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Li D, Butala AA, Moro-Velazquez L, Meyer T, Oh ES, Motley C, Villalba J, Dehak N. Automating the analysis of eye movement for different neurodegenerative disorders. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:107951. [PMID: 38219646 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The clinical observation and assessment of extra-ocular movements is common practice in assessing neurodegenerative disorders but remains observer-dependent. In the present study, we propose an algorithm that can automatically identify saccades, fixation, smooth pursuit, and blinks using a non-invasive eye tracker. Subsequently, response-to-stimuli-derived interpretable features were elicited that objectively and quantitatively assess patient behaviors. The cohort analysis encompasses persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease mimics (PDM), and controls (CTRL). Overall, results suggested that the AD/MCI and PD groups had significantly different saccade and pursuit characteristics compared to CTRL when the target moved faster or covered a larger visual angle during smooth pursuit. These two groups also displayed more omitted antisaccades and longer average antisaccade latency than CTRL. When reading a text passage silently, people with AD/MCI had more fixations. During visual exploration, people with PD demonstrated a more variable saccade duration than other groups. In the prosaccade task, the PD group showed a significantly smaller average hypometria gain and accuracy, with the most statistical significance and highest AUC scores of features studied. The minimum saccade gain was a PD-specific feature different from CTRL and PDM. These features, as oculographic biomarkers, can be potentially leveraged in distinguishing different types of NDs, yielding more objective and precise protocols to diagnose and monitor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA.
| | - Ankur A Butala
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Laureano Moro-Velazquez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA
| | - Trevor Meyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA
| | - Esther S Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Chelsey Motley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Jesús Villalba
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA
| | - Najim Dehak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA
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2
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Reiner J, Franken L, Raveh E, Rosset I, Kreitman R, Ben-Ami E, Djaldetti R. Oculometric measures as a tool for assessment of clinical symptoms and severity of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1241-1248. [PMID: 37553460 PMCID: PMC10480268 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of oculometric measures (OM) are widely described in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, knowledge of correlations between abnormal OM, disease severity and clinical assessment in PD patients is still lacking. To evaluate these correlations, PD patients (215 patients, mean age 69 ± 9.1 years, 79 females) with severe (H&Y > 3) and mild to moderate (H&Y ≤ 2) disease, and 215 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. All patients were evaluated using MDS-UPDRS and an oculometric test using computer vision and deep learning algorithms. Comparisons of OM between groups and correlations between OM and MDS-UPDRS scores were calculated. Saccadic latency (ms) was prolonged in patients with severe compared with mild to moderate disease (pro-saccades: 267 ± 69 vs. 238 ± 53, p = 0.0011; anti-saccades: 386 ± 119 vs. 352 ± 106, p = 0.0393) and in patients with mild to moderate disease versus healthy subjects (pro-saccades: 238 ± 53 vs. 220 ± 45, p = 0.0003; anti-saccades: 352 ± 106 vs. 289 ± 71, p < 0.0001). Error rate (%) was higher among patients with severe (64.06 ± 23.08) versus mild to moderate disease (49.84 ± 24.81, p = 0.0001), and versus healthy subjects (49.84 ± 24.81 vs. 28.31 ± 21.72, p = 0.00001). Response accuracy (%) was lower for patients with severe (75.66 ± 13.11) versus mild to moderate disease (79.66 ± 13.56, p = 0.0462), and versus healthy subjects (79.66 ± 13.56 vs. 90.27 ± 8.79, p < 0.0001). Pro- and anti-saccadic latency, error rate and accuracy were correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores (r = 0.32, 0.28, 0.36 and -0.30, respectively, p < 0.0001) and similar correlations were found with its axial subscore (R = 0.38, 0.29, 0.44, and -0.30, respectively, p < 0.0001). Several OM were different in patients under levodopa treatment. OM worsened as PD severity increases, and were correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores. Using OM can be implemented for PD patients' assessment as a tool to follow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Reiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Franken
