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Zhou QL, Ye D, Ren PC, Pang WB, Lin XM, Cao RH, Ye XS, Xiang W, Xiao L. A multi-omics analysis reveals vitamin D supplementation since childhood modulates molecules for signal transductions in the mouse striatum. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117145. [PMID: 39038374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a critical fat-soluble vitamin for the nervous system. Research suggests a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly in children and adolescents. The core symptoms of ADHD are associated with deficits in striatal functions, and maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin D may help prevent or alleviate ADHD symptoms. However, the molecular changes in the striatum caused by vitamin D supplementation that may contribute to the brain processes linked to ADHD symptoms remain unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model fed diets with three different dose gradients of vitamin D3 (0, 500, and 2000 IU/kg·day) from postnatal day 21 (P21) to 14 weeks of age. Striatal tissues from mice with gradient vitamin D3 intake were subjected to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), RNA-sequencing, and neurotransmitter profiling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation since childhood influenced the overall landscape of DNA methylations and the expression of many genes involved in critical neurological functions in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, our data demonstrate how vitamin D modulated neuropeptide signaling pathways, as well as cholinergic and dopaminergic synapses in the striatum, through an orchestrated mechanism involving epigenetic and transcriptional regulations. Furthermore, we observed a synergistic effect of vitamin D on dopamine release following acute methylphenidate injection into our mouse model. In summary, this study provides mechanistic insights into how dietary vitamin D supplementation since childhood can modulate specific signal transductions among striatal cells, underscoring the importance of vitamin D supplementation for ADHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Zhou
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - D Ye
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - P C Ren
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - W B Pang
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - X M Lin
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - R H Cao
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - X S Ye
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - W Xiang
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China.
| | - L Xiao
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China; School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Haikou, China.
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Todisco P, De Mico A, Meneguzzo P. Vitamin D Status and Behavioral Impulsivity in Anorexia Nervosa: Insights from a Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2523. [PMID: 39125402 PMCID: PMC11314167 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder marked by extreme weight control behaviors and significant impacts on physical and psychosocial health. This study explores the relationship between vitamin D (Vit-D) levels and impulsivity in women with AN. Forty-six cisgender White women participants were assessed upon admission and before discharge from a specialized eating disorder treatment center, with an average duration of 2.5 ± 0.10 months. Methods included self-reported questionnaires and behavioral tasks to measure impulsivity, alongside serum Vit-D levels. Our results showed significant improvements in Vit-D levels and certain impulsivity measures, such as faster reaction times and fewer errors on the go/no-go task, correlating with higher Vit-D levels. However, no significant correlations were found between Vit-D levels and self-reported impulsivity. These findings suggest that adequate Vit-D levels may enhance cognitive functions related to impulse control in AN. Given this study's limitations, including its exclusive focus on women and small sample size, future research should involve larger, more diverse populations and randomized clinical trials to better understand the causal relationships and therapeutic potential of Vit-D in managing AN-related impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Todisco
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura “Villa Margherita”—KOS Group, Via Costacolonna 20, 36057 Arcugnano, Italy;
| | - Alberto De Mico
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura “Villa Margherita”—KOS Group, Via Costacolonna 20, 36057 Arcugnano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Khazdouz M, Safarzadeh R, Hejrani B, Hasani M, Mahdavi FS, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M. The association between junk foods consumption and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02521-8. [PMID: 39037467 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The adverse effects of junk foods on the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were reported in several studies. In this meta-analysis, the association between junk food consumption and the risk of ADHD was investigated in children and adolescents. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted to find all relevant literature via four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar, up to September 2022. Two independent authors screened all documents based on inclusion criteria. The overall effect sizes and related 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled with the random effect approach. Subgroup analysis was done to measure potential sources of heterogeneity between studies. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Nine observational studies with 58,296 children /adolescents were eligible to be include in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect model, there was a positive relation between the consumption of junk foods and ADHD symptoms (odds ratio (OR): 1.24, 95%CI 1.15-1.34, P < 0.001, I2: 37.4%, P = 0.085). A similar significant positive association was shown in the subgroups analysis by different junk foods (sweetened beverages/soft drinks, sweets/candies, and other types of junk foods). This meta-analysis finding demonstrated that consuming junk foods, especially sweetened beverages/soft drinks, and sweets/candies is associated with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khazdouz
- Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Hejrani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mahdavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Rajaei Educational and Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Bandeira CE, das Neves FGP, Rovaris DL, Grevet EH, Dias-Soares M, da Silva C, Dresch F, da Silva BS, Bau CHD, Shansis FM, Genro JP, Contini V. The symptomatology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the genetic control of vitamin D levels. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38761117 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2351322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with psychiatric disorders and behavioral phenotypes such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Considering that vitamin D levels are polygenic, we aim to evaluate the overall effects of its genetic architecture on symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and on the serum levels of vitamin D in two independent samples of adults, as well as the specific effects of five relevant polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes. METHODS We evaluated 870 subjects from an ADHD sample (407 cases and 463 controls) and 319 subjects from an academic community (nutrigenetic sample). Vitamin D serum levels were obtained through Elisa test and genetic data by TaqMan™ allelic discrimination and Infinium PsychArray-24 BeadChip genotyping. Polygenic Scores (PGS) were calculated on PRSice2 based on the latest GWAS for Vitamin D and statistical analyses were conducted at Plink and SPSS software. RESULTS Vitamin D PGSs were associated with inattention in the ADHD sample and with hyperactivity when inattention symptoms were included as covariates. In the nutrigenetic sample, CYP2R1 rs10741657 and DHCR7 rs12785878 were nominally associated with impulsivity and hyperactivity, respectively, and both with vitamin D levels. In the clinical sample, RXRG rs2134095 was associated with impulsivity. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest a shared genetic architecture between vitamin D levels and ADHD symptoms, as evidenced by the associations observed with PGS and specific genes related to vitamin D levels. Interestingly, differential effects for vitamin D PGS were found in inattention and hyperactivity, which should be considered in further studies involving ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Edom Bandeira
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychiatry, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monique Dias-Soares
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Dresch
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychiatry, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávio Milman Shansis
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Júlia Pasqualini Genro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Verônica Contini
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Brazil
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Wang CX, Wang B, Sun JJ, Xiao CY, Ma H, Jia FY, Li HH. Circulating retinol and 25(OH)D contents and their association with symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1017-1028. [PMID: 37166521 PMCID: PMC11032271 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study measured serum levels of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) in children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and investigated their potential association with CTD and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the association of their co-insufficiencies or deficiencies with CTD symptoms. A total of 176 children (131 boys and 45 girls, median age of 9 years) with CTD were recruited as the CTD group. During the same period, 154 healthy children were selected as the healthy control (HC) cohort. Circulating retinol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured for all participants using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was employed for the assessment of tic status and CTD impairment. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) were used to evaluate comorbidity symptoms. CTD pediatric participants exhibited markedly diminished circulating retinol and 25(OH)D levels compared to HCs. Moreover, VA and VD deficiencies and their co-insufficiencies/deficiencies were more prevalent in CTD participants than HCs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were inversely proportional to the YGTSS motor tic scores. YGTSS scores in CTD children with only VA or VD insufficiency or deficiency or with VA and VD co-insufficiency/deficiency did not differ from those in CTD children with normal VA and VD. CTD children with comorbid ADHD displayed reduced circulating retinol and 25(OH)D concentrations and elevated prevalence of VD deficiency compared to CTD participants without comorbid ADHD. Lower serum retinol content was intricately linked to the presence of elevated CTD and comorbid ADHD. VA and VD deficiencies and their co-insufficiencies/deficiencies were markedly enhanced in CTD pediatric participants compared to HCs. Lower VA concentration was linked to the presence of enhanced CTD and comorbid ADHD. Therefore, children with CTD, especially with comorbid ADHD, may be at a higher risk of VA or VD deficiency, which may prompt the clinicians to consider whether blood tests for VA and VD in CTD children would be helpful for clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jian-Jian Sun
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Ying Xiao
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Ciobanu AM, Petrescu C, Anghele C, Manea MC, Ciobanu CA, Petrescu DM, Antonia MO, Riga S. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency-A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2056. [PMID: 38138159 PMCID: PMC10744484 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, vitamin D functions have been studied progressively, and along with their main role in regulating calcium homeostasis, the potential function in the nervous system and the link between different psychiatric disorders and vitamin D deficiency have been revealed. The discovery of vitamin D receptors in multiple brain structures, like the hippocampus, led to the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency could be responsible for treatment resistance in psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the current knowledge in the literature regarding vitamin D deficiency among individuals afflicted with psychiatric disorders and assess the potential therapeutic benefits of vitamin D supplementation. A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed database for articles published in the last five years (2016-2022) in English, focusing on human subjects. Results show that vitamin D deficiency has implications for numerous psychiatric disorders, affecting mood and behavior through its influence on neurotransmitter release, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotection. It also plays a role in modulating inflammation, which is often elevated in psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent and has far-reaching implications for mental health. This review underscores the importance of exploring the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with psychiatric disorders and highlights the need for further research in this complex field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.C.); (C.P.); (C.A.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Petrescu
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.C.); (C.P.); (C.A.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Anghele
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.C.); (C.P.); (C.A.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Costin Manea
