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Shi R, Liu X, Wang Y, Pan M, Wang S, Shi L, Ni B. Long-term stability and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is affected by particle size. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2342592. [PMID: 38714327 PMCID: PMC11085994 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2342592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has been rapidly applied for the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, naked mRNA itself is inherently unstable. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) protect mRNAs from extracellular ribonucleases and facilitate mRNA trafficking. For mRNA vaccines, antigen-presenting cells utilize LNPs through uptake to elicit antigen-specific immunity. There are reports on the impact of various physical characteristics of LNPs, particularly those with sizes less than 200 nm, especially 50 to 150 nm, on the overall stability and protective efficacy of mRNA vaccines. To address this, a single change in the size of LNPs using the same mRNA stock solution was assessed for the physicochemical characterization of the resulting mRNA-LNPs vaccine, along with the evaluation of their protective efficacy. Particles of smaller sizes generally disperse more effectively in solutions, with minimized occurrence of particle precipitation and aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that the vaccine containing 80-100 nm mRNA-LNPs showed the best stability and protection at 4°C and -20°C. Furthermore, we can conclude that freezing the vaccine at -20°C is more appropriate for maintaining stability over the long term. This effort is poised to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of ongoing mRNA vaccine endeavors and providing information on the development of novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimeng Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xueli Liu
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Hebei Research Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Research and Development Department, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Meilu Pan
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Hebei Research Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Hebei Research Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Research and Development Department, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, PR China
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2
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Mao W, Yoo HS. Inorganic Nanoparticle Functionalization Strategies in Immunotherapeutic Applications. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0086. [PMID: 39323561 PMCID: PMC11423863 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been increasingly utilized in anticancer treatment owing to its ability of engineering functional nanocarriers that enhance therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. Inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) are prevalent nanocarriers to be customized for a wide range of anticancer applications, including theranostics, imaging, targeted drug delivery, and therapeutics, because they are advantageous for their superior biocompatibility, unique optical properties, and capacity of being modified via versatile surface functionalization strategies. In the past decades, the high adaptation of INPs in this emerging immunotherapeutic field makes them good carrier options for tumor immunotherapy and combination immunotherapy. Tumor immunotherapy requires targeted delivery of immunomodulating therapeutics to tumor locations or immunological organs to provoke immune cells and induce tumor-specific immune response while regulating immune homeostasis, particularly switching the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review explores various INP designs and formulations, and their employment in tumor immunotherapy and combination immunotherapy. We also introduce detailed demonstrations of utilizing surface engineering tactics to create multifunctional INPs. The generated INPs demonstrate the abilities of stimulating and enhancing the immune response, specific targeting, and regulating cancer cells, immune cells, and their resident microenvironment, sometimes along with imaging and tracking capabilities, implying their potential in multitasking immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the promises of INP-based combination immunotherapy in tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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3
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Jin Y, Du Q, Song M, Kang R, Zhou J, Zhang H, Ding Y. Amyloid-β-targeting immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2024; 375:346-365. [PMID: 39271059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in clinical passive immunotherapy have provided compelling evidence that eliminating amyloid-β (Aβ) slows cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the modest benefits and side effects observed in clinical trials indicate that current immunotherapy therapy is not a panacea, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of AD mechanisms and the significance of early intervention through optimized immunotherapy or immunoprevention. This review focuses on the centrality of Aβ pathology in AD and summarizes recent clinical progress in passive and active immunotherapies targeting Aβ, discussing their lessons and failures to inform future anti-Aβ biotherapeutics design. Various delivery strategies to optimize Aβ-targeting immunotherapies are outlined, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks in overcoming challenges such as poor stability and limited tissue accessibility of anti-Aβ biotherapeutics. Additionally, the perspectives and challenges of immunotherapy and immunoprevention targeting Aβ are concluded in the end, aiming to guide the development of next-generation anti-Aβ immunotherapeutic agents towards improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiaofei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingjie Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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4
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Lu R, Lee BJ, Lee E. Three-Dimensional Lymphatics-on-a-Chip Reveals Distinct, Size-Dependent Nanoparticle Transport Mechanisms in Lymphatic Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:5752-5763. [PMID: 39176471 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Although nanoparticle-based lymphatic drug delivery systems promise better treatment of cancer, infectious disease, and immune disease, their clinical translations are limited by low delivery efficiencies and unclear transport mechanisms. Here, we employed a three-dimensional (3D) lymphatics-on-a-chip featuring an engineered lymphatic vessel (LV) capable of draining interstitial fluids including nanoparticles. We tested lymphatic drainage of different sizes (30, 50, and 70 nm) of PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) using the lymphatics-on-a-chip device. In this study, we discovered that smaller NPs (30 and 50 nm) transported faster than larger NPs (70 nm) through the interstitial space, as expected, but the smaller NPs were captured by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and accumulated within their cytosol, delaying NP transport into the lymphatic lumen, which was not observed in larger NPs. To examine the mechanisms of size-dependent NP transports, we employed four inhibitors, dynasore, nystatin, amiloride, and adrenomedullin, to selectively block dynamin-, caveolin-, macropinocytosis-mediated endocytosis-, and cell junction-mediated paracellular transport. Inhibiting dynamin using dynasore enhanced the transport of smaller NPs (30 and 50 nm) into the lymphatic lumen, minimizing cytosolic accumulation, but showed no effect on larger NP transport. Interestingly, the inhibition of caveolin by nystatin decreased the lymphatic transport of larger NPs without affecting the smaller NP transport, indicating distinct endocytosis mechanisms used by different sizes of NPs. Macropinocytosis inhibition by amiloride did not change the drainage of all sizes of NPs; however, paracellular transport inhibition by adrenomedullin blocked the lymphatic transport of NPs of all sizes. We further revealed that smaller NPs were captured in the Rab7-positive late-stage lymphatic endosomes to delay their lymphatic drainage, which was reversed by dynamin inhibition, suggesting that Rab7 is a potential target to enhance the lymphatic delivery of smaller NPs. Together, our 3D lymphatics-on-a-chip model unveils size-dependent NP transport mechanisms in lymphatic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Lu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Benjamin J Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Yuan P, Yan X, Zong X, Li X, Yang C, Chen X, Li Y, Wen Y, Zhu T, Xue W, Dai J. Modulating Elasticity of Liposome for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23797-23811. [PMID: 39140567 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatment in recent years. The physical and chemical properties of nanocarriers are critical factors that regulate the immune activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we extensively investigated the behavior of liposome nanoparticles (Lipo-NPs) with different elasticities, focusing on their interaction with immune cells and their transport mechanisms from tumors to tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs). Successfully preparing Lipo-NPs with distinct elastic properties, their varied behaviors were observed, concerning immune cell interaction. Soft Lipo-NPs exhibited an affinity to cell membranes, while those with medium elasticity facilitated the cargo delivery to macrophages through membrane fusion. Conversely, hard Lipo-NPs enter macrophages via classical cellular uptake pathways. Additionally, it was noted that softer Lipo-NPs displayed superior transport to tdLNs in vivo, attributed to their deformable nature with lower elasticity. As a result, the medium elastic Lipo-NPs with agonists (cGAMP), by activating the STING pathway and enhancing transport to tdLNs, promoted abundant infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), leading to notable antitumor effects and extended survival in a melanoma mouse model. Furthermore, this study highlighted the potential synergistic effect of medium elasticity Lipo-NPs with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in preventing tumor immune evasion. These findings hold promise for guiding immune-targeted delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy, particularly in vaccine design for tdLNs targeting and eradicating metastasis within tdLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaodie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaoqi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianci Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Alexander S, Wang WX, Tseng CY, Douglas TR, Chou LYT. High-Throughput, Label-Free Detection of DNA Origami in Single-Cell Suspensions Using origamiFISH-Flow. