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Wankhede N, Kale M, Shukla M, Nathiya D, R R, Kaur P, Goyanka B, Rahangdale S, Taksande B, Upaganlawar A, Khalid M, Chigurupati S, Umekar M, Kopalli SR, Koppula S. Leveraging AI for the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder: Current trends and future prospects. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 101:104241. [PMID: 39276483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a promising frontier in healthcare. This review explores the current landscape and future prospects of AI technologies in ASD diagnostics and interventions. AI enables early detection and personalized assessment of ASD through the analysis of diverse data sources such as behavioural patterns, neuroimaging, genetics, and electronic health records. Machine learning algorithms exhibit high accuracy in distinguishing ASD from neurotypical development and other developmental disorders, facilitating timely interventions. Furthermore, AI-driven therapeutic interventions, including augmentative communication systems, virtual reality-based training, and robot-assisted therapies, show potential in improving social interactions and communication skills in individuals with ASD. Despite challenges such as data privacy and interpretability, the future of AI in ASD holds promise for refining diagnostic accuracy, deploying telehealth platforms, and tailoring treatment plans. By harnessing AI, clinicians can enhance ASD care delivery, empower patients, and advance our understanding of this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Mayur Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Madhu Shukla
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India
| | - Deepak Nathiya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Jaipur, India
| | - Roopashree R
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parjinder Kaur
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Barkha Goyanka
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Sandip Rahangdale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Brijesh Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Aman Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of pharmacognosy, College of pharmacy Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Milind Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea
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Zhuang H, Liang Z, Ma G, Qureshi A, Ran X, Feng C, Liu X, Yan X, Shen L. Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e497. [PMID: 38434761 PMCID: PMC10908366 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The heterogeneity of ASD poses great challenges for its research and clinical translation. On the basis of reviewing the heterogeneity of ASD, this review systematically summarized the current status and progress of pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and interventions for ASD. We provided an overview of the ASD molecular mechanisms identified by multi-omics studies and convergent mechanism in different genetic backgrounds. The comorbidities, mechanisms associated with important physiological and metabolic abnormalities (i.e., inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction), and gut microbial disorder in ASD were reviewed. The non-targeted omics and targeting studies of diagnostic markers for ASD were also reviewed. Moreover, we summarized the progress and methods of behavioral and educational interventions, intervention methods related to technological devices, and research on medical interventions and potential drug targets. This review highlighted the application of high-throughput omics methods in ASD research and emphasized the importance of seeking homogeneity from heterogeneity and exploring the convergence of disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and intervention approaches, and proposes that taking into account individuality and commonality may be the key to achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Guanwei Ma
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Ayesha Qureshi
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Ran
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Chengyun Feng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of BaoanShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Xi Yan
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Shenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science‐Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhenP. R. China
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Webb-Robertson BJM, Nakayasu ES, Dong F, Waugh KC, Flores JE, Bramer LM, Schepmoes AA, Gao Y, Fillmore TL, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Frazer-Abel A, Rich SS, Holers VM, Metz TO, Rewers MJ. Decrease in multiple complement proteins associated with development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. iScience 2024; 27:108769. [PMID: 38303689 PMCID: PMC10831269 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. While it is known that gene-environment interactions play a key role in triggering the autoimmune process leading to T1D, the pathogenic mechanism leading to the appearance of islet autoantibodies-biomarkers of autoimmunity-is poorly understood. Here we show that disruption of the complement system precedes the detection of islet autoantibodies and persists through disease onset. Our results suggest that children who exhibit islet autoimmunity and progress to clinical T1D have lower complement protein levels relative to those who do not progress within a similar time frame. Thus, the complement pathway, an understudied mechanistic and therapeutic target in T1D, merits increased attention for use as protein biomarkers of prediction and potentially prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbie-Jo M. Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Fran Dong
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathy C. Waugh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Javier E. Flores
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas L. Fillmore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - V. Michael Holers
