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Ma J, Bruce TJ, Oliver LP, Cain KD. Co-infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1065-1076. [PMID: 31074078 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-infection of rainbow trout with infections haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum is known to occur, and it has been speculated that a combined infection can result in dramatic losses. Both pathogens can persist in fish in an asymptomatic carrier state, but the impact of co-infection has not been well characterized or documented. In this study, it was hypothesized that fish co-infected with F. psychrophilum and IHNV would exhibit greater mortality than fish infected with either pathogen alone. To test this, juvenile rainbow trout were co-infected with low doses of either IHNV or F. psychrophilum, and at 2 days post-initial challenge, they were given a low dose of the reciprocal pathogen. This combined infection caused high mortality (76.2%-100%), while mortality from a single pathogen infection with the same respective dose was low (5%-20%). The onset of mortality was earlier in the co-infected group (3-4 days) when compared with fish infected with F. psychrophilum alone (6 days) or IHNV (5 days), confirming the synergistic interaction between both pathogens. Co-infection led to a significant increase in the number of F. psychrophilum colony-forming units and IHNV plaque-forming units within tissues. This finding confirms that when present together in co-infected fish, both pathogens are more efficiently recovered from tissues. Furthermore, pathogen genes were significantly increased in co-infected groups, which parallel the findings of increased systemic pathogen load. Extensive tissue necrosis and abundant pathogen present intracellularly and extracellularly in haematopoietic tissue. This was pronounced in co-infected fish and likely contributed to the exacerbated clinical signs and higher mortality. This study provides novel insight into host-pathogen interactions related to co-infection by aquatic bacterial and viral pathogens and supports our hypothesis. Such findings confirm that mortality in fish exposed to both pathogens is greatly elevated compared to a single pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Luke P Oliver
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
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2
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Chen J, Toh X, Ong J, Wang Y, Teo XH, Lee B, Wong PS, Khor D, Chong SM, Chee D, Wee A, Wang Y, Ng MK, Tan BH, Huangfu T. Detection and characterization of a novel marine birnavirus isolated from Asian seabass in Singapore. Virol J 2019; 16:71. [PMID: 31138237 PMCID: PMC6537170 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lates calcarifer, known as seabass in Asia and barramundi in Australia, is a widely farmed species internationally and in Southeast Asia and any disease outbreak will have a great economic impact on the aquaculture industry. Through disease investigation of Asian seabass from a coastal fish farm in 2015 in Singapore, a novel birnavirus named Lates calcarifer Birnavirus (LCBV) was detected and we sought to isolate and characterize the virus through molecular and biochemical methods. Methods In order to propagate the novel birnavirus LCBV, the virus was inoculated into the Bluegill Fry (BF-2) cell line and similar clinical signs of disease were reproduced in an experimental fish challenge study using the virus isolate. Virus morphology was visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biochemical analysis using chloroform and 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUDR) sensitivity assays were employed to characterize the virus. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was also used to obtain the virus genome for genetic and phylogenetic analyses. Results The LCBV-infected BF-2 cell line showed cytopathic effects such as rounding and granulation of cells, localized cell death and detachment of cells observed at 3 to 5 days’ post-infection. The propagated virus, when injected intra-peritoneally into naïve Asian seabass under experimental conditions, induced lesions similar to fish naturally infected with LCBV. Morphology of LCBV, visualized under TEM, revealed icosahedral particles around 50 nm in diameter. Chloroform and BUDR sensitivity assays confirmed the virus to be a non-enveloped RNA virus. Further genome analysis using NGS identified the virus to be a birnavirus with two genome segments. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LCBV is more closely related to the Blosnavirus genus than to the Aquabirnavirus genus within the Birnaviridae family. Conclusions These findings revealed the presence of a novel birnavirus that could be linked to the disease observed in the Asian seabass from the coastal fish farms in Singapore. This calls for more studies on disease transmission and enhanced surveillance programs to be carried out to understand pathogenicity and epidemiology of this novel virus. The gene sequences data obtained from the study can also pave way to the development of PCR-based diagnostic test methods that will enable quick and specific identification of the virus in future disease investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Toh
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Ong
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Yahui Wang
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Xuan-Hui Teo
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Pui-San Wong
- DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Denyse Khor
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Shin-Min Chong
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Diana Chee
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Alvin Wee
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Mee-Keun Ng
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huan Tan
- DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Taoqi Huangfu
- Centre for Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board (NParks), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore.
