1
|
Lanciano T, Alfeo F, Curci A, Marin C, D'Uggento AM, Decarolis D, Öner S, Anthony K, Barzykowski K, Bascón M, Benavides A, Cabildo A, de la Mata-Benítez ML, Ergen İ, Filip K, Gofman A, Janssen SMJ, Kai-Bin Z, Markostamou I, Matías-García JA, Nourkova V, Oleksiak S, Santamaría A, Szpunar K, Taylor A, Watson LA, Zheng J. The flashbulb-like nature of memory for the first COVID-19 case and the impact of the emergency. A cross-national survey. Memory 2024; 32:264-282. [PMID: 38315731 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2310554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Flashbulb memories (FBMs) refer to vivid and long-lasting autobiographical memories for the circumstances in which people learned of a shocking and consequential public event. A cross-national study across eleven countries aimed to investigate FBM formation following the first COVID-19 case news in each country and test the effect of pandemic-related variables on FBM. Participants had detailed memories of the date and others present when they heard the news, and had partially detailed memories of the place, activity, and news source. China had the highest FBM specificity. All countries considered the COVID-19 emergency as highly significant at both the individual and global level. The Classification and Regression Tree Analysis revealed that FBM specificity might be influenced by participants' age, subjective severity (assessment of COVID-19 impact in each country and relative to others), residing in an area with stringent COVID-19 protection measures, and expecting the pandemic effects. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated that age and subjective severity negatively predicted FBM specificity, whereas sex, pandemic impact expectedness, and rehearsal showed positive associations in the total sample. Subjective severity negatively affected FBM specificity in Turkey, whereas pandemic impact expectedness positively influenced FBM specificity in China and negatively in Denmark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Alfeo
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Marin
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Sezin Öner
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kristine Anthony
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Krystian Barzykowski
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miguel Bascón
- Laboratory of Human Activity, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alec Benavides
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Cabildo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - İrem Ergen
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Katarzyna Filip
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alena Gofman
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Steve M J Janssen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Kai-Bin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ioanna Markostamou
- Division of Psychology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Jose Antonio Matías-García
- Laboratory of Human Activity, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Veronika Nourkova
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sebastian Oleksiak
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrés Santamaría
- Laboratory of Human Activity, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karl Szpunar
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea Taylor
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Ann Watson
- Center for Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jin Zheng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopes B, Jaspal R. Identity Processes and Psychological Wellbeing Upon Recall of a Significant "Coming Out" Experience in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:207-231. [PMID: 36041082 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the relations between minority stressors, protective factors and psychological wellbeing among lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people. Experimental data based on a sample of 156 showed that participants asked to recall a negative coming out experience to somebody significant reported more identity threat and distress and less positive affect compared to those recalling a neutral coming out experience. In the negative recall condition, the effects of the stressors of discrimination and rejection on the variance of distress through the mediation of identity threat were statistically significant but not in the neutral recall condition and the two conditions statistically significantly differed in regards to the relationship between discrimination and distress. Identity resilience-continuity was associated with less identity threat and distress in the negative recall condition only, while social support was negatively associated and LGB stigma sensitivity was positively associated with distress in both conditions. Degree of outness (operating as a coping strategy) was associated with increased positive affect in both the neutral and negative recall conditions. When recalling a negative coming out experience, LGB people may be more susceptible to distress associated with minority stressors but also capitalize on available coping strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lopes
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rusi Jaspal
- Vice-Chancellor's Office, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YJ, Shin KL, Kang SW. Variation in leisure sport conflicts and coping strategies depending on participation type and proximity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1093541. [PMID: 36923028 PMCID: PMC10008941 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1093541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction New conflict types have arisen in leisure sports activities due to social regulations designed to address COVID-19. We analyze the differences in conflict-inducing factors and coping strategies across various types of leisure sports and levels of spatial proximity. Methods Korean adults aged between 20 and 60 years, who had participated in leisure sports activities since the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020, were surveyed, and 508 responses were collected for analysis. The differences in leisure sports conflicts and coping strategies across the types of leisure sports participation and spatial proximity were tested. Results The results show that conflict due to prejudice was higher in typical indoor sports activities, such as Pilates, yoga, and gym workouts, whereas conflict due to competition or not observing etiquette was higher in indoor golf. Second, conflict due to prior expectations and prejudice was high in outdoor sports activities, such as jogging and hiking. Finally, all participants showed avoidance behavior, but it was observed more frequently in outdoor sports than indoor sports. Discussion The study reveals how much leisure conflict is induced by various types of leisure sports participation, particularly during outdoor activities, which usually feature a relatively low density of participants. It underscores the necessity of developing structural approaches to resolving leisure conflicts in dangerous spaces or requiring intensive management and creating new leisure sports activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-lee Shin
- Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh L, Rathbone CJ, Moulds ML, Holmes EA. Future self-imagery of young people in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory mixed methods analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 43:1-15. [PMID: 36570058 PMCID: PMC9765368 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Global restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly limited the capacity to plan for the future. Little is known about young people's future self-images and the impact the COVID-19 pandemic may have had upon them. Given evidence that the ability to imagine a positive future can be protective for mental health, research into the impact of the pandemic on future self-imagery is needed. In two studies, we therefore explored the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for future self-imagery in an unselected sample of young people in Sweden, specifically: (a) how content and characteristics of future self-images changed from before to during the pandemic, and (b) how such change was related to trauma history, intrusive memories of COVID-19 media footage, past time perspective and optimism (assessed with questionnaires/intrusive memory diary). Future self-images before and during the pandemic were assessed using the 'I Will Be' task (N Study1=74; N Study2=99). A mixed methods design, combining quantitative analysis, qualitative content coding and thematic analysis was used. Exploratory results of Study 1 indicated that future images were rated as less positive during than before the pandemic and that this reduction was less pronounced in people with higher optimism. Results were replicated in an independent sample (Study 2, collected later during the pandemic). In conclusion, whilst the findings are preliminary and emerged from an unselected sample, they prompt the suggestion that brief, novel interventions which aim to bolster positive future imagery may hold promise as a scalable means by which to enhance mental health for young people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04100-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Singh
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clare J Rathbone
- Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle L. Moulds
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Emily A. Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Wang M, Zhang X, Sun P, Liu M. The role of parental conflict in predicting adolescent depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36068881 PMCID: PMC9436462 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the association and the underlying mechanism between parental conflict and adolescent depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a longitudinal study, a total of 655 Chinese adolescents ranging from 13 to 16 years old completed a three-wave survey (W1, W2, W3) via a survey website. The data was collected three times: March 15-20, 2020 (W1, the outbreak period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mainland China), June 20-25, 2020 (W2, the trough stage), and December 15-20, 2020 (W3, six months after the trough stage). The SPSS 16.0 software was used to investigate the relationships among study variables. The findings showed that a double-hump effect was found for depression detection among adolescents during the pandemic, with depression rates in W1 (26.9%) and W3 (29%) were higher than that in W2 (21.9%). The parental conflict subscales of content and resolution had a greater impact on adolescent adjustment than other subscales. The parental conflict had direct and indirect impacts (through reducing family support and increasing burdensomeness) on adolescent depression symptoms in W3. It was concluded that when the COVID-19 pandemic was in a trough curve for more than six months, adolescent adjustment was significantly impacted by the pandemic, and parental conflict was an important risk factor in predicting individual adjustment. Therefore, family intervention is recommended when improving adolescent adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoShan Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, No 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 People’s Republic of China
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, No 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, No 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, No 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyong Sun
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, No 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, No 99, Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mourelatos E. How personality affects reaction. A mental health behavioral insight review during the Pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:8644-8665. [PMID: 34744405 PMCID: PMC8563358 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is changing our psychology and behavior. This ongoing negative event, imposing restrictions such as home isolation and social distancing, can result in heightened anxiety, depression and a sense of loneliness, with immediate effects on mental health. This study investigates adolescents’ reaction to the pandemic, by analyzing the behavioral mental health trends of depression, anxiety and sense of loneliness, in relation to personality traits. After controlling for demographics and family background, our results reveal strong relationships between several personality traits and psychological health indicators, during