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400236. [PMID: 38686679 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Structural DNA nanotechnology enables custom fabrication of nanoscale devices and promises diverse biological applications. However, the effects of design on DNA nanostructure (DN)-cell interactions in vitro and in vivo are not yet well-characterized. origamiFISH is a recently developed technique for imaging DNs in cells and tissues. Compared to the use of fluorescent tags, origamiFISH offers label-free and structure-agnostic detection of DNs with significantly improved sensitivity. Here, the origamiFISH technique is extended to quantify DNs in single-cell suspensions, including in nonadherent cells such as subsets of immune cells, via readout by flow cytometry. This method, referred to as origamiFISH-Flow, is high-throughput (e.g., 10 000 cells per second) and compatible with immunostaining for concurrent cell-type and cell-state characterization. It is shown that origamiFISH-Flow provides 20-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio for DN detection compared to dye labeling approaches, leading to the capture of >25-fold more DN+ cells under single-picomolar DN uptake concentrations. Additionally, the use of origamiFISH-Flow is validated to profile the uptake of various DN shapes across multiple cell lines and splenocytes, as well as to quantify in vivo DN accumulation in lymphoid organs. Together, origamiFISH-Flow offers a new tool to interrogate DN interactions with cells and tissues, while providing insights for tailoring their designs in bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Alexander
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Wendy Xueyi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Chung-Yi Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Travis R Douglas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Leo Y T Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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7
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Choi YS, Felgner J, Jan S, Hernandez-Davies JE, Davies DH, Kwon YJ. Administration sequence- and formation-dependent vaccination using acid-degradable polymeric nanoparticles with high antigen encapsulation capability. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6577-6586. [PMID: 38872501 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02834h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines aim to efficiently and specifically activate the immune system via a cascade of antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to CD4 and CD8 T cells, which in turn drive humoral and cellular immune responses. The specific formulation of vaccine carriers can not only shield the antigens from premature sequestering before reaching APCs but also favorably promote intracellular antigen presentation and processing. This study compares two different acid-degradable polymeric nanoparticles that are capable of encapsulating a moderately immunogenic antigen, GFP, at nearly full efficacy via electrostatic interactions or molecular affinity between His tag and Ni-NTA-conjugated monomners. This resulted in GFP-encapsulating NPs composed of ketal monomers and crosslinkers (KMX/GFP NPs) and NTA-conjugated ketal monomers and crosslinkers (NKMX/GFP NPs), respectively. Encapsulated GFP was found to be released more rapidly from NKMX/GFP NPs (electrostatic encapsulation) than from KMX/GFP NPs (affinity-driven encapsulation). In vivo vaccination studies demonstrated that while repeated injections of either NP formulation resulted in poorer generation of anti-GFP antibodies than injections of the GFP antigen itself, sequential injections of NPs and GFP as prime and booster vaccines, respectively, restored the humoral response. We proposed that NPs primarily assist APCs in antigen presentation by T cells, and B cells need to be further stimulated by free protein antigens to produce antibodies. The findings of this study suggest that the immune response can be modulated by varying the chemistry of vaccine carriers and the sequences of vaccination with free antigens and antigen-encapsulating NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sharon Jan
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | | | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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8
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Shen Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Meyer MD, De Guzman MT, Lim JC, Xiao H, Bouchard RR, Lu GJ. 50-nm Gas-Filled Protein Nanostructures to Enable the Access of Lymphatic Cells by Ultrasound Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307123. [PMID: 38533973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated gene and drug delivery are rapidly advancing diagnostic and therapeutic methods; however, their use is often limited by the need for microbubbles, which cannot transverse many biological barriers due to their large size. Here, the authors introduce 50-nm gas-filled protein nanostructures derived from genetically engineered gas vesicles(GVs) that are referred to as 50 nmGVs. These diamond-shaped nanostructures have hydrodynamic diameters smaller than commercially available 50-nm gold nanoparticles and are, to the authors' knowledge, the smallest stable, free-floating bubbles made to date. 50 nmGVs can be produced in bacteria, purified through centrifugation, and remain stable for months. Interstitially injected 50 nmGVs can extravasate into lymphatic tissues and gain access to critical immune cell populations, and electron microscopy images of lymph node tissues reveal their subcellular location in antigen-presenting cells adjacent to lymphocytes. The authors anticipate that 50 nmGVs can substantially broaden the range of cells accessible to current ultrasound technologies and may generate applications beyond biomedicine as ultrasmall stable gas-filled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zongru Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Marc T De Guzman
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janie C Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- SynthX Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Richard R Bouchard
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Rice Synthetic Biology Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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9
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Hwang J, Dittmar JW, Kang J, Ocampo T, Evangelopoulos M, Han Z, Kudruk S, Lorch J, Mirkin CA. DNA Anchoring Strength Directly Correlates with Spherical Nucleic Acid-Based HPV E7 Cancer Vaccine Potency. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7629-7636. [PMID: 38874796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination for cancers arising from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection holds immense potential, yet clinical success has been elusive. Herein, we describe vaccination studies involving spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) incorporating a CpG adjuvant and a peptide antigen (E711-19) from the HPV-E7 oncoprotein. Administering the vaccine to humanized mice induced immunity-dependent on the oligonucleotide anchor chemistry (cholesterol vs (C12)9). SNAs containing a (C12)9-anchor enhanced IFN-γ production >200-fold, doubled memory CD8+ T-cell formation, and delivered more than twice the amount of oligonucleotide to lymph nodes in vivo compared to a simple admixture. Importantly, the analogous construct with a weaker cholesterol anchor performed similar to admix. Moreover, (C12)9-SNAs activated 50% more dendritic cells and generated T-cells cytotoxic toward an HPV+ cancer cell line, UM-SCC-104, with near 2-fold greater efficiency. These observations highlight the pivotal role of structural design, and specifically oligonucleotide anchoring strength (which correlates with overall construct stability), in developing efficacious therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jasper Wilson Dittmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Janice Kang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tonatiuh Ocampo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jochen Lorch
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Zhong L, Zhang W, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Wen Z, Chen L, Chen H, Luo Y, Chen Y, Feng Q, Zeng MS, Zhao Q, Liu L, Krummenacher C, Zeng YX, Chen Y, Xu M, Zhang X. A cocktail nanovaccine targeting key entry glycoproteins elicits high neutralizing antibody levels against EBV infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5310. [PMID: 38906867 PMCID: PMC11192767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is closely associated with various malignancies. Considering the complex life cycle of EBV, developing vaccines targeting key entry glycoproteins to elicit robust and durable adaptive immune responses may provide better protection. EBV gHgL-, gB- and gp42-specific antibodies in healthy EBV carriers contributed to sera neutralizing abilities in vitro, indicating that they are potential antigen candidates. To enhance the immunogenicity of these antigens, we formulate three nanovaccines by co-delivering molecular adjuvants (CpG and MPLA) and antigens (gHgL, gB or gp42). These nanovaccines induce robust humoral and cellular responses through efficient activation of dendritic cells and germinal center response. Importantly, these nanovaccines generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies recognizing vulnerable sites of all three antigens. IgGs induced by a cocktail vaccine containing three nanovaccines confer superior protection from lethal EBV challenge in female humanized mice compared to IgG elicited by individual NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42. Importantly, serum antibodies elicited by cocktail nanovaccine immunization confer durable protection against EBV-associated lymphoma. Overall, the cocktail nanovaccine shows robust immunogenicity and is a promising candidate for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfu Wen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanran Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yongming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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11
