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Pandey N, Vaishnav R, Rajavat AS, Singh AN, Kumar S, Tripathi RM, Kumar M, Shrivastava N. Exploring the potential of Bacillus for crop productivity and sustainable solution for combating rice false smut disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405090. [PMID: 38863756 PMCID: PMC11165134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut, which is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens), is one of the most threatening diseases in most of the rice-growing countries including India that causes 0.5-75% yield loss, low seed germination, and a reduction in seed quality. The assessment of yield loss helps to understand the relevance of disease severity and facilitates the implementation of appropriate management strategies. This study aimed to mitigate biotic stress in rice by employing a rhizobacterial-based bioformulation, which possesses diverse capabilities as both a plant growth promoter and a biocontrol agent against U. virens. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the soil of the rice rhizospheres from the healthy plant of the false smut affected zone. Furthermore, they were identified as Bacillus strains: B. subtilis (BR_4), B. licheniformis (BU_7), B. licheniformis (BU_8), and B. vallismortis (KU_7) via sequencing. Isolates were screened for their biocontrol potential against U. virens under in vitro conditions. The antagonistic study revealed that B. vallismortis (KU_7) inhibited U. virens the most (44.6%), followed by B. subtilis BR_4 (41.4%), B. licheniformis BU_7 (39.8%), and B. licheniformis BU_8 (43.5%). Various biochemical and plant growth promoting attributes, such as phosphate and Zn solubilization, IAA, ammonium, siderophore, and chitinase production, were also investigated for all the selected isolates. Furthermore, the potential of the isolates was tested in both in vitro and field conditions by employing talc-based bioformulation through bio-priming and root treatment. The application of bioformulation revealed a 20% decrease in disease incidence in plants treated with B. vallismortis (KU_7), a 60.5% increase in the biological yield, and a 45% increase in the grain yield. This eco-friendly approach not only controlled the disease but also improved the grain quality and reduced the chaffiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Vaishnav
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asha Singh Rajavat
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Nath Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Mani Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Garhkhatanga, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Salem SH, Saber M, Gadow S, Kabary H, Zaghloul A. Influence of the use of remediated soil and agricultural drainage water on the safety of tomato fruits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31546-31561. [PMID: 38632200 PMCID: PMC11096225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different techniques employed in remediating contaminated soil and wastewater ecosystems to ensure the safety of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) cultivated in these environments. Three biochemical techniques T1-T3, besides two controls CCU and CCT, were used to remediate contaminated soil ecosystems using rock phosphate, elemental sulfur, bentonite, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and Thiobacillus sp. The contaminated agricultural drainage water was remediated by a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system. Two experiments were conducted: a pot experiment took place in the greenhouse at the National Research Center of Cairo (Egypt) and a field experiment was carried out at the basin site in the village of El-Rahawy, applying the optimal treatment(s) identified from the greenhouse experiment. The health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the harvested tomato fruits was conducted by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI) and target risk quotient (THQ) values. Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated the high effectiveness of the DHS technique in remediating El-Rahawy agricultural drainage water. The content of PTEs after remediation was significantly reduced by 100%, 93.3%, 97.8, and 77.8% for cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively. The application of treated drainage water in employed reclaimed soil ecosystems led to a remarkable decrease in PTE levels, especially under T3 treatment; the reduction reached 89.4%, 89.5%, and 78.4% for nickel, copper, and zinc, respectively. The bioremediation technique also reduced the content of PTEs in tomato fruits harvested from both greenhouse and field experiments; the cadmium content, for example, was below detection limits in all treatments. The T3 treatment applied in the greenhouse experiment caused the highest percentage decrease among the employed PTEs in tomato fruits grown in the greenhouse. The same trend was also reached in the field experiment. Microbiological analyses of tomato fruits revealed that E. coli, Salmonella, or S. aureus bacteria were identified on tomato fruits harvested from either greenhouses or field experiments, showing that the counted total bacteria were higher under the field experiment compared to the greenhouse experiment. The health risk assessment parameter THQ was below 1.0 for all tested metals under all treatments. This means that no potential health risk is expected from consuming tomato products produced under the different employed remediation treatments. In conclusion, the employed bioremediation techniques successfully reduced the PTE content and microbial load in both soil and drainage water ecosystems and in harvested tomato fruits. Henceforth, no health risks are expected from the consumption of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah H Salem