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Goettker A, Borgerding N, Leeske L, Gegenfurtner KR. Cues for predictive eye movements in naturalistic scenes. J Vis 2023; 23:12. [PMID: 37728915 PMCID: PMC10516764 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously compared following of the same trajectories with eye movements, but either as an isolated targets or embedded in a naturalistic scene-in this case, the movement of a puck in an ice hockey game. We observed that the oculomotor system was able to leverage the contextual cues available in the naturalistic scene to produce predictive eye movements. In this study, we wanted to assess which factors are critical for achieving this predictive advantage by manipulating four factors: the expertise of the viewers, the amount of available peripheral information, and positional and kinematic cues. The more peripheral information became available (by manipulating the area of the video that was visible), the better the predictions of all observers. However, expert ice hockey fans were consistently better at predicting than novices and used peripheral information more effectively for predictive saccades. Artificial cues about player positions did not lead to a predictive advantage, whereas impairing the causal structure of kinematic cues by playing the video in reverse led to a severe impairment. When videos were flipped vertically to introduce more difficult kinematic cues, predictive behavior was comparable to watching the original videos. Together, these results demonstrate that, when contextual information is available in naturalistic scenes, the oculomotor system is successfully integrating them and is not relying only on low-level information about the target trajectory. Critical factors for successful prediction seem to be the amount of available information, experience with the stimuli, and the availability of intact kinematic cues for player movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goettker
- Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Linus Leeske
- Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karl R Gegenfurtner
- Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Manto M, Triarhou LC. Ocular Dysmetria, Flutter, and Opsoclonus: Refining the Oculomotor Deficits in Cerebellar Patients. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01444-x. [PMID: 35881323 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Unité Des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.
- Service Des Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Lazaros C Triarhou
- Department of Psychology, Aristotelian University Faculty of Philosophy, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Snegireva N, Derman W, Patricios J, Welman KE. Blink duration is increased in concussed youth athletes: a validity study using eye tracking in male youth and adult athletes of selected contact sports. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35709708 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosing a sports-related concussion (SRC) remains challenging, and research into diagnostic tools is limited. This study investigated whether selected eye tracking variables would be a valid tool to diagnose and monitor SRC in adult and youth participants in selected contact sports, such as Rugby Union (rugby) and football (soccer). METHODS This prospective cohort study, with 70 concussed and 92 non-concussed adult and youth athletes, assessed the validity of five previously selected eye tracking variables for SRC diagnostics and management. The performance between concussed and age-matched control (non-concussed) athletes, as well as between three successive testing sessions in the concussed athletes were compared. Self-paced saccade count in adult group; blink duration in the memory-guided saccade and sinusoidal smooth pursuit tasks, proportion of antisaccade errors, and gain of diagonal smooth pursuit in the youth group were assessed. RESULTS The youth concussed group had higher blink duration in the fast memory-guided saccades task (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.17) and a tendency for higher blink duration in the sinusoidal smooth pursuit task (p = 0.016, η2 = 0.06) compared to the youth control group. In both tasks the blink duration in the concussed youth group decreased from session 1 to session 2 by 24% and 18%, accordingly, although statistical significance was not reached. The concussed adult group demonstrated a lower number of self-paced saccades compared to controls (p = 0.05, η2 = 0.09), which gradually increased, with the largest difference between session 1 and session 3 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Blink duration in youth athletes holds promise as a valid metric for concussion diagnostics and monitoring. It is recommended to focus future studies on comparing eye tracking performance within the same concussed athletes over time rather than comparing them to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Snegireva
- Sports Science, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Suidwal Road, Coetzenburg, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7601, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7505, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Institute for Sport and Health, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, 27 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - Karen Estelle Welman
- Sports Science, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Suidwal Road, Coetzenburg, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7601, SOUTH AFRICA
