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Bar J, Leibowitz R, Reinmuth N, Ammendola A, Jacob E, Moskovitz M, Levy-Barda A, Lotem M, Katsenelson R, Agbarya A, Abu-Amna M, Gottfried M, Harkovsky T, Wolf I, Tepper E, Loewenthal G, Yellin B, Brody Y, Dahan N, Yanko M, Lahav C, Harel M, Raveh Shoval S, Elon Y, Sela I, Dicker AP, Shaked Y. Biological insights from plasma proteomics of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364473. [PMID: 38487531 PMCID: PMC10937428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made a paradigm shift in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, clinical response varies widely and robust predictive biomarkers for patient stratification are lacking. Here, we characterize early on-treatment proteomic changes in blood plasma to gain a better understanding of treatment response and resistance. Methods Pre-treatment (T0) and on-treatment (T1) plasma samples were collected from 225 NSCLC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens. Plasma was profiled using aptamer-based technology to quantify approximately 7000 plasma proteins per sample. Proteins displaying significant fold changes (T1:T0) were analyzed further to identify associations with clinical outcomes using clinical benefit and overall survival as endpoints. Bioinformatic analyses of upregulated proteins were performed to determine potential cell origins and enriched biological processes. Results The levels of 142 proteins were significantly increased in the plasma of NSCLC patients following ICI-based treatments. Soluble PD-1 exhibited the highest increase, with a positive correlation to tumor PD-L1 status, and, in the ICI monotherapy dataset, an association with improved overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis of the ICI monotherapy dataset revealed a set of 30 upregulated proteins that formed a single, highly interconnected network, including CD8A connected to ten other proteins, suggestive of T cell activation during ICI treatment. Notably, the T cell-related network was detected regardless of clinical benefit. Lastly, circulating proteins of alveolar origin were identified as potential biomarkers of limited clinical benefit, possibly due to a link with cellular stress and lung damage. Conclusions Our study provides insights into the biological processes activated during ICI-based therapy, highlighting the potential of plasma proteomics to identify mechanisms of therapy resistance and biomarkers for outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Bar
- Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raya Leibowitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shamir Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich-Gauting, Germany
- Biobank of lung disease, Asklepios Klinik Gauting GmbH, Gauting, Germany
| | - Astrid Ammendola
- Biobank of lung disease, Asklepios Klinik Gauting GmbH, Gauting, Germany
| | | | - Mor Moskovitz
- Thoracic oncology service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Adva Levy-Barda
- Biobank, Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Lotem
- Center for Melanoma and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Abed Agbarya
- Institute of Oncology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Abu-Amna
- Oncology & Hematology Division, Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Maya Gottfried
- Department of Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Tatiana Harkovsky
- Barzilai Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Ido Wolf
- Division of Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella Tepper
- Department of Oncology, Assuta Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam P. Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles Exert No Cancer Promoting Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169323. [PMID: 36012587 PMCID: PMC9409112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical consequences of allogeneic blood transfusions and the possible pathomechanisms of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality are still not entirely understood. In retrospective studies, allogeneic transfusion was associated with increased rates of cancer recurrence, metastasis and death in patients with colorectal cancer. However, correlation does not imply causation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate this empirical observation further in order to address insecurity among patients and clinicians. We focused on the in vitro effect of microparticles derived from red blood cell units (RMPs). We incubated different colon carcinoma cells with RMPs and analyzed their effects on growth, invasion, migration and tumor marker expression. Furthermore, effects on Wnt, Akt and ERK signaling were explored. Our results show RMPs do not seem to affect functional and phenotypic characteristics of different colon carcinoma cells and did not induce or inhibit Wnt, Akt or ERK signaling, albeit in cell culture models lacking tumor microenvironment. Allogeneic blood transfusions are associated with poor prognosis, but RMPs do not seem to convey tumor-enhancing effects. Most likely, the circumstances that necessitate the transfusion, such as preoperative anemia, tumor stage, perioperative blood loss and extension of surgery, take center stage.