the pandemic in Greece. A total of 419 secondary school students (aged 12–18) were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Big Five Inventory for measuring personality (BFI) and the Children’s Loneliness Questionnaire (CLS) during two time periods within pandemic. Overall, it appears that depression increased significantly in line with the escalation of the pandemic, while anxiety decreased, with the strongest predictors being the personality variables of extraversion, neuroticism and openness. Surprisingly, the study also revealed that the level of extraversion has a positive effect on changes in anxiety, while a negative one on changes in depression. On the other hand, neuroticism and openness seem to negatively correlate with anxiety changes and positively with depression changes. These findings highlight the importance of considering these variables in addressing individuals’ mental health behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and elucidate the literature by offering a deeper understanding of the strong relationship between personality, depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Mourelatos
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Economics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Termine C, Dui LG, Borzaga L, Galli V, Lipari R, Vergani M, Berlusconi V, Agosti M, Lunardini F, Ferrante S. Investigating the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on Italian children and adolescents with and without neurodevelopmental disorders: a cross-sectional study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:8615-8631. [PMID: 34720549 PMCID: PMC8542499 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the impact of social distancing and lifestyle changes that occurred during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown on children and adolescents with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). An online questionnaire was administered in order to investigate the effects of NDD condition, socio-demographic status, familiar/home environment and COVID-19 exposure on their lives during a two months period of social isolation. We used logistic regression, focusing on five endpoints (remote learning, lifestyle, stress/anxiety, sociality, scolding) to define the extent of these effects. Most questions were paired up to parents and children, to verify the occurrence of agreement. 8305 questionnaires were analyzed, 1362 of which completed by NDDs and 6943 by controls. Results showed that the presence of a NDD, compared to controls, had a significant impact on: Remote Learning (i.e. subjects with NDDs experienced more difficulties in attending online classes and studying), Sociality (i.e. subjects with NDDs missed their schoolmates less), Scolding (i.e. subjects with NDDs were scolded more often) and Anxiety (i.e. subjects with NDDs were perceived by their parents as more anxious). Substantial agreement between parents and children arose from questions concerning Remote learning, Lifestyle and Scolding. The current study actually points out that having a NDD gives account for a stronger influence on school performance and on behavioral and psychological aspects, during a two months lockdown. Such results may provide useful information to governments and school authorities on how carrying through supportive strategies for youth affected by NDDs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02321-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Termine
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 19, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Linda Greta Dui
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, NearLab, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Borzaga
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 19, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Vera Galli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossella Lipari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 19, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Vergani
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Berlusconi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 19, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Massimo Agosti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, NearLab, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Ferrante
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, NearLab, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schaffler Y, Gächter A, Dale R, Jesser A, Probst T, Pieh C. Concerns and Support after One Year of COVID-19 in Austria: A Qualitative Study Using Content Analysis with 1505 Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8218. [PMID: 34360512 PMCID: PMC8346103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent governmental restrictions have had a major impact on the daily lives of Austrians and negatively affected their mental health. A representative sample of N = 1505 individuals was recruited via Qualtrics® to participate in an online survey between 23 December 2020 and 4 January 2021. A qualitative study design was used to determine the problem areas that emerged since the beginning of the pandemic (question 1), the factors that were the source of the greatest current concern (question 2), the biggest worries when thinking about the future (question 3), and what the most important source of support (question 4) during the pandemic was. The written responses were analyzed using conventional content analysis following a framework for qualitative research and reported in the form of descriptive statistics. Restrictions imposed by the government, sociopolitical developments, work- and health-related issues, and economic disruptions were identified as being the greatest concerns. Conversely, social contacts within and outside the family were the most important source of support, followed by recreational activities and distraction. Greater consideration should be given to psychosocial factors in future decisions to contain the pandemic. More detailed qualitative research, in particular, to collect the personal experience of more vulnerable groups such as young people, women, and the unemployed, is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schaffler
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Afsaneh Gächter
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Rachel Dale
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| |
Collapse
|