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Classification of attention levels using a Random Forest algorithm optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization. EVOLVING SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12530-022-09444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Fazzi E, Micheletti S, Calza S, Merabet L, Rossi A, Galli J. Early visual training and environmental adaptation for infants with visual impairment. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1180-1193. [PMID: 34813110 PMCID: PMC8518055 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of early visual training and environmental adaptation on visual function and neurological development in infants with visual impairment. METHOD This was a pilot intervention clinical trial study. Thirty infants (mean age 5.9mo, SD 2.1mo, range 4-11mo; 16 males, 14 females) with peripheral visual impairment (PVI, n=15) or cerebral visual impairment (CVI, n=15) participated in a 6-month visual intervention programme. Thirty matched infants (mean age 6mo, SD 1.4mo, range 4-9mo; 18 males, 12 females) served as a comparison group. Primary outcome measures were visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and qualitative ocular motor functions. Secondary outcomes were scores on the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS). RESULTS The treatment group showed a significant improvement in all the primary outcomes (p<0.01). The comparison group improved only in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (p<0.01). The treatment group showed greater improvement than the comparison group in visual fixation (p=0.033) and smooth pursuit (p<0.01). The CVI subgroup showed greater improvement in visual acuity than the PVI subgroup (p<0.01). GMDS subscales of hand-eye coordination (p=0.01) and performance (p<0.01) increased in the treatment group, while the total score of the comparison group decreased, driven by language (p=0.039) and hand-eye coordination (p=0.025) subscales. INTERPRETATION Results suggest that, in infants with visual impairment, visual function and certain developmental outcomes improve in response to early visual training and environmental adaptation, in an interactive context. What this paper adds Early visual training and environmental adaptation are associated with enhanced visual acuity and smooth pursuit. Early visual training and environmental adaptation are associated with an improvement of neurological developmental outcome. Performance, hand-eye coordination, and language scores in Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales increase after visual training. After training, visual acuity improves more in infants with cerebral rather than anterior visual impairment. Type and complexity of visual impairment contribute to determine infants' response to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly,Unit of Child Neurology and PsychiatryASST Spedali Civili of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Serena Micheletti
- Unit of Child Neurology and PsychiatryASST Spedali Civili of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDepartment of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Lotfi Merabet
- The Laboratory for Visual NeuroplasticityDepartment of OphthalmologyMassachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Unit of Child Neurology and PsychiatryASST Spedali Civili of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Jessica Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly,Unit of Child Neurology and PsychiatryASST Spedali Civili of BresciaBresciaItaly
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Eye tracking to assess concussions: an intra-rater reliability study with healthy youth and adult athletes of selected contact and collision team sports. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3289-3302. [PMID: 34467416 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Eye movements that are dependent on cognition hold promise in assessing sports-related concussions but research on reliability of eye tracking measurements in athletic cohorts is very limited. This observational test-retest study aimed to establish whether eye tracking technology is a reliable tool for assessing sports-related concussions in youth and adult athletes partaking in contact and collision team sports. Forty-three youth (15.4 ± 2.2 years) and 27 adult (22.2 ± 2.9 years) Rugby Union and soccer players completed the study. Eye movements were recorded using SMIRED250mobile while participants completed a test battery twice, with a 1-week interval that included self-paced saccade (SPS), fixation stability, memory-guided sequence (MGS), smooth pursuit (SP), and antisaccades (AS) tasks. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), measurement error (SEM) and smallest real difference (SRD) were calculated for 47 variables. Seventeen variables achieved an ICC > 0.50. In the adults, saccade count in SPS had good reliability (ICC = 0.86, SRD = 146.6 saccades). In the youth, the average blink duration in MGS had excellent reliability (ICC = 0.99, SRD = 59.4 ms); directional errors in AS tasks and gain of diagonal SP had good reliability (ICC = 0.78 and 0.77, SRD = 25.3 and 395.1%, respectively). Four metrics were found in this study to be reliable candidates for further biomarker validity research in contact and collision sport cohorts. Many variables failed to present a sufficient level of robustness for a practical diagnostic tool; possibly, because athletic cohorts have higher homogeneity, along with latent adverse effects of undetected concussions and repetitive head impacts. Since reliability of a measure can influence type II error, effect sizes, and confidence intervals, it is strongly advocated to conduct dedicated reliability evaluations prior to any validity studies.
