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Rehfeld M, Matschke J, Hagel C, Willenborg K, Glatzel M, Bernreuther C. Differential expression of stem cell markers in proliferating cells in glioma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2969-2982. [PMID: 34170383 PMCID: PMC8397690 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The identification of prognostically and therapeutically relevant molecular markers is fundamental to the further development of personalised therapies in brain tumours. Current therapeutic options for the treatment of gliomas rely mainly on surgical resection and the inhibition of tumour cell proliferation by irradiation and chemotherapy. Glioma stem cells are a subpopulation of proliferating tumour cells that have self-renewal capacity and can give rise to heterogeneous cells that comprise the tumour and are thought to play a role in the resistance of gliomas to therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of markers of glioma stem cells and differentiated glial cells in proliferating glioma cells in comparison to the overall expression of the respective markers in the tumour tissue. Methods Tissue microarrays were assembled from specimen of pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, and anaplastic ependymoma. These were immunohistochemically double stained with antibodies against the proliferation-associated antigen Ki67 and marker proteins for glioma stem cells (CD133, Nestin, Musashi, CD15, CD44), and differentiated glioma cells (GFAP, MAP2c). Results The expression of both glial and glioma stem cell markers differs between proliferating and non-proliferating glioma cells. Furthermore, the proliferating cells in the different glial tumour entities show a different expression profile. Conclusion Further analysis of marker expression in proliferating glioma cells and correlation with clinical outcome and susceptibility to irradiation and chemotherapy might help establish new biomarkers and therapies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Rehfeld
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Willenborg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wang L, Han S, Yan C, Yang Y, Li Z, Yang Z. The role of clinical factors and immunocheckpoint molecules in the prognosis of patients with supratentorial extraventricular ependymoma: a single-center retrospective study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1259-1270. [PMID: 33387039 PMCID: PMC7954746 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Supratentorial extraventricular ependymoma (SEE) is a rare subset of ependymomas located in the supratentorial parenchyma, and little is known regarding its management and prognosis. Our study aimed to reveal the prognostic factors in patients with SEE and the roles of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), Ki-67, and neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) in predicting these patients' outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively studied the clinical features and prognostic factors in 48 patients with SEE admitted to our center from April 2008 to October 2018. Tissue slides were constructed from patient samples, and PD-L1, PD-1, Ki-67, and L1CAM expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Patients with gross total resection (GTR) had better progression-free survival than patients with subtotal resection (STR). Moreover, the recurrence hazard ratios in patients with STR at 3, 5, and 10 years were 8.746, 6.866 and 3.962 times those of patients with GTR, respectively. PD-L1 positivity predicted worse progression-free survival, while the recurrence hazard ratios for patients with PD-L1 positivity at 3, 5, and 10 years were 10.445, 5.539, and 3.949 times those of patients with PD-L1 negativity, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression and GTR could independently predict outcomes in patients with SEE. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression was an independent and more readily obtained predictor of outcomes, representing a simple and reliable biological prognostic factor for patients with SEE. Further studies are needed to explore PD-L1 inhibitor treatment for patients with ependymoma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION No clinical trials were performed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Changxiang Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Yakun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
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3