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Liang R, Chen W, Li Q, Xu J, Zhao H, Xing D. Targeting lymph nodes for enhanced cancer vaccination: From nanotechnology to tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101068. [PMID: 38711936 PMCID: PMC11070719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) occupy a critical position in initiating and augmenting immune responses, both spatially and functionally. In cancer immunotherapy, tumor-specific vaccines are blooming as a powerful tool to suppress the growth of existing tumors, as well as provide preventative efficacy against tumorigenesis. Delivering these vaccines more efficiently to LNs, where antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells abundantly reside, is under extensive exploration. Formulating vaccines into nanomedicines, optimizing their physiochemical properties, and surface modification to specifically bind molecules expressed on LNs or APCs, are common routes and have brought encouraging outcomes. Alternatively, porous scaffolds can be engineered to attract APCs and provide an environment for them to mature, proliferate and migrate to LNs. A relatively new research direction is inducing the formation of LN-like organoids, which have shown positive relevance to tumor prognosis. Cutting-edge advances in these directions and discussions from a future perspective are given here, from which the up-to-date pattern of cancer vaccination will be drawn to hopefully provide basic guidance to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Rongxiang Liang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Li ZZ, Zhong NN, Cao LM, Cai ZM, Xiao Y, Wang GR, Liu B, Xu C, Bu LL. Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308731. [PMID: 38327169 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in cancer treatment, with many approved drugs and modalities in the development stages. Despite its promise, immunotherapy is not without its limitations, including side effects and suboptimal efficacy. Using nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery vehicles to target immunotherapy to lymph nodes (LNs) can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy drugs and reduce side effects in patients. In this context, this paper reviews the development of LN-targeted immunotherapeutic NP strategies, the mechanisms of NP transport during LN targeting, and their related biosafety risks. NP targeting of LNs involves either passive targeting, influenced by NP physical properties, or active targeting, facilitated by affinity ligands on NP surfaces, while alternative methods, such as intranodal injection and high endothelial venule (HEV) targeting, have uncertain clinical applicability and require further research and validation. LN targeting of NPs for immunotherapy can reduce side effects and increase biocompatibility, but risks such as toxicity, organ accumulation, and oxidative stress remain, although strategies such as biodegradable biomacromolecules, polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, and impurity addition can mitigate these risks. Additionally, this work concludes with a future-oriented discussion, offering critical insights into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ze-Min Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, 4066, Australia
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
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13
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Hartmeier PR, Ostrowski SM, Busch EE, Empey KM, Meng WS. Lymphatic distribution considerations for subunit vaccine design and development. Vaccine 2024; 42:2519-2529. [PMID: 38494411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are an important platform for controlling current and emerging infectious diseases. The lymph nodes are the primary site generating the humoral response and delivery of antigens to these sites is critical to effective immunization. Indeed, the duration of antigen exposure within the lymph node is correlated with the antibody response. While current licensed vaccines are typically given through the intramuscular route, injecting vaccines subcutaneously allows for direct access to lymphatic vessels and therefore can enhance the transfer of antigen to the lymph nodes. However, protein subunit antigen uptake into the lymph nodes is inefficient, and subunit vaccines require adjuvants to stimulate the initial immune response. Therefore, formulation strategies have been developed to enhance the exposure of subunit proteins and adjuvants to the lymph nodes by increasing lymphatic uptake or prolonging the retention at the injection site. Given that lymph node exposure is a crucial consideration in vaccine design, in depth analyses of the pharmacokinetics of antigens and adjuvants should be the focus of future preclinical and clinical studies. This review will provide an overview of formulation strategies for targeting the lymphatics and prolonging antigen exposure and will discuss pharmacokinetic evaluations which can be applied toward vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hartmeier
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Sarah M Ostrowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emelia E Busch
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Kerry M Empey
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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14
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Chung JT, Rafiei M, Chau Y. Self-adjuvanted L-arginine-modified dextran-based nanogels for sustained local antigenic protein delivery to antigen-presenting cells and enhanced cellular and humoral immune responses. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1771-1787. [PMID: 38385306 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In the development of cancer vaccines, antigens are delivered to elicit potent and specific T-cell responses to eradicate tumour cells. Nonetheless, successful vaccines are often hampered by the poor immunogenicity of tumour antigens, rapid clearance by the innate immunity, and limited cross-presentation on MHC-I to activate CD8+ T-cells arm. To address these issues, we developed dextran-based nanogels to promote antigen uptake, storage, and cross-presentation on MHC-I, while directing immunogenic maturation of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To promote the nanocarriers interaction with cells, we modified DX with L-arginine (Arg), whose immunomodulatory activities have been well documented. The ArgDX nanogel performance was compared with the nanogel modified with L-histidine (His) and L-glutamate (Glut). Moreover, we introduced pH-sensitive hydrazone crosslinking during the nanogel formation for the conjugation and controlled release of antigen ovalbumin (OVA). The OVA-laden nanogels have an average size of 325 nm. We demonstrated that the nanogels could rapidly release cargoes upon a pH change from 7 to 5 within 8 days, indicating the controlled release of antigens in the acidic cellular compartments upon internalization. Our results revealed that the ArgDX nanogel could promote greater antigen uptake and storage in DCs in vitro and promoted a stronger immunogenic maturation of DCs and M1 polarization of the macrophages. The OVA signals were co-localized with lysosomal compartments up till 96 hours post-treatment and washing, suggesting the nanogels could facilitate prolonged antigen storage and supply from endo-lysosomal compartments. Furthermore, all the tested nanogel formulations retained antigens at the skin injection sites until day 21. Such delayed clearance could be due to the formation of micron-sized aggregates of OVA-laden nanogels, extending the interactions with the resident DCs. Amongst the amino acid modifications, ArgDX nanogels promoted the highest level of lymph node homing signal CCR7 on DCs. The nanogels also showed higher antigen presentation on both MHC-I and II than DX in vitro. In the in vivo immune studies, ArgDX nanogels were more superior in inducing cellular and humoral immunity than the other treatment groups on day 21 post-treatment. These results suggested that ArgDX nanogel is a promising self-adjuvanted nanocarrier for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Teng Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Mehrnoosh Rafiei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ying Chau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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15
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Hassett KJ, Rajlic IL, Bahl K, White R, Cowens K, Jacquinet E, Burke KE. mRNA vaccine trafficking and resulting protein expression after intramuscular administration. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102083. [PMID: 38161733 PMCID: PMC10755037 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine route from injection site to critical immunologic tissues, as well as the localization of protein antigen following intramuscular (i.m.) administration, is crucial to generating an effective immune response. Here, we quantified mRNA at the injection site, lymph nodes, and in select tissues. mRNA was primarily present 24 h after administration and then rapidly degraded from local and systemic tissues. Histological analyses of mRNA and expressed protein at the site of administration and in the lymph nodes following i.m. administration of our vaccine in rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were completed, and mRNA and protein expression were detected in tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells at the injection site. In addition, high levels of protein expression were observed within subcapsular and medullary sinus macrophages in draining lymph nodes. More important, results were similar between rodents and NHPs, indicating cross-species similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kapil Bahl
