1
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Mistry N, Bandyopadhyaya R, Mehra S. Enhancement of Antimycobacterial Activity of Rifampicin Using Mannose-Anchored Lipid Nanoparticles against Intramacrophage Mycobacteria. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5779-5789. [PMID: 36441965 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis treatment requires a multidrug combination for the long-term, associated with adverse effects which lead to nonpatient compliance and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Thus, mannose-anchored rifampicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (M-RIF-SLNs) were developed to enhance the effect of rifampicin by selectively delivering to the macrophage, which led to the high intracellular killing of mycobacteria. The synthesized M-RIF-SLNs show a particle size of ∼100 nm and a drug loading of ∼8%. Cytotoxicity assay confirms that M-RIF-SLNs are not toxic up to 16 μg/mL (equivalent to incorporated rifampicin in SLN) toward THP-1-differentiated macrophages. An antimicrobial assay exhibits a reduction of minimum inhibitory concentration by 4-fold and 8-fold against wild-type and laboratory drug-resistant strains of M. smegmatis, respectively, compared to free rifampicin. Furthermore, mannose-functionalized SLNs loaded with coumarin-6 exhibit a higher macrophage uptake than that of unfunctionalized SLNs. Finally, higher intramacrophage clearance of M. tuberculosis H37Ra was observed with M-RIF-SLNs compared to RIF-SLNs and free rifampicin. Hence, the overall results support that the developed M-RIF-SLNs can be a promising approach for improving the antibacterial activity of rifampicin against intracellular mycobacteria residing in the alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Mistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra400076, India
| | - Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra400076, India
| | - Sarika Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra400076, India
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2
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Singh S, Numan A, Somaily HH, Gorain B, Ranjan S, Rilla K, Siddique HR, Kesharwani P. Nano-enabled strategies to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112384. [PMID: 34579903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a threat to global health because of limited treatments. MRSA infections are difficult to treat due to increasingly developing resistance in combination with protective biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Nanotechnology-based research revealed that effective MRSA treatments could be achieved through targeted nanoparticles (NPs) that withstand biological films and drug resistance. Thus, the principal aim towards improving MRSA treatment is to advance drug delivery tools, which successfully address the delivery-related problems. These potential delivery tools would also carry drugs to the desired sites of therapeutic action to overcome the adverse effects. This review focused on different types of nano-engineered carriers system for antimicrobial agents with improved therapeutic efficacy of entrapped drugs. The structural characteristics that play an essential role in the effectiveness of delivery systems have also been addressed with a description of recent scientific advances in antimicrobial treatment, emphasizing challenges in MRSA treatments. Consequently, existing gaps in the literature are highlighted, and reported contradictions are identified, allowing for the development of roadmaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hamoud H Somaily
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sanjeev Ranjan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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3
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Yus C, Irusta S, Sebastian V, Arruebo M. Controlling Particle Size and Release Kinetics in the Sustained Delivery of Oral Antibiotics Using pH-Independent Mucoadhesive Polymers. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3314-3327. [PMID: 32687366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers synthesized from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid used as gastroprotective and mucoadhesive enteric coatings have been used to prepare micro- (∼2 μm), submicro- (∼200 nm), and nanoparticles (∼20 nm) containing rifampicin (Rif) to obtain time-controlled drug release kinetics. Different particle sizes and drug release kinetics have been obtained using different synthesis conditions and fabrication techniques including the use of an electrosprayer and an interdigital microfabricated micromixer. The antimicrobial action of the encapsulated Rif has been demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and compared with the effect of the equivalent dose of the free macrolide antibiotic. At low concentrations, the encapsulated antibiotic showed superior antimicrobial activity than the free drug. The stability of the developed particles has been evaluated in vitro under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. At the concentrations tested, a reduced cytotoxicity against different human cell lines was observed after analyzing their subcytotoxic doses and the influence on their cell cycle by flow cytometry. Drug release kinetics can be tuned by adjusting particle sizes, and it would be possible to reach the minimum inhibitory concentration or the minimum bactericidal concentration at different time points depending on the medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Yus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Handali S, Moghimipour E, Rezaei M, Ramezani Z, Dorkoosh FA. PHBV/PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of 5-fluorouracil as promising treatment of colon cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:206-218. [PMID: 31648589 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1684945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used agents in the first-line chemotherapy for colon cancer. However, clinical use of 5-FU is limited because of the low efficacy of drug uptake and systemic toxic effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to find better drug delivery systems in order to improve the efficacy of the drug. In the present study, we have developed a novel combination drug delivery system based on PHBV/PLGA NPs for delivery of 5-FU to cancer cells. NPs were prepared by the double emulsion method and their optimization of preparation was evaluated using Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). 