- Neuroscience Department, Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.C.); (C.P.); (C.A.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Diana Mihaela Petrescu
- Department of Neurology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihalache Oana Antonia
- Neurology Clinic, “Fundeni” Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Stress Research and Prophylaxis, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sorin Riga
- Department of Stress Research and Prophylaxis, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania;
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 927180 Bucharest, Romania
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Jiang M, Yan W, Li X, Zhao L, Lu T, Zhang D, Li J, Wang L. Calcium Homeostasis and Psychiatric Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4051. [PMID: 37764834 PMCID: PMC10535008 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have investigated the impact of calcium homeostasis on psychiatric disorders; however, the causality of associations is yet to be established. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of calcium homeostasis hormones was conducted on nine psychiatric disorders. Calcium, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25OHD), parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 are the major calcium homeostasis hormones. The causality was evaluated by the inverse variance weighted method (IVW) and the MR Steiger test, while Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, funnel plot, and the leave-one-out method were used for sensitivity analyses. Bonferroni correction was used to determine the causative association features (p < 6.94 × 10-4). Schizophrenia (SCZ) was significantly associated with decreased 25OHD concentrations with an estimated effect of -0.0164 (Prandom-effect IVW = 2.39 × 10-7). In the Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis adjusting for potentially confounding traits including body mass index, obesity, mineral supplements (calcium, fish oil, and vitamin D) and outdoor time (winter and summer), the relationship between SCZ and 25OHD remained. The genetically predicted autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder were also nominally associated with decreased 25OHD. This study provided evidence for a causal effect of psychiatric disorders on calcium homeostasis. The clinical monitoring of 25OHD levels in patients with psychiatric disorders is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiheng Yan
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xianjing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Lange KW, Lange KM, Nakamura Y, Reissmann A. Nutrition in the Management of ADHD: A Review of Recent Research. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:383-394. [PMID: 37505402 PMCID: PMC10444659 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Various nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD. RECENT FINDINGS Preliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to "healthy" diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet (or oligoantigenic diet) with an elimination of individually identified food items show substantially improved behavior and cognitive functioning. Evidence from recent research does not allow any recommendations regarding the use of micronutrients or probiotics in the management of ADHD. The few-foods diet may become an additional therapeutic option for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W. Lange
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Reissmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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Awadu JE, Giordani B, Sikorskii A, Abbo C, Fenton JI, Zalwango S, Ezeamama AE. Vitamin D and Probability of Developmental Disorders among Perinatally HIV-Affected and Unaffected Ugandan Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:2020. [PMID: 37432158 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with higher developmental disorder probability in 604 children with perinatal HIV infection (CPHIV, n = 199), HIV exposed and uninfected (CHEU, n = 196), and HIV unexposed uninfected (CHUU, n = 201). Children at 6-18 years old and their adult caregivers were assessed at enrollment, 6, and 12-month follow-ups. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD) levels in children quantified per the NHANES protocol were used to define VD categories as VDD (25OHD < 20 ng/mL), VD insufficient (VDI, 20 ≤ 25OHD ≤ 25 ng/mL), and VD sufficient (VDS = reference group if 25OHD > 25 ng/mL). Perinatal HIV status per DNA polymerase chain reaction/HIV rapid diagnostic tests included: CPHIV, CHEU, and CHUU. Developmental stage was defined as pre-adolescent (age < 11) vs. adolescent (age ≥ 11) years. Caregiver responses to standardized questions from Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3), were used to calculate probability scores for four disorders, namely: autism (ASD), attention deficit & hyperactivity (ADHD), emotional behavioral disorder (EBD), functional impairment (FI), and resiliency at 0, 6 and 12 months. Multivariable longitudinal models estimated VD-associated standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in respective probability scores in Statistical Analysis Software (v.9.4). Baseline VDD vs. VDS predicted higher probability scores of moderate clinical importance for ASD, ADHD, EBD, and higher FI among pre-adolescents (SMD = 0.32 to 0.40, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.74). VDD was not associated with resiliency or any developmental disorders among adolescents. VDD predicted higher developmental disorder and FI scores over 12 months in a developmental stage-dependent manner. This relationship requires further understanding to appropriately target future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorem E Awadu
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Catherine Abbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala 00256, Uganda
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Sarah Zalwango
- Directorate of Public Health and Environment, Kampala Capital City Authority, Kampala 00256, Uganda
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10
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ESNAFOGLU E. Investigation of the relationship between vitamin D and peripheral inflammatory parameters in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2023. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.1179272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and some nutritional factors such as vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and ferritin, which play a role in the pathogenesis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), on inflammation, which is also claimed to play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
Materials and methods: 39 ADHD and 39 healthy controls were compared with similar age, gender and BMI. The severity of the disease was evaluated with the Turgay ADHD scale. Inflammatory and nutritional parameters were measured routinely.
