1
|
Holtfreter B, Conrad E, Kocher T, Baumeister SE, Völzke H, Welk A. Interdental cleaning aids are beneficial for oral health at 7-year follow-up: Results from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:252-264. [PMID: 38116705 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate association between the use of interdental cleaning aids (IDAs) and type on 7-year follow-up levels of interdental plaque, interdental gingival inflammation, interdental periodontitis severity, the number of interdental sound surfaces and the number of missing teeth in a population-based cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 7-year follow-up data of 2224 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). We applied generalized linear and ordinal logistic models, adjusting for confounding and selection bias using inverse probability treatment weighting and multiple imputation. RESULTS Flossers were 32% less likely to have higher interdental plaque (iPlaque) levels than non-users of IDAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.94); flossing resulted in 5% lower means of iPlaque. Effects on interdental bleeding on probing (iBOP), mean interdental probing depths and mean interdental clinical attachment levels were direction-consistent but statistically non-significant. Interdental brushing was associated with lower follow-up levels for interdental plaque (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.93) and iBOP (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53-0.89). IDAs were more effective in reducing iPlaque in participants with periodontitis, whereas iBOP reduction was more pronounced in participants with no or mild periodontitis. The analyses did not suggest that the use of IDAs affected caries. Finally, applying change score analyses, flossing reduced tooth loss incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.71) compared with non-users of IDAs. CONCLUSIONS Recommending flossing and interdental brushing in dental practices represents an approach to the prevention of gingivitis and consequently periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Conrad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moghaddam F, Sargeran K, Gholami M, Jamali J, Shamshiri A. Social cognitive predictors of regular dental visits and mouth self-examination behaviors among the elderly population: An application of the health action process approach model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293843. [PMID: 37943824 PMCID: PMC10635496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify the social cognitive predictors of regular dental visits and mouth self-examination behaviors among the elderly population, based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model. BACKGROUND Regular dental visits and mouth self-examination can prevent oral and dental problems among the elders. Little information is available regarding the social cognitive predictive factors of these two behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 municipality centers in Tehran, Iran in 2021. The centers were selected randomly using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and 301 elderly attendants aged 60≥years participated in the study. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the HAPA model constructs for two target behaviors. Data were analyzed using the Smart-PLS version 3.3.9 via correlation and PLS-SEM analysis. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65.3±5.33 years and 79.7% were female. The SEM analysis showed that Action Self-Efficacy [b (SD) = 0.595 (0.065), P< 0.001] and Risk Perception [b (SD) = 0.218 (0.070), P< 0.002] were predictors of Intention for mouth self-examination but only Action Self-Efficacy [b (SD) = 0.651 (0.043), P< 0.001] was predictor of Intention for regular dental visits. Recovery Self-Efficacy and Planning directly contributed to the prediction of Mouth Self-Examination. The relationship between Maintenance Self-Efficacy and both behaviors is mediated by Planning. Also, the mediating role of Planning between Intention and target behaviors was confirmed. CONCLUSION Action self-efficacy predicted the intention for regular dental visits and mouth self-examination behaviors. The relationship between intention and both behaviors was mediated by Planning. Emphasis on improving Action Self-Efficacy and Intention formation will enhance the effectiveness of interventions aiming at promoting the oral health of the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moghaddam
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Sargeran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdia Gholami
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Shamshiri