5-FU loaded NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM image implied that NPs were spherical in shape and the results of DSC, TGA, and FT-IR suggest that 5-FU was encapsulated into NPs. The obtained results revealed that 5-FU loaded PHBV/PLGA NPs induced significant higher cell death at concentration much lower than free 5-FU. Results of hemolysis assay indicated that the NPs were hemo-compatible. In vivo anti-tumor studies showed that 5-FU loaded NPs reduced tumor volume significantly in comparison with free 5-FU. As the first example of using PHBV/PLGA as nano-drug delivery system with enhanced anti-tumor activities, this study establishes PHBV/PLGA as a novel promising drug delivery platform for treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Handali
- Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eskandar Moghimipour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Labruère R, Sona AJ, Turos E. Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31636560 PMCID: PMC6787278 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based antibiotic constructs have become a popular area of investigation in the biomedical sciences. Much of this work has pertained to human diseases, largely in the cancer therapy arena. However, considerable research has also been devoted to the nanochemistry for controlling infectious diseases. Among these are ones due to bacterial infections, which can cause serious illnesses leading to death. The onset of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) infections such as those caused by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has created a dearth of problems such as surgical complications, persistent infections, and lack of available treatments. In this article, we set out to review the primary literature on the design and development of new nanoparticle materials for the potential treatment of S. aureus infections, and areas that could be further expanded upon to make nanoparticle antibiotics a mainstay in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A. J. Sona
- Center for Molecular Diversity in Drug Design, Discovery and Delivery, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Edward Turos
- Center for Molecular Diversity in Drug Design, Discovery and Delivery, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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6
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Hussain A, Singh S, Das SS, Anjireddy K, Karpagam S, Shakeel F. Nanomedicines as Drug Delivery Carriers of Anti-Tubercular Drugs: From Pathogenesis to Infection Control. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:400-429. [PMID: 30714523 PMCID: PMC6637229 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190201144815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In spite of advances in tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, TB is still airborne deadly disorder as a major issue of health concern worldwide today. Extensive researches have been focused to develop novel drug delivery systems to shorten the lengthy therapy approaches, prevention of relapses, reducing dose-related toxicities and to rectify technologically related drawbacks of anti-tubercular drugs. Moreover, the rapid emergence of drug resistance, poor patient compliance due to negative therapeutic outcomes and intracellular survival of Mycobacterium highlighted to develop carrier with optimum effectiveness of the anti-tubercular drugs. This could be achieved by targeting and concentrating the drug on the infection reservoir of Mycobacterium. In this article, we briefly compiled the general aspects of Mycobacterium pathogenesis, disease treatment along with progressive updates in novel drug delivery carrier system to enhance therapeutic effects of drug and the high level of patient compliance. Recently developed several vaccines might be shortly available as reported by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Tel: +966-14673139; E-mail:
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7
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Musumeci T, Cupri S, Bonaccorso A, Impallomeni G, Ballistreri A, Puglisi G, Pignatello R. Technology assessment of new biodegradable poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate-co
-1,4-butylene adipate) copolymers for drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Tecnologia Farmaceutica; Università degli Studi di Catania; I-95125, Catania Italy
- NANO- i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Sarha Cupri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Tecnologia Farmaceutica; Università degli Studi di Catania; I-95125, Catania Italy
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Tecnologia Farmaceutica; Università degli Studi di Catania; I-95125, Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Impallomeni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali; I-95125, Catania Italy
| | - Alberto Ballistreri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Catania; I-95125, Catania Italy
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Tecnologia Farmaceutica; Università degli Studi di Catania; I-95125, Catania Italy
- NANO- i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Tecnologia Farmaceutica; Università degli Studi di Catania; I-95125, Catania Italy
- NANO- i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology; University of Catania; Catania Italy