Results: In the patient group, Vitamin D was found to be significantly lower (p
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11
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da Silva BS, Grevet EH, Silva LCF, Ramos JKN, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD. An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:2. [PMID: 37861876 PMCID: PMC10501041 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, which leads to impairments in the social, academic, and professional contexts. ADHD diagnosis relies solely on clinical assessment based on symptom evaluation and is sometimes challenging due to the substantial heterogeneity of the disorder in terms of clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Despite the difficulties imposed by the high complexity of ADHD etiology, the growing body of research and technological advances provide good perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder. Such knowledge is essential to refining diagnosis and identifying new therapeutic options to optimize treatment outcomes and associated impairments, leading to improvements in all domains of patient care. This review is intended to be an updated outline that addresses the etiological and neurobiological aspects of ADHD and its treatment, considering the impact of the "omics" era on disentangling the multifactorial architecture of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carolina Fagundes Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Neves Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Blasco-Fontecilla H, Menéndez-García Á, Sanchez-Sanchez F, Bella-Fernández M. Lack of educational impact of video game addiction in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136671. [PMID: 37151982 PMCID: PMC10157203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of video games has become widespread worldwide. Excessive use of video games is increasingly becoming a matter of concern, particularly in patients diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Currently, internet gaming disorder (IGD) is not included within the DSM-5-chapter Disorders related to substances and addictive disorders. Methods This is a post-hoc descriptive naturalistic study comparing children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD with and without IGD. We used the 85% cut-off point of the test ADITEC-V for video game addiction to split our sample of ADHD patients into those with IGD (>=85%) and those without IGD (<85%). Results 13 (25%) out of the 51 children and adolescents with ADHD included in our study had an IGD. Patients with IGD had a first contact with internet, smartphones, and videogames at a very early age (5.67 ± 3.31, 6.33 ± 4.60, and 7.50 ± 2.61, respectively). However, only age at first contact with the internet was statistically significantly different when comparing ADHD patients with and without IGD (8.68 ± 2.71 vs. 5.67 ± 3.31, t = 3.166, df = 47, p = 0.01). Different neurodevelopmental, clinical, and neuropsychological measures converging in impulsivity is a risk factor for IGD. Unexpectedly, we found no association between IGD and poor academic achievement. Discussion Future studies may include randomized controlled trials for treating IGD, the study of social adjustment as a protective factor against developing an IGD, and the role of serious and non-serious video games in the development of an IGD, among others. Additional research is clearly needed on IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
- Spain Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Korian, ITA Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla,
| | - Ángela Menéndez-García
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Bella-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Comillas, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Lower plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:36-43. [PMID: 36228390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced during bacterial fermentation, have been shown to be mediators in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis has been proposed to influence psychiatric symptoms seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is no report of plasma SCFA concentrations in ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the plasma concentrations of SCFAs in children and adults with ADHD and the possible factors that could influence those levels. We collected data on age group, sex, serum vitamin D levels, delivery mode, body mass index, diet, medication and blood samples from 233 ADHD patients and 36 family-related healthy controls. The concentrations of SCFAs and the intermediary metabolite succinic acid, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adults with ADHD had lower plasma concentrations of formic, acetic, propionic and succinic acid than their healthy family members. When adjusting for SCFA-influential factors among those with ADHD, children had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and isovaleric acid than adults, and those who had more antibiotic medications during the last 2 years had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and succinic acid. When adjusting for antibiotic medication, we found that among children, those currently on stimulant medication had lower acetic and propionic acid levels, and adults with ADHD had lower formic and propionic acid concentrations than adult healthy family members. In all, our findings show lower-than-normal plasma concentrations of SCFAs in ADHD explained in-part by antibiotic medication, age and stimulant medication. Whether or not this is of clinical significance is yet to be explored.
