that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS Among HLA-A2-positive patients with progressive CHB, a finite duration of 900 µg εPA-44 monotherapy resulted in significantly higher HBeAg seroconversion rate than placebo and sustained off-treatment effect. A phase 3 trial is ongoing (ChiCTR2100043708).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Infectious Diseases Institute of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhong Gong
- Infectious Diseases Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongtao Sun
- Infectious Diseases Department, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maorong Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, The 81th Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Deming Tan
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Infectious Diseases Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baosen Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuchen Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanyu Gong
- Infectious Diseases Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyun Zou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengcai Jia
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Fei
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Li J, Qu L, Sun X, Liu Y, Gong Q, Yu D, Zhang D, Jiang J, Chen J, Wei D, Han Y, Gao Y, Zhang Q, She W, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhang X. Peg-interferon alpha add-on Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate achieved more HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B naïve patients. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:1381-1391. [PMID: 34228855 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have showed that combining peg-interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) with nucleotide analogues has complementary effects in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but the optimal regimen and potential mechanisms remain unclear. This was a prospective, longitudinal and multicentre clinical trial (NCT03013556). HBeAg-positive CHB naïve patients were randomly assigned to three groups: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy for 96 weeks, TDF alone for 48 weeks and sequentially Peg-IFNα added for 48 weeks, TDF de novo combination with Peg-IFNα for 48 weeks then TDF alone for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was HBeAg seroconversion at week 96 and HBsAg loss as the secondary endpoint. Furthermore, the levels of 12 cytokines in serum were assessed at different time points. A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis. The rates of HBeAg seroconversion at 96 weeks were not significant different among the three groups (p = 0.157). Interestingly, patients in the Peg-IFNα add-on group showed markedly lower HBsAg level compared with the other two groups at week 96. In addition, only three patients in the Peg-IFNα add-on group achieved HBsAg loss. For the following 24 weeks from week 96, no HBsAg reappearance in the three patients and no new patients with HBsAg loss were observed in the three groups. Serum cytokine analysis showed that the baseline level of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) was strongly higher in HBeAg conversion patients and HBsAg loss patients. Compared with de novo combination and TDF alone, the addition of Peg-IFNα in TDF-treated group might be an effective strategy for HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive CHB naïve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Demin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiehong Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Liver Disease Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin She
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ahluwalia S, Choudhary D, Tyagi P, Kumar V, Vivekanandan P. Vitamin D signaling inhibits HBV activity by directly targeting the HBV core promoter. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101233. [PMID: 34562448 PMCID: PMC8517215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies support a role for vitamin D in suppressing hepatitis B virus (HBV). This antiviral role of vitamin D is widely attributed to vitamin D receptor (VDR)/retinoid X receptor-mediated regulation of host immunomodulatory genes through vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in their promoters. Here, we investigated the ability of calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, metabolically activated vitamin D) to directly regulate HBV activity through this signaling pathway. We observed that calcitriol selectively inhibited only the HBV core promoter without affecting the HBV-PreS1, HBV-PreS2/S, or HBx promoters. We then identified a VDRE cluster in the HBV core promoter that is highly conserved across most HBV genotypes. Disruption of this VDRE cluster abrogated calcitriol-mediated suppression of the HBV core promoter. Furthermore, we showed that VDR interacts directly with the VDRE cluster in the HBV core promoter independent of retinoid X receptor. This demonstrates that calcitriol inhibits HBV core promoter activity through a noncanonical calcitriol-activated VDR pathway. Finally, we observed that calcitriol suppressed expression of the canonical HBV core promoter transcripts, pregenomic RNA, and precore RNA in multiple HBV cell culture models. In addition, calcitriol inhibited the secretion of hepatitis B "e" antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBV-encoded proteins linked to poor disease prognosis), without affecting virion secretion. Our findings identify VDR as a novel regulator of HBV core promoter activity and also explain at least in part the correlation of vitamin D levels to HBV activity observed in clinical studies. Furthermore, this study has implications on the potential use of vitamin D along with anti-HBV therapies, and lays the groundwork for studies on vitamin D-mediated regulation of viruses through VDREs in virus promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaksh Ahluwalia
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Purnima Tyagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Vivekanandan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Chen XF, Fan YN, Si CW, Yu YY, Shang J, Yu ZJ, Mao Q, Xie Q, Zhao W, Li J, Gao ZL, Wu SM, Tang H, Cheng J, Chen XY, Zhang WH, Wang H, Xu ZN, Wang L, Dai J, Xu JH. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients: Results of a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, clinical trial at 96 weeks. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4690-4699. [PMID: 34222435 PMCID: PMC8223849 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a prodrug of a nucleotide analogue. As an antiviral drug, TDF has been proposed in the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Qingzhong, a brand name of TDF, commercialized by Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd., and Viread, another brand name of TDF, commercialized by GlaxoSmithKline, have both been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration, China.
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of the two TDF agents in the treatment of Chinese CHB patients.