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8
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Mei Q, Luo P, Zuo Y, Li J, Zou Q, Li Y, Jiang D, Wang Y. Formulation and in vitro characterization of rifampicin-loaded porous poly (ε-caprolactone) microspheres for sustained skeletal delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1533-1544. [PMID: 29910601 PMCID: PMC5987792 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s163005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of elderly people worldwide, which is difficult to be treated by traditional methods because of the peculiarity of skeletal system and liver damage caused by high-dose administration. In this research, a porous drug release system has been attempted to encapsulate rifampicin (RIF) into poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres to improve the efficacy and benefit of anti-tuberculosis drug in skeletal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The microspheres prepared by two different methods, oil-in-oil (o/o) emulsion solvent evaporation method and oil-in-water (o/w) method, were characterized in terms of morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, drug distribution, degradation, and crystallinity. RESULTS The microspheres exhibited a porous structure with evenly drug distribution prepared by o/o emulsion solvent evaporation method, and their diameter ranged from 50.54 to 57.34 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 61.86% when drug-loading content was only 1.51%, and showed a little decrease with the drug-loading content increasing. In vitro release studies revealed that the drug release from porous microspheres was controlled by non-Fickian diffusion, and almost 80% of the RIF were completely released after 10 days. The results of RIF-loaded microspheres on the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus proved that the porous microspheres had strong antibacterial ability. In addition, the polymer crystallinity had prominent influence on the degradation rate of microspheres regardless of the morphology. CONCLUSION It was an efficient way to entrap slightly water-soluble drug like RIF into PCL by o/o emulsion solvent evaporation method with uniform drug distribution. The RIF-loaded porous PCL microspheres showed the combination of good antimicrobial properties and excellent cytocompatibility, and it could generate gentle environment by PCL slow degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Mei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peipei Luo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Center of Bone and Trauma, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaning Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Sanz-Ruiz P, Carbó-Laso E, Del Real-Romero JC, Arán-Ais F, Ballesteros-Iglesias Y, Paz-Jiménez E, Sánchez-Navarro M, Pérez-Limiñana MÁ, Vaquero-Martín J. Microencapsulation of rifampicin: A technique to preserve the mechanical properties of bone cement. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:459-466. [PMID: 28543702 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage exchange with antibiotic-loaded bone cement spacers remains the gold standard for chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Rifampicin is highly efficient on stationary-phase staphylococci in biofilm; however, its addition to PMMA to manufacture spacers prevents polymerization and reduces mechanical properties. Isolation of rifampicin during polymerization by microencapsulation could allow manufacturing rifampicin-loaded bone cement maintaining elution and mechanical properties. Microcapsules of rifampicin with alginate, polyhydroxybutyratehydroxyvalerate (PHBV), ethylcellulose and stearic acid (SA) were synthesized. Alginate and PHBV microcapsules were added to bone cement and elution, compression, bending, hardness, setting time and microbiological tests were performed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test were performed, considering a p < 0.05 as statistical significance. Bone cement specimens containing alginate microcapsules eluted more rifampicin than PHBV microcapsules or non-encapsulated rifampicin over time (p < 0.012). Microencapsulation of rifampicin allowed PMMA to preserve mechanical properties in compression and bending tests. Cement with alginate microcapsules showed similar behavior in hardness tests to control cement over the study period (73 ± 1.68HD ). PMMA with alginate microcapsules exhibited the largest zones of inhibition in microbiological tests. Statistically significant differences in mean diameters of zones of inhibition between PMMA loaded with alginate-rifampicin (p = 0.0001) and alginate-PHBV microcapsules (p = 0.0001) were detected. Rifampicin microencapsulation with alginate is the best choice to introduce rifampicin in PMMA preserving mechanical properties, setting time, elution, and antimicrobial properties. The main applicability of this study is the opportunity for obtaining rifampicin-loaded PMMA by microencapsulation of rifampicin in alginate microparticles, achieving high doses of rifampicin in infected tissues, increasing the successful of PJI treatment. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:459-466, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanz-Ruiz
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Carbó-Laso
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Del Real-Romero
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 23, 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Arán-Ais
- INESCOP Footwear Technological Institute Microencapsulation and Nanotechnology Elda, Políg. Ind. Campo Alto, Alemania 102, 03600, Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros-Iglesias
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 23, 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Paz-Jiménez
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 23, 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Sánchez-Navarro