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Butt E, Alyami S, Nageeti T, Saeed M, AlQuthami K, Bouazzaoui A, Athar M, Abduljaleel Z, Al-Allaf F, Taher M. Mutation profiling of anaplastic ependymoma grade III by Ion Proton next generation DNA sequencing. F1000Res 2019; 8:613. [PMID: 32612806 PMCID: PMC7317822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18721.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ependymomas are glial tumors derived from differentiated ependymal cells. In contrast to other types of brain tumors, histological grading is not a good prognostic marker for these tumors. In order to determine genomic changes in an anaplastic ependymoma, we analyzed its mutation patterns by next generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: Tumor DNA was sequenced using an Ion PI v3 chip on Ion Proton instrument and the data were analyzed by Ion Reporter 5.6. Results: NGS analysis identified 19 variants, of which four were previously reported missense variants; c.395G>A in IDH1, c.1173A>G in PIK3CA, c.1416A>T in KDR and c.215C>G in TP53. The frequencies of the three missense mutations ( PIK3CA c.1173A>G, KDR c.1416A>T, TP53, c.215C>G) were high, suggesting that these are germline variants, whereas the IDH1 variant frequency was low (4.81%). However, based on its FATHMM score of 0.94, only the IDH1 variant is pathogenic; other variants TP53, PIK3CA and KDR had FATHMM scores of 0.22, 0.56 and 0.07, respectively. Eight synonymous mutations were found in FGFR3, PDGFRA, EGFR, RET, HRAS, FLT3, APC and SMAD4 genes. The mutation in FLT3 p.(Val592Val) was the only novel variant found. Additionally, two known intronic variants in KDR were found and intronic variants were also found in ERBB4 and PIK3CA. A known splice site mutation at an acceptor site in FLT3, a 3'-UTR variant in the CSF1R gene and a 5'_UTR variant in the SMARCB1 gene were also identified. The p-values were below 0.00001 for all variants and the average coverage for all variants was around 2000x. Conclusions: In this grade III ependymoma, one novel synonymous mutation and one deleterious missense mutation is reported. Many of the variants reported here have not been detected in ependymal tumors by NGS analysis previously and we therefore report these variants in brain tissue for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Butt
- Histopathology Division, Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Histopathology Department, Amna Inayat Medical College, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabra Alyami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Nageeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University and Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlQuthami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainularifeen Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Butt E, Alyami S, Nageeti T, Saeed M, AlQuthami K, Bouazzaoui A, Athar M, Abduljaleel Z, Al-Allaf F, Taher M. Mutation profiling of anaplastic ependymoma grade III by Ion Proton next generation DNA sequencing. F1000Res 2019; 8:613. [PMID: 32612806 PMCID: PMC7317822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18721.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ependymomas are glial tumors derived from differentiated ependymal cells. In contrast to other types of brain tumors, histological grading is not a good prognostic marker for these tumors. In order to determine genomic changes in an anaplastic ependymoma, we analyzed its mutation patterns by next generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: Tumor DNA was sequenced using an Ion PI v3 chip on Ion Proton instrument and the data were analyzed by Ion Reporter 5.6. Results: NGS analysis identified 19 variants, of which four were previously reported missense variants; c.395G>A in IDH1, c.1173A>G in PIK3CA, c.1416A>T in KDR and c.215C>G in TP53. The frequencies of the three missense mutations ( PIK3CA c.1173A>G, KDR c.1416A>T, TP53, c.215C>G) were high, suggesting that these are germline variants, whereas the IDH1 variant frequency was low (4.81%). However, based on its FATHMM score of 0.94, only the IDH1 variant is pathogenic; other variants TP53, PIK3CA and KDR had FATHMM scores of 0.22, 0.56 and 0.07, respectively. Eight synonymous mutations were found in FGFR3, PDGFRA, EGFR, RET, HRAS, FLT3, APC and SMAD4 genes. The mutation in FLT3 p.(Val592Val) was the only novel variant found. Additionally, two known intronic variants in KDR were found and intronic variants were also found in ERBB4 and PIK3CA. A known splice site mutation at an acceptor site in FLT3, a 3'-UTR variant in the CSF1R gene and a 5'_UTR variant in the SMARCB1 gene were also identified. The p-values were below 0.00001 for all variants and the average coverage for all variants was around 2000x. Conclusions: In this grade III ependymoma, one novel synonymous mutation and one deleterious missense mutation is reported. Many of the variants reported here have not been detected in ependymal tumors by NGS analysis previously and we therefore report these variants in brain tissue for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Butt
