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Hofmann LC, Strauss S, Shpigel M, Guttman L, Stengel DB, Rebours C, Gjorgovska N, Turan G, Balina K, Zammit G, Adams JMM, Ahsan U, Bartolo AG, Bolton JJ, Domingues R, Dürrani Ö, Eroldogan OT, Freitas A, Golberg A, Kremer KI, Marques F, Milia M, Steinhagen S, Sucu E, Vargas-Murga L, Zemah-Shamir S, Zemah-Shamir Z, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The green seaweed Ulva: tomorrow's "wheat of the sea" in foods, feeds, nutrition, and biomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-36. [PMID: 38979936 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2370489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Ulva, a genus of green macroalgae commonly known as sea lettuce, has long been recognized for its nutritional benefits for food and feed. As the demand for sustainable food and feed sources continues to grow, so does the interest in alternative, plant-based protein sources. With its abundance along coastal waters and high protein content, Ulva spp. have emerged as promising candidates. While the use of Ulva in food and feed has its challenges, the utilization of Ulva in other industries, including in biomaterials, biostimulants, and biorefineries, has been growing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status, challenges and opportunities associated with using Ulva in food, feed, and beyond. Drawing on the expertise of leading researchers and industry professionals, it explores the latest knowledge on Ulva's nutritional value, processing methods, and potential benefits for human nutrition, aquaculture feeds, terrestrial feeds, biomaterials, biostimulants and biorefineries. In addition, it examines the economic feasibility of incorporating Ulva into aquafeed. Through its comprehensive and insightful analysis, including a critical review of the challenges and future research needs, this review will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in sustainable aquaculture and Ulva's role in food, feed, biomaterials, biostimulants and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C Hofmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Muki Shpigel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Guttman
- The National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Eilat, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Natasha Gjorgovska
- Institute of Animal Science and Fishery, University Ss Ciril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Gamze Turan
- Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Karina Balina
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Science and Innovative Technologies, Liepaja University, Liepaja, Latvia
| | - Gabrielle Zammit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Jessica M M Adams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Umair Ahsan
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Burdur Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye
- Center for Agriculture, Livestock and Food Research, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye
| | | | - John J Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, Lipidomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ömerhan Dürrani
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Orhan Tufan Eroldogan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Andreia Freitas
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kira I Kremer
- Marine Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Francisca Marques
- Department of Chemistry, Lipidomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Milia
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sophie Steinhagen
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ekin Sucu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Liliana Vargas-Murga
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, Polytechnic School, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Shiri Zemah-Shamir
- School of Sustainability, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ziv Zemah-Shamir
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Kulasekaran NT, Thilakam ML, Gopal D, Lee JK, Marimuthu J. Denovo production of resveratrol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1a using pretreated Gracilaria corticata extracts. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:19-28. [PMID: 37987932 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assembly and construction of resveratrol production pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for denovo production of resveratrol using seaweed extract as fermentation medium. RESULTS Genes involved in the production of resveratrol from tyrosine pathway, tyrosine ammonia lyase (FTAL) gene from Flavobacterium johnsoniae (FjTAL), the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (4CL1) and the stilbene synthase gene from Vitis vinifera (VvSTS) were introduced into low copy, high copy and integrative vector and transformed into S. cerevisiae W303-1a. The resulting strains W303-1a/pARS-res5, W303-1a/2µ-res1 and W303-1a/IntUra-res9 produced a level of 2.39 ± 0.01, 3.33 ± 0.03 and 8.34 ± 0.03 mg resveratrol l-1 respectively. CRISPR mediated integration at the δ locus resulted in 17.13 ± 1.1 mg resveratrol l-1. Gracilaria corticata extract was tested as a substrate for the growth of transformant to produce resveratrol. The strain produced a comparable level, 13.6 ± 0.54 mg resveratrol l-1 when grown in seaweed extract medium. CONCLUSIONS The strain W303-1a/IntδC-res1 utilized Gracillaria hydrolysate and produced 13.6 ± 0.54 mg resveratrol l-1 and further investigations are being carried out focusing on pathway engineering and optimization of process parameters to enhance resveratrol yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Leema Thilakam
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Dharani Gopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143 701, Korea
| | - Jeya Marimuthu
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, 600100, India.