METHODS This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier number of NCT02287857. A total of 330 Chinese CHB patients, among which 232 were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive, were included in this 5-year-long, multicenter, double-blinded, double-dummy, randomized-controlled, non-inferiority phase III trial. The participants were initially randomized into two groups: Group A (n = 161), in which the participants received 300 mg Qingzhong once a day for 48 wk; and Group B, in which the participants received 300 mg Viread once a day for 48 wk. Starting from week 49, all the participants in Groups A and B received 300 mg Qingzhong once a day until the 96th week. In this study, the primary endpoint was the decrease in plasma level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA at the 96th week, while the secondary endpoints were suppression of HBV replication, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, HBeAg loss, and HBeAg seroconversion rates.
RESULTS For the participants with HBeAg-positive CHB, the decrease in mean HBV DNA level relative to the baseline value was comparable between Groups A and B (5.77 vs 5.73 log10 IU/mL, P > 0.05) at the 96th week. In addition, similar percentages of HBeAg-positive participants in the two groups exhibited undetectable levels of HBV DNA, HBeAg loss, and HBeAg seroconversion (71.05% vs 77.97%, 31.00% vs 27.27%, and 20.22% vs 15.79%, respectively, in Group A vs Group B; P > 0.05). For the participants with HBeAg-negative CHB, the decrease in mean HBV DNA level relative to the baseline value was also comparable between Groups A and B (4.46 vs 4.70 log10 IU/mL, P > 0.05) at the 96th week. In addition, similar percentages of HBeAg-negative participants in the two groups exhibited undetectable levels of HBV DNA (87.23% vs 94.12% in Group A vs Group B, respectively; P > 0.05). Finally, similar percentages of CHB patients (HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative) in the two groups exhibited normalization of ALT (80.14% vs 84.57% in Group A vs Group B, respectively; P > 0.05), and similar incidences of adverse events were observed (106 vs 104 in Group A vs Group B, respectively; P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Both Qingzhong and Viread are effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese CHB patients according to the results of our clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ya-Nan Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chong-Wen Si
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shan-Ming Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201052, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- Department of International Medical, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Wen-Hong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Xu
- Clinical Center, Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Clinical Center, Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Clinical Center, Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Hang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Early Normalization of Alanine Aminotransferase during Antiviral Therapy Reduces Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HBV Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091840. [PMID: 33922708 PMCID: PMC8123072 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent antiviral agents effectively reduce liver-related events in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to determine whether alanine aminotransferase normalization using potent antiviral agents was related to hepatocellular carcinoma development. From 2007 to 2017, we included 610 patients with chronic hepatitis B who received entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. The patients were divided into the alanine aminotransferase normalization group (Gr.1) and non-normalization group (Gr.2) within a year of potent antiviral treatment. Liver-related events included hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, and ascites. The mortality rate and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence were investigated for each group. The patients who showed ALT normalization at 1 year of treatment were 397 (65.1%) of 610. During a median follow-up period of 86 months, 65 (10.7%) patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly lower in Gr.1 than in Gr.2 (p < 0.001). Risk factors for alanine aminotransferase non-normalization were body mass index, cholesterol, and liver cirrhosis at baseline. Male sex, age, platelet level, alcohol use, presence of cirrhosis at baseline, and non-normalization after 1 year of treatment were independent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Alanine aminotransferase normalization within 1 year of initiating antiviral agents reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development.
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Huang YS, Cheng CY, Liou BH, Lu PL, Cheng SH, Lee YT, Liu CE, Sun HY, Yang CJ, Tang HJ, Lin SP, Ho MW, Huang SH, Tsai HC, Lee CH, Hung CC. Efficacy and Safety of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide as Maintenance Treatment in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:473-481. [PMID: 33273214 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral therapy to coformulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) has not been widely investigated in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected Asian population. METHODS Between February and October 2018, HIV/HBV-coinfected patients who had achieved HIV viral suppression with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimens were switched to E/C/F/TAF. Assessments of plasma HBV and HIV viral load, HBV serology, renal function, lipid profiles, and bone mineral density (BMD) were performed at weeks 24 and 48 after switch. RESULTS A total of 274 HIV/HBV-coinfected participants were enrolled, with 12.8% testing HBeAg-positive and 94.2% having plasma HBV DNA <20 IU/mL at baseline. At weeks 24 and 48, 92.7% and 89.8% achieved plasma HBV DNA <20 IU/mL; 4.7% and 5.1% had HBV DNA ≥20 IU/mL; and 2.6% and 5.1% had no data, respectively. At weeks 24 and 48, 95.6% and 94.2% of participants maintained HIV RNA <50 copies/mL, respectively. Compared with baseline, the median urine β2-microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio at week 48 decreased significantly from 165 to 90 μg/g (P < 0.001). The mean BMD of the spine and hip improved at week 48 (+1.77% and +1.33%, respectively). Significantly higher lipid profiles were observed after switch to E/C/F/TAF. Thirteen (4.7%) patients withdrew from the study before week 48, with 7 (2.6%) patients because of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Switch to E/C/F/TAF maintained HBV and HIV viral suppression and resulted in the improvement of proteinuria and BMD of the spine and hip but increased lipid levels in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients at week 48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Huang Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ti Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Eng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chin Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Comparison of HBV-DNA Levels with Biochemical and Microbiological Parameters for Chronic Hepatitis Evaluation, Bursa, Turkey. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.9.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Vyas AK, Lslam M, Garg G, Singh AK, Trehanpati N. Humoral Immune Responses and Hepatitis B Infection. Dig Dis 2021; 39:516-525. [PMID: 33429386 DOI: 10.1159/000514274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronicity or seroclearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens is determined by the host immune responses. Current approaches to treat HBV patients are based on inhibition of replication using different antivirals (nucleoside or nucleotide analogs) as monotherapy, or along with immune modulators as combination therapy is being used worldwide for reducing the viral load. Understanding the role of immune cellular therapies with currently available treatments for persistent viral-mediated responses in HBV patients is unexplored. However, the generation of antibodies against a surface (HBs) and envelop (HBe) antigen of hepatitis B remains an issue for future studies and needs to be explored. SUMMARY Humoral immunity, specifically T follicular helper (TFh) cells, may serve as a target for therapy for HBsAg seroconversion. In this review, we have been engrossed in the importance and role of the humoral immune responses in CHBV infection and vertical transmission. Key Message: TFh cells have been suggested as the potential target of immunotherapy which lead to seroconversion of HBe and HBs antigens of HBV. HBsAg seroconversion and eradication of covalently closed circular DNA are the main challenges for existing and forthcoming therapies in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Vyas
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Mojahidul Lslam
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Garg
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Anirudh K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Liu TW, Huang CF, Yeh ML, Tsai PC, Jang TY, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Less liver fibrosis marker increment in overweight chronic hepatitis B patients observed by age-adjusted Fibrosis-4 Index. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2020; 7:bmjgast-2020-000543. [PMID: 33323472 PMCID: PMC7745320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Chronic hepatitis B patients in Taiwan with no or limited liver injury are not reimbursed for antiviral treatment by the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI). Innovative fibrosis marker, age-adjusted Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB4-AA), was implemented to evaluate the tendency of liver fibrosis in these patients. Methods The FIB-4 indices of 256 antiviral treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital from 2003 to 2019 were reviewed. The difference in initial FIB-4 and last FIB4-AA was treated as a categorical variable, representing the tendency of liver fibrosis in each individual aside from ageing. Logistic regression was implemented to evaluate the three parameters most dependent on increment of FIB4-AA: e seroconversion, body mass index (BMI) and initial FIB-4 index. Results The yearly FIB-4 growth rate of an individual without chronic hepatitis was lower than that of the study group (0.0237 vs 0.0273 for males, 0.02 vs 0.0288 for females). Patients undergoing or completing e seroconversion were less prone to increment of FIB4-AA (p=0.036, OR 0.524). Logistic regression revealed that BMI ≥25 kg/m2 significantly less increment of FIB4-AA (p=0.001, OR 0.383, 95% CI 0.212 to 0.690), while patients with initial FIB-4 <1.29 were prone to increasing liver FIB4-AA (p=0.000, OR 3.687, 95% CI 1.999 to 6.797). Conclusion Chronic hepatitis B patients not meeting the reimbursement criteria of the Taiwan NHI are prone to increment of liver fibrosis marker. Overweight is associated with less increment of fibrosis marker, while initial FIB-4 <1.29 is associated with increasing fibrosis marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Liu
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Internal Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Internal Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wongjarupong N, Yonli AT, Nagalo BM, Djigma FW, Somda SK, Hassan MA, Mohamed EA, Sorgho AP, Compaore TR, Soubeiga ST, Kiendrebeogo I, Sanou M, Diarra B, Yang H, Chen C, Ouattara AK, Zohoncon TM, Martinson JJ, Buetow K, Chamcheu JC, Antwi SO, Borad MJ, Simpore J, Roberts LR. Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection With Genotype E Predominance in Burkina Faso. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1781-1792. [PMID: 33305149 PMCID: PMC7706297 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E (HBV-E) accounts for the majority of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections in West Africa. We aimed to determine factors associated with HBV-E-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in West Africa. Data on patients from Burkina Faso who were hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) and had CHB were analyzed. HBV viral load and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status were measured in 3,885 individuals with CHB without HCC (CHB HCC-) and 59 individuals with CHB with HCC (CHB HCC+). HBV genotyping was performed for 364 subjects with CHB HCC- and 41 subjects with CHB HCC+. Overall, 2.5% of the CHB HCC- group was HBeAg+ compared with 0% of the CHB HCC+ group. Of the 364 patients who were CHB HCC- with available genotyping, the frequencies of HBV genotypes E and C/E were 70.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Age (odds ratio [OR] for older age, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.10 per 1-year increase in age), male sex (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11-3.69), and HBV viremia (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.31-1.67 per 1 log10 IU/mL) were each associated with HCC diagnosis. Patients with genotype E had a lower HBeAg prevalence (6.3% vs. 14.9%), lower HBV viral load, and higher prevalence of cirrhosis (14.5% vs. 4.8%) than patients with genotype C/E. Conclusion: HBV-E is the most common circulating strain (70.3%) in West African patients. HCC was associated with older age, male sex, and high HBV viral load. It is expected that these results will further inform guidance on clinical management of HBV infection in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Theophane Yonli
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | | | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Sosthene Kounpielime Somda
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | | | - Essa A. Mohamed
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Abel Pegdwende Sorgho