- Histopathology Division, Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Histopathology Department, Amna Inayat Medical College, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabra Alyami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Nageeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University and Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlQuthami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainularifeen Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Virág J, Haberler C, Baksa G, Piurkó V, Hegedüs Z, Reiniger L, Bálint K, Chocholous M, Kiss A, Lotz G, Glasz T, Schaff Z, Garami M, Hegedűs B. Region Specific Differences of Claudin-5 Expression in Pediatric Intracranial Ependymomas: Potential Prognostic Role in Supratentorial Cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 23:245-252. [PMID: 27395057 PMCID: PMC5371650 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are common pediatric brain tumors that originate from the ependyma and characterized by poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence. However, the current WHO grading system fails to accurately predict outcome. In a retrospective study, we analyzed 54 intracranial pediatric ependymomas and found a significantly higher overall survival in supratentorial cases when compared to infratentorial tumors. Next we performed region-specific immunohistochemical analysis of the ependyma in neonatal and adult ependyma from the central canal of spinal cord to the choroid plexus of lateral ventricles for components of cell-cell junctions including cadherins, claudins and occludin. We found robust claudin-5 expression in the choroid plexus epithelia but not in other compartments of the ependyma. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated distinct regional differences in cell-cell junction organization. Surprisingly, we found that 9 out of 20 supratentorial but not infratentorial ependymomas expressed high levels of the brain endothelial tight junction component claudin-5 in tumor cells. Importantly, we observed an increased overall survival in claudin-5 expressing supratentorial ependymoma. Our data indicates that claudin-5 expressing ependymomas may follow a distinct course of disease. The assessment of claudin-5 expression in ependymoma has the potential to become a useful prognostic marker in this pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Virág
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christine Haberler
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Baksa
- 1st Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Violetta Piurkó
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Zita Hegedüs
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Bálint
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Chocholous
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - András Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lotz
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Tibor Glasz
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Schaff
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hegedűs
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Quach P, El Sherif R, Gomes J, Krewksi D. A systematic review of the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of primary brain tumours. Neurotoxicology 2016; 61:214-232. [PMID: 27212451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The overall aim of this systematic review was to identify risk factors for onset and natural progression, which were shown to increase, decrease, or have a null association with risk of primary brain tumour. For onset, the project was separated into two phases. The first phase consisted of a systematic search of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Moderate to high methodological quality reviews were incorporated and summarized with relevant observational studies published since 2010, identified from a systematic search performed in phase 2. For natural progression, only the first phase was conducted. Standard systematic review methodology was utilized. Based on this review, various genetic variants, pesticide exposures, occupational farming/hairdressing, cured meat consumption and personal hair dye use appear to be associated with increased risk of onset amongst adults. The specific EGF polymorphsm 61-A allele within Caucasian populations and having a history of allergy was associated with a decreased risk. For progression, M1B-1 antigen was shown to increase the risk. High birth weight, pesticide exposure (childhood exposure, and parental occupational exposure) and maternal consumption of cured meat during pregnancy may also increase the risk of onset of childhood brain tumours. Conversely, maternal intake of pre-natal supplements (folic acid) appeared to decrease risk. Children with neurofibromatosis 2 were considered to have worse overall and relapse free survival compared to neurofibromatosis 1, as were those children who had grade III tumours compared to lesser grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Quach
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Reem El Sherif
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewksi
