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Duan S, Zhang W, Li Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Jin W, Liu Q, Li M, Sun W, Chen L, Xu H, Tang J, Hou J, Deng Z, Yang F, Ma S, He Z. Coxsackievirus B3 HFMD animal models in Syrian hamster and rhesus monkey. Virol Sin 2024; 39:290-300. [PMID: 38331038 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which manifests across a spectrum of clinical severity from mild to severe. However, CVB3-infected mouse models mainly demonstrate viral myocarditis and pancreatitis, failing to replicate human HFMD symptoms. Although several enteroviruses have been evaluated in Syrian hamsters and rhesus monkeys, there is no comprehensive data on CVB3. In this study, we have first tested the susceptibility of Syrian hamsters to CVB3 infection via different routes. The results showed that Syrian hamsters were successfully infected with CVB3 by intraperitoneal injection or nasal drip, leading to nasopharyngeal colonization, acute severe pathological injury, and typical HFMD symptoms. Notably, the nasal drip group exhibited a longer viral excretion cycle and more severe pathological damage. In the subsequent study, rhesus monkeys infected with CVB3 through nasal drips also presented signs of HFMD symptoms, viral excretion, serum antibody conversion, viral nucleic acids and antigens, and the specific organ damages, particularly in the heart. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in myocardial enzyme levels, and the clinical symptoms resembled those often associated with common, mild infections. In summary, the study successfully developed severe Syrian hamsters and mild rhesus monkey models for CVB3-induced HFMD. These models could serve as a basis for understanding the disease pathogenesis, conducting pre-trial prevention and evaluation, and implementing post-exposure intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Duan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lixiong Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Hongjie Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jinghan Hou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zijun Deng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Primate Research Center Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Zhang Q, Yuan J, Zhao W, Ouyang W, Chen B, Li Y, Tao J, Chen X, Li G, Guo Z, Liu Y. Coxsackie B virus-induced myocarditis in a patient with a history of lymphoma: A case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37248. [PMID: 38457543 PMCID: PMC10919497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In rare occasions, coxsackievirus infections can cause serious illness, such as encephalitis and myocarditis. The immunotherapies of cancer could increase the risk of myocarditis, especially when applying immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report a rare case of Coxsackie B virus-induced myocarditis in a patient with a history of lymphoma. CASE PRESENTATION A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with recurrent fever for more than 20 days, and she had a history of lymphoma. Before admission, the positron emission tomography/computed tomography result indicated that the patient had no tumor progression, and she was not considered the cancer-related fever upon arriving at our hospital. Patient's red blood cell, platelet count, and blood pressure were decreased. In addition, she had sinus bradycardia and 3 branch blocks, which was consistent with acute high lateral and anterior wall myocardial infarction. During hospitalization, the patient had recurrent arrhythmia, repeated sweating, poor mentation, dyspnea, and Coxsackie B virus were detected in patient's blood samples by pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing. The creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide were persistently elevated. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with viral myocarditis induced by Coxsackie B virus, and treated with acyclovir, gamma globulin combined with methylprednisolone shock therapy, trimetazidine, levosimendan, sildenan, continuous pump pressors with m-hydroxylamine, entecavir, adefovir, glutathione, pantoprazole, and low-molecular-weight heparin. Her symptoms worsened and died. CONCLUSION We reported a case with a history of lymphoma presented with fever, myocardial injury, who was ultimately diagnosed with Coxsackie B virus-induced myocarditis. Moreover, pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing indeed exhibited higher sensitivity compared to mNGS in detecting Coxsackie B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yehong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junling Tao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangsu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Beijing Goldstandard Medicine Independent Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Duan X, Zhang C, Chen Z, Liao J, Zeng Y, Huang W, Ren X, Tang X, Peng H, Zhang D, Wang X, Yuan P, Long L. Dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease: a protocol for longitudinal study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:162. [PMID: 35184744 PMCID: PMC8858587 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of virus shedding is necessary for determining the infectious period. But there were few quantitative studies on the changes of viral load and the law of the viral shedding in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients has not yet been clarified. METHODS This study will prospectively recruit coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) infected inpatients from January 2022 to December 2022. A series of samples and questionnaire information will be collected regularly to establish the dynamic function relationship between time and viral load changes and a Bayesian multilevel model will be constructed to clarify the evolvement rules which reflect the dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in patients with HFMD. DISCUSSION The results of this study is expected to further clarify the evolvement rules which reflect the dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in HFMD patients under the influence of related factors. It can also provide important evidence for the scientific definition of the infectious period and isolation period of HFMD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoyong Zhang
- Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilan Zeng
- Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueling Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Delan Zhang
- Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin south road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Duan X, Chen Z, Li X, Yuan P, Long L. Virus Shedding in Patients With Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Induced by EV71, CA16 or CA6: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:289-294. [PMID: 33181780 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the highly contagious hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) spreads rapidly among children, isolation is the most effective way to control its spread. However, studies on the duration of virus shedding of the HFMD-related enterovirus and a reasonable quarantine period for HFMD patients are inconsistent. METHODS We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the viral shedding of patients with HFMD caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and coxsackievirus A6. RESULTS A total of 17 observational studies evaluating 626 participants were included. In the first 5 weeks after onset, the pooled virus positive rate in specimens of EV71-related patients decreased from 0.79 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity) to 0.38 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). The positive rate of CVA16 was reduced from 0.91 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity) to 0.29 (P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). The positive rates of CVA16 and coxsackievirus A6 were approximately 50% in the third week after onset, while a 50% positive rate appeared in the fourth week in EV71 related cases. CONCLUSIONS We found the positive rates of virus shedding were still high among the patients released from quarantine, and the duration of viral shedding was inconsistent among HFMD patients caused by different serotypes. Our findings provide comprehensive evidence for a possible flexible quarantine period according to the serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Duan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianzhi Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Ping Yuan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Lu Long
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Li X, Wang Q, Chen Z, Duan X, Han Y, Luan R, Long L. Viral shedding in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease induced by EV71, CA16, or CA6: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21258. [PMID: 32702909 PMCID: PMC7373557 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been an important public health concern worldwide, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. Unfortunately, the effect of current measures on preventing and controlling HFMD may be limited. Isolation of infectious sources is reported as an important way to prevent and control this disease. The isolation period is determined on the basis of duration of viral shedding in patients with HFMD. However, the results of previous researches on duration of viral shedding remain controversial. Here, we present a protocol of a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis for assessing the duration of viral shedding in patients with HFMD induced by Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), or Coxsackievirus A6 (CA6). METHODS AND ANALYSIS A comprehensive literature search will be performed in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Wanfang Database, covering the period from inception to May 1, 2019. Point estimate of positive rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EV71, CA16, or CA6 in HFMD patients' fecal or throat samples will be carried out using STATA 14.0. Subgroup analyses will be performed for mild cases, severe cases, and close contacts. Sensitive analysis will also be performed to evaluate the influences of individual studies on the final effect by exclusion of a few articles of poor quality. We will assess the risk of bias for the final studies included in our meta-analysis using previously available tools and the modified risk of bias tool. RESULTS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this paper will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing the duration of viral shedding in patients with HFMD induced by EV71, CA16, or CA6. The conclusions drawn from this review will provide the scientific basis to formulate the isolation period of HFMD. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical review is not required as this article is for a systematic review since there is no direct involvement of patients in the whole process. We will publish the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis of single-arm studies in a peer-reviewed journal. REGISTRATION NUMBER Prospero CRD42020139999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Chengdu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Yutong Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Rongsheng Luan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Lee JY, Seo Y, Choi UY, Kim JH, Kang JH. Seroepidemiology of echovirus 30 in Korean children. World J Pediatr 2017; 13:611-614. [PMID: 28766163 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although aseptic meningitis associated with echovirus type 30 has emerged as a global public health concern, no data have been reported on Children's immune status against echovirus type 30. The current study aimed to investigate the seropositivity among Korean children for antibodies against echovirus 30. METHODS Two hundred and fifty residual serum samples were collected at St. Paul's Hospital. Individuals were categorized by age into four groups: group 1 (3 months-2 years), group 2 (3-6 years), group 3 (7-10 years) and group 4 (11-15 years). Neutralizing antibodies against echovirus 30 were measured. RESULTS Seroprotective neutralizing antibodies against echovirus 30 were detected in 129 (49%) individuals. Seropositivity rates were 23%, 48%, 55% and 73% in groups 1-4, respectively. For antibody titers, 1:256-1:512 was the highest neutralizing antibody titer range in group 2, while 1:1024-1:2048 in group 3 and 4. Among the seropositive individuals in group 3 and 4, 6% and 12% had neutralizing antibody titers of 1:2048, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The seropositivity rate increased significantly with age. The distribution of neutralizing antibody titers varied by age group, and higher ranges of neutralizing antibody titers were observed in higher age groups. These findings suggest high susceptibility to echovirus 30 infection in children younger than 2 years old. Echovirus 30 infection in childhood may have contributed to increased neutralizing antibody titers with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pediatrics, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 180, Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02559, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Qin B, Yan Q, Chen X, Xu X, Wang Y, Chen J, Dong X. Enterovirus 71 infection impairs the reproductive capacity of female mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:403-409. [PMID: 28672946 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD); however, no clinically approved vaccine or antiviral treatment is currently available for EV71 infection. In the present study, a murine model of EV71 infection was constructed. The clinical isolates of EV71 were amplified in Vero cells and used to challenge adult mice via hydrodynamic injection (HI) and intraperitoneal injection (IP). Following two challenges, >50% of the mice succumbed to EV71 infection. Surviving female mice were identified to have impaired fertility and their litter sizes were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The antibody against EV71-VP1 persisted in the sera of female mice at a high titer for >2 years after challenge. The maternal antibody in the offspring sera also persisted for ~1 year and disappeared after ~2 years. Results from the present study suggest that a high titer of active EV71 was able to impair the reproductivity of adult female mice, and that high levels of maternal antibody persisted in the offspring and protected postnatal mice from EV71-induced mortality. The promising antigenicity, immunogenicity and reactogenicity of EV71 suggests that it a potential vaccine target that may be beneficial to the control of HFMD, through immunizing infants and women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.,Shaoxing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Yan
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Jinkun Chen
- Shaoxing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Dong
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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