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Serge Theophile Soubeiga
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Isabelle Kiendrebeogo
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Mahamoudou Sanou
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Birama Diarra
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Hwai‐I Yang
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Abdoul K. Ouattara
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Théodora M. Zohoncon
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Jeremy J. Martinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Computational Sciences and Informatics Program for Complex Adaptive SystemArizona State UniversityTempeAZ
| | | | - Samuel O. Antwi
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL
| | - Mitesh J. Borad
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyMayo Clinic HospitalPhoenixAZ
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPietro Annigonni Biomolecular Research CenterOuagadougouBurkina FasoWest Africa
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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Lian YF, Xu Y, Gu YR, Bi YH, Liao CH, Zhao MX, Liao XL, Wang ZH, Wu HK, Huang YH. Distinct T-cell receptor profiles associated with hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during entecavir treatment. Liver Int 2020; 40:2672-2684. [PMID: 32564486 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is ambiguously changed in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients during antivirus therapy. We tried to assess TCR repertoire dynamics and its clinical significance upon HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients. METHODS Twenty CHB patients undergoing 1-year entecavir (ETV) treatment were enrolled, including 10 complete response (CR) vs 10 non-complete response (NCR) patients based on HBeAg seroconversion at week 48. The TCRβ complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at weeks 0, 12 and 48 was analyzed by unbiased high-throughput sequencing. The TCR repertoire profiles and their correlations with serological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS The diversity of TCRβ repertoires was decreasing in CR patients but increasing in NCR patients. The distribution pattern of TCR repertoires stratified according to clonotype frequencies changed in the opposite direction between CR and NCR patients. Narrow amounts of newly appearing clonotypes in CR patients experienced a more intensive and robust expansion and this phenomenon could occur as early as week 12 for the CD4+ subset but later at week 48 for the CD8+ subset. There existed some CR-exclusive clonotypes with a relatively low but increasing frequency at week 48. The number of unique TCRβ clonotypes was positively correlated with the ALT or HBV DNA level in CR patients but showed no or negative correlation in NCR patients. CONCLUSION Distinct TCR profiles contribute to predicting HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients during ETV treatment and certain TCRβ CDR3 motif may be utilized for CHB immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Rong Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Xian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Lin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Muraleedharan A, Bupesh G. A short note on HBV infection. Bioinformation 2020; 16:505-508. [PMID: 32994674 PMCID: PMC7505248 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HBV-related liver sickness or hepatocellular carcinoma is common worldwide. Therefore, it is of interest to document the current trends in hepatitis prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Muraleedharan
- 1Research and Development Wing, Central Research Laboratory, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), BIHER, Chrompet, Chennai - 600044, India
| | - Giridharan Bupesh
- 1Research and Development Wing, Central Research Laboratory, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), BIHER, Chrompet, Chennai - 600044, India
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37
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Lenci I, Milana M, Grassi G, Manzia TM, Gazia C, Tisone G, Angelico R, Baiocchi L. Hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation: An old tale or a clear and present danger? World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2166-2176. [PMID: 32476783 PMCID: PMC7235198 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i18.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) has been described more than 50 years ago. Similarly, to other clinical conditions, in which impairment of host immune defense favors viral replication, early reports described in details recurrence and reactivation of HBV in liver transplant recipients. The evidence of a possible, severe, clinical evolution of HBV reappearance in a significant percentage of these patients, allowed to consider, for some years, HBV positivity a contraindication for LT. Moving from the old to the new millennium this picture has changed dramatically. Several studies contributed to establish efficient prophylactic protocols for HBV recurrence and with the advent of more potent anti-viral drugs an increased control of infection was achieved in transplanted patients as well as in the general immune-competent HBV population. Success obtained in the last decade led some authors to the conclusion that HBV is now to consider just as a “mere nuisance”. However, with regard to HBV and LT, outstanding issues are still on the table: (1) A standard HBV prophylaxis protocol after transplant has not yet been clearly defined; (2) The evidence of HBV resistant strains to the most potent antiviral agents is claiming for a new generation of drugs; and (3) The possibility of prophylaxis withdrawal in some patients has been demonstrated, but reliable methods for their selection are still lacking. The evolution of LT for HBV is examined in detail in this review together with the description of the strategies adopted to prevent HBV recurrence and their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lenci
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Martina Milana
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grassi
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Tommaso M Manzia
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Carlo Gazia
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Roberta Angelico
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