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Nes KA, van der Ark LA, van Loveren C, Aartman IHA. Construction of a questionnaire based on the Health Action Process Approach for psycho-social cognitive determinants of parents in brushing children's teeth in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289337. [PMID: 37535634 PMCID: PMC10399854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health action process approach (HAPA) model is promising to increase the frequency of brushing children's teeth by parents to improve their children's oral health. A validated HAPA questionnaire is needed as one of the measures of the effects of such an intervention. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether our data, based on a translated and adopted version of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)-based questionnaire on dental flossing, supported the constructs of the HAPA model. If so, a next aim was to assess whether these constructs could be measured reliably. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 269 questionnaires filled out in dental offices by parents of children 1-10 years old were analysed. Scale validation was performed according to the 6-step protocol of Dima, including Mokken scale analyses (MSA), graded response model (GRM), factor analyses and reliability measures. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify divergent validity and test-retest reliability. RESULTS MSA showed a unidimensional, medium total scale. Three items were removed based on this analysis. The total scale with the remaining 26 items did not fit the GRM. Factor analysis extracted five factors and two components for the total scale. The separate subscales, except the 'intention' construct, fitted the MSA and did not fit the GRM. The data fitted a seven-factor model better than a one-factor model. Reliability measures varied from acceptable to excellent, but were poor for 'action control'. Test-retest reliability (r's 0.60-0.83) was questionable to good. CONCLUSION Our results did not fully support the constructs of the HAPA model. To support the HAPA constructs, modification to the subscales risk perceptions, intention, action planning, action control and self-reported behaviour are suggested. With these adjustments, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire could be significantly improved".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Alexandra van Nes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Andries van der Ark
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The impact of lifestyle factors has been increasingly studied and discussed in oral healthcare. Positive lifestyle factors are important in maintaining oral health or controlling disease, but they are not easy to adopt over the long term. Along with public health initiatives within communities and groups, there is a role for behavior change interventions delivered in dental practice settings to improve the periodontal health of individuals. Behavior management is now seen as a part of both prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases. This article summarizes the evidence on behavioral strategies for periodontal health to inform and assist oral healthcare professionals in implementing behavior change in their practice. In addition, strategies for education and training in communication and behavior change techniques are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean E. Suvan
- Unit of PeriodontologyEastman Dental Institute, University College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Maja Sabalic
- Unit of PeriodontologyEastman Dental Institute, University College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Mário R. Araújo
- Department of Dental HygieneEscola Superior de Saúde de PortalegrePortalegrePortugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Allen F, Fan SY, Loke WM, Na TM, Keng Yan GL, Mittal R. The relationship between self-efficacy and oral health status of older adults. J Dent 2022; 122:104085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
6
|
Santos-Puerta N, Peñacoba-Puente C. Pain and Avoidance during and after Endodontic Therapy: The Role of Pain Anticipation and Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031399. [PMID: 35162422 PMCID: PMC8834740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pain anticipation has been identified as a predictor of pain and avoidance with respect to endodontic therapy. Self-efficacy is also key to the development and maintenance of health behaviors and achieve patient adherence to treatment. However, the role of self-efficacy has not been studied yet in endodontic treatment. Methods: This study was conducted on 101 patients who needed root canal therapy. They had to fill a questionnaire before treatment registered pain anticipation and self-efficacy; during and after treatment were registered pain intensity and avoidance. Results: Pain anticipation explained pain during (Beta = 0.51, t = 5.82, p ≤ 0.001, [0.34, 0.69]) and after treatment (Beta = 0.38, t = 4.35, p ≤ 0.001, [0.21, 0.55]). Self-efficacy did not have an influence in pain values. Pain anticipation explained avoidance during (Beta = 0.51, t = 3.60, p ≤ 0.001, [0.23, 0.80]) and after treatment (Beta = 0.62, t = 4.29, p ≤ 0.001, [0.33, 0.91]). Self-efficacy had a significant role in avoidance during treatment (Beta = 0.12, t = 2.19, p ≤ 0.03, [0.01, 0.23]) with a strong moderation relationship between pain anticipation and avoidance when self-efficacy was medium (Beta = 0.44, t = 3.24, p = 0.002, [0.17, 0.72]) or high (Beta = 0.84, t = 3.5, p ≤ 0.001, [0.37, 1.33]). Self-efficacy was not significant respect to avoidance after treatment. Conclusions: Self-efficacy is an important variable in endodontic therapy due to their moderating effect between pain anticipation and avoidance behavior during the procedure. It is necessary to improve the results of root canal therapy and reduce patient’s avoidance in order to take into account this variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Santos-Puerta