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Lin HJ, Liu Y, Lofland D, Lin J. Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment and Molecular Aberrations Hijack Tumoricidal Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020285. [PMID: 35053449 PMCID: PMC8774102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune therapy is designed to stimulate tumoricidal effects in a variety of solid tumors including breast carcinomas. However, the emergence of resistant clones leads to treatment failure. Understanding the molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental aberrations is crucial to uncovering underlying mechanisms and developing advanced strategies for preventing or combating these resistant malignancies. This review will summarize research findings revealing various mechanisms employed to hijack innate and adaptive immune surveillance mechanisms, develop hypoxic and tumor promoting metabolism, and foster an immune tolerance microenvironment. In addition, it will highlight potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females in western countries, where women have an overall lifetime risk of >10% for developing invasive breast carcinomas. It is not a single disease but is composed of distinct subtypes associated with different clinical outcomes and is highly heterogeneous in both the molecular and clinical aspects. Although tumor initiation is largely driven by acquired genetic alterations, recent data suggest microenvironment-mediated immune evasion may play an important role in neoplastic progression. Beyond surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, additional therapeutic options include hormonal deactivation, targeted-signaling pathway treatment, DNA repair inhibition, and aberrant epigenetic reversion. Yet, the fatality rate of metastatic breast cancer remains unacceptably high, largely due to treatment resistance and metastases to brain, lung, or bone marrow where tumor bed penetration of therapeutic agents is limited. Recent studies indicate the development of immune-oncological therapy could potentially eradicate this devastating malignancy. Evidence suggests tumors express immunogenic neoantigens but the immunity towards these antigens is frequently muted. Established tumors exhibit immunological tolerance. This tolerance reflects a process of immune suppression elicited by the tumor, and it represents a critical obstacle towards successful antitumor immunotherapy. In general, immune evasive mechanisms adapted by breast cancer encompasses down-regulation of antigen presentations or recognition, lack of immune effector cells, obstruction of anti-tumor immune cell maturation, accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, production of inhibitory cytokines, chemokines or ligands/receptors, and up-regulation of immune checkpoint modulators. Together with altered metabolism and hypoxic conditions, they constitute a permissive tumor microenvironment. This article intends to discern representative incidents and to provide potential innovative therapeutic regimens to reinstate tumoricidal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Willard Hall Education Building, 16 West Main Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-7576; Fax: +1-302-831-4180
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA;
| | - Denene Lofland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tower Campus, Drexel University College of Medicine, 50 Innovation Way, Wyomissing, PA 19610, USA;
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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Evangelista FCG, Ferrão ALM, Duarte RCF, Gomes LC, Alves LCV, Campos FMF, Braga TV, Santiago MG, Araújo SSDS, Carvalho MDG, Sabino ADP. Circulating microparticles and thrombin generation in patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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5
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Zahran AM, Zahran ZAM, Rayan A. Microparticles and PD1 interplay added a prognostic impact in treatment outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17681. [PMID: 34480060 PMCID: PMC8417279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered as an incurable disease by current standards, the development of several combination therapies, and immunotherapy approaches has raised the hope towards transforming MM into an indolent, chronic disease, and possibly achieving a cure. We tried to shed light on the expression of PD1 and different Microparticles (MPs) in MM and their interplay as a mechanism of resistance to standardized treatments, in addition, find their associations with prognostic factors of symptomatic MM. Thirty patients with newly diagnosed and chemotherapy naïve active MM, along with 19 healthy participants of comparable age and sex were recruited, after diagnosis of MM; blood samples were collected from both patients and controls for flow cytometric detection of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+PD1+, and CD8+PD1+T cells, total MPs, CD138+ MPs, and platelet MPs. MM patients had statistically significant higher levels of TMPs, CD138+ MPs compared to their controls, while PMPs exhibited no significant difference between both groups. Statistically significant higher percentages of CD8+, PD1CD8+, PD1CD4+T cells were detected in patients compared to controls, while the latter group had a significantly higher percentage of CD4+T cells than MM patients, patients who did not achieve complete response, had significantly higher percentages of PMPs, CD138+MPs, PD1+CD8+, PD1+CD4+, and CD8+T cells (cutoff values = 61, 10.6, 13.5, 11.3 and 20.1 respectively), (p-values = 0.002, 0.003, 0.017, 0.001 and 0.008 respectively). Microparticles and PD1 expressions were associated with proliferative potential and resistance to Bortezomib-based treatments, our results suggested that they played a crucial role in myeloma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Masoumipour M, Abbaspanah B, Mousavi SH. Extracellular vesicles: Regenerative medicine prospect in hematological malignancies. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2031-2044. [PMID: 34293823 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) either as endocytic or plasma membrane-emerged vesicles play pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication. Due to the bioactive molecules transformation, lymphoma cell-derived vesicles can alter a recipient cell's function and contribute to signal transduction and drug resistance. These vesicles by acting not only in tumor cells but also in tumor-associated cells have important roles in tumor growth and invasion. On the other hand, the total protein level of circulating exosomes reveals the disease stage, tumor burden, response to therapy, and survival. In residual disease, leukemic blasts are undetectable in the bone marrow by conventional methods but exosomal proteins are elevated significantly. In this manner, new methods for measuring exosomes and exosomal components are required. In this review, we try to reveal the concealed role of EVs in hematological malignancies besides therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Masoumipour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Taylor C, Chacko S, Davey M, Lacroix J, MacPherson A, Finn N, Wajnberg G, Ghosh A, Crapoulet N, Lewis SM, Ouellette RJ. Peptide-Affinity Precipitation of Extracellular Vesicles and Cell-Free DNA Improves Sequencing Performance for the Detection of Pathogenic Mutations in Lung Cancer Patient Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9083. [PMID: 33260345 PMCID: PMC7730179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a minimally-invasive diagnostic method that may improve access to molecular profiling for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) isolation from plasma is the standard liquid biopsy method for detecting DNA mutations in cancer patients, the sensitivity can be highly variable. Vn96 is a peptide with an affinity for both extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating cf-DNA. In this study, we evaluated whether peptide-affinity (PA) precipitation of EVs and cf-DNA from NSCLC patient plasma improves the sensitivity of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) detection and compared observed SNVs with those reported in the matched tissue biopsy. NSCLC patient plasma was subjected to either PA precipitation or cell-free methods and total nucleic acid (TNA) was extracted; SNVs were then detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). PA led to increased recovery of DNA as well as an improvement in NGS sequencing parameters when compared to cf-TNA. Reduced concordance with tissue was observed in PA-TNA (62%) compared to cf-TNA (81%), mainly due to identification of SNVs in PA-TNA that were not observed in tissue. EGFR mutations were detected in PA-TNA with 83% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In conclusion, PA-TNA may improve the detection limits of low-abundance alleles using NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Taylor
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Michelle Davey
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Jacynthe Lacroix
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Alexander MacPherson
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Nicholas Finn
- Dr Léon-Richard Oncology Center, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada;
| | - Gabriel Wajnberg
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Nicolas Crapoulet
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Stephen M. Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rodney J. Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada; (C.T.); (S.C.); (M.D.); (J.L.); (A.M.); (G.W.); (A.G.); (N.C.); (S.M.L.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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8
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Ma J, Zhang H, Tang K, Huang B. Tumor-derived microparticles in tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1653-1662. [PMID: 32976623 PMCID: PMC7702100 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles or microparticles, a type of cytoplasm membrane-derived extracellular vesicles, can be released by cancer cells or normal cell types. Alteration of F-actin cytoskeleton by various signals may lead to the cytoplasm membrane encapsulating cellular contents to form microparticles, which contain various messenger molecules, including enzymes, RNAs and even DNA fragments, and are released to extracellular space. The release of microparticles by tumor cells (T-MPs) is a very common event in tumor microenvironments. As a result, T-MPs not only influence tumor cell biology but also profoundly forge tumor immunology. Moreover, T-MPs can act as a natural vehicle that delivers therapeutic drugs to tumor cells and immune cells, thus, remodeling tumor microenvironments and resetting antitumor immune responses, thus, conferring T-MPs a potential role in tumor immunotherapies and tumor vaccines. In this review, we focus on the double-edged sword role of T-MPs in tumor immunology, specifically in TAMs and DCs, and emphasize the application of drug-packaging T-MPs in cancer patients. We aim to provide a new angle to understand immuno-oncology and new strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.,Clinical Immunology Center, CAMS, Beijing, P. R. China
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9