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Marian J. Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zeng Z, Sun Z, Wu CY, Long F, Shen H, Zhou J, Li SL. Quality evaluation of Pterocephali Herba through simultaneously quantifying 18 bioactive components by UPLC-TQ-MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115828. [PMID: 37918282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Pterocephali Herba (PH), the dried whole plant of Pterocephalus hookeri, is a Tibetan medicine commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Iridoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids are the major groups of bioactive constituents from PH. However, only ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, two unspecific triterpenoid components, are used as markers for the quality control of PH in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Herein, an UPLC-TQ-MS/MS integrating SIR and MRM mode method for simultaneously quantifying 18 components, i.e., 9 iridoids, 3 triterpenoids, 3 phenylpropanoids, 2 flavonoids and quinic acid, in PH was developed and validated, and was used to evaluate 10 batches of PH samples from different origins. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to show the clustering of PH samples, while spearman correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation between ursolic acid/oleanolic acid and other quantified components. It was found that the established method was sensitive, precise, and accurate enough for the simultaneous quantification of 18 analytes in PH samples. Significant differences were found among the contents of 18 components in PH samples, no apparent clustering of the quality of PH samples was found to be related to its origins, and the contents of ursolic acid/oleanolic acid were only significantly correlated to the content of sylvestroside I, dipsanoside B, dipsanoside A in PH. Our results suggested that the newly established multi-components quantitative method is an improved approach for quality evaluation of PH samples. Furthermore, the holistic quality was inconsistent among PH samples, and ursolic acid/oleanolic acid alone could not indicate the holistic quality variation trend of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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Huo Y, Chen J, Zhang A, Zhou C, Cao W. Roles of complement system in psychiatric disorders. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1539-1545. [PMID: 38432883 PMCID: PMC10929894 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system, including more than 50 secretory proteins and membrane-bound proteins, and it contributes to the clearance of apoptotic cells and invading pathogens to limit inflammatory immune responses and maintaining brain homeostasis. Complement activity is strictly regulated to protect cells from random attacks or to prevent the deposition of complement proteins in physiological cases. However, overactivation or abnormal regulation of the complement cascade in the brain can lead to neuronal damage and brain dysfunction. Recent studies have pointed out that changes in complement molecules exist in patients with psychiatric diseases and play an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases by regulating the function of neurons and glial cells. Therefore, summarizing the latest research progress of complement system in psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, major depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder can provide new ideas for preventing and controlling psychiatric diseases caused by abnormal activation of complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Huo
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Aomei Zhang
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cuilan Zhou
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China.
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László K, Vörös D, Correia P, Fazekas CL, Török B, Plangár I, Zelena D. Vasopressin as Possible Treatment Option in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2603. [PMID: 37892977 PMCID: PMC10603886 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rather common, presenting with prevalent early problems in social communication and accompanied by repetitive behavior. As vasopressin was implicated not only in salt-water homeostasis and stress-axis regulation, but also in social behavior, its role in the development of ASD might be suggested. In this review, we summarized a wide range of problems associated with ASD to which vasopressin might contribute, from social skills to communication, motor function problems, autonomous nervous system alterations as well as sleep disturbances, and altered sensory information processing. Beside functional connections between vasopressin and ASD, we draw attention to the anatomical background, highlighting several brain areas, including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, medial preoptic area, lateral septum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, amygdala, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and even the cerebellum, either producing vasopressin or containing vasopressinergic receptors (presumably V1a). Sex differences in the vasopressinergic system might underline the male prevalence of ASD. Moreover, vasopressin might contribute to the effectiveness of available off-label therapies as well as serve as a possible target for intervention. In this sense, vasopressin, but paradoxically also V1a receptor antagonist, were found to be effective in some clinical trials. We concluded that although vasopressin might be an effective candidate for ASD treatment, we might assume that only a subgroup (e.g., with stress-axis disturbances), a certain sex (most probably males) and a certain brain area (targeting by means of virus vectors) would benefit from this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristóf László
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Vörös
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Plangár
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.L.); (D.V.); (P.C.); (C.L.F.); (B.T.); (I.P.)
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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