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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de Andrade FG, Marie SKN, Uno M, Matushita H, Taricco MA, Teixeira MJ, Rosemberg S, Oba-Shinjo SM. Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 is higher in supratentorial ependymomas and predicts relapses in gross total resection cases. Neuropathology 2015; 35:312-23. [PMID: 25946121 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are tumors of the CNS. Although cyclin D1 overexpression has been related to several cancers, its prognostic value in ependymomas has not yet been fully established. We evaluated cyclin D1 expression by an immunohistochemistry analysis of 149 samples of ependymomas, including some relapses, corresponding to 121 patients. Eighty-one patients were adults, 60 were intracranial cases and 92 tumors were grade II. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 62% of cases, and relapse was confirmed in 41.4% of cases. Cyclin D1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and scored with a labeling index (LI) calculated as the percentage of positively stained cells by intensity. We also analyzed expression of CCND1 and NOTCH1 in 33 samples of ependymoma by quantitative real-time PCR. A correlation between cyclin D1 LI score and anaplastic cases (P < 0.001), supratentorial location (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.001) were observed. A stratified analysis demonstrated that cyclin D1 protein expression was strong in tumors with a supratentorial location, independent of the histological grade or age. Relapse was more frequent in cases with a higher cyclin D1 LI score (P = 0.046), and correlation with progression-free survival was observed in cases with GTR (P = 0.002). Only spinal canal tumor location and GTR were suggestive markers of PFS in multivarite analyses. Higher expression levels were observed in anaplastic cases for CCND1 (P = 0.002), in supratentorial cases for CCND1 (P = 0.008) and NOTCH1 (P = 0.011). There were correlations between the cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression levels (P < 0.0001) and between CCND1 and NOTCH1 expression levels (P = 0.003). Higher cyclin D1 LI was predominant in supratentorial location and predict relapse in GTR cases. Cyclin D1 could be used as an immunohistochemical marker to guide follow-up and treatment in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gonçalves de Andrade
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Matushita
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Augusto Taricco
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Rosemberg
- Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Prognostic marker analysis in pediatric intracranial ependymomas. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:255-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Ebrahimi A, Schittenhelm J, Honegger J, Schluesener H. Prognostic relevance of global histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation in ependymal tumors. J Neurosurg 2013; 119:1424-31. [PMID: 24116725 DOI: 10.3171/2013.9.jns13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Ependymal tumors are highly variable in clinical and molecular behavior and affect both children and adults. Regarding the paucity of appropriate experimental models, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their behavioral variability are poorly understood. Considering the increasing evidence of epigenetic changes in various tumors, in addition to the preclinical success of epigenetic-based therapeutics in tumors of the CNS, epigenetic study of ependymal tumors is warranted. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, the authors investigated the patterns of global acetylation of lysine position 9 of histone 3 (H3K9Ac), an epigenetic marker of active gene transcription, in 85 ependymal tumors with various WHO grades and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS Most of the nuclei in all ependymal tumors were H3K9Ac negative (mean ± SD 65.9% ± 26.5 vs 34.1% ± 26.5% positive, p < 0.0001). Subependymomas had more H3K9Ac-positive nuclei (67.2% ± 10.2%) than myxopapillary ependymomas, ependymomas, and anaplastic ependymomas (p < 0.05). Additionally, intracranial parenchymal tumors had significantly fewer H3K9Ac-positive nuclei (13.1% ± 21.9%) than tumors of other CNS localizations (p < 0.001), and supratentorial ventricular tumors had the highest number of H3K9Ac-positive nuclei (66.4% ± 11.8%) among CNS ependymal tumors (p < 0.0001). The H3K9Ac pattern in ependymal tumors also revealed prognostic significance such that tumors with less than 20% acetylated nuclei had a higher probability of recurrence than tumors with 20% or more acetylated nuclei (p = 0.0327), and recurrent tumors had significantly fewer H3K9Ac-positive nuclei than primary ones (16% ± 22.5% vs. 38% ± 25.8%; p < 0.0001). However, the effect of tumor location on survival of patients was nonsignificant in a multivariate survival analysis, and H3K9 acetylation levels of tumors contributed independently to the survival of patients. In addition, ependymal tumors with more than or equal to 20% H3K9 acetylated cells had lower MIB-1 expression than those with less than 20% H3K9 acetylated cells (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Global H3K9Ac contributes independently to the prognosis of patients with ependymal tumors such that tumors with lower H3K9Ac values have a higher probability of recurrence and are more proliferative. Additionally, subependymomas have a higher H3K9Ac profile than other ependymal tumor subclasses, underlining their benign clinical behavior.