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14
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Rothenberger A, Heinrich H. Co-Occurrence of Tic Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Does It Reflect a Common Neurobiological Background? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112950. [PMID: 36428518 PMCID: PMC9687745 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TD + ADHD) has proven to be highly important in daily clinical practice. The factor ADHD is not only associated with further comorbidities, but also has a long-term negative psychosocial effect, while the factor TD is usually less disturbing for the major part of the patients. It remains unclear how far this is related to a different neurobiological background of the associated disorders or whether TD + ADHD reflects a common one. OBJECTIVE This review provides an update on the neurobiological background of TD + ADHD in order to better understand and treat this clinical problem, while clarifying whether an additive model of TD + ADHD holds true and should be used as a basis for further clinical recommendations. METHOD A comprehensive research of the literature was conducted and analyzed, including existing clinical guidelines for both TD and ADHD. Besides genetical and environmental risk factors, brain structure and functions, neurophysiological processes and neurotransmitter systems were reviewed. RESULTS Only a limited number of empirical studies on the neurobiological background of TD and ADHD have taken the peculiarity of co-existing TD + ADHD into consideration, and even less studies have used a 2 × 2 factorial design in order to disentangle the impact/effects of the factors of TD versus those of ADHD. Nevertheless, the assumption that TD + ADHD can best be seen as an additive model at all levels of investigation was strengthened, although some overlap of more general, disorder non-specific aspects seem to exist. CONCLUSION Beyond stress-related transdiagnostic aspects, separate specific disturbances in certain neuronal circuits may lead to disorder-related symptoms inducing TD + ADHD in an additive way. Hence, within a classificatory categorical framework, the dimensional aspects of multilevel diagnostic-profiling seem to be a helpful precondition for personalized decisions on counselling and disorder-specific treatment in TD + ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- Neurocare Group, 80331 Munich, Germany
- Kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, 81539 Munich, Germany
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, 6524 AD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Meneguzzo P, Mancini C, Ormitti A, Garolla A, Bonello E, Donini LM, Todisco P. Impulsivity and eating disorders: The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and different impulsivity facets in a transdiagnostic sample. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:401-409. [PMID: 34842504 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2011404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eating disorders (EDs) are severe psychiatric conditions characterised by malnutrition, dysfunctional behaviours, and hypovitaminosis D. In various psychiatric conditions, including EDs, preliminary evidence has correlated impulsivity to a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. This study aims to reinforce this evidence by examining different facets, both behavioural and psychological, of the impulsivity construct in patients with ED. METHODS A sample of 119 women was evaluated with a validated questionnaire and computerised neuropsychological tasks: the UPPS-P impulsive behaviour scale, a go/no-go task, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). A clinical evaluation for EDs and blood sample collection were also performed to assess specific psychopathology and determine the serum level of 25(OH)D. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between serum levels of 25(OH)D and BART scores (p = 0.012) and lack of perseverance (p = 0.034). Moreover, regression analyses showed that higher BART scores may be explained by hypovitaminosis D and higher levels of lack of perseverance in patients with EDs. CONCLUSIONS The specific aspect of impulsivity linked to goal strategy and behaviours may be explained in patients with EDs by hypovitaminosis D. A possible connection to the brain inflammatory system is also discussed, along with possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meneguzzo
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Experimental Medicine Department, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Ormitti
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy
| | - Alice Garolla
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonello
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Experimental Medicine Department, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Todisco
- Eating Disorders Unit, Casa di Cura "Villa Margherita", Arcugnano, Italy
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Bond M, Moll N, Rosello A, Bond R, Schnell J, Burger B, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A, Schrag A, Kocovska E, Martino D, Mueller N, Schwarz M, Meier UC. Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a multicentre study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-12. [PMID: 33851280 PMCID: PMC9343310 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether vitamin D is associated with the presence or severity of chronic tic disorders and their psychiatric comorbidities. This cross-sectional study compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (ng/ml) levels among three groups: children and adolescents (3-16 years) with CTD (n = 327); first-degree relatives (3-10 years) of individuals with CTD who were assessed for a period of up to 7 years for possible onset of tics and developed tics within this period (n = 31); and first-degree relatives who did not develop tics and were ≥ 10 years old at their last assessment (n = 93). The relationship between 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of tics, as well as comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were analysed controlling for age, sex, season, centre, latitude, family relatedness, and comorbidities. When comparing the CTD cohort to the unaffected cohort, the observed result was contrary to the one expected: a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds of having CTD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27-3.42, p < 0.01). There was no association between 25(OH)D and tic severity. However, a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with lower odds of having comorbid ADHD within the CTD cohort (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.84, p = 0.01) and was inversely associated with ADHD symptom severity (β = - 2.52, 95% CI - 4.16-0.88, p < 0.01). In conclusion, lower vitamin D levels were not associated with a higher presence or severity of tics but were associated with the presence and severity of comorbid ADHD in children and adolescents with CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Bond
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Natalie Moll