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9
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Eye movements in general neurology and its subspecialties: introduction to the topical collection. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:387-388. [PMID: 33389250 PMCID: PMC7778863 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-05023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Simmons DH, Titley HK, Hansel C, Mason P. Behavioral Tests for Mouse Models of Autism: An Argument for the Inclusion of Cerebellum-Controlled Motor Behaviors. Neuroscience 2021; 462:303-319. [PMID: 32417339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been interrogated using a variety of behavioral tests in order to understand the symptoms of ASD. However, the hallmark behaviors that are classically affected in ASD - deficits in social interaction and communication as well as the occurrence of repetitive behaviors - do not have direct murine equivalents. Thus, it is critical to identify the caveats that come with modeling a human disorder in mice. The most commonly used behavioral tests represent complex cognitive processes based on largely unknown brain circuitry. Motor impairments provide an alternative, scientifically rigorous approach to understanding ASD symptoms. Difficulties with motor coordination and learning - seen in both patients and mice - point to an involvement of the cerebellum in ASD pathology. This brain area supports types of motor learning that are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, allowing for direct comparisons of functional abnormalities between humans with autism and ASD mouse models. Studying simple motor behaviors provides researchers with clearly interpretable results. We describe and evaluate methods used on mouse behavioral assays designed to test for social, communicative, perseverative, anxious, nociceptive, and motor learning abnormalities. We comment on the effectiveness and validity of each test based on how much information its results give, as well as its relevance to ASD, and will argue for an inclusion of cerebellum-supported motor behaviors in the phenotypic description of ASD mouse models. LAY SUMMARY: Mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder help us gain insight about ASD symptoms in human patients. However, there are many differences between mice and humans, which makes interpreting behaviors challenging. Here, we discuss a battery of behavioral tests for specific mouse behaviors to explore whether each test does indeed evaluate the intended measure, and whether these tests are useful in learning about ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana H Simmons
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather K Titley
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Hansel
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Peggy Mason
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lal V, Mehta S, Takkar A, Ray S. Ophthalmological findings in movement disorders. ANNALS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aomd.aomd_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Maurage P, Bollen Z, Masson N, D'Hondt F. A review of studies exploring fetal alcohol spectrum disorders through eye tracking measures. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109980. [PMID: 32470497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread cognitive and cerebral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure have been established during the last decades, through the exploration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using neuropsychological and neuroscience tools. This research field has recently benefited from the emergence of innovative measures, among which eye tracking, allowing a precise measure of the eye movements indexing a large range of cognitive functions. We propose a comprehensive review, based on PRISMA guidelines, of the eye tracking studies performed in populations with FASD. Studies were selected from the PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases, and were evaluated through a standardized methodological quality assessment. Studies were classified according to the eye tracking indexes recorded (saccade characteristics, initial fixation, number of fixations, dwell time, gaze pattern) and the process measured (perception, memory, executive functions). Eye tracking data showed that FASD are mostly associated with impaired ocular perceptive/motor abilities (i.e., altered eye movements, centrally for saccade initiation), lower accuracy as well as increased error rates in saccadic eye movements involving working memory abilities, and reduced inhibitory control on saccades. After identifying the main limitations presented by the reviewed studies, we propose guidelines for future research, underlining the need to increase the standardization of diagnosis and evaluation tools, and to improve the methodological quality of eye tracking measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Zoé Bollen
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Masson
- Numerical Cognition Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, Unité CURE, Lille, France; Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.