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Barenholz-Cohen T, Merkher Y, Haj J, Shechter D, Kirchmeier D, Shaked Y, Weihs D. Lung mechanics modifications facilitating metastasis are mediated in part by breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2924-2933. [PMID: 32700789 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment-mechanics greatly affect tumor-cell characteristics such as invasion and proliferation. We and others have previously shown that after chemotherapy, tumor cells shed more extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to tumor growth and even spread, via angiogenesis and the mobilization of specific bone-marrow-derived cells contributing to metastasis. However, physical, mechanobiological and mechanostructural changes at premetastatic sites that may support tumor cell seeding, have yet to be determined. Here, we collected tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEV) from breast carcinoma cells exposed to paclitaxel chemotherapy, and tested their effects on tissue mechanics (eg, elasticity and stiffness) of likely metastatic organs in cancer-free mice, using shear rheometry. Cancer-free mice were injected with saline or with tEVs from untreated cells and lung tissue demonstrated widely variable, viscoelastic mechanics, being more elastic than viscous. Contrastingly, tEVs from chemotherapy-exposed cells induced more uniform, viscoelastic lung mechanics, with lower stiffness and viscosity; interestingly, livers were significantly stiffer than both controls. We observe statistically significant differences in softening of lung samples from all three groups under increasing strain-amplitudes and in their stiffening under increasing strain-frequencies; the groups reach similar values at high strain amplitudes and frequencies, indicating local changes in tissue microstructure. Evaluation of genes associated with the extracellular matrix and fibronectin protein-expression revealed potential compositional changes underlying the altered mechanics. Thus, we propose that tEVs, even without cancer cells, contribute to metastasis by changing microstructures at distant organs. This is done partially by altering the composition and mechanostructure of tissues to support tumor cell invasion and seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Barenholz-Cohen
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yulia Merkher
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jozafina Haj
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dvir Shechter
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniela Kirchmeier
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Munir H, Mazzaglia C, Shields JD. Stromal regulation of tumor-associated lymphatics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:75-89. [PMID: 32783989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have identified a growing array of roles played by lymphatics in the tumor microenvironment, from providing a route of metastasis to immune modulation. The tumor microenvironment represents an exceptionally complex, dynamic niche comprised of a diverse mixture of cancer cells and normal host cells termed the stroma. This review discusses our current understanding of stromal elements and how they regulate lymphatic growth and functional properties in the tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Munir
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ
| | - Jacqueline D Shields
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ.
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Gasparri R, Sedda G, Noberini R, Bonaldi T, Spaggiari L. Clinical Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Diagnosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900138. [PMID: 32418314 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current knowledge on proteomic biomarker analysis for the early diagnosis of lung cancer is summarized, underlining the diversity among the results and the current interest in translating research results into clinical practice. A MEDLINE/PubMed literature search to retrieve all the papers published in the last 10 years is performed. Proteomics studies on lung cancer have gathered evidence on the potential role of biomarkers in early diagnosis. Although promising, none of them have proved to be sufficiently reliable to achieve validation. Future research should evolve toward a multipanel analysis of proteins, considering the possibility that individual biomarkers might not be specific enough to diagnose lung cancer, but could be related to oncological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gasparri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Giulia Sedda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, Milan, 7 - 20122, Italy
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12
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Mother and Embryo Cross-Communication. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040376. [PMID: 32244282 PMCID: PMC7230353 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity is a biosensor for embryo quality, as embryos with reduced developmental potential are rejected. However, embryo quality only accounts for an estimated one-third of implantation failures, with suboptimal endometrial receptivity accounting for the remaining two-thirds. As pregnancy progresses, a uterus continues to engage in close communication with an embryo/fetus, exchanging information in the form of endocrine, paracrine, and other cues. Given the long mammalian gestation period, this dialogue is intricate, diverse, and, currently, not fully understood. Recent progress and the availability of high-throughput techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has allowed the simultaneous examination of multiple molecular changes, enhancing our knowledge in this area. This review covers the known mechanisms of mother–embryo cross-communication gathered from animal and human studies.