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Sudhakar MP, Maurya R, Mehariya S, Karthikeyan OP, Dharani G, Arunkumar K, Pereda SV, Hernández-González MC, Buschmann AH, Pugazhendhi A. Feasibility of bioplastic production using micro- and macroalgae- A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117465. [PMID: 37879387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastic disposal and their degraded products in the environment are global concern due to its adverse effects and persistence in nature. To overcome plastic pollution and its impacts on environment, a sustainable bioplastic production using renewable feedstock's, such as algae, are envisioned. In this review, the production of polymer precursors such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, agar, carrageenan and alginate from microalgae and macroalgae through direct conversion and fermentation routes are summarized and discussed. The direct conversion of algal biopolymers without any bioprocess (whole algal biomass used emphasizing zero waste discharge concept) favours economic feasibility. Whereas indirect method uses conversion of algal polymers to monomers after pretreatment followed by bioplastic precursor production by fermentation are emphasized. This review paper also outlines the current state of technological developments in the field of algae-based bioplastic, both in industry and in research, and highlights the creation of novel solutions for green bioplastic production employing algal polymers. Finally, the cost economics of the bioplastic production using algal biopolymers are clearly mentioned with future directions of next level bioplastic production. In this review study, the cost estimation was given at laboratory level bioplastic production using casting methods. Further development of bioplastics at pilot scale level may give clear economic feasibility of production at industry. Here, in this review, we emphasized the overview of algal biopolymers for different bioplastic product development and its economic value and also current industries involved in bioplastic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthiyal Prabakaran Sudhakar
- Marine Biopolymers & Advanced Bioactive Materials Research Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India; Marine Biotechnology Division, Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rahulkumar Maurya
- Coastal Algae Cultivation, Microbial Biofuels & Biochemicals, Advanced Biofuels Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Navi Mumbai, 400 708, India
| | | | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gopal Dharani
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulanthiyesu Arunkumar
- Microalgae Group-Phycoscience Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Sandra V Pereda
- Centro i-mar, CeBiB and Núcleo Milenio MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - María C Hernández-González
- Centro i-mar, CeBiB and Núcleo Milenio MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Buschmann
- Centro i-mar, CeBiB and Núcleo Milenio MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Qiao W, Dong G, Xu S, Li L, Shi S. Engineering propionyl-CoA pools for de novo biosynthesis of odd-chain fatty acids in microbial cell factories. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1063-1072. [PMID: 35994297 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted great interest due to their wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries. Microorganisms can naturally de novo produce fatty acids (FAs), where mainly, even-chain with acetyl-CoA instead of odd-chain with propionyl-CoA is used as the primer. Usually, the absence of the precursor propionyl-CoA is considered the main reason that limits the efficient production of OcFAs. It is thus crucial to explore/evaluate/identify promising propionyl-CoA biosynthetic pathways to achieve large-scale biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses the latest advances in microbial metabolism engineering toward producing propionyl-CoA and considers future research directions and challenges toward optimized production of OcFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Genlai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
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Agabo-García C, Romero-García LI, Álvarez-Gallego CJ, Blandino A. Valorisation of the invasive alga Rugulopteryx okamurae through the production of monomeric sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1971-1982. [PMID: 36735067 PMCID: PMC10006063 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rugulopteryx okamurae is an invasive brown alga causing severe environmental and economic problems on the western Mediterranean coasts. Thus, in addition to the difficulties caused to the fishing and tourism sectors, there is a need to manage its accumulation on the beaches. This work aims to valorise this waste by using it as raw material for producing monosaccharides through a two-stage sequential process. These sugars could be used for different fermentative processes to obtain high-value-added bioproducts. In this work, biological pretreatment of the previously conditioned seaweed with the fungus Aspergillus awamori in solid-state fermentation (SSF), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with a commercial enzyme cocktail, was performed. The effect of the extension of the biological pretreatment (2, 5, 8 and 12 days) on the subsequent release of total reducing sugars (TRS) in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage was studied. To analyse this effect, experimental data of TRS produced along the hydrolysis were fitted to simple first-order kinetics. Also, the secretion of cellulase and alginate lyase by the fungus, along with the biological pretreatment, was determined. The results suggest that 5 days of biological pretreatment of the macroalgae with A. awamori followed by enzymatic saccharification for 24 h with Cellic CTec2® (112 FP units/g of dry biomass) are the best conditions tested, allowing the production of around 240 g of TRS per kg of dried biomass. The main sugars obtained were glucose (95.8 %) and mannitol (1.5 %), followed by galactose (1 %), arabinose (0.9 %) and fucose (0.5 %). KEY POINTS: • Five-day SSF by A. awamori was the best condition to pretreat R. okamurae. • Five-day SSF was optimal for alginate lyase production (1.63 ±0.011 IU/g biomass). • A maximum yield of 239 mg TRS/g biomass was obtained (with 95.8 % glucose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agabo-García
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis I. Romero-García
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Álvarez-Gallego
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Blandino
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute (IVAGRO) and International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, s/n. 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Nagarajan D, Chen CY, Ariyadasa TU, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Macroalgal biomass as a potential resource for lactic acid fermentation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136694. [PMID: 36206920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is an essential platform chemical with various applications in the chemicals, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Currently, the demand for lactic acid is driven by the role of lactic acid as the starting material for the production of bioplastic polylactide. Microbial fermentation for lactic acid production is favored due to the production of enantiomerically pure lactic acid required for polylactide synthesis, as opposed to the racemic mixture obtained via chemical synthesis. The utilization of first-generation feedstock for commercial lactic acid production is challenged by feedstock costs and sustainability issues. Macroalgae are photosynthetic benthic aquatic plants that contribute tremendously towards carbon capture with subsequent carbon-rich biomass production. Macroalgae are commercially cultivated to extract hydrocolloids, and recent studies have focused on applying biomass as a fermentation feedstock. This review provides comprehensive information on the design and development of sustainable and cost-effective, algae-based lactic acid production. The central carbon regulation in lactic acid bacteria and the metabolism of seaweed-derived sugars are described. An exhaustive compilation of lactic acid fermentation of macroalgae hydrolysates revealed that lactic acid bacteria can effectively ferment the mixture of sugars present in the hydrolysate with comparable yields. The environmental impacts and economic prospects of macroalgal lactic acid are analyzed. Valorization of the vast amounts of spent macroalgal biomass residue post hydrocolloid extraction in a biorefinery is a viable strategy for cost-effective lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Thilini U Ariyadasa
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, 32003, Taiwan.
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Potential Prebiotic and Anti-Obesity Effects of Codium fragile Extract. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from marine algae exhibit beneficial biological activities. In this study, we examined the effect of Codium fragile extract (CFE) on prebiotic and anti-obesity activity through in vitro experiments. CFE increases the growth of specific beneficial microbial populations with concomitant decrease in pathogenic microbes. Further, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH activity) after fermentation with CFE as the carbon source were higher than for glucose as the control. Moreover, CFE inhibited adipocyte differentiation by inducing differentiation-related factors when the induction of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes was induced. Therefore, we suggest that CFE can be used as a prebiotic material with an anti-obesity effect for human health.
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Nagarajan D, Oktarina N, Chen PT, Chen CY, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Fermentative lactic acid production from seaweed hydrolysate using Lactobacillus sp. And Weissella sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126166. [PMID: 34678452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is an essential commodity chemical, with bio-based LA ruling the market share. Macroalgae are a desirable feedstock for LA fermentation due to their high carbohydrate and low lignin content. Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., and Sargassum cristaefolium were evaluated as a feedstock for LA fermentation. Mild acid-thermal hydrolysis (sulfuric acid concentrations < 5%) resulted in superior reducing sugar recovery. Gracilaria sp. attained maximum reducing sugar recovery (0.39 g/g biomass) and lactate yield (0.94 g/g). LA fermentation of fucose-rich hydrolysate of Sargassum cristaefolium is demonstrated for the first time, with 0.81 g/g LA yield and 0.36 g/g reducing sugars. Ulva sp. attained 0.21 g/g reducing sugars and 0.85 g/g LA yield. The efficiency of macroalgae for lactate bioconversion was in the order: red macroalgae > green macroalgae > brown macroalgae. L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum could efficaciously utilize seaweed sugars for LA production. Macroalgae can potentially replace lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock in LA fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Naomi Oktarina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology. National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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Trung VT, Van Huynh T, Thinh PD, San PT, Bang TH, Hang NT. Probiotic Fermented Beverage From Macroalgae. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211066145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have tested the hypothesis that a fermented beverage from the macroalgae Hydropuntia eucheumatoides exhibits antioxidant and enzymatic activity. The macroalga was hydrolyzed (maximum hydrolysis yield: 78%) with a mixture of the enzymes viscozyme and lactozyme. Then, the hydrolyzate was fermented with Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii. This beverage contained oligosaccharide prebiotics. The lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, methanol, cell count, pH, and heavy metal content of the beverage were determined. All tested heavy metals were either not detected (eg, As) or within the US Food and Drug Administration limits (eg, Fe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo T. Trung
- Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Huynh
- Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Pham D. Thinh
- Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Pham T. San
- Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Truong H. Bang
- Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen T. Hang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Vucko MJ, de Nys R, Cole AJ. Plant growth-promoting properties of extracts produced by fermenting the freshwater macroalga, Oedogonium intermedium. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Reboleira J, Silva S, Chatzifragkou A, Niranjan K, Lemos MF. Seaweed fermentation within the fields of food and natural products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Zhu X, Healy L, Zhang Z, Maguire J, Sun DW, Tiwari BK. Novel postharvest processing strategies for value-added applications of marine algae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4444-4455. [PMID: 33608900 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are regarded as a promising nutrients resource in future as they can be sustainably cultured without land and high investment. These macroalgae are now widely processed into food and beverages, fertilizers and animal feed. Furthermore, bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides and polyphenols in seaweeds have proven to have antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties that can be utilized in cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. As a key procedure in seaweed production, the postharvest process not only requires more laboured and energy but also affect the quality of the final product significantly. This article reviewed all current postharvest processes and technologies of seaweed and addressed potential postharvest strategies for seaweed production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Zhu
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Healy
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhihang Zhang
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Da-Wen Sun
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Acid hydrolysis conditions for the production of fine chemicals from Gracilaria birdiae alga biomass. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Anticancer Activity of the Potential Pyropia yezoensis Galactan Fractionated in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Nagarajan D, Nandini A, Dong CD, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Lactic Acid Production from Renewable Feedstocks Using Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum 23. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Atika Nandini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 106, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
Biodegradable polylactic acid material is manufactured from lactic acid, mainly produced by microbial fermentation. The high production cost of lactic acid still remains the major limitation for its application, indicating that the cost of carbon sources for the production of lactic acid has to be minimized. In addition, a lack of source availability of food crop and lignocellulosic biomass has encouraged researchers and industries to explore new feedstocks for microbial lactic acid fermentation. Seaweeds have attracted considerable attention as a carbon source for microbial fermentation owing to their non-terrestrial origin, fast growth, and photoautotrophic nature. The proximate compositions study of red, brown, and green seaweeds indicated that Gracilaria sp. has the highest carbohydrate content. The conditions were optimized for the saccharification of the seaweeds, and the results indicated that Gracilaria sp. yielded the highest reducing sugar content. Optimal lactic acid fermentation parameters, such as cell inoculum, agitation, and temperature, were determined to be 6% (v/v), 0 rpm, and 30 °C, respectively. Gracilaria sp. hydrolysates fermented by lactic acid bacteria at optimal conditions yielded a final lactic acid concentration of 19.32 g/L.