- INESCOP Footwear Technological Institute Microencapsulation and Nanotechnology Elda, Políg. Ind. Campo Alto, Alemania 102, 03600, Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez-Limiñana
- INESCOP Footwear Technological Institute Microencapsulation and Nanotechnology Elda, Políg. Ind. Campo Alto, Alemania 102, 03600, Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero-Martín
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Carbó-Laso E, Sanz-Ruiz P, del Real-Romero J, Ballesteros-Iglesias Y, Paz-Jiménez E, Arán-Ais F, Sánchez-Navarro M, Pérez-Limiñana M, López-Torres I, Vaquero-Martín J. New method for antibiotic release from bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate): Redefining boundaries. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recote.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Carbó-Laso E, Sanz-Ruiz P, Del Real-Romero JC, Ballesteros-Iglesias Y, Paz-Jiménez E, Arán-Ais F, Sánchez-Navarro M, Pérez-Limiñana MA, López-Torres I, Vaquero-Martín J. New method for antibiotic release from bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate): Redefining boundaries. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2017; 62:86-92. [PMID: 29157990 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing antimicrobial resistance is promoting the addition of antibiotics with high antistaphylococcal activity to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), for use in cement spacers in periprosthetic joint infection. Linezolid and levofloxacin have already been used in in-vitro studies, however, rifampicin has been shown to have a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of PMMA, because it inhibits PMMA polymerization. The objective of our study was to isolate the rifampicin during the polymerization process using microencapsulation techniques, in order to obtain a PMMA suitable for manufacturing bone cement spacers. MATERIAL AND METHOD Microcapsules of rifampicin were synthesized with alginate and PHBV, using Rifaldin®. The concentration levels of rifampicin were studied by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Compression, hardness and setting time tests were performed with CMW®1 cement samples alone, with non-encapsulated rifampicin and with alginate or PHBV microcapsules. RESULTS The production yield, efficiency and microencapsulation yield were greater with alginate (P = .0001). The cement with microcapsules demonstrated greater resistance to compression than the cement with rifampicin (91.26±5.13, 91.35±6.29 and 74.04±3.57 MPa in alginate, PHBV and rifampicin, respectively) (P = .0001). The setting time reduced, and the hardness curve of the cement with alginate microcapsules was similar to that of the control. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Microencapsulation with alginate is an appropriate technique for introducing rifampicin into PMMA, preserving compression properties and setting time. This could allow intraoperative manufacturing of bone cement spacers that release rifampicin for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carbó-Laso
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
| | - P Sanz-Ruiz
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J C Del Real-Romero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España
| | - Y Ballesteros-Iglesias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España
| | - E Paz-Jiménez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España
| | - F Arán-Ais
- Departamento de Microencapsulación y Nanotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico del Calzado y Conexas (INESCOP), Elda, Alicante, España
| | - M Sánchez-Navarro
- Departamento de Microencapsulación y Nanotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico del Calzado y Conexas (INESCOP), Elda, Alicante, España
| | - M A Pérez-Limiñana
- Departamento de Microencapsulación y Nanotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico del Calzado y Conexas (INESCOP), Elda, Alicante, España
| | - I López-Torres
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - J Vaquero-Martín
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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12
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Panith N, Assavanig A, Lertsiri S, Bergkvist M, Surarit R, Niamsiri N. Development of tunable biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates microspheres for controlled delivery of tetracycline for treating periodontal disease. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nootchanartch Panith
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Apinya Assavanig
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Sittiwat Lertsiri
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering; SUNY Polytechnic Institute; Albany New York 12203
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Nuttawee Niamsiri
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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Pramual S, Assavanig A, Bergkvist M, Batt CA, Sunintaboon P, Lirdprapamongkol K, Svasti J, Niamsiri N. Development and characterization of bio-derived polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticles as a delivery system for hydrophobic photodynamic therapy agents. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:40. [PMID: 26712706 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed and investigated nanoparticles of biologically-derived, biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as carriers of a hydrophobic photosensitizer, 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-21H, 23H-porphine (pTHPP) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Three PHA variants; polyhydroxybutyrate, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) or P(HB-HV) with 12 and 50% HV were used to formulate pTHPP-loaded PHA nanoparticles by an emulsification-diffusion method, where we compared two different poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) stabilizers. The nanoparticles exhibited nano-scale spherical morphology under TEM and hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 169.0 to 211.2 nm with narrow size distribution. The amount of drug loaded and the drug entrapment efficiency were also investigated. The in vitro photocytotoxicity was evaluated using human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and revealed time and concentration dependent cell death, consistent with a gradual release pattern of pTHPP over 24 h. This study is the first demonstration using bacterially derived P(HB-HV) copolymers for nanoparticle delivery of a hydrophobic photosensitizer drug and their potential application in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasivimon Pramual