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Karagiannis GS, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH. Chemotherapy-Induced Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, Therapeutic Interventions. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4567-4576. [PMID: 31431464 PMCID: PMC6744993 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy offers long-term clinical benefits to many patients with advanced cancer. However, recent evidence has linked the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy with the de novo elicitation of a prometastatic tumor microenvironment. This "modified" tumor microenvironment is triggered by a chemotherapy-driven cytokine storm or through direct effects of certain chemotherapeutics on stromal and/or immune cells, the most critical being tumor-associated macrophages. These chemotherapy-educated cells act as facilitators in tumor-host cell interactions promoting the establishment of distant metastasis. Certain clinical studies now offer substantial evidence that prometastatic changes are indeed identified in the tumor microenvironment of certain patient subpopulations, especially those that do not present with any pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Deciphering the exact contextual prerequisites for chemotherapy-driven metastasis will be paramount for designing novel mechanism-based treatments for circumventing chemotherapy-induced metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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14
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Microparticles from tumors exposed to radiation promote immune evasion in part by PD-L1. Oncogene 2019; 39:187-203. [PMID: 31467431 PMCID: PMC6937213 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces immune-related responses in cancer patients by various mechanisms. Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory role of tumor-derived microparticles (TMPs)—extracellular vesicles shed from tumor cells—following radiotherapy. We demonstrate that breast carcinoma cells exposed to radiation shed TMPs containing elevated levels of immune-modulating proteins, one of which is programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These TMPs inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity both in vitro and in vivo, and thus promote tumor growth. Evidently, adoptive transfer of CTLs pre-cultured with TMPs from irradiated breast carcinoma cells increases tumor growth rates in mice recipients in comparison with control mice receiving CTLs pre-cultured with TMPs from untreated tumor cells. In addition, blocking the PD-1-PD-L1 axis, either genetically or pharmacologically, partially alleviates TMP-mediated inhibition of CTL activity, suggesting that the immunomodulatory effects of TMPs in response to radiotherapy is mediated, in part, by PD-L1. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the tumor immune surveillance state in response to radiotherapy and suggest a therapeutic synergy between radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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15
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Wu X, Li L, Iliuk A, Tao WA. Highly Efficient Phosphoproteome Capture and Analysis from Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3308-3316. [PMID: 30080416 PMCID: PMC7236337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of protein phosphorylation in extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers an unprecedented potential for understanding cancer signaling and early stage disease diagnosis. However, prior to the phosphoproteome analysis step, the isolation of EVs from biofluids remains a challenging issue to overcome due to the low yield and impurity from current isolation methods. Here, we carry out an extensive assessment of several EV isolation methods including a novel rapid isolation method EVTRAP for highly efficient capture of extracellular vesicles from human urine sample. We demonstrate that over 95% recovery yield can be consistently achieved by EVTRAP, a significant improvement over current standard techniques. We then applied EVTRAP to identify over 16 000 unique peptides representing 2000 unique EV proteins from 200 μL urine sample, including all known EV markers with substantially increased recovery levels over ultracentrifugation. Most importantly, close to 2000 unique phosphopeptides were identified from more than 860 unique phosphoproteins using 10 mL of urine. The data demonstrated that EVTRAP is a highly effective and potentially widely implementable clinical isolation method for analysis of EV protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Li Li
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - W. Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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16
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Abstract
Plasma biomarker discovery necessitates a method for deep proteomic profiling, as well as for highly accurate quantification of the proteins in the sample. Furthermore, to obtain strong candidates for potential biomarkers, the method should be high throughput to enable a large scale analysis. Here we describe in detail PROMIS-Quan (PROteomics of MIcroparticles using Super-SILAC Quantification), a method for a simple and robust fractionation of the plasma samples by extraction of plasma microparticles, followed by SILAC-based relative and absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Harel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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17
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Maia J, Caja S, Strano Moraes MC, Couto N, Costa-Silva B. Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018. [PMID: 29515996 PMCID: PMC5826063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to cell-cell contact, cells communicate through secreted factors via a highly complex system involving characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression and integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators in physiological and pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by all cells (both healthy and diseased), ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, transport all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and perform intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting not only in tumor cells, but also in tumor-associated cells such as fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged as new players in tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and immunologic remodeling. In addition, due to their property of carrying molecules from their cell of origin to the peripheral circulation, exosomes have been increasingly studied as sources of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Here we review the current literature on the participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor and tumor-associated cells, highlighting the role of this process in the setup of tumor microenvironments that modulate tumor initiation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Maia
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sergio Caja
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Couto