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Dept., Food Industries and Nutrition Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Saber
- Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Agricultural and Biological Sciences Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samir Gadow
- Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Agricultural and Biological Sciences Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hoda Kabary
- Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Agricultural and Biological Sciences Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaa Zaghloul
- Soils and Water Use Dept., Agricultural and Biological Sciences Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Jambhulkar PP, Singh B, Raja M, Ismaiel A, Lakshman DK, Tomar M, Sharma P. Genetic diversity and antagonistic properties of Trichoderma strains from the crop rhizospheres in southern Rajasthan, India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8610. [PMID: 38616195 PMCID: PMC11016547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There are fewer studies on Trichoderma diversity in agricultural fields. The rhizosphere of 16 crops was analyzed for Trichoderma species in 7 districts of Rajasthan state of India. Based on DNA sequence of translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α), and morphological characteristics, 60 isolates were identified as 11 species: Trichoderma brevicompactum, species in Harzianum clade identified as T. afroharzianum, T. inhamatum, T. lentiforme, T. camerunense, T. asperellum, T. asperelloides, T. erinaceum, T. atroviride, T. ghanense, and T. longibrachiatum. T. brevicompactum is the most commonly occurring strain followed by T. afroharzianum. No new species were described in this study. T. lentiforme, showed its first occurrence outside the South American continent. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the major species were observed, described, and illustrated in detail. The isolates were tested for their antagonistic effect against three soilborne plant pathogens fungi: Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium verticillioides in plate culture assays. One of the most potent strains was T. afroharzianum BThr29 having a maximum in vitro inhibition of S. rolfsii (76.6%), R. solani (84.8%), and F. verticillioides (85.7%). The potential strain T. afroharzianum BThr29 was also found to be efficient antagonists against soil borne pathogens in in vivo experiment. Such information on crop selectivity, antagonistic properties, and geographic distribution of Trichoderma species will be beneficial for developing efficient Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant P Jambhulkar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University (RLBCAU), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India.
- Agricultural Research Station, Banswara, Rajasthan, 327001, India.
| | - Bhumica Singh
- Agricultural Research Station, Banswara, Rajasthan, 327001, India
| | - M Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner-Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303328, India
| | - Adnan Ismaiel
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Dilip K Lakshman
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner-Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303328, India
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Y Ghareeb R, Belal EB, El-Khateeb NMM, Shreef BA. Utilizing bio-synthesis of nanomaterials as biological agents for controlling soil-borne diseases in pepper plants: root-knot nematodes and root rot fungus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:110. [PMID: 38355449 PMCID: PMC10868094 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of Trichoderma longibrachiatum filtrate as a safe biocontrol method for producing zinc nanoparticles is a promising approach for managing pests and diseases in agricultural crops. The identification of Trichoderma sp. was achieved through PCR amplification and sequencing of 18s as ON203115, while the synthesis of ZnO-NPs was accomplished by employing Trichoderma filtration. The presence of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by observing a color change to dark green, along with the use of visible and UV spectrophotometers, and the formation and chemical structure of ZnO-NPs were examined. Direct exposure to ZnO-NPs exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum at 80.73% compared with control. Also, the percent mortality of Meloidogyne incognita second juveniles stage (J2s) results showed 11.82%, 37.63%, 40.86%, and 89.65% after 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively in vitro. Disease resistance was assessed in the greenhouse against M. incognita and F. oxysporum using the drench application of ZnO-NPs. The application of ZnO-NPs significantly reduced the disease severity of F. oxysporum and improved the quality and quantity of sweet pepper yield. In addition, the application of ZnO-NPs to M. incognita resulted in a significant reduction in the number of nematode galls, egg masses per root, eggs/egg mass, and females by 98%, 99%, 99.9%, and 95.5% respectively.Furthermore, it was observed that the application of ZnO-NPs to pepper plants not only inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and M. incognita, but also promoted the recovery of pepper plants as indicated by improvements in stem length by 106%, root length 102%, fresh weight 112%, root fresh weight 107%, and leaf area 118% compared to healthy control plants. Additionally, real-time PCR application and DD-PCR technique revealed that the application of ZnO-NPs stimulated the secretion of certain enzymes. These findings suggest that the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs possess anti-nematode and antifungal properties, making them effective for protecting plants against M. incognita and F. oxysporum invasion in soil. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of the nematicidal and fungicidal activities of ZnO-NPs in suppressing soil-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SARTA, City), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed B Belal
- Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M M El-Khateeb
- Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Basma A Shreef
- Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Kumar S, Shukla V, Tripathi YN, Aamir M, Divyanshu K, Yadav M, Upadhyay RS. Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean ( Phasaeolus vulgaris L.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e23030. [PMID: 38169743 PMCID: PMC10758741 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, 751029, Odisha, India
| | - Vaishali Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aamir
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Saharan R, Patil JA, Yadav S, Kumar A, Goyal V. The nematicidal potential of novel fungus, Trichoderma asperellum FbMi6 against Meloidogyne incognita. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6603. [PMID: 37088805 PMCID: PMC10123068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most damaging pests in vegetable crops is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) worldwide. The continuous use of nematicide is costly and has unintended consequences for human and environmental health. To minimize nematicides, eco-friendly integrated nematode management is required. Trichoderma, an antagonistic fungus has been explored to control root-knot nematode. The fungal bio-control strain FbMi6 was identified as Trichoderma asperellum (accession no. MT529846.1). T. asperellum FbMi6 showed substantial nematicidal activity in the laboratory, with egg hatch suppression (96.6%) and juvenile mortality (90.3%) of M. incognita. T. asperellum FbMi6 was examined under pot and field conditions (after neem cake enrichment), both alone and in combination, and compared with controls. Application of T. asperellum FbMi6 enriched neem cake (1-ton ha-1) increased (28.3%) the okra yield and decreased (57.1%) nematode population as compared with control. T. asperellum FbMi6 enriched neem cake had higher polyphenol content (resistance enhancer) in okra compared with inoculated check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritul Saharan
- Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - J A Patil
- Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Tiwari R, Chandra K, Shukla SK, Jaiswal VP, Amaresan N, Srivastava AK, Gaur A, Sahni D, Tiwari RK. Interference of bio-control Trichoderma to enhance physical and physiological strength of sugarcane during Pokkah boeng infection. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:139. [PMID: 35705749 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous benefits have been derived from the use of fungicides but excessive use of chemical fungicides not only posing threat to human and animal life but also contaminates the prevailing environment. Damage by pathogenic fungi alone causes significant damage to crops like maize, rice, wheat, soybeans, and potatoes. Therefore, it becomes imperative that these diseases are checked and controlled, for which chemical pesticides are being sprayed on plants extensively. Considering the devastating damage and toxicity, the global focus has taken a drift from synthetic chemicals to nature-friendly biological control agents. The present study focuses on the use of biological control agents particularly Trichoderma in sugarcane during Pokkah boeng infection. In the present experiment, twenty promising Trichoderma strains were evaluated for plant growth promotion, lytic enzymes, and physiological and biocontrol activity. Out of the twenty, four potential Trichoderma strains were assessed in the pot experiment viz. T. harzianum strain T28, T41 and T49 and T. aureoviride strain T38. The T. harzianum (T28) showed efficient plant growth-promoting traits as it produced IAA (20.67 µg/ml), phosphorus solubilization (18.57 µg/ml), and cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinase (24.98 µg/ml) and β-glucanase (29.98 µg/ml). The interference of biocontrol agent T. harzianum (T28) controlled the disease by 73.55%. Apart from this, the inoculation of Trichoderma (T28) enhanced growth attributes including germination percentage (26.61%), mean tiller number (8.28 tiller/pot), individual cane length (241.5 cm), single cane weight (1.13 kg) and the number of milleable canes (6.00 cane/pot). Improvements in physiological activities at different growth stages of the sugarcane crop were observed based on the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the leaf surface, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rate. Further, improvement in juice quality parameters was also observed as it recorded the highest 0brix, sucrose, and commercial cane sugar by 21.26%, 19.28%, and 13.50%, respectively, by applying T. harzianum strain T28. Thus, results proved that T. harzianum strain T28 may be an effective eco-friendly biocontrol tool for managing Pokkah boeng disease in sugarcane. This is the first report of the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium proliferatum causing Pokkah boeng disease in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226008, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, India
| | - Kajal Chandra
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - S K Shukla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226008, India
| | - V P Jaiswal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226008, India
| | - Natarajan Amaresan
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | | | - Asha Gaur
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226008, India
| | - Divya Sahni
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226008, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, India.