- Ph.D Program for Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos Doctoral College, C/Quintana, 2, 28008 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-4888-864
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shirzaee N, Saied-Moallemi Z, Mohammadi M, Okati-Aliabad H. Toothbrushing and related factors among high school students in the Southeast of Iran: A cross-sectional study. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:360-365. [PMID: 34228880 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is one of the most common problems in student, and tooth brushing at least twice a day is one of the preventive measures of dental caries. This study aimed to determine the frequency of daily brushing and its related factors among high school students in the southeast of Iran based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 2045 high school students of 13-15 years from urban areas of Zahedan in the southeast of Iran with multistage random sampling were selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess demographic background, psychosocial constructs of the HAPA and daily brushing frequency. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of daily brushing. RESULTS Only 18% of participants reported tooth brushing at least twice a day, which is the desired brushing behaviour. Multivariate regression showed that increased odds of daily brushing associated with gender (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.84-3.08), mother education (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.62-3.18), father job (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.20-4.19), task self-efficacy (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42), action planning (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19) and maintenance self-efficacy (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13- 1.27). CONCLUSION The brushing behaviour of students needs to be taken seriously in Zahedan. Motivational and volitional constructs of the HAPA include task self-efficacy, action planning, and maintenance self-efficacy could be considered in intervention programmes targeting increase adolescent brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Shirzaee
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saied-Moallemi
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hassan Okati-Aliabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Social Psychological Predictors of Sleep Hygiene Behaviors in Australian and Hong Kong University Students. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:214-226. [PMID: 32130683 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep hygiene behaviors in undergraduate students are associated with night-time sleep duration and quality, daytime sleepiness, and psychological distress. This study aimed to identify the social psychological factors that impact on university students' sleep hygiene behaviors in samples from two countries. METHOD Participants were undergraduate students from Australia (N = 201, MAge = 22.82, SDAge = 8.89; 165 female) and Hong Kong (N = 161, MAge = 20.47, SDAge = 7.80; 84 female). The study used a correlational-prospective design. Individuals self-reported their intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and past behavior with respect to sleep hygiene behaviors. Four weeks later, the students self-reported their action plans and participation in sleep hygiene behaviors. RESULTS Analysis indicated acceptable model fit to data for both the Australian and Hong Kong samples. Results showed significant direct effects of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and past behavior on intention, and significant direct effects of action planning and past behavior on prospectively measured sleep hygiene behavior. There were also significant indirect effects of attitude, subjective norms (Hong Kong sample only), and perceived behavioral control on behavior mediated by intention and action planning. Overall, the model predicted a large portion of the variance in sleep hygiene behavior for both the Australian (R2 = .524) and Hong Kong (R2 = .483) samples. Schenker and Gentleman t tests found no parameters significantly differed between samples. CONCLUSION Results indicate that university students' sleep hygiene behaviors are a function of both motivational and volitional processes. This formative data can inform future interventions to improve the sleep hygiene practices of university students.