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Geng J, Bao H, Chen Y, Shi L, Geng J, Wang Q, Yu H. Nucleos(t)ide analogues for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:823-834. [PMID: 32329638 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1760843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health problem caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and can put patients at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, CHB can be treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues for the treatment of CHB patients. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed. Direct comparison meta-analyses and network meta-analysis (NMA) were carried out. RESULTS Thirty-six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, the nucleos(t)ide analogues were all effective in HBeAg seroconversion, HBeAg loss, and achieving undetectable HBV DNA. Telbivudine was associated with higher HBeAg seroconversion compared with entecavir. For HBeAg loss rate and proportion of achieving undetectable HBV DNA, tenofovir ranked as the best. Entecavir might be the most potent in the normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The nucleos(t)ide analogues did not have higher serious adverse events rate as compared with placebo. CONCLUSION The nucleos(t)ide analogues are all effective for HBeAg seroconversion, HBeAg loss, undetectable HBV DNA, and most are effective for ALT normalization in adults with CHB. RCTs of multi-center, low risk of bias, and long-term follow-up are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinSong Geng
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Medical School of Nantong University , Jiangsu, China
| | - HaiNi Bao
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Medical School of Nantong University , Jiangsu, China
| | - YaLan Chen
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Medical School of Nantong University , Jiangsu, China
| | - LiLi Shi
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Medical School of Nantong University , Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianyungang No 1 People's Hospital , Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ningxiang People's Hospital , Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, MA, USA
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39
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Liu Y, Le C, Tyrrell DL, Le XC, Li XF. Aptamer Binding Assay for the E Antigen of Hepatitis B Using Modified Aptamers with G-Quadruplex Structures. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6495-6501. [PMID: 32250595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The e antigen of hepatitis B (HBeAg) is positively associated with an increased risk of developing liver cancer and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Clinical monitoring of HBeAg provides guidance to the treatment of CHB and the assessment of disease progression. We describe here an affinity binding assay for HBeAg, which takes advantage of G-quadruplex aptamers for enhanced binding and stability. We demonstrate a strategy to improve the binding affinity of aptamers by modifying their sequences upon their G-quadruplex and secondary structures. On the basis of predicting a stable G-quadruplex and a secondary structure, we truncated 19 nucleotides (nt) from the primer regions of an 80-nt aptamer, and the resulting 61-nt aptamer enhanced binding affinity by 19 times (Kd = 1.2 nM). We mutated a second aptamer (40 nt) in one loop region and incorporated pyrrolo-deoxycytidine to replace deoxycytidine in another loop. The modified 40-nt aptamer, with a stable G-quadruplex and two modified loops, exhibited a 100 times higher binding affinity for HBeAg (Kd = 0.4 nM) than the unmodified original aptamer. Using the two newly modified aptamers, one serving as the capture and the other as the reporter, we have developed an improved sandwich binding assay for HBeAg. Analyses of HBeAg in serum samples (concentration ranging from 0.1 to 60 ng/mL) of 10 hepatitis B patients, showing consistent results with clinical tests, demonstrate a successful application of the aptamer modification strategy and the associated aptamer binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Connie Le
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
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Fu B, Ji Y, Hu S, Ren T, Bhuva MS, Li G, Yang H. Efficacy and safety of anti-viral therapy for Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227532. [PMID: 31940324 PMCID: PMC6961902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the potency of anti-viral treatment for hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). Method: We searched for controlled clinical trials on anti-viral therapy for HBV-GN in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed from inception to March 11th 2019. Seven trials, including 182 patients met the criteria for evaluating. The primary outcome measures were proteinuria and changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the secondary outcome measure was hepatitis B e-antigen clearance. A fixed or random effect model was established to analyze the data. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the effects of clinical trial type, anti-viral drug type, age, and follow-up duration. Results The total remission rate of proteinuria (OR = 10.48, 95% CI: 4.60−23.89, I2 = 0%), complete remission rate of proteinuria (OR = 11.64, 95% CI: 5.17−26.21, I2 = 23%) and clearance rate of Hepatitis Be Antigen (HBeAg) were significantly higher in the anti-viral treatment group than in the control group (OR = 27.08, 95% CI: 3.71−197.88, I2 = 63%). However, antiviral therapy was not as effective regarding the eGFR (MD = 5.74, 95% CI: -4.24−15.73). In the subgroup analysis, age and drug type had significant impacts on proteinuria remission, and study type and follow-up duration only slightly affected the heterogeneity. Conclusion Antiviral therapy induced remission of proteinuria and increased HBeAg clearance but failed to improve the eGFR. Pediatric patients were more sensitive to antiviral therapy than adults. IFNs seem more effective but are accompanied by more adverse reactions than NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shouci Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Maheshkumar Satishkumar Bhuva
- International Department, Tongji University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Li
- Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (GL)
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (GL)