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Apinya Assavanig
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Carl A Batt
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nuttawee Niamsiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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14
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Bellini RG, Guimarães AP, Pacheco MAC, Dias DM, Furtado VR, de Alencastro RB, Horta BAC. Association of the anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin with a PAMAM dendrimer. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 60:34-42. [PMID: 26093506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The association of the anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin (RIF) with a 4th-generation poly(amidoamine) (G4-PAMAM) dendrimer was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The RIF load capacity was estimated to be around 20 RIF per G4-PAMAM at neutral pH. The complex formed by 20 RIF molecules and the dendrimer (RIF20-PAMAM) was subjected to 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at two different pH conditions (neutral and acidic). The complex was found to be significantly more stable in the simulation at neutral pH compared to the simulation at low pH in which the RIF molecules were rapidly and almost simultaneously expelled to the solvent bulk. The high stability of the RIF-PAMAM complex under physiological pH and the rapid release of RIF molecules under acidic medium provide an interesting switch for drug targeting since the Mycobacterium resides within acidic domains of the macrophage. Altogether, these results suggest that, at least in terms of stability and pH-dependent release, PAMAM-like dendrimers may be considered suitable drug delivery systems for RIF and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana P Guimarães
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marco A C Pacheco
- Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas M Dias
- Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Furtado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno A C Horta
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Waeiss RA, Negrini TC, Arthur RA, Bottino MC. Antimicrobial Effects of Drug-Containing Electrospun Matrices on Osteomyelitis-Associated Pathogens. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1310-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Vilos C, Constandil L, Rodas PI, Cantin M, Zepeda K, Herrera N, Velasquez LA. Evaluation of ceftiofur-PHBV microparticles in rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:651-66. [PMID: 24936127 PMCID: PMC4047837 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s60444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high number of antibiotics used for the treatment of infectious disease in animals, the development of slow release formulations presents a significant challenge, particularly in using novel biomaterials with low cost. In this report, we studied the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and therapeutic activity of ceftiofur–PHBV (ceftiofur–poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) in rats. The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated a sustained release of ceftiofur into the bloodstream, with detectable levels over the minimum inhibitory concentration for at least 17 days after a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur–PHBV (10 mg/kg weight). In addition, the toxicological evaluation of biochemical, hematological, and coagulation blood parameters at the therapeutic dose demonstrated the safety of ceftiofur–PHBV, with no adverse effects. In addition, ceftiofur–PHBV exhibited a therapeutic effect for a longer time period than the nonencapsulated ceftiofur in rats challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. The slow release of ceftiofur from the ceftiofur–PHBV, its low toxicity in the blood parameters evaluated, and the efficacy in the rats infected with Salmonella Typhimurium make ceftiofur–PHBV a strong candidate for biotechnological applications in the veterinary industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vilos
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Constandil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula I Rodas
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Cantin
- CIMA, Department of Integral Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Katherine Zepeda
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago
| | - Natalia Herrera
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago
| | - Luis A Velasquez
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile