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alicia Rosello
- Statistics, Modelling and Economic Department, National Infection Service, PHE, London, UK ,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rod Bond
- University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jaana Schnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianka Burger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Kocovska
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Norbert Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute-Christiane Meier
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Luo X, Wu F, Wang C, Wen C. Analysis of Development Trends of the Research Hotspots of Vitamin D in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:899844. [PMID: 35601441 PMCID: PMC9120835 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.899844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using multivariate statistics and social network analysis techniques, we present a realistic and intuitive visualization of the research hotspots and development trends of vitamin D in children. METHODS The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term "vitamin D" was used to search all the publications (the study subjects were 0-18 years old) included in PubMed by time period. The subject terms for each development stage were extracted, the high-frequency subject terms were extracted using the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB), and a core subject term co-occurrence matrix was established. The Netdraw function of Ucinet 6.0 software was used to complete the social network drawing of the core subject term co-occurrence matrix to form a co-word network diagram composed of core subject terms. RESULTS Prior to 1979, there were 890 papers with 1,899 core subject terms; from 2010 to 2020, there were 3,773 papers with 12,682 core subject terms. Before 1979, the research direction of vitamin D in children focused on vitamin D in the classical regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. From 1980 to 1989, studies focused on vitamin D metabolites and therapeutic drugs such as "calcitriol" and "calcifediol." From 1990 to 1999, studies focused on "calcitriol" and its association with "psoriasis," "chronic renal failure," and "dermatological drugs." From 2000 to 2009, studies focused on "vitamin D" and "vitamin D deficiency." From 2010 to 2020, studies focused on "vitamin D3" and its association with "vitamins," "bone mineral density protectants," "asthma," "obesity," "pregnancy complications" and "fetal blood." CONCLUSION Since 2010, the research direction of vitamin D in children has been growing rapidly, and the overall development trend is good. Studies extend from the study of the skeletal effect of vitamin D to the study of its extraskeletal effect and the investigation of mechanisms of its association with related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Chu SH, Huang M, Kelly RS, Kachroo P, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su J. Circulating levels of maternal vitamin D and risk of ADHD in offspring: results from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 51:910-918. [PMID: 34534293 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] have been shown to associate with prevalent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have examined the association between 25(OH)D during fetal development and risk of childhood ADHD. METHODS Maternal plasma 25(OH)D was measured at 10-18 and 32-38 weeks of gestation, with sufficiency defined as 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml. Offspring ADHD status between ages 6-9 years was measured by parent report of clinical ADHD diagnosis among 680 mother-child pairs from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. Association between maternal 25(OH)D and child ADHD was assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, race and ethnicity. Effect modification by offspring sex was also assessed. RESULTS No associations between maternal 25(OH)D at 10-18 weeks of gestation and offspring ADHD were observed. In the third trimester, we observed associations between maternal vitamin D sufficiency and offspring ADHD [odds ratio (OR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.84], in addition to maternal 25(OH)D sufficiency category, comparing the deficient (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.94), insufficient (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.15-1.10) and sufficient (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.54) categories against highly deficient 25(OH)D, respectively. Stratified analyses revealed a protective association for sufficient maternal 25(OH)D and child ADHD among males (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.94); the synergy index for additive effect modification of risk was 1.78 (95% CI 0.62-5.08). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of maternal vitamin D in the third trimester are associated with lower risk of ADHD in offspring, with modest evidence for a stronger effect among male offspring. However, larger studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su H Chu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengna Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Personalized Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Libuda L, Naaresh R, Ludwig C, Laabs BH, Antel J, Föcker M, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Peters T. A mendelian randomization study on causal effects of 25(OH)vitamin D levels on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2581-2591. [PMID: 33245439 PMCID: PMC8275531 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While observational studies revealed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the causality of this relationship remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to examine whether 25(OH)D has an effect on the risk to develop ADHD or vice versa. Information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with serum 25(OH)D was obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) considering phenotype data from 79,366 individuals of European ancestry. Data on risk for ADHD were derived from a GWAS analysis with 20,183 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,191 controls. For our analysis, we considered effect sizes based on the European participants (19,099 cases and 34,194 controls). RESULTS Single SNP analyses showed a causal effect of vitamin D on ADHD risk for only one SNP (rs12785878, p = 0.024). The overall MR estimates did not reveal a causal effect of 25(OH)D on risk for ADHD. In the reverse analysis, neither any single nor the multi-SNP MR analyses showed a causal effect of ADHD on 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION Results from this two-sample MR study did not confirm a causal effect of 25(OH)D on ADHD or vice versa. Accordingly, our study does not provide evidence that improving 25(OH)D via supplementation could reduce the risk of developing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergies and Respiratory Diseases in Childhood, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483, Wesel, Germany.