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Li XK, Zhang MX, Shao FZ, Zhou DQ, Xue JD, Liu TJ, Chi XL, Lu BJ, Wang XB, Li Q, Li J, Mao DW, Yang HS, Yang HZ, Zhao WX, Li Y, Zhang GL, Zhao YM, Zou JD, Liu MY, Zhang KK, Yang XZ, Gan DN, Li Y, Zhang P, Li ZG, Li S, Ye YA. Adefovir Dipivoxil plus Chinese Medicine in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Randomized Controlled 48-Week Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:330-338. [PMID: 31919749 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a 48-week course of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus Chinese medicine (CM) therapy, namely Tiaogan Jianpi Hexue () and Tiaogan Jiedu Huashi () fomulae, in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 605 HBeAg-positive Chinese CHB patients were screened and 590 eligible participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups in 1:1 ratio including experimental group (EG, received ADV plus CM) and control group (CG, received ADV plus CM-placebo) for 48 weeks. The major study outcomes were the rates of HBeAg and HBV-DNA loss on week 12, 24, 36, 48, respectively. Secondary endpoints including liver functions (enzymes and bilirubin readings) were evaluated every 4 weeks at the beginning of week 24, 36, and 48. Routine blood, urine, and stool analyses in addition to electrocardiogram and abdominal B scan were monitored as safety evaluations. Adverse events (AEs) were documented. RESULTS The combination therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg loss at 48 weeks, without additional AEs. The full analysis population was 560 and 280 in each group. In the EG, population achieved HBeAg loss on week 12, 24, 36, and 48 were 25 (8.90%), 34 (12.14%), 52 (18.57%), and 83 (29.64%), respectively; the equivalent numbers in the CG were 20 (7.14%), 41 (14.64%), 54 (19.29%), and 50 (17.86%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these group values on week 48 (P<0.01). No additional AEs were found in EG. Subgroup analysis suggested different outcomes among treatment patterns. CONCLUSION Combination of CM and ADV therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg clearance compared with ADV monotherapy. The finding indicates that this combination therapy may provide an improved therapeutic effect and safety profile (ChiCTR-TRC-11001263).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, the Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, 110006, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Shao
- Department of Hepatology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Da-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xue
- Department of Hepatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Tie-Jun Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chi
- Department of Hepatology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing-Jiu Lu
- Department of Hepatology, Liaoning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatology, the 302 Military Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - De-Wen Mao
- Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Hua-Sheng Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wen-Xia Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian-Dong Zou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ke-Ke Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xian-Zhao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Da-Nan Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong-An Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver Disease, Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Lin S, Fu Y, Wu W, Chen T, Chen N, Xun Z, Liu C, Ou Q, Zeng Y, Huang H. The efficacy of addition of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Peg-IFNα-2b is superior to the addition of Entecavir in HBeAg positive CHB patients with a poor response after 12 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b treatment alone. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1458-1463. [PMID: 32624702 PMCID: PMC7330670 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are limited data regarding the efficacy of addition of entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to Peg-IFNα-2b in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients without early response to Peg-IFNα-2b. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETV and TDF in HBeAg positive CHB patients who had a poor response to Peg-INFα-2b at the end of 12 weeks of monotherapy. Methods: A total of 40 HBeAg-positive CHB patients who were naive to antiviral therapy were recruited. The patients received a subcutaneous injection of Peg-IFNα-2b (180 µg) once a week for 12 weeks. However, the patients had a poor response to Peg-INFα-2b at the end of the 12-week-period monotherapy. The patients were then divided into two therapeutic protocol groups: (1) Group A: Patients received Peg-IFNα-2b (180 µg) subcutaneously weekly and ETV (0.5 mg) orally once daily for 48 weeks; (2) Group B: Patients received Peg-IFNα-2b (180 µg) subcutaneously weekly and TDF (300 mg) orally once daily for 48 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. Blood samples were collected at baseline and every 12 weeks. Routine biochemical tests including ALT, AST, etc. were measured by automated biochemical technique. HBV DNA was quantified using the TaqMan PCR assay. The levels of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb were measured using a commercial chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Results: The HBsAg level declined rapidly in both two treatment groups during the first 12 weeks and declined gradually in the next 36 weeks. At week 48, the mean ΔHBsAg level in Peg-IFNα-2b+TDF group was significantly higher than that in Peg-IFNα-2b +ETV group (-1.799 ± 0.3063 vs. -1.078 ± 0.2028, P=0.0491). The HBeAg loss rate was significantly higher in TDF add-on group than that in ETV add-on group at week 48 (40% vs. 10%, P=0.028). At week 48, the proportions of patients with undetectable HBV DNA (<500 IU/mL) were 80% (16 out of 20) and 95% (19 out of 20) in Peg-IFNα-2b+ETV group and Peg-IFNα-2b+TDF group, respectively. Conclusions: This real world study demonstrated that the efficacy of addition of TDF to Peg-IFNα-2b is superior to the efficacy of addition of ETV to Peg-IFNα-2b in HBeAg positive CHB patients with a poor response after 12 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b treatment alone. However, this present study also requires a larger sample size study to verify in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Ya Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Wennan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Ningdai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Machine-learning based patient classification using Hepatitis B virus full-length genome quasispecies from Asian and European cohorts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18892. [PMID: 31827222 PMCID: PMC6906359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of advanced liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relative contribution of virological factors to disease progression has not been fully defined and tools aiding the deconvolution of complex patient virus profiles is an unmet clinical need. Variable viral mutant signatures develop within individual patients due to the low-fidelity replication of the viral polymerase creating 'quasispecies' populations. Here we present the first comprehensive survey of the diversity of HBV quasispecies through ultra-deep sequencing of the complete HBV genome across two distinct European and Asian patient populations. Seroconversion to the HBV e antigen (HBeAg) represents a critical clinical waymark in infected individuals. Using a machine learning approach, a model was developed to determine the viral variants that accurately classify HBeAg status. Serial surveys of patient quasispecies populations and advanced analytics will facilitate clinical decision support for chronic HBV infection and direct therapeutic strategies through improved patient stratification.