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Zhang C, Wang W, Xue M, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Hou J, Xing M, Wang R, Liu T. The Combination of a Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma asperellum SC012 and Hymexazol Reduces the Effective Fungicide Dose to Control Fusarium Wilt in Cowpea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090685. [PMID: 34575723 PMCID: PMC8471890 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic fungicide needs to be gradually reduced because of its adverse effect on human health and the environment. An integrated approach combining fungicides with biological control agents (BCAs) can be used to reduce the fungicide doses, thereby minimizing the risks associated with chemical fungicides. In this study, the combined application of a BCA Trichoderma and a fungicide hymexazol was used to manage the cowpea wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The Trichoderma SC012 strain, which is resistant to hymexazol, was screened out and identified as T. asperellum. T. asperellum SC012 showed hyperparasitism to F. oxysporum and could penetrate and encircle the hyphae of pathogen on a medium amended or not with hymexazol. When combined with hymexazol, the population density in the rhizosphere soil of cowpea showed no significant difference compared with the treatment Trichoderma used alone. When the concentration of T. asperellum SC012 or hymexazol was halved, their combined application could control cowpea wilt disease more effectively than their individual use. The findings showed that the combination of Trichoderma and hymexazol could reduce the use of chemical fungicide, which is eco-friendly and may be an important part of integrated control of Fusarium wilt in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Qinman Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Jumei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.H.); (M.X.); (R.W.)
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0898-66215028
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Sarangi S, Swain H, Adak T, Bhattacharyya P, Mukherjee AK, Kumar G, Mehetre ST. Trichoderma-mediated rice straw compost promotes plant growth and imparts stress tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44014-44027. [PMID: 33846916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw burning is causing huge economic losses and environmental hazards. Microbial mediated ex situ composting could be a viable solution which would not only reduce the straw burning but also will enrich nutrition to the soil. Strains of Trichoderma isolated from tree bark were tested to decompose rice straw efficiently, and the Trichoderma-mediated rice straw compost was used subsequently to improve rice growth. Two isolates of Trichoderma reesei (NRRIT-26 and NRRIT-27) decomposed the straw by producing higher decomposing enzymes, like total cellulase (≥ 1.87 IU mL-1), endoglucanase (≥ 0.75 IU mL-1), xylanase (≥ 163.49 nkat mL-1), and laccase (≥ 11.75 IU mL-1). Trichoderma decomposed rice straw compost had higher nutrient contents (1.97% N, 2.04% K, and 0.88% P) and optimum C/N ratio (28:2) as compared to control. The Trichoderma decomposed rice straw as a nutrient reduced the mean germination time (2.2 days as compared to 4 days in control) and enhanced the seedling vigor and total chlorophyll content in rice. Expression of defense enzymes, like catalase (≥ 200% both in shoot and root), peroxidase (≥ 180% in root and ≥ 300% in shoot), and superoxide dismutase (≥ 160% in root and ≥ 90% in shoot), were higher in treated plants as compared to control indicating higher stress tolerance ability to crops. We conclude that the Trichoderma-mediated rice straw management is a viable option and has the potential to reduce straw burning, and at the same time, the compost could enrich soil fertility and impart intrinsic stress tolerance to rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Sarangi
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Harekrushna Swain
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Totan Adak
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Sayaji T Mehetre
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Yadav AN, Kour D, Kaur T, Devi R, Yadav A, Dikilitas M, Abdel-Azeem AM, Ahluwalia AS, Saxena AK. Biodiversity, and biotechnological contribution of beneficial soil microbiomes for nutrient cycling, plant growth improvement and nutrient uptake. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Swain H, Adak T, Mukherjee AK, Sarangi S, Samal P, Khandual A, Jena R, Bhattacharyya P, Naik SK, Mehetre ST, Baite MS, Kumar M S, Zaidi NW. Seed Biopriming With Trichoderma Strains Isolated From Tree Bark Improves Plant Growth, Antioxidative Defense System in Rice and Enhance Straw Degradation Capacity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633881. [PMID: 33717027 PMCID: PMC7952651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a unique report of the utilization of Trichoderma strains collected from even tree barks for rice plant growth, its health management, and paddy straw degradation. Seven different spp. of Trichoderma were characterized according to morphological and molecular tools. Two of the isolated strains, namely Trichoderma hebeiensis and Trichoderma erinaceum, outperformed the other strains. Both of the strains controlled four important rice pathogens, i.e., Rhizoctonia solani (100%), Sclerotium oryzae (84.17%), Sclerotium rolfsii (66.67%), and Sclerotium delphinii (76.25%). Seed bio-priming with respective Trichoderma strains reduced the mean germination time, enhanced the seedling vigor and total chlorophyll content which could be related to the higher yield observed in two rice varieties; Annapurna and Satabdi. All the seven strains accelerated the decomposition of rice straw by producing higher straw degrading enzymes like total cellulase (0.97–2.59 IU/mL), endoglucanase (0.53–0.75 IU/mL), xylanase (145.35–201.35 nkat/mL), and laccase (2.48–12.60 IU/mL). They also produced higher quantities of indole acetic acid (19.19–46.28 μg/mL), soluble phosphate (297.49–435.42 μg/mL), and prussic acid (0.01–0.37 μg/mL) which are responsible for plant growth promotion and the inhibition of rice pathogen populations. Higher expression of defense enzymes like catalase (≥250% both in shoot and root), peroxidase (≥150% in root and ≥100% in shoot), superoxide dismutase (≥ 150% in root and ≥100% in shoot), polyphenol oxidase (≥160% in shoot and ≥120% in shoot), and total phenolics (≥200% in root and ≥250% in shoot) as compared to the control indicates stress tolerance ability to rice crop. The expression of the aforementioned enzymes were confirmed by the expression of corresponding defense genes like PAL (>3-fold), DEFENSIN (>1-fold), POX (>1.5-fold), LOX (>1-fold), and PR-3 (>2-fold) as compared to the non-treated control plants. This investigation demonstrates that Trichoderma strains obtained from tree bark could be considered to be utilized for the sustainable health management of rice crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrushna Swain
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India.,Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Totan Adak
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Sarmistha Sarangi
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Pankajini Samal
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Ansuman Khandual
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Rupalin Jena
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Soumendra K Naik
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Sayaji T Mehetre
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, India
| | - Mathew S Baite
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Sunil Kumar M
- International Rice Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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12
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Fan H, Yao M, Wang H, Zhao D, Zhu X, Wang Y, Liu X, Duan Y, Chen L. Isolation and effect of Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910 for the biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:299. [PMID: 33008296 PMCID: PMC7531111 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root-knot nematode is one of the most significant diseases of vegetable crops in the world. Biological control with microbial antagonists has been emerged as a promising and eco-friendly treatment to control pathogens. The aim of this study was to screen and identify novel biocontrol agents against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Results A total of 890 fungal isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil of different crops and screened by nematicidal activity assays. Snef1910 strain showed high virulence against second stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita and identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride by morphology analysis and biomolecular assay. Furthermore, T. citrinoviride Snef1910 significantly inhibited egg hatching with the hatching inhibition percentages of 90.27, 77.50, and 67.06% at 48, 72, and 96 h after the treatment, respectively. The results of pot experiment showed that the metabolites of T. citrinoviride Snef1910 significantly decreased the number of root galls, J2s, and nematode egg masses and J2s population density in soil and significantly promoted the growth of tomato plants. In the field experiment, the biocontrol application showed that the control efficacy of T. citrinoviride Snef1910 against root-knot nematode was more than 50%. Meanwhile, T. citrinoviride Snef1910 increased the tomato plant biomass. Conclusions T. citrinoviride strain Snef1910 could be used as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematode, M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiling Yao
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Biocontrol and growth-promoting effect of Trichoderma asperellum TaspHu1 isolate from Juglans mandshurica rhizosphere soil. Microbiol Res 2020; 242:126596. [PMID: 33007636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To better apply the biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp. in Northeast China, collecting and screening more suitable native Trichoderma strains is necessary. In the present study, 10 isolates were obtained from Juglans mandshurica rhizosphere soils in Heilongjiang Province, and were identified as T. asperellum (four isolates), T. harzianum (four), T. hamatum (one), T. atroviride (one). The fastest-growing isolate per species on potato dextrose agar medium were further evaluated in stress tolerance tests (salt, alkali, nutritional stress, and low temperature) and confrontation assays (eight pathogens), which showed that T. asperellum TaspHu1 possessed the best adaptation and biological control ability. Then, Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seeds were sown and treated with a series of concentrations of TaspHu1 spore suspension, as was unsown soil. Tomato seedlings treated by TaspHu1 had a significantly greater height, stem diameter, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content. Furthermore, their nitrate reductase activity and catalase activity were significantly increased, and these promoting effects depended on the concentration of the spore suspension. Meanwhile, a decrease in chlorophyll content was observed in the tomato seedlings treated with TaspHu1. In addition, strain TaspHu1 enhanced the tomato seedlings' absorption of available nitrogen, but did not influence the soil available nitrogen content. Furthermore, the resistance of tomato seedlings against Alternaria alternata was enhanced by TaspHu1 (smaller, fewer leaf spots), the seedlings' hormone signal transduction genes JAR1, MYC2, NPR1, PR1, and GH3.2 were highly expressed. Thus, TaspHu1 is a promising biocontrol candidate for use in agriculture and forestry.