| | - Roaa Naaresh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Ludwig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Zhou P, Wolraich ML, Cao AH, Jia FY, Liu B, Zhu L, Liu Y, Li X, Li C, Peng B, Yang T, Chen J, Cheng Q, Li T, Chen L. Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050541. [PMID: 34135055 PMCID: PMC8211063 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.72%. Nevertheless, it has been reported that patients with ADHD tend to exhibit vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency, which may aggravate the symptoms of ADHD. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on the symptoms of ADHD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a parallel, prospective, interventional multicentric study. Patients will be enrolled from the southern, central and northern parts of China. A target of 504 patients will be followed for 8 weeks. They will be allocated into three groups (vitamin AD, vitamin D and placebo) and administered the interventions accordingly. Data on changes in the symptoms of ADHD as well as changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D will be recorded. Both responders and nonresponders based on the sociodemographic and clinical data will also be described to mitigate selection bias. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval number: (2019) IRB (STUDY) number 262). The results of the trial will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and academic conferences regardless of the outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04284059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Lee Wolraich
- Section of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ai-Hua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Research, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Child Care, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Public Health and Management, Department of Health Statistics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Division of Growth, Development and Mental health of Children and Adolescence, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Hemamy M, Pahlavani N, Amanollahi A, Islam SMS, McVicar J, Askari G, Malekahmadi M. The effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on the mental health status of attention-deficit hyperactive children: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33865361 PMCID: PMC8052751 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity. Studies have shown deficiencies in the serum level of magnesium and vitamin D in people with ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on mental health in children with ADHD. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 66 children with ADHD. Participants were randomly allocated to receive both vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) plus magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) supplements (n = 33) or placebos (n = 33) for 8-weeks. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to evaluate children's mental health at baseline and the end of the study. RESULTS After eight weeks of intervention, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and magnesium increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. Also, children receiving vitamin D plus magnesium showed a significant reduction in emotional problems (p = 0.001), conduct problems (p = 0.002), peer problems (p = 0.001), prosocial score (p = 0.007), total difficulties (p = 0.001), externalizing score (p = 0.001), and internalizing score (p = 0.001) compared with children treated with the placebo. CONCLUSION Vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) and magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) co-supplementation for a duration of 8-weeks could improve the behavioral function and mental health of children with ADHD. However, further well-designed studies with a larger sample size are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2016030326886N1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hemamy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Amanollahi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shriful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenna McVicar
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Sucksdorff M, Brown AS, Chudal R, Surcel HM, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Cheslack-Postava K, Gyllenberg D, Sourander A. Maternal Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:142-151.e2. [PMID: 31863882 PMCID: PMC8330061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of vitamin D in the development of the central nervous system. Some studies have shown an association between maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms based on parent or teacher ratings. There are no previous studies on early pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the risk of diagnosed offspring ADHD. Our aim was to examine maternal 25(OH)D levels in early pregnancy and offspring ADHD. METHOD In this nationwide population-based case-control study, 1,067 ADHD cases (born between 1998 and 1999 and diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases) and 1,067 matched controls were identified from Finnish registers. Maternal 25(OH)D levels were measured using quantitative immunoassay from maternal sera, collected during the first trimester and archived in the national biobank. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between maternal 25(OH)D and offspring ADHD. RESULTS There was a significant association between decreasing log-transformed maternal 25(OH)D levels and offspring ADHD both in the unadjusted analyses (odds ratio 1.65; 95% CI 1.33-2.05; p < .001) and in the analyses adjusting for maternal socioeconomic status and age (odds ratio 1.45; 95% CI 1.15-1.81; p = .002). Analyses by quintiles of maternal 25(OH)D levels in the lowest versus highest quintile revealed an adjusted odds ratio for offspring ADHD of 1.53 (95% CI 1.11-2.12; p = .010). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an association between low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy and an elevated risk for offspring ADHD. If replicated in independent samples, this finding may have significant public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Sucksdorff
- University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Alan S Brown
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, and Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - David Gyllenberg
- University of Turku, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Finland; Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Finland.