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Zhu F, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang D. Effects of IFN monotherapy versus combined therapy on HBeAg seroconversion or seroclearance in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients: A meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103912. [PMID: 31816402 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent available treatment guidelines are pointing up clearance or seroconversion of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) as a valuable endpoint in treating HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. To evaluate the effect of combination therapy [interferon (IFN) plus nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)] versus IFN monotherapy on HBeAg seroconversion or seroclearance in HBeAg-positive CHB patients. METHODS All available controlled clinical studies, published from Jan 2000 to Sep 2018, with CHB receiving IFN and NA combination therapy or IFN monotherapy were included. Risk ratio (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated with a fixed-effects model when I2 <50% for the test for heterogeneity. Publication bias was measured using Egger's test. RESULTS Twelve studies were included. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that IFN and NA combination therapy had a superior HBeAg seroconversion rate or clearance rate compared with IFN monotherapy at the end of treatment (EOT). Sub-analysis showed IFN plus adefovir dipivoxi (ADV) therapy had a better HBeAg seroconversion or seroclearance rate at EOT or at the end of follow-up (EOF). CONCLUSION Compared with IFN monotherapy, the combined therapy had a higher e-antigen serological response at EOT, but failed to improve the sustained response at EOF. Only combination therapy with IFN and ADV is superior to IFN monotherapy at the EOT or EOF for HBeAg seroconversion or seroclearance in HBeAg-positive CHB patients. The effect of other combination therapies is not superior to IFN monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qiongfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Ghozy S, Nam NH, Radwan I, Karimzadeh S, Tieu TM, Hashan MR, Abbas AS, Eid PS, Vuong NL, Khang NV, Elgabalawy E, Sayed AK, Hoa PTL, Huy NT. Therapeutic efficacy of hepatitis B virus vaccine in treatment of chronic HBV infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2019; 30:e2089. [PMID: 31811678 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for improved treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We reviewed the literature to explore the efficacy of HB vaccines alone or in combination therapy (CT) with antiviral drugs in CHB patients and to meta-analyze data from randomized controlled trials. We conducted a systematic search in ten databases. All studies investigating the efficacy of HBV vaccine in HBV infected patients were included with no restrictions. Among 1359 studies initially identified, 23 studies (n = 1956 patients) were included for the final analysis. CT showed a significant reduction of HBV DNA compared with analogue monotherapy (AM) at the 12-month follow-up period (odds ratio (OR) = 2.835, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.275, 6.306], p = .011). Additionally, CT also remarkably induce HbsAg loss in comparison with AM (OR = 11.736, 95% CI [1.841, 74.794], p = .009). Our pooled data revealed no difference between treatment and control regarding alanine aminotransferase normalization, HBeAg seroconversion, and HBeAg disappearance. In addition, CT using vaccine and NAs resulted in a statistically significant higher incidence of adverse effects than AM. The therapeutic effects of combination therapy for patients with CHB were encouraging, but future studies need to investigate all possible treatment combinations and assess their cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Ghozy
- Neurosurgery Department, El Sheikh Zayed Specialized Hospital, Giza, Egypt.,Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ibrahim Radwan
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sedighe Karimzadeh
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Thuan Minh Tieu
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Rashidul Hashan
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Respiratory and Enteric Infections Department, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alzhraa Salah Abbas
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Peter Samuel Eid
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nguyen Lam Vuong
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vinh Khang
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eman Elgabalawy
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Pham Thi Le Hoa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Le PH, Kuo CJ, Hsieh YC, Chen TH, Lin CL, Yeh CT, Liang KH. Ages of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and life expectancy are associated with a UGT2B28 genomic variation. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1190. [PMID: 31805979 PMCID: PMC6896495 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive solid tumor. HCC occurred at younger and elder ages were considered driven by different oncogenic mechanisms, and they demonstrated distinct clinical courses. Methods A total of 382 HCC patients treated by surgical resections was analyzed. Results A univariate-multivariate analysis showed that viral etiology (chronic hepatitis B, C) and the UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B28 (UGT2B28) genomic variant rs2132039 were independently associated with the age at presentation of HCC (all adjusted P < 0.05). An extensive evaluations of clinicalpathological factors showed that the age (Odds ratio [OR], 1.016; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.032; adjusted P = 0.037) and ascites (OR, 3.505; CI, 1.358–9.048; adjusted P = 0.010) were two independent factors associated with this genomic variant. The age was 54.1 ± 14.6 years for patients with the “TT” variant type, and 58.2 ± 13.7 years for those with the “Non-TT” variant type. The age disparity was most prominent in alcoholic patients (OR, 1.079; CI, 1.035–1.125; P < 0.001, age of “TT”, 49.6 ± 12.2; age of “non-TT”, 59.3 ± 10.7). This genomic variant was also associated with age of recurrence (P = 0.025), distant metastasis (P = 0.024) and HCC-related death (P = 0.008) in non-censored patients. Conclusions An UGT2B28 genomic variant was indicative of the age of HCC presentation, recurrence, distant metastasis and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puo-Hsien Le
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Shin street, Kuei-Shan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Shin street, Kuei-Shan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Shin street, Kuei-Shan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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47