- Orbital Therapeutics, 21 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca White
- ReNAgade Therapeutics, 640 Memorial Drive, Suite 2300, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen Cowens
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Jacquinet
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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17
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Wan J, Wang Z, Wang L, Wu L, Zhang C, Zhou M, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Circular RNA vaccines with long-term lymph node-targeting delivery stability after lyophilization induce potent and persistent immune responses. mBio 2024; 15:e0177523. [PMID: 38078742 PMCID: PMC10790773 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01775-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are a key technology in combating existing and emerging infectious diseases. However, the inherent instability of mRNA and the nonspecificity of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated (LNP) delivery systems result in the need for cold storage and a relatively short-duration immune response to mRNA vaccines. Herein, we develop a novel vaccine in the form of circRNAs encapsulated in LNPs, and the circular structure of the circRNAs enhances their stability. Lyophilization is considered the most effective method for the long-term preservation of RNA vaccines. However, this process may result in irreversible damage to the nanoparticles, particularly the potential disruption of targeting modifications on LNPs. During the selection of lymph node-targeting ligands, we found that LNPs modified with mannose maintained their physical properties almost unchanged after lyophilization. Additionally, the targeting specificity and immunogenicity remained unaffected. In contrast, even with the addition of cryoprotectants such as sucrose, the physical properties of LNPs were impaired, leading to an obvious decrease in immunogenicity. This may be attributed to the protective role of mannose on the surface of LNPs during lyophilization. Freshly prepared and lyophilized mLNP-circRNA vaccines elicited comparable immune responses in both the rabies virus model and the SARS-CoV-2 model. Our data demonstrated that mLNP-circRNA vaccines elicit robust immune responses while improving stability after lyophilization, with no compromise in tissue targeting specificity. Therefore, mannose-modified LNP-circRNA vaccines represent a promising vaccine design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawu Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Tang Y, Li L. The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:367-388. [PMID: 38229706 PMCID: PMC10790641 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by the body's chronic immune responses to self-antigens and attacks on the host's own cells, tissues and organs. The dysfunction of innate immunity and adaptive immunity leads to the destruction of autoimmune tolerance, which is the most basic factor leading to pathogenesis. The optimal strategy for autoimmune diseases is to modify the host immune system to restore tolerance. The ideal effect of therapeutic autoimmune diseases is to eliminate the autoantigen-specific spontaneous immune response without interfering with the immune response against other antigens. Therapeutic nanovaccines that produce immune tolerance conform to this principle. Nanomaterials provide a platform for antigen loading and modification due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Nanovaccines based on nanomaterial technology can simultaneously enable antigens and adjuvants to be absorbed by immune cells and induce rapid and durable immunity. Nanovaccines have the advantages of being able to be designed and loaded and of better protecting antigens from premature degradation. Nanovaccines also have the ability to target specific tissues or cells through optimized design. We review the latest research progress of nanovaccines for autoimmune diseases and the design strategies of nanovaccines to promote the development of more effective nanovaccines for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Tang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chen K, Jiang M, Liu J, Huang D, Yang YR. DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1921. [PMID: 37562787 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based vaccines offer a multivalent approach for antigen display, efficiently activating T and B cells in the lymph nodes. Among various nanoparticle design strategies, DNA nanotechnology offers an innovative alternative platform, featuring high modularity, spatial addressing, nanoscale regulation, high functional group density, and lower self-antigenicity. This review delves into the potential of DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display, addressing: (1) immunological mechanisms behind nanovaccines and commonly used nanoparticles in their design, (2) techniques for characterizing protein NP-antigen complexes, (3) advancements in DNA nanotechnology and DNA-protein assembly approach, (4) strategies for precise antigen presentation on DNA scaffolds, and (5) current applications and future possibilities of DNA scaffolds in antigen display. This analysis aims to highlight the transformative potential of DNA nanoscaffolds in immunology and vaccinology. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Deli Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhe R Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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21
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Chandpa HH, Panda AK, Meena CL, Meena J. Beyond the polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae: Does protein/peptide nanovaccines hold promises? Vaccine 2023; 41:7515-7524. [PMID: 37980259 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae having almost 98 serotypes and being common cause of acute otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis etc., which results in high mortality and morbidity globally. Although vaccines like PCV-13 and PPV-23 are available, some problems like serotype replacement and poor immunogenicity in children, old age and immunocompromised people has been observed. To overcome these drawbacks protein/peptide-based vaccine can be a good strategy as these provides wide serotype coverage. However, immunogenicity of protein subunit vaccines is lower, that issue can be solved by using adjuvants. Recently nanoparticles as an adjuvant for vaccine delivery being used, which has provided not only good immunogenicity but also improved delivery and efficiency of protein-based vaccines. In this review we have discussed the latest advancement of nanoparticles-based protein/peptide vaccine delivery for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Harsukhbhai Chandpa
- ImmunoEngineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amulya Kumar Panda
- Panacea Biotec Limited, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Estate, Badarpur, New Delhi 110044, India
| | - Chhuttan Lal Meena
- Drug Design Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jairam Meena
- ImmunoEngineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India.
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22
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Xu M, Qi Y, Liu G, Song Y, Jiang X, Du B. Size-Dependent In Vivo Transport of Nanoparticles: Implications for Delivery, Targeting, and Clearance. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20825-20849. [PMID: 37921488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the in vivo transport of nanoparticles provides guidelines for designing nanomedicines with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Among many factors, the size of nanoparticles plays a key role in controlling their in vivo transport behaviors due to the existence of various physiological size thresholds within the body and size-dependent nano-bio interactions. Encouraged by the evolving discoveries of nanoparticle-size-dependent biological effects, we believe that it is necessary to systematically summarize the size-scaling laws of nanoparticle transport in vivo. In this review, we summarized the size effect of nanoparticles on their in vivo transport along their journey in the body: begin with the administration of nanoparticles via different delivery routes, followed by the targeting of nanoparticles to intended tissues including tumors and other organs, and eventually clearance of nanoparticles through the liver or kidneys. We outlined the tools for investigating the in vivo transport of nanoparticles as well. Finally, we discussed how we may leverage the size-dependent transport to tackle some of the key challenges in nanomedicine translation and also raised important size-related questions that remain to be answered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Xu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Qi
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Gaoshuo Liu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqing Song
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bujie Du
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
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23
