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Abdeen AH, Trist BG, Double KL. Empirical evidence for biometal dysregulation in Parkinson's disease from a systematic review and Bradford Hill analysis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:83. [PMID: 35760970 PMCID: PMC9237090 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bradford Hill model evaluates the causal inference of one variable on another by assessing whether evidence of the suspected causal variable aligns with a set of nine criteria proposed by Bradford Hill, each representing fundamental tenets of a causal relationship. The aim of this study was to use the Bradford Hill model of causation to assess the level of empirical evidence supporting our hypotheses that alterations to iron and copper levels, and iron- and copper-associated proteins and genes, contribute to Parkinson’s disease etiology. We conducted a systematic review of all available articles published to September 2019 in four online databases. 8437 articles matching search criteria were screened for pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 181 studies met study criteria and were subsequently evaluated for study quality using established quality assessment tools. Studies meeting criteria for moderate to high quality of study design (n = 155) were analyzed according to the Bradford Hill model of causation. Evidence from studies considered of high quality (n = 73) supported a causal role for iron dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease. A causal role for copper dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease was also supported by high quality studies, although substantially fewer studies investigated copper in this disorder (n = 25) compared with iron. The available evidence supports an etiological role for iron and copper dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease, substantiating current clinical trials of therapeutic interventions targeting alterations in brain levels of these metals in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Abdeen
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Benjamin G Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Kay L Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Wang HL, Yeh TH, Huang YZ, Weng YH, Chen RS, Lu CS, Wei KC, Liu YC, Chen YL, Chen CL, Chen YJ, Lin YW, Hsu CC, Chiu CH, Chiu CC. Functional variant rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter is possibly associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease in Taiwanese population. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:189-196. [PMID: 34275689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study suggests that upregulated RAB35 is implicated in etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that upregulated RAB35 results from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAB35 gene promoter. We identified SNPs within RAB35 gene promoter by analyzing DNA samples of discovery cohort and validation cohort. SNP rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter (T>C at position of -66) was significantly associated with idiopathic PD patients. Compared to normal controls, sporadic PD patients had higher C allele frequency. CC and CT genotype significantly increased risk of PD compared with TT genotype. SNP rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter leads to formation of transcription factor TFII-I binding site. Results of EMSA and supershift assay indicated that TFII-I binds to rs17525453 sequence of RAB35 gene promoter. Luciferase reporter assays showed that rs17525453 variant of RAB35 gene promoter possesses an augmented transcriptional activity. Our results suggest that functional variant rs17525453 within RAB35 gene promoter is likely to enhance transcriptional activity and upregulate RAB35 protein, which could lead to increased risk of PD in Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Landseed Sports Medicine Center, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zarina A, Tolmane I, Krumina Z, Tutane AI, Gailite L. Association of Variants in the CP, ATOX1 and COMMD1 Genes with Wilson Disease Symptoms in Latvia. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 22:37-42. [PMID: 31942415 PMCID: PMC6956635 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder, caused by allelic variants in the ATP7B gene. Wilson's disease can be diagnosed by clinical symptoms, increased copper and decreased cerulopasmin levels, which could all also be by other genetic variants beyond the ATP7B gene, e.g., disturbed ceruloplasmin biosynthesis can be caused by pathogenic allelic variants of the CP gene. Copper metabolism in the organism is affected by several molecules, but pathogenic variants and related phenotypes are described with COMMD1 and ATOX1 genes. The aim of the study was to test other genes, CP, ATOX1 and COMMD1, for possible influence to the manifestation of WD. Patients were enrolled on the basis of Leipzig's diagnostic criteria, 64 unrelated patients with confirmed WD. Direct sequencing of promoter region of the CP gene and ATOX1 and COMMD1 gene exons was conducted. Statistically significant differences were found between the two variants in the CP gene and the ATP7B genotype (rs66508328 variant AA genotype and the rs11708215 variant GG genotype) were more common in WD patients with an unconfirmed ATP7B genotype. One allelic (intronic) variant was found in the ATOX1 gene without causing the functional changes of the gene. Three allelic variants were identified in the COMMD1 gene. No statistically significant differences were found between allele and genotype frequencies and the first clinical manifestations of WD. Different variants of the CP gene contributed to a WD-like phenotype in clinically confirmed WD patients with neurological symptoms and without identified pathogenic variants in the ATP7B gene. Allelic variants in the ATOX1 and COMMD1 genes do not modify the clinical manifestation of WD in Latvian patients. (266 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zarina
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - I Tolmane
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, stationary “Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases”, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Z Krumina
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - AI Tutane
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - L Gailite
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