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Vítková V, Živný J, Janota J. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles: potential mediators and biomarkers of pathologic processes. Biomark Med 2018; 12:161-175. [PMID: 29327597 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the formation, composition and function of endothelial microvesicles (MV), often called microparticles (MP). MV release is a controlled event and is considered a hallmark of cellular activation or alteration. MV may affect the function of target cells through surface interaction and receptor activation, cellular fusion and the delivery of intravesicular cargo. Endothelial MV are released as a consequence of endothelial activation during inflammation and have been described to affect hemostasis, various aspects of inflammatory reaction, vessel formation, apoptosis and cell survival, endothelial cell differentiation and function. Recent data suggest the potential use of MV in diagnostics, assessment of severity and prediction of outcomes in inflammatory diseases and their utilization as targets, mediators and vectors in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vítková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Thomayer Department of Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Živný
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Janota
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Thomayer Department of Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Żmigrodzka M, Guzera M, Miśkiewicz A, Jagielski D, Winnicka A. The biology of extracellular vesicles with focus on platelet microparticles and their role in cancer development and progression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14391-14401. [PMID: 27629289 PMCID: PMC5126185 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of structures which can be classified into smaller in size and relatively homogenous exosomes (EXSMs)—spherical fragments of lipid bilayers from inner cell compartments—and bigger in size ectosomes (ECSMs)—a direct consequence of cell-membrane blebbing. EVs can be found in body fluids of healthy individuals. Their number increases in cancer and other pathological conditions. EVs can originate from various cell types, including leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and neoplastic cells. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are the most abundant population of EVs in blood. It is well documented that PMPs, being a crucial element of EVs signaling, are involved in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis and may participate in the development of multidrug resistance by tumor cells. The aim of this review is to present the role of PMPs in carcinogenesis. The biology and functions of PMPs with a particular emphasis on the most recent scientific reports on EV properties are also characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Żmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Guzera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Miśkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - D Jagielski
- Veterinary Clinic BIALOBRZESKA, Częstochowska 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Carver KA, Yang D. N-Acetylcysteine Amide Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Microparticle Release From Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:360-71. [PMID: 26842754 PMCID: PMC4736743 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is a major factor involved in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apoptosis that underlies AMD. Drusen, extracellular lipid- and protein-containing deposits, are strongly associated with the development of AMD. Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles shed from cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if oxidative stress drives MP release from RPE cells, to assess whether these MPs carry membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs: CD46, CD55, and CD59), and to evaluate the effects of a thiol antioxidant on oxidative stress–induced MP release. Methods Retinal pigment epithelium cells isolated from human donor eyes were cultured and treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress. Isolated MPs were fixed for transmission electron microscopy or processed for component analysis by flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and confocal microscopy. Results Transmission electron microscopy showed that MPs ranged in diameter from 100 to 1000 nm. H2O2 treatment led to time- and dose-dependent elevations in MPs with externalized phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, known markers of MPs. These increases were strongly correlated to RPE apoptosis. Oxidative stress significantly increased the release of mCRP-positive MPs, which were prevented by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA). Conclusions This is the first evidence that oxidative stress induces cultured human RPE cells to release MPs that carry mCRPs on their surface. The levels of released MPs are strongly correlated with RPE apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine amide prevents oxidative stress–induced effects. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress reduces mCRPs on the RPE surface through releasing MPs.
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21
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Timaner M, Beyar-Katz O, Shaked Y. Analysis of the Stromal Cellular Components of the Solid Tumor Microenvironment Using Flow Cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 70:19.18.1-19.18.12. [PMID: 26930555 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1918s70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of a variety of cell types. The contribution of each cell type to the tumor is an emerging subject in the field of cancer research. Here, we describe protocols for dissociating tumor tissues and Matrigel plugs into single cells for further analysis by flow cytometry. These protocols can be used for evaluating the cellular component of solid tumors from human or mouse origin or Matrigel plugs implanted in mice. The protocols describe the dissociation of tumor tissue with or without dissociation automatic devices. Subsequently, the use of flow cytometry for immunophenotypic analysis of host cells found in the tumor microenvironment, including myeloid derived suppressor cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages is provided. These methods can be used to broaden our understanding of the cross-talk between tumor and host cells in the tumor microenvironment. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Timaner
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofrat Beyar-Katz
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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22