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Ou BS, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Bruun TUJ, Baillet J, Zhou X, King NP, Appel EA. Broad and Durable Humoral Responses Following Single Hydrogel Immunization of SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301495. [PMID: 37278391 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most vaccines require several immunizations to induce robust immunity, and indeed, most SARS-CoV-2 vaccines require an initial two-shot regimen followed by several boosters to maintain efficacy. Such a complex series of immunizations unfortunately increases the cost and complexity of populations-scale vaccination and reduces overall compliance and vaccination rate. In a rapidly evolving pandemic affected by the spread of immune-escaping variants, there is an urgent need to develop vaccines capable of providing robust and durable immunity. In this work, a single immunization SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine is developed that can rapidly generate potent, broad, and durable humoral immunity. Injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels are leveraged as a depot technology for the sustained delivery of a nanoparticle antigen (RND-NP) displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and potent adjuvants including CpG and 3M-052. Compared to a clinically relevant prime-boost regimen with soluble vaccines formulated with CpG/alum or 3M-052/alum adjuvants, PNP hydrogel vaccines more rapidly generated higher, broader, and more durable antibody responses. Additionally, these single-immunization hydrogel-based vaccines elicit potent and consistent neutralizing responses. Overall, it is shown that PNP hydrogels elicit improved anti-COVID immune responses with only a single administration, demonstrating their potential as critical technologies to enhance overall pandemic readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S Ou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Olivia M Saouaf
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Theodora U J Bruun
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Xueting Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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24
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Hartmeier PR, Kosanovich JL, Velankar KY, Ostrowski SM, Busch EE, Lipp MA, Empey KM, Meng WS. Modeling the kinetics of lymph node retention and exposure of a cargo protein delivered by biotin-functionalized nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:453-463. [PMID: 37652212 PMCID: PMC10592217 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity through vaccination arises from the adaptive immune response developed primarily in the lymph nodes drained from the immunization site. Relative to the intramuscular route, subcutaneous administration allows for direct and rapid access to the lymphatics, but accumulation of soluble protein antigens within the lymph nodes is limited. Subunit vaccines also require immune stimulating adjuvants which may not accumulate in the same lymph nodes simultaneously with antigen. Herein we report the use of biotinylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (bNPs) to enhance delivery of a model protein antigen to the lymphatics. bNPs provide dual functionality as adjuvant and vehicle to localize antigens with stimulated immune cells in the same draining lymph node. Using streptavidin as a model antigen, which can be loaded directly onto the bNP surface, we evaluated the kinetics of lymph node occupancy and adaptive immune responses in wildtype C57BL/6 mice. Antigen exposure in vivo was significantly improved through surface loading onto bNPs, and we developed a working kinetic model to account for the retention of both particles and antigen in draining lymph nodes. We observed enhanced T cell responses and antigen-specific B cell response in vivo when antigen was delivered on the particle surface. This work highlights the advantage of combining intrinsic adjuvant and antigen loading in a single entity, and the utility of kinetic modeling in the understanding of particle-based vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Development of safe and effective subunit vaccines depends on effective formulations that render optimized exposure and colocalization of antigens and adjuvants. In this work, we utilize a nanoparticle system which features self-adjuvanting properties and allows for surface loading of recombinant protein antigens. Using in vivo imaging, we demonstrated prolonged co-localization of the antigen and adjuvant particles in draining lymph nodes and provided evidence of B cell activation for up to 21 days following subcutaneous injection. A pharmacokinetic model was developed as a step towards bridging the translational gap between particulate-based vaccines and observed outcomes. The results have implications for the rational design of particle-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hartmeier
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Jessica L Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ketki Y Velankar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Sarah M Ostrowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Emelia E Busch
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Madeline A Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kerry M Empey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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25
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Alexander S, Moghadam MG, Rothenbroker M, Y T Chou L. Addressing the in vivo delivery of nucleic-acid nanostructure therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114898. [PMID: 37230305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA and RNA nanostructures are being investigated as therapeutics, vaccines, and drug delivery systems. These nanostructures can be functionalized with guests ranging from small molecules to proteins with precise spatial and stoichiometric control. This has enabled new strategies to manipulate drug activity and to engineer devices with novel therapeutic functionalities. Although existing studies have offered encouraging in vitro or pre-clinical proof-of-concepts, establishing mechanisms of in vivo delivery is the new frontier for nucleic-acid nanotechnologies. In this review, we first provide a summary of existing literature on the in vivo uses of DNA and RNA nanostructures. Based on their application areas, we discuss current models of nanoparticle delivery, and thereby highlight knowledge gaps on the in vivo interactions of nucleic-acid nanostructures. Finally, we describe techniques and strategies for investigating and engineering these interactions. Together, we propose a framework to establish in vivo design principles and advance the in vivo translation of nucleic-acid nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Alexander
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Meghan Rothenbroker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Leo Y T Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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26
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Ren H, Jia W, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. Adjuvant physiochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for vaccine development. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5172-5254. [PMID: 37462107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 worldwide, offering new strategies to effectively combat diseases threatening human health. Adjuvants are vital ingredients in vaccines, which can augment the degree, extensiveness, and longevity of antigen specific immune response. The advances in the modulation of physicochemical properties of nanoplatforms elevate the capability of adjuvants in initiating the innate immune system and adaptive immunity, offering immense potential for developing vaccines against hard-to-target infectious diseases and cancer. In this review, we provide an essential introduction of the basic principles of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, key roles of adjuvants in augmenting and shaping immunity to achieve desired outcomes and effectiveness, and the physiochemical properties and action mechanisms of clinically approved adjuvants for humans. We particularly focus on the preclinical and clinical progress of highly immunogenic emerging nanotechnology adjuvants formulated in vaccines for cancer treatment or infectious disease prevention. We deliberate on how the immune system can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues (e.g., chirality, deformability, solubility, topology, and chemical structures) of nanotechnology adjuvants incorporated in the vaccines. Finally, we propose possible strategies to accelerate the clinical implementation of nanotechnology adjuvanted vaccines, such as in-depth elucidation of nano-immuno interactions, antigen identification and optimization by the deployment of high-dimensional multiomics analysis approaches, encouraging close collaborations among scientists from different scientific disciplines and aggressive exploration of novel nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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27
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Shen Q, Li Z, Meyer MD, De Guzman MT, Lim JC, Bouchard RR, Lu GJ. 50-nm gas-filled protein nanostructures to enable the access of lymphatic cells by ultrasound technologies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546433. [PMID: 37425762 PMCID: PMC10327079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated gene and drug delivery are rapidly advancing diagnostic and therapeutic methods; however, their use is often limited by the need of microbubbles, which cannot transverse many biological barriers due to their large size. Here we introduce 50-nm gas-filled protein nanostructures derived from genetically engineered gas vesicles that we referred to as 50nm GVs. These diamond-shaped nanostructures have hydrodynamic diameters smaller than commercially available 50-nm gold nanoparticles and are, to our knowledge, the smallest stable, free-floating bubbles made to date. 50nm GVs can be produced in bacteria, purified through centrifugation, and remain stable for months. Interstitially injected 50nm GVs can extravasate into lymphatic tissues and gain access to critical immune cell populations, and electron microscopy images of lymph node tissues reveal their subcellular location in antigen-presenting cells adjacent to lymphocytes. We anticipate that 50nm GVs can substantially broaden the range of cells accessible to current ultrasound technologies and may generate applications beyond biomedicine as ultrasmall stable gas-filled nanomaterials.