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Shen S, Wong GLH, Kuang Z, van Campenhout MJH, Fan R, Wong VWS, Yip TCF, Chi H, Liang X, Hu X, Lin W, Wu Y, Liu X, Boonstra A, Hou J, Sun J, Chan HLY. Development and validation of a model for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in entecavir-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1206-1213. [PMID: 31724212 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is a satisfactory endpoint during antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to develop and validate a novel scoring system to predict HBeAg seroconversion during entecavir (ETV) treatment. A total of 526 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB treated with ETV for at least 1 year were randomly assigned to the training and validation cohorts. Baseline parameters including hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and alanine aminotransferase level were quantified. Patients who achieved HBeAg seroconversion were compared with those without HBeAg seroconversion. A prediction model was established to predict HBeAg seroconversion during ETV treatment. After a median follow up of 2.67 years, 93 (36.0%) and 87 (32.5%) patients in the training and validation cohorts developed HBeAg seroconversion. A prediction score composed of age, HBsAg and HBcAb quantification was derived. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curve at 5 years of this prediction score were 0.70 and 0.72 in the training and validation cohorts. By using the dual cutoff values of 0.28 and 0.58, the model was endowed with high sensitivity and specificity to exclude or identify patients developing HBeAg seroconversion (90.3% sensitivity and 90.2% specificity in the training cohort as well as 92.8% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity in the validation cohort, respectively). A novel prediction score that uses baseline clinical variables was developed and validated. The score accurately estimates the probabilities of developing HBeAg seroconversion at 5-years ETV therapy in patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Grace L-H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhe Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margo J H van Campenhout
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vincent W-S Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terry C-F Yip
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xieer Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Henry L-Y Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ouyang Y, Fu X, Peng S, Tan D, Fu L. Plasma miR-146a predicts serological conversion of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleotide analogs. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:449. [PMID: 31700885 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the association of plasma miR-146a with serological conversion of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with nucleotide analogs (NAs). Methods This was a retrospective study of 115 HBeAg-positive patients with CHB treated at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, between September 2009 and March 2014. Patients were grouped according to whether they had achieved seroconversion of HBeAg by 104 weeks of NAs treatment. We assessed plasma miR-146a using miScript polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titer, HBeAg titer, and plasma miR-146a were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 104 weeks of treatment. Finally, we also determined ΔmiR-146a24w and ΔmiR-146a48w. Results ΔmiR-146a48w was independently associated with seroconversion of HBeAg at 104 weeks [odds ratio (OR) =1.302; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.159-1.962; P=0.029]. We obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of ΔmiR-14648w of 0.757 for seroconversion of HBeAg (P=0.013). At the optimal cutoff value equivalent to a Youden index of 67.9%, the specificity and sensitivity of ΔmiR-14648w were 63.7% and 88.3%, respectively. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were 70.87% and 84.48%, respectively. Conclusions ΔmiR-146a48w was independently associated with seroconversion of HBeAg in CHB patients treated with NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Deming Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Changsha 410008, China
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Association of virological breakthrough and clinical outcomes in entecavir-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221958. [PMID: 31469875 PMCID: PMC6716625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims To evaluate virological breakthrough (VBT) and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving entecavir (ETV) treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital and a total of 228 HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with ETV for more than 48 weeks were enrolled. Clinical outcome measures included HBeAg seroclearance, maintained virological response and the development of HCC. Results During a median follow-up period of 197 weeks, VBT developed in 26 (11.4%) patients (VBT group), and the other 202 patients without VBT (non-VBT group). The overall cumulative rate of HBeAg seroclearance in the VBT group and non-VBT group were 23.1% and 23.8%, 27.1% and 37.9%, 27.1% and 55.1%, 27.1% and 74.1%, 27.1% and 76.7% from week 48 to 240, respectively(p = 0.013). The cumulative probability of maintained virological responses from week 48 to 240 were 7.69% and 21.78%, 7.69% in the VBT groups and 36.85%, 7.69% and 51.68%, 7.69% and 64.97%, 7.69% and 72.1% in the non-VBT groups, respectively (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age (p<0.001) and virological response at week 24 (p = 0.005) were independently associated with VBT. Cox regression analysis showed that cirrhosis had carried the highest risk for HCC (HR = 4.99, CI = 1.14–21.81, p = 0.033). Subgroup survival analysis by Kaplan–Meier method showed that patients with VBT had higher incidence of developing HCC than without VBT in cirrhotic patients (50% (95%CI = 1–99%) vs 9% (95% CI = 1–9%); p = 0.048). Conclusions VBT was associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including a low probability of HBeAg seroclearance, failure to achieve maintained virological responses, and a risk of developing HCC. Patients, particularly with cirrhosis, who had experienced VBT during ETV treatment, more likely developed HCC.
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50
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Large-scale viral genome analysis identifies novel clinical associations between hepatitis B virus and chronically infected patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10529. [PMID: 31324819 PMCID: PMC6642195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high global prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, datasets covering the whole hepatitis B viral genome from large patient cohorts are lacking, greatly limiting our understanding of the viral genetic factors involved in this deadly disease. We performed deep sequencing of viral samples from patients chronically infected with HBV to investigate the association between viral genome variation and patients' clinical characteristics. We discovered novel viral variants strongly associated with viral load and HBeAg status. Patients with viral variants C1817T and A1838G had viral loads nearly three orders of magnitude lower than patients without those variants. These patients consequently experienced earlier viral suppression while on treatment. Furthermore, we identified novel variants that either independently or in combination with precore mutation G1896A were associated with the transition from HBeAg positive to the negative phase of infection. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that mutation of the HBeAg open reading frame is an important factor driving CHB patient's HBeAg status. This analysis provides a detailed picture of HBV genetic variation in the largest patient cohort to date and highlights the diversity of plausible molecular mechanisms through which viral variation affects clinical phenotype.
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