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith SR, Kroon J, Schwarzer R, Hamilton K. Social-cognitive predictors of parental supervised toothbrushing: An application of the health action process approach. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:995-1015. [PMID: 33656231 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the social cognition determinants of parental supervised toothbrushing guided by the health action process approach (HAPA). METHODS In a prospective correlational survey study, participants (N = 185, 84.3% women) completed HAPA social cognition constructs at an initial time point (T1), and 12 weeks later (T2) self-reported on their parental supervised toothbrushing behaviour, toothbrushing habit, and action control. RESULTS Structural equation models exhibited adequate fit with the data when past behaviour and habit were either excluded or included. Intention, self-efficacy, planning, and action control were predictors of parental supervised toothbrushing; intention predicted action planning and coping planning; and self-efficacy and attitude were predictors of intention. Indirect effects of social cognition constructs through intentions, and intentions through planning constructs were also observed. Inclusion of past behaviour and habit attenuated model effects. CONCLUSION Results indicate that parental supervised toothbrushing is a function of motivational and volitional processes. This knowledge can be used to inform behaviour change interventions targeting parental supervised toothbrushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Smith
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeroen Kroon
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.,SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bashirian S, Seyedzadeh-Sabounchi S, Shirahmadi S, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Soltanian AR, Vahdatinia F. Predictors of oral health promotion behaviors among elementary school children: Examination of an extended social cognitive theory. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:191-203. [PMID: 32339312 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brushing teeth with fluoride-containing toothpaste and flossing are considered as effective solutions for preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. AIM The aim of this study was to use the promoted social cognitive theory (SCT) to investigate factors influencing adherence to oral hygiene behaviors by elementary school children. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 988 elementary school children were chosen using the multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the SCT scale, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Theoretical models were examined using the structural equation modeling. RESULTS The SCT explained 50% of the variance in brushing with fluoridated toothpaste and 55.6% of the variance in flossing behaviors. The total effect of family environment (β = .60, P < .05), self-efficacy in overcoming impediments (β = .50, P < .05), and emotional coping (β = .40, P < .05) variables in the conceptual model had significantly influenced tooth brushing behavior. The total effect of self-efficacy (β = .79, P < .05), family environment (β = .41, P < .05), and situational perception (β = .35, P < .05) variables of the conceptual model significantly influenced the flossing behavior. CONCLUSIONS The SCT, self-efficacy, and family environment were strongly associated with brushing and flossing behaviors. Therefore, supportive family environments should be considered as one of the top contributors to successful oral health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Samane Shirahmadi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Communicable Disease Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Implants Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Özyemişci N, Turgut Çankaya Z. Effect of a motivational video on flossing behaviour: A pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 19:201-208. [PMID: 33215814 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Motivational interviews used for health behavioural change requires several sessions and expert consultations. A practical method is needed to promote oral hygiene habits. The aim of the study was to develop a video as a new motivational intervention method combining several health behaviour change theories to improve flossing behaviour. METHODS A questionnaire about individual psychosocial characteristics was conducted to 30 volunteer dental patients. Plaque index (PI) scores were calculated and a video about flossing was shown the patients. The second PI measurements were performed after 2 months. The video including flossing instructions and expressions of performers acting dental patients was produced to test as a motivational method. Cues used in the video were generated according to health behaviour change theories and models under the supervision of an expert team. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (I-CVI) of the video and reliability of the questionnaire was determined. First and second PI scores were compared to assess the effect of the video. Correlation between answers of the questionnaire and PI changes were tested. RESULTS The average I-CVIs of the video was 0.93, CVR of video items was 1, I-CVIs of 5 items was 80% and of 10 was 100%. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.93. PI scores significantly decreased after 2 months (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A single session motivational intervention via a video based on health psychological models and theories was efficacious in improving oral hygiene and flossing behaviour in the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuran Özyemişci
- Dental Prosthesis Technology Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