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28
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Maisel K, McClain CA, Bogseth A, Thomas SN. Nanotechnologies for Physiology-Informed Drug Delivery to the Lymphatic System. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:233-256. [PMID: 37000965 PMCID: PMC10879987 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092222-034906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the increasing translational impact of immunotherapeutic strategies to treat and prevent disease has been a broadening interest across both bioscience and bioengineering in the lymphatic system. Herein, the lymphatic system physiology, ranging from its tissue structures to immune functions and effects, is described. Design principles and engineering approaches to analyze and manipulate this tissue system in nanoparticle-based drug delivery applications are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maisel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Claire A McClain
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Amanda Bogseth
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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29
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Dong H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ding M, Teng Z, Mou Y. Biomaterials Facilitating Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301339. [PMID: 37088780 PMCID: PMC10288267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the application of traditional DC-mediated immunotherapy is limited due to insufficient antigen delivery, inadequate antigen presentation, and high levels of immunosuppression. To address these challenges, engineered biomaterials have been exploited to enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects. In this review, vital principal components that can enhance DC-mediated immunotherapeutic effects are first introduced. The parameters considered in the rational design of biomaterials, including targeting modifications, size, shape, surface, and mechanical properties, which can affect biomaterial optimization of DC functions, are further summarized. Moreover, recent applications of various engineered biomaterials in the field of DC-mediated immunotherapy are reviewed, including those serve as immune component delivery platforms, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and synergistically enhance the effects of other antitumor therapies. Overall, the present review comprehensively and systematically summarizes biomaterials related to the promotion of DC functions; and specifically focuses on the recent advances in biomaterial designs for DC activation to eradicate tumors. The challenges and opportunities of treatment strategies designed to amplify DCs via the application of biomaterials are discussed with the aim of inspiring the clinical translation of future DC-mediated cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information DisplaysJiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced MaterialsNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjingJiangsu210023P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University30 Zhongyang RoadNanjingJiangsu210008P. R. China
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30
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Xu J, Liu H, Wang T, Wen Z, Chen H, Yang Z, Li L, Yu S, Gao S, Yang L, Li K, Li J, Li X, Liu L, Liao G, Chen Y, Liang Y. CCR7 Mediated Mimetic Dendritic Cell Vaccine Homing in Lymph Node for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207017. [PMID: 37092579 PMCID: PMC10265089 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been recognized as one of the most promising treatment strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As a pioneering trend of immunotherapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have displayed the ability to prime an immune response, while the insufficient immunogenicity and low lymph node (LN) targeting efficiency, resulted in an unsubstantiated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Herein, a hybrid nanovaccine (Hy-M-Exo) is developed via fusing tumor-derived exosome (TEX) and dendritic cell membrane vesicle (DCMV). The hybrid nanovaccine inherited the key protein for lymphatic homing, CCR7, from DCMV and demonstrated an enhanced efficiency of LN targeting. Meanwhile, the reserved tumor antigens and endogenous danger signals in the hybrid nanovaccine activated antigen presenting cells (APCs) elicited a robust T-cell response. Moreover, the nanovaccine Hy-M-Exo displayed good therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of HNSCC. These results indicated that Hy-M-Exo is of high clinical value to serve as a feasible strategy for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Xu
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- School of StomatologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221004P. R. China
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221004P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Zhenfu Wen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Haolin Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Liyan Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Siyong Gao
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Kan Li
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Hospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhou510030P. R. China
- Institute of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510030P. R. China
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31
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Ackun-Farmmer MA, Jewell CM. Delivery route considerations for designing antigen-specific biomaterial strategies to combat autoimmunity. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023; 3:2200135. [PMID: 36938103 PMCID: PMC10019031 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease modifying drugs and biologics used to treat autoimmune diseases, although promising, are non-curative. As the field moves towards development of new approaches to treat autoimmune disease, antigen-specific therapies immunotherapies (ASITs) have emerged. Despite clinical approval of ASITs for allergies, clinical trials using soluble ASITs for autoimmunity have been largely unsuccessful. A major effort to address this shortcoming is the use of biomaterials to harness the features unique to specific delivery routes. This review focuses on biomaterials being developed for delivery route-specific strategies to induce antigen-specific responses in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease. We first discuss the delivery strategies used in ongoing and completed clinical trials in autoimmune ASITs. Next, we highlight pre-clinical biomaterial approaches from the most recent 3 years in the context of these same delivery route considerations. Lastly, we provide discussion on the gaps remaining in biomaterials development and comment on the need to consider delivery routes in the process of designing biomaterials for ASITs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A Ackun-Farmmer
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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32
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Han J, Sheng T, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Gao J, Yu J, Gu Z. Bioresponsive Immunotherapeutic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2209778. [PMID: 36639983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system is an interaction network of biological processes, and its dysfunction is closely associated with a wide array of diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, tissue damage, and autoimmune diseases. Manipulation of the immune response network in a desired and controlled fashion has been regarded as a promising strategy for maximizing immunotherapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. Integration of "smart" bioresponsive materials with immunoactive agents including small molecules, biomacromolecules, and cells can achieve on-demand release of agents at targeted sites to reduce overdose-related toxicity and alleviate off-target effects. This review highlights the design principles of bioresponsive immunotherapeutic materials and discusses the critical roles of controlled release of immunoactive agents from bioresponsive materials in recruiting, housing, and manipulating immune cells for evoking desired immune responses. Challenges and future directions from the perspective of clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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33
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Millozzi F, Papait A, Bouché M, Parolini O, Palacios D. Nano-Immunomodulation: A New Strategy for Skeletal Muscle Diseases and Aging? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1175. [PMID: 36674691 PMCID: PMC9862642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle has a very remarkable ability to regenerate upon injury under physiological conditions; however, this regenerative capacity is strongly diminished in physio-pathological conditions, such as those present in diseased or aged muscles. Many muscular dystrophies (MDs) are characterized by aberrant inflammation due to the deregulation of both the lymphoid and myeloid cell populations and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pathological inflammation is also observed in old muscles due to a systemic change in the immune system, known as "inflammaging". Immunomodulation represents, therefore, a promising therapeutic opportunity for different skeletal muscle conditions. However, the use of immunomodulatory drugs in the clinics presents several caveats, including their low stability in vivo, the need for high doses to obtain therapeutically relevant effects, and the presence of strong side effects. Within this context, the emerging field of nanomedicine provides the powerful tools needed to control the immune response. Nano-scale materials are currently being explored as biocarriers to release immunomodulatory agents in the damaged tissues, allowing therapeutic doses with limited off-target effects. In addition, the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of some nanomaterials offer further opportunities for intervention that still need to be systematically explored. Here we exhaustively review the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nano-sized materials to modulate the aberrant immune response that characterizes some physio-pathological muscle conditions, such as MDs or sarcopenia (the age-dependent loss of muscle mass). Based on our learnings from cancer and immune tolerance induction, we also discuss further opportunities, challenges, and limitations of the emerging field of nano-immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Millozzi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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34
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Rui Y, Eppler HB, Yanes AA, Jewell CM. Tissue-Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies to Promote Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202238. [PMID: 36417578 PMCID: PMC9992113 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During autoimmunity or organ transplant rejection, the immune system attacks host or transplanted tissue, causing debilitating inflammation for millions of patients. There is no cure for most of these diseases. Further, available therapies modulate inflammation through nonspecific pathways, reducing symptoms but also compromising patients' ability to mount healthy immune responses. Recent preclinical advances to regulate immune dysfunction with vaccine-like antigen specificity reveal exciting opportunities to address the root cause of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Several of these therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials, underscoring the promise of antigen-specific tolerance. Achieving antigen-specific tolerance requires precision and often combinatorial delivery of antigen, cytokines, small molecule drugs, and other immunomodulators. This can be facilitated by biomaterial technologies, which can be engineered to orient and display immunological cues, protect against degradation, and selectively deliver signals to specific tissues or cell populations. In this review, some key immune cell populations involved in autoimmunity and healthy immune tolerance are described. Opportunities for drug delivery to immunological organs are discussed, where specialized tissue-resident immune cells can be programmed to respond in unique ways toward antigens. Finally, cell- and biomaterial-based therapies to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance that are currently undergoing clinical trials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Haleigh B. Eppler