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13
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Lefèvre P. Want to win a bowling game? Beware of even one glass of alcohol! J Physiol 2020; 599:1017-1018. [PMID: 33332617 DOI: 10.1113/jp280984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefèvre
- ICTEAM, IoNS, Université catholique de Louvain, 4, avenue G. Lemaitre, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
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14
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Dellatolas G, Câmara-Costa H. The role of cerebellum in the child neuropsychological functioning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 173:265-304. [PMID: 32958180 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter proposes a review of neuropsychologic and behavior findings in pediatric pathologies of the cerebellum, including cerebellar malformations, pediatric ataxias, cerebellar tumors, and other acquired cerebellar injuries during childhood. The chapter also contains reviews of the cerebellar mutism/posterior fossa syndrome, reported cognitive associations with the development of the cerebellum in typically developing children and subjects born preterm, and the role of the cerebellum in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and developmental dyslexia. Cognitive findings in pediatric cerebellar disorders are considered in the context of known cerebellocerebral connections, internal cellular organization of the cerebellum, the idea of a universal cerebellar transform and computational internal models, and the role of the cerebellum in specific cognitive and motor functions, such as working memory, language, timing, or control of eye movements. The chapter closes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive affective syndrome as it has been described in children and some conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dellatolas
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Câmara-Costa
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes en Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris, France
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15
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Rucker JC, Rizzo JR, Hudson TE, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL. Concerning Vision Therapy and Ocular Motor Training in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:1053-1054. [PMID: 32799389 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Rucker
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd E Hudson
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven L Galetta
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Levantini V, Muratori P, Inguaggiato E, Masi G, Milone A, Valente E, Tonacci A, Billeci L. EYES Are The Window to the Mind: Eye-Tracking Technology as a Novel Approach to Study Clinical Characteristics of ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113135. [PMID: 32505031 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of eye movements has increasingly become a window into neurological function and processes. This paper reports data about applications of eye-tracking technology in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in studying the clinical characteristics of ADHD. These studies indicated that eye-tracking approach represents a non-invasive methodology to test specific domains, such as attention networks and inhibition control, in an objectively and reliable way in youths. Although the studies results are still not conclusive, eye-tracking represents a potential valid support for clinicians in identifying specific biomarkers to orient ADHD diagnosis and the best intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Inguaggiato
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Valente
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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17
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Obyedkov I, Skuhareuskaya M, Skugarevsky O, Obyedkov V, Buslauski P, Skuhareuskaya T, Waszkiewicz N. Saccadic eye movements in different dimensions of schizophrenia and in clinical high-risk state for psychosis. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:110. [PMID: 30961571 PMCID: PMC6454611 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculomotor dysfunction is one of the most replicated findings in schizophrenia. However the association between saccadic abnormalities and particular clinical syndromes remains unclear. The assessment of saccadic movements in schizophrenia patients as well as in clinical high-risk state for psychosis individuals (CHR) as a part of schizophrenia continuum may be useful in validation of saccadic movements as a possible biomarker. METHODS The study included 156 patients who met the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia: 42 individuals at clinical high-risk-state for psychosis and 61 healthy controls. The schizophrenia patients had three subgroups based on the sum of the global SAPS and SANS scores: (1) patients with predominantly negative symptoms (NS, n = 62); (2) patients with predominantly positive symptoms (PS, n = 54) (3) patients with predominantly disorganization symptoms (DS, n = 40). CHR subjects were characterized by the presence of one of the groups of criteria: (1) Ultra High Risk criteria, (2) Basic Symptoms criteria or (3) negative symptoms and formal thought disorders. Horizontal eye movements were recorded by using videonystagmograph. We measured peak velocity, latency and accuracy in prosaccade, antisaccade and predictive saccade tasks as well as error rates in the antisaccade task. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients performed worse than controls in predictive, reflexive and antisaccade tasks. Oculomotor parameters of NS were different from the other groups of patients. Latencies of predictive and reflexive saccades were significantly longer than in controls only in the NS group. The accuracy of predictive saccades was also different from controls only in the NS schizophrenia group. More prominent loss of accuracy of reflexive saccades was found in the DS group and it significantly differed from the one in other groups. Participants from DS group made more errors in antisaccade task compared to NS and PS groups. CHR subjects performed worse than controls as measured by the accuracy of reflexive saccades and antisaccades. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the existence of different relations between the symptom dimensions of schizophrenia and saccades tasks performances. Saccadic abnormalities were revealed in the clinical (schizophrenia) and pre-clinical (clinical high risk) populations that provide further evidence for assessing saccadic abnormalities as a possible neurobiological marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Obyedkov
- Republican Research and Practice Center for Mental Health, Dolginovsky Tract, 152, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Maryna Skuhareuskaya
- Republican Research and Practice Center for Mental Health, Dolginovsky Tract, 152, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Oleg Skugarevsky
- 0000 0004 0452 5023grid.21354.31Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Belarusian State Medical University, Dolginovsky Tract, 152, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Victor Obyedkov
- 0000 0004 0452 5023grid.21354.31Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Belarusian State Medical University, Dolginovsky Tract, 152, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Pavel Buslauski
- Republican Research and Practice Center for Mental Health, Dolginovsky Tract, 152, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Skuhareuskaya
- 0000 0004 0452 5023grid.21354.31Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Belarusian State Medical University, Dolginovsky Tract, 152, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070, Choroszcz, Poland.