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Wagner M, Wiig H. Tumor Interstitial Fluid Formation, Characterization, and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2015; 5:115. [PMID: 26075182 PMCID: PMC4443729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interstitium, situated between the blood and lymph vessels and the cells, consists of a solid or matrix phase and a fluid phase representing the tissue microenvironment. In the present review, we focus on the interstitial fluid phase of solid tumors, the tumor interstitial fluid (TIF), i.e., the fluid bathing the tumor and stroma cells, also including immune cells. This is a component of the internal milieu of a solid tumor that has attracted regained attention. Access to this space may provide important insight into tumor development and therapy response. TIF is formed by transcapillary filtration, and since this fluid is not readily available we discuss available techniques for TIF isolation, results from subsequent characterization and implications of recent findings with respect to fluid filtration and uptake of macromolecular therapeutic agents. There appear to be local gradients in signaling substances from neoplastic tissue to plasma that may provide new understanding of tumor biology. The development of sensitive proteomic technologies has made TIF a valuable source for tumor specific proteins and biomarker candidates. Potential biomarkers will appear locally in high concentrations in tumors and may eventually be found diluted in the plasma. Access to TIF that reliably reflects the local tumor microenvironment enables identification of substances that can be used in early detection and monitoring of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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23
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Emerging picture of the distinct traits and functions of microvesicles and exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3589-90. [PMID: 25762069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502590112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Harel M, Oren-Giladi P, Kaidar-Person O, Shaked Y, Geiger T. Proteomics of microparticles with SILAC Quantification (PROMIS-Quan): a novel proteomic method for plasma biomarker quantification. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1127-36. [PMID: 25624350 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.043364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma samples holds the promise to reveal clinically invaluable disease biomarkers. However, the tremendous dynamic range of the plasma proteome has so far hampered the identification of such low abundant markers. To overcome this challenge we analyzed the plasma microparticle proteome, and reached an unprecedented depth of over 3000 plasma proteins in single runs. To add a quantitative dimension, we developed PROMIS-Quan-PROteomics of MIcroparticles with Super-Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) Quantification, a novel mass spectrometry-based technology for plasma microparticle proteome quantification. PROMIS-Quan enables a two-step relative and absolute SILAC quantification. First, plasma microparticle proteomes are quantified relative to a super-SILAC mix composed of cell lines from distinct origins. Next, the absolute amounts of selected proteins of interest are quantified relative to the super-SILAC mix. We applied PROMIS-Quan to prostate cancer and compared plasma microparticle samples of healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients. We identified in total 5374 plasma-microparticle proteins, and revealed a predictive signature of three proteins that were elevated in the patient-derived plasma microparticles. Finally, PROMIS-Quan enabled determination of the absolute quantitative changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) upon treatment. We propose PROMIS-Quan as an innovative platform for biomarker discovery, validation, and quantification in both the biomedical research and in the clinical worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Harel
- From the ‡Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pazit Oren-Giladi
- §Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Yuval Shaked
- §Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- From the ‡Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
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25
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Jung JH, Lee MY, Choi DY, Lee JW, You S, Lee KY, Kim J, Kim KP. Phospholipids of tumor extracellular vesicles stratify gefitinib-resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer cells from gefitinib-sensitive cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:824-35. [PMID: 25404199 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib are one of gold standard treatment options for nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which eventually fail due to the acquired resistance and relapse because of the development of secondary activating mutations such as T790M in EGFR. Predicting chemo-responsiveness of cancer patients provides a major challenge in chemotherapy. The goal of the present study is to determine whether phospholipid signatures of tumor extracellular vesicles (EV) are associated with gefitinib-resistance of NSCLC. A sophisticated MS-based shotgun lipidomic assays were performed for in-depth analysis of the lipidomes of gefitinib-resistant (PC9R) and responsive (PC9) NSCLC cells and their shed EV from these cell lines (PC9EV or PC9REV). Lipid MALDI-MS analysis showed that EV phospholipid composition was significantly distinct in PC9R, compared to PC9 cells. Following statistical analyses has identified 35 (20 positive and 15 negative ion mode) differentially regulated lipids, which are significantly over- or underexpressed in PC9R EV, compared to PC9 EV (p value < 0.01, fold change > 1.5). Our phospholipid signatures suggest that EV associates with drug sensitivity, which is worthy of additional investigation to assess chemoresistance in patients with NSCLC treated with anti-EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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26
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprised of exosomes, microparticles, apoptotic bodies, and other microvesicles, are shed from a variety of cells upon cell activation or apoptosis. EVs promote clot formation, mediate pro-inflammatory processes, transfer proteins and miRNA to cells, and induce cell signaling that regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. This paper will review the contribution of EVs in hematological disorders, including hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease, thalassemia), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and hematological malignancies (lymphomas, myelomas, and acute and chronic leukemias).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Aharon
- Microvesicles Research Laboratory, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus; ; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Annie Rebibo-Sabbah
- Microvesicles Research Laboratory, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus; ; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Tzoran
- Microvesicles Research Laboratory, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus; ; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; ; Department of Internal Medicine C, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Carina Levin
- Microvesicles Research Laboratory, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus; ; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; ; Pediatric Hematology Unit and Pediatric Department B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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