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14
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Loc NH, Huy ND, Quang HT, Lan TT, Thu Ha TT. Characterisation and antifungal activity of extracellular chitinase from a biocontrol fungus, Trichoderma asperellum PQ34. Mycology 2019; 11:38-48. [PMID: 32128280 PMCID: PMC7033689 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1703839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma species were known as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi because they produce a variety of chitinases. Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down glycosidic bonds in chitin, a major component of the cell walls of fungi. The present study shows that extracellular chitinase activity reached a maximum value of approximately 22 U/mL after 96 h of T. asperellum PQ34 strain culture. The optimal temperature and pH of enzyme are 40°C and 7, respectively, whereas the thermal and pH stability range from 25°C to 50°C and 4 to 10, respectively. Chitinase at 60 U/mL inhibited nearly completely in vitro growth of Colletotrichum sp. (about 95%) and Sclerotium rolfsii (about 97%). In peanut plants, 20 U/mL of chitinase significantly reduced the incidence of S. rolfsii infection compared to controls. The fungal infection incidence of seeds before germination and 30 days after germination was only 2.22% and 2.38%, while the control was 13.33% and 17.95%. Besides, chitinase from T. asperellum PQ34 can also prevent anthracnose that is caused by Colletotrichum sp. on both mango and chilli fruits up to 72 h after enzyme pre-treatment at 40 U/mL. In mango and chilli fruits infected with anthracnose, 40 U/mL dose of chitinase inhibited the growth of fungi after 96 h of treatment, the diameter of lesion was only 0.88 cm for mango and 1.45 cm for chilli, while the control was 1.67 cm and 2.85 cm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Huy
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Tan Quang
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thuy Lan
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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15
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Xian HQ, Liu L, Li YH, Yang YN, Yang S. Molecular tagging of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma asperellum and its colonization in soil. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:255-264. [PMID: 31541488 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct molecular tagging of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma asperellum strain T4 and elucidate its colonization patterns in soil. METHODS AND RESULTS We constructed an expression vector harbouring a hygromycin B-resistant gene (hph) and an efficient green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene. By applying Agrobacterium AGL-1-mediated genetic transformation technology, we conducted molecular tagging of T. asperellum and monitored the colonization dynamics of T. asperellum in soil. The results of tracking five independent transformants of T. asperellum indicated that its expansion rates ranged from 4·7 to 6·8 cm week-1 . After inoculation in soil, the quantities of T. asperellum could be maintained at over 10 × 104 CFU per gram soil in the first year. In the third year after inoculation, the quantities of T. asperellum in soil were still higher than 1 × 103 CFU per gram soil. In addition, molecularly tagged T. asperellum in soil in the second year (i.e. 12 months) after inoculation could still reach the biocontrol effect on cucumber Rhizoctonia rot by more than 74%. CONCLUSION Trichoderma asperellum strain T4 is capable of effectively colonizing in soil and surviving for more than 1 year. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study has provided the scientific basis for applying T. asperellum as the biocontrol fungus for prevention and control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Q Xian
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Shandong Province, China
| | - L Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y-H Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y-N Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China
| | - S Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Shandong Province, China.,Qingdao International Center on Microbes Utilizing Biogas, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Silva RN, Monteiro VN, Steindorff AS, Gomes EV, Noronha EF, Ulhoa CJ. Trichoderma/pathogen/plant interaction in pre-harvest food security. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:565-583. [PMID: 31345411 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Large losses before crop harvesting are caused by plant pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and nematodes. Among these, fungi are the major cause of losses in agriculture worldwide. Plant pathogens are still controlled through application of agrochemicals, causing human disease and impacting environmental and food security. Biological control provides a safe alternative for the control of fungal plant pathogens, because of the ability of biocontrol agents to establish in the ecosystem. Some Trichoderma spp. are considered potential agents in the control of fungal plant diseases. They can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth, resistance to diseases, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Furthermore, Trichoderma can directly kill fungal plant pathogens by antibiosis, as well as via mycoparasitism strategies. In this review, we will discuss the interactions between Trichoderma/fungal pathogens/plants during the pre-harvest of crops. In addition, we will highlight how these interactions can influence crop production and food security. Finally, we will describe the future of crop production using antimicrobial peptides, plants carrying pathogen-derived resistance, and plantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto N Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Valdirene Neves Monteiro
- Campus of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Campus Henrique Santillo, Anapolis, Goiás State, Brazil
| | - Andrei Stecca Steindorff
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Eriston Vieira Gomes
- Department of Biofunctional, Center of Higher Education Morgana Potrich Eireli, Morgana Potrich College, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Cirano J Ulhoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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17
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Swain H, Adak T, Mukherjee AK, Mukherjee PK, Bhattacharyya P, Behera S, Bagchi TB, Patro R, Shasmita, Khandual A, Bag M, Dangar T, Lenka S, Jena M. Novel Trichoderma strains isolated from tree barks as potential biocontrol agents and biofertilizers for direct seeded rice. Microbiol Res 2018; 214:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Naglot A, Goswami S, Rahman I, Shrimali DD, Yadav KK, Gupta VK, Rabha AJ, Gogoi HK, Veer V. Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma viride Strain against Potent Tea Fungal Pathogens in North East India. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 31:278-89. [PMID: 26361476 PMCID: PMC4564153 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, β-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Naglot
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | - S. Goswami
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | - I. Rahman
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | - D. D. Shrimali
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | - Kamlesh K. Yadav
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | - Vikas K. Gupta
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | | | - H. K. Gogoi
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
| | - Vijay Veer
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur (Assam),
India
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Ogbebor NO, Adekunle AT, Eghafona ON, Ogboghodo AI. Biological control of Rigidoporus lignosus in Hevea brasiliensis in Nigeria. Fungal Biol 2014; 119:1-6. [PMID: 25601145 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo control of fungal antagonists on Rigidoporus lignosus (klotzsch) Imaz in Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg. in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. In vitro assessments of biological agents were carried out in dixenic cultures in Petri plates. In vivo tests were carried out in the nursery using Hypocrea virens and Hypocrea jecorina. Significant differences were observed with the dual inoculations of fungal antagonists and R. lignosus inoculated the same day, and the antagonists inoculated 24 h before inoculation of R. lignosus. Hypocrea jecorina was most effective in the control of R. lignosus with percentage inhibition of 86.83 %. Hypocrea virens, H. jecorina, Trichoderma spirale, Trichoderma sp., Trichoderma sp. Pers, and Hypocrea lixii were effective on R. lignosus. Fungal antagonists inoculated 24 h before inoculation of R. lignosus exhibited higher inhibitory efficacies than antagonists and R. lignosus inoculated the same day. In the in vivo evaluation of fungi antagonists on R. lignosus, seedlings in H. jecorina treatment at 60 d and H. virens treatment at 150 d after inoculations respectively had the highest plant heaths (highest length of stem and length of tap rot, lowest plant death, and least foliar symptom) compared to the control. Mortality rate was higher at 60 d after inoculation and decline from the third months onward. Significant differences were observed between the control and R. lignosus treatment in all the parameters evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Obehi Ogbebor
- Plant Protection Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 1049, Iyanomo, Benin City 300241, Nigeria.
| | - Adefunke Temitayo Adekunle
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City 300241, Nigeria
| | - Odeh Nosakhare Eghafona
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City 300241, Nigeria
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