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18
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Shishido E, Ogawa S, Miyata S, Yamamoto M, Inada T, Ozaki N. Application of eye trackers for understanding mental disorders: Cases for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:72-77. [PMID: 30712295 PMCID: PMC7292297 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of eye movement have become an essential tool of basic neuroscience research. Measures of eye movement have been applied to higher brain functions such as cognition, social behavior, and higher‐level decision‐making. With the development of eye trackers, a growing body of research has described eye movements in relation to mental disorders, reporting that the basic oculomotor properties of patients with mental disorders differ from those of healthy controls. Using discrimination analysis, several independent research groups have used eye movements to differentiate patients with schizophrenia from a mixed population of patients and controls. Recently, in addition to traditional oculomotor measures, several new techniques have been applied to measure and analyze eye movement data. One research group investigated eye movements in relation to the risk of autism spectrum disorder several years prior to the emergence of verbal‐behavioral abnormalities. Research on eye movement in humans in social communication is therefore considered important, but has not been well explored. Since eye movement patterns vary between patients with mental disorders and healthy controls, it is necessary to collect a large amount of eye movement data from various populations and age groups. The application of eye trackers in the clinical setting could contribute to the early treatment of mental disorders. Studies of eye movement have become an essential tool of basic neuroscience research. With the development of eye trackers, a growing body of research has described eye movements in relation to mental disorders.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Shishido
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shiori Ogawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiko Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Tannous J, Mwangi B, Hasan KM, Narayana PA, Steinberg JL, Walss-Bass C, Moeller FG, Schmitz JM, Lane SD. Measures of possible allostatic load in comorbid cocaine and alcohol use disorder: Brain white matter integrity, telomere length, and anti-saccade performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0199729. [PMID: 30625144 PMCID: PMC6326479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM), telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by the telomere to single copy gene (T/S) ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of WM as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonika Tannous
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Khader M. Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joel L. Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Li EK, Lee S, Patel SS, Sereno AB. Age-Dependent Performance on Pro-point and Anti-point Tasks. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2519. [PMID: 30618945 PMCID: PMC6304380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in prefrontal cortex are thought to be responsible for many of the characteristic behavioral changes that are seen during adolescence and late adulthood. Disruption of prefrontal cortex is an early sign for many developmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Goal directed eye movements, such as Anti-saccades, have been shown to have high sensitivity as a gross assessment of prefrontal lobe function. Previous studies on the developmental changes of saccades across age have shown that stimulus-driven and goal-directed eye movements follow a U-shaped trend with peaks in performance occuring during adolescence. Using novel tablet-based pointing tasks, modeled on eye movement tests, this study aims to provide a preliminary understanding of how age affects manual pointing performance, in order to more easily track behavioral changes of the prefrontal cortex. In this study, 82 participants between the ages of 10 and 63 were recruited to participate. Results show that similarly to saccades, manual pointing responses are age dependent with fastest response times found during late adolescence to early adulthood (U-shaped curves). Importantly, we also demonstrated significant differences in the effect of age in stimulus-driven (Pro-point) and goal-directed (Anti-point) pointing tasks. The effect of age on response time (RT) is greater on Anti-point compared to Pro-point task (with a 79 ms greater mean decrease during early development and a 148 ms greater mean increase during later aging). Further, for Pro-point task, the U-shaped curve flattens at about 45 years whereas for Anti-point task the U-shaped curve continues up to the maximum age tested (about 60 years). This dissociation between age-related changes in sensorimotor and cognitive performance suggests independent development of associated brain circuity. Thus, changes of performance in disease that are specific for age and task may be able to help identify brain circuitry involved. Finally, given that these tablet-based pointing tasks show similar age-related patterns reported previously with eye-tracking technology, our findings suggest that such tablet-based tasks may provide an inexpensive, quick, and more practical way of detecting neurological deficits or tracking cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah K Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Saumil S Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anne B Sereno
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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