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23
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Li HH, Yue XJ, Wang CX, Feng JY, Wang B, Jia FY. Serum Levels of Vitamin A and Vitamin D and Their Association With Symptoms in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599958. [PMID: 33329153 PMCID: PMC7719622 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To measure levels of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) and the symptomatic association of their co-deficiencies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Chinese children (6-9 years). Methods: Eighty-two children (69 boys and 13 girls; mean age = 7.1 ± 0.9 years at the time of the diagnosis) with ADHD were recruited as ADHD group. A total of 106 healthy children were recruited as the healthy control (HC) group. Serum levels of retinol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of all children were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) was employed to assess the clinical symptoms of ADHD. Results: Children suffering from ADHD had significantly reduced serum levels of retinol and 25(OH)D compared with those of HCs, and the prevalence of VA deficiency and VD deficiency were higher in children suffering from ADHD. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol were linked closely with the presence or absence of ADHD after adjustment for age, body mass index, season of blood sampling, and sun exposure. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol showed a negative correlation with the total scores of SNAP-IV. Children with ADHD as well as VA and VD co-deficiency had increased SNAP-IV total scores and ADHD inattention subscale scores. Conclusion: VA deficiency and VD deficiency in children with ADHD were increased in comparison with that in HCs. VA and VD co-deficiency associated with ADHD symptom severity. Attention should be paid to regular testing of VA levels and VD levels. However, the mechanism of VA and VD in ADHD needs to be further studied. Interventional studies on VA and VD supplementation are recommended to further verify the relationship between VA and VD co-deficiency and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yue
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Yan Feng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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24
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Edlow AG, Guedj F, Sverdlov D, Pennings JLA, Bianchi DW. Significant Effects of Maternal Diet During Pregnancy on the Murine Fetal Brain Transcriptome and Offspring Behavior. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1335. [PMID: 31920502 PMCID: PMC6928003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal over- and undernutrition in pregnancy plays a critical role in fetal brain development and function. The effects of different maternal diet compositions on intrauterine programing of the fetal brain is a lesser-explored area. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of two chowmaternal diets on fetal brain gene expression signatures, fetal/neonatal growth, and neonatal and adult behavior in a mouse model. METHODS Throughout pregnancy and lactation, female C57Bl/6J mice were fed one of two standard, commercially available chow diets (pellet versus powder). The powdered chow diet was relatively deficient in micronutrients and enriched for carbohydrates and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the pelleted chow. RNA was extracted from embryonic day 15.5 forebrains and hybridized to whole genome expression microarrays (N = 5/maternal diet group). Functional analyses of significantly differentially expressed fetal brain genes were performed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Neonatal behavior was assessed using a validated scale (N = 62 pellet-exposed and 31 powder-exposed). Hippocampal learning, locomotor behavior, and motor coordination were assessed in a subset of adults using fear conditioning, open field testing, and Rotarod tests (N = 16 pellet-exposed, 14 powder-exposed). RESULTS Comparing powdered to pelleted chow diets, neither maternal weight trajectory in pregnancy nor embryo size differed. Maternal powdered chow diet was associated with 1647 differentially expressed fetal brain genes. Functional analyses identified significant upregulation of canonical pathways and upstream regulators involved in cell cycle regulation, synaptic plasticity, and sensory nervous system development in the fetal brain, and significant downregulation of pathways related to cell and embryo death. Pathways related to DNA damage response, brain immune response, amino acid and fatty acid transport, and dopaminergic signaling were significantly dysregulated. Powdered chow-exposed neonates were significantly longer but not heavier than pelleted chow-exposed counterparts. On neonatal behavioral testing, powdered chow-exposed neonates achieved coordination- and strength-related milestones significantly earlier, but sensory maturation reflexes significantly later. On adult behavioral testing, powdered chow-exposed offspring exhibited hyperactivity and hippocampal learning deficits. CONCLUSION In wild-type offspring, two diets that differed primarily with respect to micronutrient composition had significant effects on the fetal brain transcriptome, neonatal and adult behavior. These effects did not appear to be mediated by alterations in gross maternal nutritional status nor fetal/neonatal weight. Maternal dietary content is an important variable to consider for investigators evaluating fetal brain development and offspring behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Edlow
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Faycal Guedj
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deanna Sverdlov
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Diana W. Bianchi
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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