SOOFI M, KARAMI-MATIN B, PASDAR Y, HAMZEH B, MORADI-NAZAR M, AMERI H, NAJAFI F. What explains socioeconomic inequalities in dental flossing? Cross-sectional results from the RaNCD cohort study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E215-E220. [PMID: 32803008 PMCID: PMC7419114 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.2.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The magnitude and underlying determinants of socioeconomic inequality in dental flossing are poorly understood in Iran. This study aimed to measure and decompose socioeconomic inequalities in dental flossing in Ravansar, Iran. Methods Data of 10,002 individuals aged 35-65 years who participated in the Ravansar Non- communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study in Kermanshah province, western Iran, were analyzed. Based on an asset-based method, socioeconomic status (SES) was measured using principal component analysis (PCA). The concentration index and curve were employed to measure socioeconomic inequality in dental flossing. Decomposition analysis was used to estimate the contribution of each determinant to the overall inequality. Results Of 10,002 participants, 11.74% were found to practice dental floss. The normalized CI for dental flossing was 0.327 in the entire population, 0.323 in females and 0.329 in males, indicating that the use of dental floss is more concentrated among high-SES individuals. The decomposition analysis indicated that SES (50.58%) and level of education (44.90%) respectively contributed the most to this inequality. Place of residence (10.55%) and age group (2.7%) were the next main contributors, respectively. Conclusions We found a low prevalence of dental flossing among participants in RaNCD study. We also observed a relatively high degree of pro-rich inequality in dental flossing. The observed inequality was mainly explained by socioeconomic status, level of education and place of residence. Policy interventions should consider these factors to reduce inequalities in dental flossing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. SOOFI
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - B. KARAMI-MATIN
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Y. PASDAR
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - B. HAMZEH
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M. MORADI-NAZAR
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - H. AMERI
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - F. NAJAFI
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Correspondence: Farid Najafi, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran - Tel.: 00 988338281991 - Fax: 00 988338263048 - E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scheerman JFM, Hamilton K, Sharif MO, Lindmark U, Pakpour AH. A theory-based intervention delivered by an online social media platform to promote oral health among Iranian adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Psychol Health 2019; 35:449-466. [PMID: 31621423 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1673895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Based on the Health Action Process Approach, we tested the efficacy of a theory-based program using an online social media platform (Telegram) to promote good oral hygiene behaviour among Iranian adolescents.Design: A three-arm randomized-controlled trial design was used, consisting of an adolescent only intervention group (A group; n = 253), an adolescent and mother intervention group (A + M group; n = 260), and a control group (n = 278).Main outcome measures: Psychosocial variables, toothbrushing behaviour, Visual Plaque Index, and Community Periodontal Index.Results: Increases in adolescent toothbrushing at the one- and six-month follow-ups in both intervention groups compared to the control group were observed. Adolescents in the A + M group showed significant greater improvements in their toothbrushing behaviour, Visual Plaque Index, and Community Periodontal Index scores than adolescents in the A group. Improvements to toothbrushing social cognitions were also observed.Conclusions: Current results support the use of the theory-based program delivered by Telegram in improving good oral hygiene behaviour and oral health outcomes among Iranian adolescents. Involving mothers in an intervention can confer additional benefits for adolescent oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Ulrika Lindmark
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Araújo M, Alvarez M, Godinho CA, Roberto MS. An eight‐month randomized controlled trial on the use of intra‐oral cameras and text messages for gingivitis control among adults. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:202-213. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mário‐Rui Araújo
- Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Dental Hygiene Program Politécnico de Portalegre, Escola Superior de Saúde Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria‐João Alvarez
- Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - Magda S. Roberto
- Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hagger MS, Hankonen N, Kangro EM, Lintunen T, Pagaduan J, Polet J, Ries F, Hamilton K. Trait Self-Control, Social Cognition Constructs, and Intentions: Correlational Evidence for Mediation and Moderation Effects in Diverse Health Behaviours. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 11:407-437. [PMID: 30724028 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined effects of trait self-control, constructs from social cognition theories, and intentions on health behaviours. Trait self-control was expected to predict health behaviour indirectly through theory constructs and intentions. Trait self-control was also predicted to moderate the intention-behaviour relationship. METHODS Proposed effects were tested in six datasets for ten health-related behaviours from studies adopting prospective designs. Participants (N = 3,249) completed measures of constructs from social cognition theories and self-control at an initial time point and self-reported their behaviour at follow-up. RESULTS Results revealed indirect effects of self-control on behaviour through social cognition constructs and intentions for eight behaviours: eating fruit and vegetables, avoiding fast food, dietary restrictions, binge drinking, physical activity, walking, out-of-school physical activity, and pre-drinking. Self-control moderated the intention-behaviour relationship in four behaviours: dietary restriction, and alcohol-related behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Mediation effects suggest that individuals with high self-control are more likely to hold beliefs and intentions to participate in future health behaviour, and more likely to act. Moderation effects indicate that individuals with high self-control are more likely to enact healthy intentions and inhibit unhealthy intentions, but findings were restricted to few behaviours. Training self-control and managing contingencies that derail goal-directed action may be effective intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Hagger