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Patel D, Xu C, Nagarajan S, Liu Z, Hemphill WO, Shi R, Uversky VN, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA, Witt SN. Alpha-synuclein inhibits Snx3-retromer-mediated retrograde recycling of iron transporters in S. cerevisiae and C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1514-1532. [PMID: 29452354 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We probed the role of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in modulating sorting nexin 3 (Snx3)-retromer-mediated recycling of iron transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. In yeast, the membrane-bound heterodimer Fet3/Ftr1 is the high affinity iron importer. Fet3 is a membrane-bound multicopper ferroxidase, whose ferroxidase domain is orthologous to human ceruloplasmin (Cp), that oxidizes external Fe+2 to Fe+3; the Fe+3 ions then channel through the Ftr1 permease into the cell. When the concentration of external iron is low (<1 µM), Fet3/Ftr1 is maintained on the plasma membrane by retrograde endocytic-recycling; whereas, when the concentration of external iron is high (>10 µM), Fet3/Ftr1 is endocytosed and shunted to the vacuole for degradation. We discovered that α-syn expression phenocopies the high iron condition: under the low iron condition (<1 µM), α-syn inhibits Snx3-retromer-mediated recycling of Fet3/Ftr1 and instead shunts Fet3/Ftr1 into the multivesicular body pathway to the vacuole. α-Syn inhibits recycling by blocking the association of Snx3-mCherry molecules with endocytic vesicles, possibly by interfering with the binding of Snx3 to phosphatidylinositol-3-monophosphate. In C. elegans, transgenic worms expressing α-syn exhibit an age-dependent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons that is partially rescued by the iron chelator desferoxamine. This implies that α-syn-expressing dopaminergic neurons are susceptible to changes in iron neurotoxicity with age, whereby excess iron enhances α-syn-induced neurodegeneration. In vivo genetic analysis indicates that α-syn dysregulates iron homeostasis in worm dopaminergic neurons, possibly by inhibiting SNX-3-mediated recycling of a membrane-bound ortholog of Cp (F21D5.3), the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN1.1), or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sureshbabu Nagarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Zhengchang Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Wayne O Hemphill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Runhua Shi
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Stephan N Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Jin L, Wan W, Wang L, Wang C, Xiao J, Zhang F, Zhao J, Wang J, Zhan C, Zhong C. Elevated microRNA-520d-5p in the serum of patients with Parkinson's disease, possibly through regulation of cereloplasmin expression. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:88-93. [PMID: 30243884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron metabolism dysfunction and redox-active iron-induced oxidative stress in the brain may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We have previously demonstrated that reduced serum ceruloplasmin level exacerbates nigral iron deposition in Parkinson's disease, although the underlying cause of the low serum ceruloplasmin level in Parkinson's disease remains unknown. Fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that patients with Parkinson's disease had higher serum levels of microRNA (miR)-520d-5p than controls (p = 0.0011). Patients with Alzheimer's disease or multiple system atrophy did not have significantly elevated miR-520d-5p levels. Expression of miR-520d-5p did not correlate with disease severity or the motor phenotype of Parkinson's disease. Luciferase assays confirmed that miR-520d-5p was associated with ceruloplasmin gene expression, as predicted by the TargetScan tool and miRBase. In vitro experiments showed that miR-520d-5p reduced ceruloplasmin gene expression in the U251 astrocyte cell line. Our data suggest that miR-520d-5p may be a potential regulator of ceruloplasmin gene expression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
| | - Wenbin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Changpeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
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Bragina EY, Tiys ES, Rudko AA, Ivanisenko VA, Freidin MB. Novel tuberculosis susceptibility candidate genes revealed by the reconstruction and analysis of associative networks. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 46:118-123. [PMID: 27810501 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis. The risk of the disease is dependent on complex interactions between host genetics and environmental factors. Accumulated genomic data, along with novel methodological approaches such as associative networks, facilitate studies into the inherited basis of TB. In the current study, we carried out the reconstruction and analysis of an associative network representing molecular interactions between proteins and genes associated with TB. The network predominantly comprises of well-studied key proteins and genes which are able to govern the immune response against M. tuberculosis. However, this approach also allowed us to reveal 12 proteins encoded by genes, the polymorphisms of which have never been studied in relation to M. tuberculosis infection. These proteins include surface antigens (CD4, CD69, CD79, CD80, MUC16) and other important components of the immune response, inflammation, pathogen recognition, cell migration and activation (HCST, ADA, CP, SPP1, CXCR4, AGER, PACRG). Thus, the associative network approach enables the discovery of new candidate genes for TB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Bragina
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, Nabereznaya Ushaiki Str. 10, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Evgeny S Tiys
- Laboratory of Computer-Assisted Proteomics, The Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics of The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Computer Genomics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey A Rudko
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, Nabereznaya Ushaiki Str. 10, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- Laboratory of Computer-Assisted Proteomics, The Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics of The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, Nabereznaya Ushaiki Str. 10, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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