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Clinical neuropathology practice guide 3-2013: levels of evidence and clinical utility of prognostic and predictive candidate brain tumor biomarkers. Clin Neuropathol 2013; 32:148-58. [PMID: 23618424 PMCID: PMC3663466 DOI: 10.5414/np300646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of potential tissue biomarkers has been proposed for brain tumors. However, hardly any have been adopted for routine clinical use, so far. For most candidate biomarkers substantial controversy exists with regard to their usefulness in clinical practice. The multidisciplinary neurooncology taskforce of the Vienna Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Nervous System Unit (CCC-CNS) addressed this issue and elaborated a four-tiered levels-of-evidence system for assessing analytical performance (reliability of test result) and clinical performance (prognostic or predictive) based on consensually defined criteria. The taskforce also consensually agreed that only biomarker candidates should be considered as ready for clinical use, which meet defined quality standards for both, analytical and clinical performance. Applying this levels-of-evidence system to MGMT, IDH1, 1p19q, Ki67, MYCC, MYCN and β-catenin, only immunohistochemical IDH1 mutation testing in patients with diffuse gliomas is supported by sufficient evidence in order to be unequivocally qualified for clinical use. For the other candidate biomarkers lack of published evidence of sufficiently high analytical test performance and, in some cases, also of clinical performance limits evidence-based confirmation of their clinical utility. For most of the markers, no common standard of laboratory testing exists. We conclude that, at present, there is a strong need for studies that specifically address the analytical performance of candidate brain tumor biomarkers. In addition, standardization of laboratory testing is needed. We aim to regularly challenge and update the present classification in order to systematically clarify the current translational status of candidate brain tumor biomarkers and to identify specific research needs for accelerating the translational pace.
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Modena P, Buttarelli FR, Miceli R, Piccinin E, Baldi C, Antonelli M, Morra I, Lauriola L, Di Rocco C, Garrè ML, Sardi I, Genitori L, Maestro R, Gandola L, Facchinetti F, Collini P, Sozzi G, Giangaspero F, Massimino M. Predictors of outcome in an AIEOP series of childhood ependymomas: a multifactorial analysis. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1346-56. [PMID: 23076205 PMCID: PMC3480268 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular biomarkers have been suggested as predictors of outcome for pediatric ependymomas but deserve further validation in independent case series. We analyzed intracranial ependymomas belonging to a series of 60 patients prospectively treated according to the protocol sponsored by the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology. We used a tissue microarray to analyze nucleolin (NCL), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by immunohistochemistry and by 1q gain by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The mRNA expression levels of EGFR, human telomerase reverse-transcriptase (HTERT), and Prominin 1 (PROM 1)/CD133 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR from cases with fresh-frozen tumor material available. Univariate and multivariate analyses of updated clinical data confirmed the prognostic significance of surgery (P < .01) and tumor grading (P < .05) for both relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Among biomolecular markers, HTERT mRNA expression emerged with the strongest association with OS at multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.9; P = .011); the 5-year OS was 84% versus 48% in the subgroups with HTERT median value <6 versus ≥ 6, respectively (P = .005). Five-year RFS was 46% versus 20% in the subgroups with low versus high NCL protein expression, respectively (P = .004), while multivariate Cox analyses gave suggestively high HRs for high versus low NCL (HR = 1.9; P = .090). The other genes tested were not significant at multivariate analyses, and genetic alterations of CDKN2A, TP53, EGFR, and HTERT loci were rare. The PROM1/CD133 cancer stem cell marker was strongly expressed at both RNA and protein levels in a substantial fraction of cases and was suggestively associated with a more indolent form of the disease. We conclude that NCL and HTERT represent the strongest prognostic biomarkers of RFS and OS, respectively, in our ependymoma case series.