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Shakeri F, Shakeri S, Hojjatoleslami M. Preparation and characterization of carvacrol loaded polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. J Food Sci 2014; 79:N697-705. [PMID: 24621231 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, preparation of carvacrol loaded polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles was performed by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. PHB particles were obtained by nanoprecipitation method without and with low concentration of Tween 80 or pluronic as surfactant. Nano- and micro-sized particles were formed with trimodal distribution and large aggregates. Size and distribution of nanoparticles were decreased when concentration of Tween 80 was increased to 1% (v/v) in water as polar phase. PHB nanoparticles had narrow size (157 nm) with monomodal distribution. Nanoparticles, which were prepared by dialysis method had 140 nm in diameter with monomodal distribution. Carvacrol was used as a lipophilic drug and entrapped in optimized nanoparticles formulation by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. Entrapment efficacy was 21% and 11%, respectively. Morphology of PHB nanoparticles was spherical. The results of kinetic release study showed that carvacrol was released for at least 3 days. Release kinetic parameters showed a simple Fickian diffusion behavior for both formulations. Carvacrol loaded PHB nanoparticles had good dispersion into the agar medium and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This study describes the 1st work on loading of carvacrol into the PHB nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shakeri
- Dept. of Food Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Gajendiran M, Jainuddin Yousuf SM, Elangovan V, Balasubramanian S. Gold nanoparticle conjugated PLGA-PEG-SA-PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymer nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, in vivo release of rifampicin. J Mater Chem B 2013; 2:418-427. [PMID: 32261386 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of succinate linearly linked PLGA-PEG-SA-PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers were synthesized using direct melt polycondensation and characterized using inherent viscosity, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy techniques. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using an as-synthesized citrate-PEG (CPEG) hybrid dendron, which acts as a reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent. The CPEG capped AuNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and TEM analysis. The Au-conjugated PLGA-PEG-SA-PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymer NPs were loaded with the tuberculosis drug rifampicin (RIF) using ultrasonication followed by solvent evaporation and were characterized by TEM, powder XRD and XPS analyses. The RIF loading efficiency and percentage drug content of RIF loaded Au-conjugated multiblock copolymer NPs were evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy. The RIF loading efficiency and RIF content of the AuNP conjugated multiblock copolymer NPs were 41.8-75.7% and 11.5-17.7% respectively. The in vivo drug release studies in male Wistar rats show that AuNP conjugated multiblock copolymer NPs exhibit drug release up to 240 h. The nanoconjugates exhibit 18.13-29.41 μg mL-1 of Cmax with a delayed Tmax of 72 h and the relative bioavailability is increased to 107-190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Gajendiran
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India600025.
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Murueva AV, Shishatskaya EI, Kuzmina AM, Volova TG, Sinskey AJ. Microparticles prepared from biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates as matrix for encapsulation of cytostatic drug. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1905-1915. [PMID: 23674057 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles made from degradable polyhydroxyalkanoates of different chemical compositions a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyric and 4-hydroxybutyric acids (P3HB/4HB), 3-hydroxybutyric and 3-hydroxyvaleric acids (P3HB/3HV), 3-hydroxybutyric and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acids (P3HB/3HHx) were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique, from double emulsions. The study addresses the influence of the chemical compositions on the size and ξ-potential of microparticles. P3HB microparticles loaded with doxorubicin have been prepared and investigated. Their average diameter and ξ-potential have been found to be dependent upon the level of loading (1, 5, and 10 % of the polymer mass). Investigation of the in vitro drug release behavior showed that the total drug released from the microparticle into the medium increased with mass concentration of the drug. In this study mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 cells were cultivated on PHA microparticles, and results of using fluorescent DAPI DNA stain, and MTT assay showed that microparticles prepared from PHAs of different chemical compositions did not exhibit cytotoxicity to cells cultured on them and proved to be highly biocompatible. Cell attachment and proliferation on PHA microparticles were similar to those on polystyrene. The cytostatic drug encapsulated in P3HB/3HV microparticles has been proven to be effective against HeLa tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Murueva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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Aboutaleb E, Noori M, Gandomi N, Atyabi F, Fazeli MR, Jamalifar H, Dinarvand R. Improved antimycobacterial activity of rifampin using solid lipid nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1186/2228-5326-2-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Goreva AV, Shishatskaya EI, Volova TG, Sinskey AJ. Characterization of polymeric microparticles based on resorbable polyesters of oxyalkanoic acids as a platform for deposition and delivery of drugs. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x12020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Lobo FA, de Aguirre CL, Silva MS, Grillo R, de Melo NFS, de Oliveira LK, de Morais LC, Campos V, Rosa AH, Fraceto LF. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) microspheres loaded with atrazine herbicide: screening of conditions for preparation, physico-chemical characterization, and in vitro release studies. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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