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Nam GH, Mishra A, Gim JA, Lee HE, Jo A, Yoon D, Kim A, Kim WJ, Ahn K, Kim DH, Kim S, Cha HJ, Choi YH, Park CI, Kim HS. Gene expression profiles alteration after infection of virus, bacteria, and parasite in the Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Sci Rep 2018; 8:18065. [PMID: 30584247 PMCID: PMC6305387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of economically valuable fish species in the East Asia. In comparison with its economic importance, available genomic information of the olive flounder is very limited. The mass mortality caused by variety of pathogens (virus, bacteria and parasites) is main problem in aquaculture industry, including in olive flounder culture. In this study, we carried out transcriptome analysis using the olive flounder gill tissues after infection of three types of pathogens (Virus; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Bacteria; Streptococcus parauberis, and Parasite; Miamiensis avidus), respectively. As a result, we identified total 12,415 differentially expressed genes (DEG) from viral infection, 1,754 from bacterial infection, and 795 from parasite infection, respectively. To investigate the effects of pathogenic infection on immune response, we analyzed Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis with DEGs and sorted immune-related GO terms per three pathogen groups. Especially, we verified various GO terms, and genes in these terms showed down-regulated expression pattern. In addition, we identified 67 common genes (10 up-regulated and 57 down-regulated) present in three pathogen infection groups. Our goals are to provide plenty of genomic knowledge about olive flounder transcripts for further research and report genes, which were changed in their expression after specific pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Hwi Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development (CCADD), Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kung Ahn
- Theragen ETEX Bio Institute, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47227, Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, 53064, Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Moore MD, Jaykus LA. Virus-Bacteria Interactions: Implications and Potential for the Applied and Agricultural Sciences. Viruses 2018; 10:E61. [PMID: 29393885 PMCID: PMC5850368 DOI: 10.3390/v10020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic virus-bacteria interactions have recently become an emerging topic of study due to multiple significant examples related to human pathogens of clinical interest. However, such omnipresent and likely important interactions for viruses and bacteria relevant to the applied and agricultural sciences have not been reviewed or compiled. The fundamental basis of this review is that these interactions have importance and deserve more investigation, as numerous potential consequences and applications arising from their discovery are relevant to the applied sciences. The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize eukaryotic virus-bacteria findings in the food/water, horticultural, and animal sciences. In many cases in the agricultural sciences, mechanistic understandings of the effects of virus-bacteria interactions remain unstudied, and many studies solely focus on co-infections of bacterial and viral pathogens. Given recent findings relative to human viral pathogens, further research related to virus-bacteria interactions would likely result in numerous discoveries and beneficial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Bols NC, Pham PH, Dayeh VR, Lee LEJ. Invitromatics, invitrome, and invitroomics: introduction of three new terms for in vitro biology and illustration of their use with the cell lines from rainbow trout. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:383-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ji F, Zhao JZ, Liu M, Lu TY, Liu HB, Yin J, Xu LM. Complete genomic sequence of an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in China. Virus Genes 2016; 53:215-225. [PMID: 27858313 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a significant disease of farmed salmonids resulting in direct economic losses due to high mortality in China. However, no gene sequence of any Chinese infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolates was available. In the study, moribund rainbow trout fry samples were collected during an outbreak of IPN in Yunnan province of southwest China in 2013. An IPNV was isolated and tentatively named ChRtm213. We determined the full genome sequence of the IPNV ChRtm213 and compared it with previously identified IPNV sequences worldwide. The sequences of different structural and non-structural protein genes were compared to those of other aquatic birnaviruses sequenced to date. The results indicated that the complete genome sequence of ChRtm213 strain contains a segment A (3099 nucleotides) coding a polyprotein VP2-VP4-VP3, and a segment B (2789 nucleotides) coding a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase VP1. The phylogenetic analyses showed that ChRtm213 strain fell within genogroup 1, serotype A9 (Jasper), having similarities of 96.3% (segment A) and 97.3% (segment B) with the IPNV strain AM98 from Japan. The results suggest that the Chinese IPNV isolate has relative closer relationship with Japanese IPNV strains. The sequence of ChRtm213 was the first gene sequence of IPNV isolates in China. This study provided a robust reference for diagnosis and/or control of IPNV prevalent in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ji
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Zhuang Zhao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Yan Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Bai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiasheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.
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7
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Kotob MH, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Abdelzaher M, El-Matbouli M. The impact of co-infections on fish: a review. Vet Res 2016; 47:98. [PMID: 27716438 PMCID: PMC5050641 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Co-infections have a fundamental effect and can alter the course and the severity of different fish diseases. However, co-infection effect has still received limited scrutiny in aquatic animals like fish and available data on this subject is still scarce. The susceptibility of fish to different pathogens could be changed during mixed infections causing the appearance of sudden fish outbreaks. In this review, we focus on the synergistic and antagonistic interactions occurring during co-infections by homologous or heterologous pathogens. We present a concise summary about the present knowledge regarding co-infections in fish. More research is needed to better understand the immune response of fish during mixed infections as these could have an important impact on the development of new strategies for disease control programs and vaccination in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Kotob
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdelzaher
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Kim WS, Oh MJ. Genetic positioning of aquabirnavirus isolates from cultured Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in Korea. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 109:9-14. [PMID: 24781792 DOI: 10.3354/dao02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquabirnavirus is an epizootic virus in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica farms in Korea, although its origin is unclear. In the present study, nucleotide sequences of the VP2/NS junction region of 9 Korean aquabirnaviruses from cultured eel in various areas of Korea during 2000-2009 were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatedness to worldwide isolates. The nucleotide sequences showed more than 94.2% identity among the 9 Korean eel isolates, 71.2% identity among 16 Korean isolates from freshwater and marine fish, and 71.1% identity among 25 worldwide isolates. All 9 isolates in this study were phylogenetically classified into genogroup II, including isolates from Denmark, Spain, Taiwan and Japan, and were discrete from salmonid and marine fish isolates (genogroup I and VII) in Korea. These results suggest that the Korean eel isolates have most likely been introduced from outside the country and not from coastal areas of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi-Sik Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea
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9
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A survey of fish viruses isolated from wild marine fishes from the coastal waters of southern Korea. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:750-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713504755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted to investigate viral infection in 253 wild marine fishes harvested in the southern coastal area of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The fish that were captured by local anglers were randomly bought and sampled for virus examination. The samples were tested for presence of virus by virus isolation with FHM, FSP, and BF-2 cells and molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction and sequencing). Of the 253 fish sampled, 9 fish were infected with virus. Aquabirnaviruses (ABVs), Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) were detected in 7, 1, and 1 fish, respectively. Molecular phylogenies demonstrated the detected viruses (ABV, VHSV, and RSIV) were more closely related to viruses reported of the same type from Korea and Japan than from other countries, suggesting these viruses may be indigenous to Korean and Japanese coastal waters.