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Training Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexis A. Yanes
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Training Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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35
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Famta P, Shah S, Jain N, Srinivasarao DA, Murthy A, Ahmed T, Vambhurkar G, Shahrukh S, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Albumin-hitchhiking: Fostering the pharmacokinetics and anticancer therapeutics. J Control Release 2023; 353:166-185. [PMID: 36423870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics demonstrate poor accumulation in the tumor microenvironment due to poor extravasation and penetration into the tumor. Therapeutics such as oligonucleotides, peptides and other biologicals suffer from low systemic half-life and rapid degradation. Albumin-hitchhiking has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance tumor-specific accumulation of various therapeutics. Hitchhiking on serum albumin (SA) have shown to improve biological half-life of various therapeutics including nanocarriers (NCs), biologics, oligonucleotides, vaccines, etc. In addition, passive and active accumulation of SA-riding therapeutics in the tumor, site-specific drug release, and SA-mediated endosomal escape have improved the potential of various anticancer modalities such as chemo-, immune-, vaccine, and gene therapies. In this review, we have discussed the advantages of employing SA-hitchhiking in anticancer therapies. In addition, vaccine strategies employing inherent lymph-nodes accumulating property of albumin have been discussed. We have presented a clinical overview of SA-hitchhiked formulations along with possible bottlenecks for improved clinical outcomes. We have also discussed the role of physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modelling for efficient characterization of anti-cancer nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Naitik Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Bioequivalence, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Global Clinical Management Group, IPDO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tausif Ahmed
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Bioequivalence, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Global Clinical Management Group, IPDO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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36
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Cho KJ, Cho YE, Kim J. Locoregional Lymphatic Delivery Systems Using Nanoparticles and Hydrogels for Anticancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2752. [PMID: 36559246 PMCID: PMC9788085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system has gained significant interest as a target tissue to control cancer progress, which highlights its central role in adaptive immune response. Numerous mechanistic studies have revealed the benefits of nano-sized materials in the transport of various cargos to lymph nodes, overcoming barriers associated with lymphatic physiology. The potential of sustained drug delivery systems in improving the therapeutic index of various immune modulating agents is also being actively discussed. Herein, we aim to discuss design rationales and principles of locoregional lymphatic drug delivery systems for invigorating adaptive immune response for efficient antitumor immunotherapy and provide examples of various advanced nanoparticle- and hydrogel-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Jin Cho
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
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37
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Nanoadjuvants Actively targeting lymph node conduits and blocking tumor invasion in lymphatic vessels. J Control Release 2022; 352:497-506. [PMID: 36341931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to manipulate nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 10-100 nm to passively target lymph nodes (LNs) to magnitude anti-tumor activity of T cells. However, no attention has been paid to increasing the retention of NPs with active affinity in order to induce a prolonged release of antigens or molecular adjuvants in the LNs mattering the immune response. Here, we formulated two NPs encapsulated with imiquimod (IMQ), a TLR7/8 agonist, and paclitaxel (PTX) and further modified them with tannic acid (TA), respectively, to generate IMQ NP and PTX NP with a final diameter of approximately 40 nm. Attributing a strong affinity of TA molecules to the elastin of LN conduits, the TA modified IMQ NPs can bypass the gaps in the layer of lymphatic endothelial cells and enter the paracortex through the lymph node capsule-associated (LNC) conduits. Similarly, the TA modified PTX NPs increased delivery of PTX to the metastatic tumor site in LNs, where the tumor-associated antigens were released and presented by conduits-lining dendritic cells to activate T cells. Thus, the NPs with deposition to LN conduits showed excellent performance in preventing lymphovascular invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells and lung metastasis thereafter. On the contrary, the NPs without TA flowed through the subcutaneous sinus existing LNs directly by efferent lymphatic vessels showing relatively poor therapeutic outcomes. This study reveals that TA may mediate the long retention of antigens and molecular adjuvants to be delivered to deep LNs for developing potent vaccination technology.
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38
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Yu M, Yang W, Yue W, Chen Y. Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy: Nanoformulation Engineering and Clinical Translation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204335. [PMID: 36257824 PMCID: PMC9762307 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth of advanced nanoengineering strategies, there are great implications for therapeutic immunostimulators formulated in nanomaterials to combat cancer. It is crucial to direct immunostimulators to the right tissue and specific immune cells at the right time, thereby orchestrating the desired, potent, and durable immune response against cancer. The flexibility of nanoformulations in size, topology, softness, and multifunctionality allows precise regulation of nano-immunological activities for enhanced therapeutic effect. To grasp the modulation of immune response, research efforts are needed to understand the interactions of immune cells at lymph organs and tumor tissues, where the nanoformulations guide the immunostimulators to function on tissue specific subsets of immune cells. In this review, recent advanced nanoformulations targeting specific subset of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells are summarized and discussed, and clinical development of nano-paradigms for targeted cancer immunotherapy is highlighted. Here the focus is on the targeting nanoformulations that can passively or actively target certain immune cells by overcoming the physiobiological barriers, instead of directly injecting into tissues. The opportunities and remaining obstacles for the clinical translation of immune cell targeting nanoformulations in cancer therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Yu
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of UrologyXinhua HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong University1665 Kongjiang RoadShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Yue
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and TreatmentDepartment of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's HospitalUltrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University Cancer CenterTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
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39
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Mamuti M, Chen W, Jiang X. Nanotechnology‐Assisted Immunoengineering for Cancer Vaccines. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhetaerjiang Mamuti
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing China
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40
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Azharuddin M, Zhu GH, Sengupta A, Hinkula J, Slater NKH, Patra HK. Nano toolbox in immune modulation and nanovaccines. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1195-1212. [PMID: 35450779 PMCID: PMC10439010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and often fails to elicit a protective immune response, and sometimes poses unexpected safety risks. The expanding nano toolbox may overcome some of the roadblocks in vaccine development given the plethora of unique nanoparticle (NP)-based platforms that can successfully induce specific immune responses leading to exciting and novel solutions. Nanovaccines necessitate a thorough understanding of the immunostimulatory effect of these nanotools. We present a comprehensive description of strategies in which nanotools have been used to elicit an immune response and provide a perspective on how nanotechnology can lead to future personalized nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Geyunjian Harry Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anirban Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK.
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41
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Cell-penetrating peptides enhance peptide vaccine accumulation and persistence in lymph nodes to drive immunogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204078119. [PMID: 35914154 PMCID: PMC9371699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204078119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based cancer vaccines are widely investigated in the clinic but exhibit modest immunogenicity. One approach that has been explored to enhance peptide vaccine potency is covalent conjugation of antigens with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), linear cationic and amphiphilic peptide sequences designed to promote intracellular delivery of associated cargos. Antigen-CPPs have been reported to exhibit enhanced immunogenicity compared to free peptides, but their mechanisms of action in vivo are poorly understood. We tested eight previously described CPPs conjugated to antigens from multiple syngeneic murine tumor models and found that linkage to CPPs enhanced peptide vaccine potency in vivo by as much as 25-fold. Linkage of antigens to CPPs did not impact dendritic cell activation but did promote uptake of linked antigens by dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, T cell priming in vivo required Batf3-dependent dendritic cells, suggesting that antigens delivered by CPP peptides were predominantly presented via the process of cross-presentation and not through CPP-mediated cytosolic delivery of peptide to the classical MHC class I antigen processing pathway. Unexpectedly, we observed that many CPPs significantly enhanced antigen accumulation in draining lymph nodes. This effect was associated with the ability of CPPs to bind to lymph-trafficking lipoproteins and protection of CPP-antigens from proteolytic degradation in serum. These two effects resulted in prolonged presentation of CPP-peptides in draining lymph nodes, leading to robust T cell priming and expansion. Thus, CPPs can act through multiple unappreciated mechanisms to enhance T cell priming that can be exploited for cancer vaccines with enhanced potency.