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Chatterley T, Dennett L. Utilisation of search filters in systematic reviews of prognosis questions. Health Info Libr J 2012; 29:309-22. [PMID: 23176027 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Search filters are designed to increase efficiency of information retrieval and can be particularly useful in limiting the large numbers of articles retrieved for systematic reviews (SRs). Existing published prognosis search filters (or hedges) have lower sensitivity and precision values than their therapy counterparts. OBJECTIVES Taking into account the relatively poor performance of prognosis filters, this study seeks to identify which methods of limiting search results to prognostic studies are most often used by SR teams. METHODS One hundred and three SRs of prognostic studies published in 2009 and indexed in MEDLINE were retrieved. Each review's search strategy was reviewed and prognosis-related search terms were extracted. RESULTS Forty-seven of 103 studies used prognosis-related terms to limit the search. Six SRs of 103 did not specify their search terms, and the remaining 50 SRs used content terms only (no terms related to methodology or prognosis). Of the 47 strategies using prognosis-related terms, only six used a published filter. Many SRs used few or poorly selected prognosis-related search terms which are unlikely to provide the sensitivity generally sought for SRs. CONCLUSIONS Published prognosis search filters are used in only a small minority of prognosis SRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Chatterley
- JWS Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Wani K, Armstrong TS, Vera-Bolanos E, Raghunathan A, Ellison D, Gilbertson R, Vaillant B, Goldman S, Packer RJ, Fouladi M, Pollack I, Mikkelsen T, Prados M, Omuro A, Soffietti R, Ledoux A, Wilson C, Long L, Gilbert MR, Aldape K. A prognostic gene expression signature in infratentorial ependymoma. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 123:727-38. [PMID: 22322993 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-0941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with ependymoma exhibit a wide range of clinical outcomes that are currently unexplained by clinical or histological factors. Little is known regarding molecular biomarkers that could predict clinical behavior. Since recent data suggest that these tumors display biological characteristics according to their location (cerebral vs. infratentorial vs. spinal cord), rather than explore a broad spectrum of ependymoma, we focused on molecular alterations in ependymomas arising in the infratentorial compartment. Unsupervised clustering of available gene expression microarray data revealed two major subgroups of infratentorial ependymoma. Group 1 tumors over expressed genes that were associated with mesenchyme, Group 2 tumors showed no distinct gene ontologies. To assess the prognostic significance of these gene expression subgroups, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays were performed on genes defining the subgroups in a training set. This resulted in a 10-gene prognostic signature. Multivariate analysis showed that the 10-gene signature was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival after adjusting for clinical factors. Evaluation of an external dataset describing subgroups of infratentorial ependymomas showed concordance of subgroup definition, including validation of the mesenchymal subclass. Importantly, the 10-gene signature was validated as a predictor of recurrence-free survival in this dataset. Taken together, the results indicate a link between clinical outcome and biologically identified subsets of infratentorial ependymoma and offer the potential for prognostic testing to estimate clinical aggressiveness in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Wani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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Senetta R, Miracco C, Lanzafame S, Chiusa L, Caltabiano R, Galia A, Stella G, Cassoni P. Epidermal growth factor receptor and caveolin-1 coexpression identifies adult supratentorial ependymomas with rapid unfavorable outcomes. Neuro Oncol 2010; 13:176-83. [PMID: 21059755 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supratentorial ependymomas account for a minority of intracranial ependymomas, which still have uncertain prognostic markers. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis. In glioblastoma cells, EGFR function has been reported to be regulated by its migration from cell membrane infoldings called caveolae and by its colocalization with the caveolae-associated protein caveolin-1 (cav-1). Therefore, we decided to investigate cav-1 expression and coexpression with EGFR in a series of adult intracranial ependymomas. We analyzed 22 adult supratentorial ependymomas and compared tumor grades as determined by the WHO classification and patient survival rates with the expression of EGFR, cav-1, and p53 and the values of the proliferation marker Ki-67, all tested by immunohistochemistry; in addition, we investigated the mutational profile of cav-1. The results demonstrate that the tumor grade is directly correlated with EGFR, Ki-67, and cav-1 expression only, whereas (by univariate analysis) the expression of all the studied markers, as well as the tumor histological grade, significantly correlated with the patient's overall survival (OS). By multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, among all variables considered, cav-1 was the only independent prognostic marker related to OS (relative risk = 13.92; P = .013). Among grade II ependymomas, only cav-1 correlated with poor OS (P = .011), distinguishing 2 distinct subgroups of tumors with different outcomes despite sharing identical grading. All the patients studied carried wild-type cav-1 sequences, demonstrating that cav-1 overexpression is not driven by activating mutations, as previously reported in other tumor types. Interestingly, after stratifying all cases into 4 distinct groups according to cav-1 and EGFR expression (cav-1+/EGFR+, cav-1-/EGFR-, cav-1+/EGFR-, and cav-1-/EGFR+), the coexpression of cav-1 and EGFR identified a subset of patients with definitively poor prognoses. Further studies are needed to support this evidence on a larger scale and to clarify how cav-1 and EGFR interaction can influence tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10100 Turin, Italy
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