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10
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Suebsing R, Oh MJ, Kim JH. Evaluation of rapid and sensitive reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detecting Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:704-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711407897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was developed for detecting Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta) in Korea. The RT-LAMP is a novel approach of nucleic acid gene amplification with high specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity under isothermal conditions. Based on the VP2/NS gene sequence of VR-299 and Jasper strains, a set of 6 IPNV-specific primers was designed to recognize 8 diverse sequences of the IPNV RNA. The assay was successfully optimized to detect IPNV at 65°C in 30 min. The detection limit was 0.075 tissue culture infectious dose infecting 50% of inoculated cultures per milliliter (TCID50/ml) from IPNV-infected rainbow trout gonad (RTG)-2 cells, whereas nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) had a sensitivity of 7.5 TCID50/ml. Using RT-LAMP assay, field samples were analyzed and the results compared with those of nRT-PCR assay. Two hundred and sixty-six out of 659 (40.4%) samples were IPNV-positive by RT-LAMP, whereas 182 of 659 samples (27.6%) were IPNV-positive by nRT-PCR. The results indicate that RT-LAMP can be a useful tool for early field diagnosis of IPNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungkarn Suebsing
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience & Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (Suebsing, Kim)
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (Oh)
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience & Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (Suebsing, Kim)
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (Oh)
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience & Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea (Suebsing, Kim)
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea (Oh)
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11
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Kurath G, Winton J. Complex dynamics at the interface between wild and domestic viruses of finfish. Curr Opin Virol 2011; 1:73-80. [PMID: 22440571 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral traffic occurs readily between wild and domesticated stocks of finfish because aquatic environments have greater connectivity than their terrestrial counterparts and because the global expansion and dynamic nature of intensive aquaculture provide multiple pathways of transmission and unique drivers of virus adaptation. Supported by examples from the literature, we provide reasons why viruses move from wild fish reservoirs to infect domestic fish in aquaculture more readily than 'domestic' viruses move across the interface to infect wild stocks. We also hypothesize that 'wild' viruses moving across the interface to domestic populations of finfish are more frequently associated with disease outbreaks and host switches compared to domestic viruses that cross the interface to infect wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Kurath
- USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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12
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Shin SP, Gomez DK, Kim JH, Choresca CH, Han JE, Jun JW, Park SC. Detection and Genetic Analysis of Aquabirnaviruses in Subclinically Infected Aquarium Fish. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:325-9. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquabirnaviruses (ABVs) cause serious diseases in a variety of fish species used worldwide in aquaculture and have been isolated from a variety of healthy fish and shellfish species. The type species of ABV is Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), which is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease in juvenile salmonid fish. Marine birnaviruses (MABVs) have been isolated from various marine fish and shellfish. In Korea, ABV infection has been identified in several fish and shellfish. The current study presents sequence data from nested polymerase chain reaction products of 3 ABV strains obtained from different species of asymptomatic aquarium fish collected from a private commercial aquarium in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of these strains, based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2/NS junction, placed them within the genogroup VII (95–99% bootstrap confidence), which also contains MABV. The subclinically infected fish may be a source of MABV infection for other susceptible fish species inside the aquarium and potentially represent a serious challenge for the management of MABV infections. Additionally, the presence of MABV in these subclinically infected aquarium fish imported from other countries indicates that there is a need for the establishment of appropriate quarantine practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Phil Shin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dennis Kaw Gomez
- Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Republic of the Philippines
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Casiano Hermorpia Choresca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Inaba M, Suzuki S, Kitamura SI, Kumazawa N, Kodama H. Distribution of marine birnavirus (MABV) in marine organisms from Okinawa, Japan, and a unique sequence variation of the VP2/NS region. J Microbiol 2009; 47:76-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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