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42
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Li Q, Teng Z, Tao J, Shi W, Yang G, Zhang Y, Su X, Chen L, Xiu W, Yuwen L, Dong H, Mou Y. Elastic Nanovaccine Enhances Dendritic Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201108. [PMID: 35734820 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccine-based immunotherapy (NBI) has the ability to initiate dendritic cell (DC)-mediated tumor-specific immune responses and maintain long-term antitumor immune memory. To date, the mechanism by which the mechanical properties of nanoparticles alter the functions of DCs in NBI remains largely unclear. Here, a soft mesoporous organosilica-based nanovaccine (SMONV) is prepared and the elasticity-dependent effect of the nanovaccine on the underlying DC-mediated immune responses is studied. It is found that the elasticity results in greater internalization of SMONV by DCs, followed by the induction of substantial cytosolic delivery of antigens via endosomal escape, leading to effective DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation. Impressively, elasticity enables SMONV to enhance lymphatic drainage of antigens in vivo, thus stimulating robust humoral and cellular immunity. The results from therapeutic tumor vaccination further reveal that subcutaneously administered SMONV effectively suppresses tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice by evoking antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses, mitigating regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression, and increasing central memory and effector memory T-cell populations. Furthermore, combinatorial immunization with SMONV and anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies results in an amplified therapeutic effect on tumor-bearing mice. These findings reveal the elastic effect of the nanovaccine on DC-mediated immune responses, and the prepared SMONV represents a facile and powerful strategy for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Xiu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
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Kiaie SH, Majidi Zolbanin N, Ahmadi A, Bagherifar R, Valizadeh H, Kashanchi F, Jafari R. Recent advances in mRNA-LNP therapeutics: immunological and pharmacological aspects. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:276. [PMID: 35701851 PMCID: PMC9194786 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics by lipid nanoparticles (LNP) leads to facilitate clinical trial recruitment, which improves the efficacy of treatment modality to a large extent. Although mRNA-LNP vaccine platforms for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated high efficiency, safety and adverse effects challenges due to the uncontrolled immune responses and inappropriate pharmacological interventions could limit this tremendous efficacy. The current study reveals the interplay of immune responses with LNP compositions and characterization and clarifies the interaction of mRNA-LNP therapeutics with dendritic, macrophages, neutrophile cells, and complement. Then, pharmacological profiles for mRNA-LNP delivery, including pharmacokinetics and cellular trafficking, were discussed in detail in cancer types and infectious diseases. This review study opens a new and vital landscape to improve multidisciplinary therapeutics on mRNA-LNP through modulation of immunopharmacological responses in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Department of Formulation Development, ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Discovery Hall Room 182, 10900 University Blvd, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Xu L, Zhang Q, Lu L, Shi Y, Liu L, Shen J, Chen Y. Unimolecular Nano-contrast Agent with Ultrahigh Relaxivity and Very Long Retention for Magnetic Resonance Lymphography. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4090-4096. [PMID: 35549497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is very important for noninvasive lymphography. However, the present MR contrast agents still cannot supply strong enough tissue contrast and long observation window. To improve the performance of contrast agents, we introduce one-dimensional unimolecular nanoparticles with a confined and compact poly(acrylic acid) core as nanoparticulate chelates of gadolinium ions. Thus, obtained nanoparticulate T1 contrast agents give r1 relaxivity as high as 136.3 mM-1·s-1 under 3.0 T. By injection at the footpad of mice, the contrast agents provide excellent contrast enhancement of lymphatic drainage and they may arrive at popliteal lymph nodes within 30 min and reside for more than 80 h. High performance of the present contrast agent is attributed to the confined and compact core of materials that increase hydration number, intershell water diffusion, and decrease rotational motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ruan S, Huang Y, He M, Gao H. Advanced Biomaterials for Cell-Specific Modulation and Restore of Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200027. [PMID: 35343112 PMCID: PMC9165523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the explosive development of cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, low immunogenicity, limited specificity, poor delivery efficiency, and off-target side effects remain to be the major limitations for broad implementation of cancer immunotherapies to patient bedside. Encouragingly, advanced biomaterials offering cell-specific modulation of immunological cues bring new solutions for improving the therapeutic efficacy while relieving side effect risks. In this review, focus is given on how functional biomaterials can enable cell-specific modulation of cancer immunotherapy within the cancer-immune cycle, with particular emphasis on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME)-resident cells. By reviewing the current progress in biomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy, here the aim is to provide a better understanding of biomaterials' role in targeting modulation of antitumor immunity step-by-step and guidelines for rationally developing targeting biomaterials for more personalized cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the current challenge and future perspective regarding the potential application and clinical translation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ruan
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Mei He
- College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32610USA
| | - Huile Gao
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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46
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Dong C, Wang BZ. Engineered Nanoparticulate Vaccines to Combat Recurring and Pandemic Influenza Threats. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100122. [PMID: 35754779 PMCID: PMC9231845 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reoccurring seasonal flu epidemics and occasional pandemics are among the most severe threats to public health. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide limited protection against drifted circulating strains and no protection against influenza pandemics. Next-generation influenza vaccines, designated as universal influenza vaccines, should be safe, affordable, and elicit long-lasting cross-protective influenza immunity. Nanotechnology plays a critical role in the development of such novel vaccines. Engineered nanoparticles can incorporate multiple advantageous properties into the same nanoparticulate platforms to improve vaccine potency and breadth. These immunological properties include virus-like biomimicry, high antigen-load, controlled antigen release, targeted delivery, and induction of innate signaling pathways. Many nanoparticle influenza vaccines have shown promising results in generating potent and broadly protective immune responses. This review will summarize the necessity and characteristics of next-generation influenza vaccines and the immunological correlates of broad influenza immunity and focus on how cutting-edge nanoparticle technology contributes to such vaccine development. The review will give new insights into the rational design of nanoparticle universal vaccines to combat influenza epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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Guan YH, Wang N, Deng ZW, Chen XG, Liu Y. Exploiting autophagy-regulative nanomaterials for activation of dendritic cells enables reinforced cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alhagi honey polysaccharides encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticle-based pickering emulsion as a novel adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:130-140. [PMID: 35032492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alhagi honey polysaccharides, extracted from a perennial plant Alhagi pseudalhagi syn, possessed many biological activities such as immune enhancement, anti-tumor effect, and antioxygenation. In this study, we used Alhagi honey polysaccharide encapsulated (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to prepare an assembled particles-oil pickering emulsion: PPAS and PEI-PPAS. We investigated the characterization of two pickering emulsions, and the possible mechanism to enhance immune responses. The results showed that PPAS and PEI-PPAS both could load high adsorption of OVA and had ability to sustained controlled release OVA. In vivo experiment, PEI-PPAS/OVA enhanced the levels of IgG and cytokines. Meanwhile, it could effectively target dendritic cells (DCs), promoted the cellular uptake of OVA then activated DCs in lymph nodes. And this effect of PEI-PPAS might be induced through the MHC II and MHC I pathway in DCs. Thus, these findings demonstrated that PEI-PPAS could induce a strong and long-term cellular and humoral immune response, and have potential to applied to vaccine adjuvant delivery system.
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Roth GA, Picece VCTM, Ou BS, Luo W, Pulendran B, Appel EA. Designing spatial and temporal control of vaccine responses. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:174-195. [PMID: 34603749 PMCID: PMC8477997 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases. However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a challenge. As our knowledge of the immune system deepens, it becomes clear that vaccine components must be in the right place at the right time to orchestrate a potent and durable response. Material platforms, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels and microneedles, can be engineered to spatially and temporally control the interactions of vaccine components with immune cells. Materials-based vaccination strategies can augment the immune response by improving innate immune cell activation, creating local inflammatory niches, targeting lymph node delivery and controlling the time frame of vaccine delivery, with the goal of inducing enhanced memory immunity to protect against future infections. In this Review, we highlight the biological mechanisms underlying strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and explore materials design strategies to manipulate and control these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie A. Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Vittoria C. T. M. Picece
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ben S. Ou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation & Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Paediatrics — Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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50
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Ding Y, Li Z, Jaklenec A, Hu Q. Vaccine delivery systems toward lymph nodes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113914. [PMID: 34363861 PMCID: PMC9418125 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies of improving vaccine targeting ability toward lymph nodes have been attracting considerable interest in recent years, though there are remaining delivery barriers based on the inherent properties of lymphatic systems and limited administration routes of vaccination. Recently, emerging vaccine delivery systems using various materials as carriers are widely developed to achieve efficient lymph node targeting and improve vaccine-triggered adaptive immune response. In this review, to further optimize the vaccine targeting ability for future research, the design principles of lymph node targeting vaccine delivery based on the anatomy of lymph nodes and vaccine administration routes are first summarized. Then different designs of lymph node targeting vaccine delivery systems, including vaccine delivery systems in clinical applications, are carefully surveyed. Also, the challenges and opportunities of current delivery systems for vaccines are concluded in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Ding
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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