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Chen CC, Lan CC, Pan CL, Huang MY, Chew CH, Hung CC, Chen PH, Lin HTV. Repeated-batch lactic acid fermentation using a novel bacterial immobilization technique based on a microtube array membrane. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Marine algal carbohydrates as carbon sources for the production of biochemicals and biomaterials. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:798-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Chye FY, Ooi PW, Ng SY, Sulaiman MR. Fermentation-Derived Bioactive Components from Seaweeds: Functional Properties and Potential Applications. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1412375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fook Yee Chye
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Pei Wan Ooi
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Seah Young Ng
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rosni Sulaiman
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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21
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Kim JA, Lee SB. Production of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose from κ-carrageenan using acid catalysts. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Lee SB, Kim JA, Lim HS. Metabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in carrageenan-degrading microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4109-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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A. Morel M, Iriarte A, Jara E, Musto H, Castro-Sowinski S. Revealing the biotechnological potential of Delftia sp. JD2 by a genomic approach. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Yuan Y, Macquarrie DJ. Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:819-27. [PMID: 26454369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. It ensures that the resources are used fully and that all parts of them are valorized. This paper develops this concept, using brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum as an example, by assistance of microwave technology. A step-by-step process was designed to obtain fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar (alga residue) consecutively. The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan J Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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25
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Lee SB, Lee SY, Lim HS. Aldehydic nature and conformation of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose monomer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Kim SW, Hong CH, Jeon SW, Shin HJ. High-yield production of biosugars from Gracilaria verrucosa by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:634-641. [PMID: 26299978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gracilaria verrucosa, the red alga, is a suitable feedstock for biosugar production. This study analyzes biosugar production by the hydrolysis of G. verrucosa conducted under various conditions (i.e., various acid concentrations, substrate concentrations, reaction times, and enzyme dosages). The acid hydrolysates of G. verrucosa yielded a total of 7.47g/L (37.4%) and 10.63g/L (21.26%) of reducing sugars under optimal small (30mL) and large laboratory-scale (1L) hydrolysis processes, respectively. Reducing sugar obtained from acid and enzymatic hydrolysates were 10% higher, with minimum by-products, than those reported in other studies. The mass balance for the small laboratory-scale process showed that the acid and enzymatic hydrolysates had a carbohydrate conversion of 57.2%. The mass balance approach to the entire hydrolysis process of red seaweed for biosugar production can be applied to other saccharification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Won Kim
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, Chosun University, Gwnagju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Hwan Hong
- Research and Development Division, Hyundai Motor Group, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Jeon
- Research and Development Division, Hyundai Motor Group, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, Chosun University, Gwnagju, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Yuan Y, Macquarrie D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:101-7. [PMID: 26050894 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Duncan Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, UK.
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28
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Chemical composition, saccharification yield, and the potential of the green seaweed Ulva pertusa. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Dudek M, Adams J, Swain M, Hegarty M, Huws S, Gallagher J. Metaphylogenomic and potential functionality of the limpet Patella pellucida's gastrointestinal tract microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18819-39. [PMID: 25334059 PMCID: PMC4227249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the microbial diversity associated with the digestive tract of the seaweed grazing marine limpet Patella pellucida. Using a modified indirect DNA extraction protocol and performing metagenomic profiling based on specific prokaryotic marker genes, the abundance of bacterial groups was identified from the analyzed metagenome. The members of three significantly abundant phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were characterized through the literature and their predicted functions towards the host, as well as potential applications in the industrial environment assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dudek
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Jessica Adams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Martin Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Sharon Huws
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Joe Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
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31
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Kim JH, Ryu J, Huh IY, Hong SK, Kang HA, Chang YK. Ethanol production from galactose by a newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL17. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1871-8. [PMID: 24615517 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A wild-type yeast strain with a good galactose-utilization efficiency was newly isolated from the soil, and identified and named Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL17 by 18s RNA sequencing. Its performance of producing ethanol from galactose was investigated in flask cultures with media containing various combination and concentrations of galactose and glucose. When the initial galactose concentration was 20 g/L, it showed 2.2 g/L/h of substrate consumption rate and 0.63 g/L/h of ethanol productivity. Although they were about 70 % of those with glucose, such performance of S. cerevisiae KL17 with galactose was considered to be quite high compared with other strains reported to date. Its additional merit was that its galactose metabolism was not repressed by the existence of glucose. Its capability of ethanol production under a high ethanol concentration was demonstrated by fed-batch fermentation in a bioreactor. A high ethanol productivity of 3.03 g/L/h was obtained with an ethanol concentration and yield of 95 and 0.39 g/L, respectively, when the cells were pre-cultured on glucose. When the cells were pre-cultured on galactose instead of glucose, fermentation time could be reduced significantly, resulting in an improved ethanol productivity of 3.46 g/L/h. The inhibitory effects of two major impurities in a crude galactose solution obtained from acid hydrolysis of galactan were assessed. Only 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) significantly inhibited ethanol fermentation, while levulinic acid (LA) was benign in the range up to 10 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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Liu Y, Ashok S, Seol E, Bao J, Park S. Comparison of three Pediococcus strains for lactic acid production from glucose in the presence of inhibitors generated by acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Lee SU, Jung K, Park GW, Seo C, Hong YK, Hong WH, Chang HN. Bioprocessing aspects of fuels and chemicals from biomass. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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