- Curtin University, Australia.,University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- University of Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyra Hamilton
- Curtin University, Australia.,Griffith University, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mergelsberg ELP, MacLeod C, Mullan B, Rudaizky D, Allom V, Houben K, Lipp OV. Food healthiness versus tastiness: Contrasting their impact on more and less successful healthy shoppers within a virtual food shopping task. Appetite 2018; 133:405-413. [PMID: 30517890 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A virtual shopping task was employed to illuminate why women who intend to shop healthily are differentially successful in doing so. Female undergraduates (N = 68) performed a modified approach and avoidance task that employed food items differing in healthiness and tastiness, and yielded relative speed to select and reject food items in a stylised supermarket. Participants categorised a food item either in terms of healthiness or tastiness, then pulled (selected) or pushed (rejected) the item using a joystick. Participants showed faster selection of tasty food after categorisation in terms of tastiness, irrespective of the food's healthiness. However, after categorisation in terms of healthiness, only more successful healthy food shoppers showed faster selection of healthy items regardless of tastiness. Less successful healthy food shoppers showed this effect only for tasty food, and displayed faster rejection of food items not considered tasty, regardless of their assessed healthiness. Thus, when participants who reported the greatest gap between their shopping intention and shopping behaviour were judging the healthiness of food items, their speed to select and reject items continued to be influenced by tastiness. This suggests that reducing incidental processing of food tastiness may reduce the intention-behaviour gap in healthy food shopping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L P Mergelsberg
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Section Eating Disorders and Obesity, Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Barbara Mullan
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Daniel Rudaizky
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Allom
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Katrijn Houben
- Section Eating Disorders and Obesity, Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ottmar V Lipp
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Brien J, Hamilton K, Williams A, Fell J, Mulford J, Cheney M, Wu S, Bird ML. Improving physical activity, pain and function in patients waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty by combining targeted exercise training with behaviour change counselling: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:425. [PMID: 30086780 PMCID: PMC6081939 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis often results in prolonged periods of reduced physical activity and is associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Exercise interventions for patients on the waiting list for arthroplasty can reduce the risk of long-term adverse outcomes by increasing activity levels. However, uptake and ongoing positive rates of physical activity in this population are low and the impact of pre-operative behaviour counselling on exercise is not known. Method/design The exercise and behaviour change counselling (ENHANCE) trial is a two-arm assessor-blind randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week exercise intervention designed to improve long-term physical activity and functional abilities for people awaiting arthroplasty. Participants on the waiting list for hip and knee arthroplasty are recruited from one clinical site in Australia. After collection of baseline data, participants are randomised to either an intervention or control group. The control group receive usual care, as recommended by evidence-based guidelines. The intervention group receive an individualised programme of exercises and counselling sessions. The 12-week exercise programme integrates multiple elements, including up to five in-person counselling sessions, supported by written materials. Participants are encouraged to seek social support among their friends and self-monitor their physical activity. The primary outcome is physical activity (daily step count and percentage of day spent in sedentary activities). Secondary outcomes include pain ratings, physical function, psychosocial factors and changes in clinical markers linked with potential common chronic diseases (diabetes and cardiovascular disease). All outcomes are assessed at baseline and 26 weeks later and again at 26 weeks post-surgery. Discussion This study seeks to address a significant gap in current osteoarthritis management practice by providing evidence for the effectiveness of an exercise programme combined with behaviour counselling for adults waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty. Theory-driven evidence-based strategies that can improve an individual’s exercise self-efficacy and self-management capacity could have a significant impact on the development of secondary chronic disease in this population. Information gained from this study will contribute to the evidence base on the management of adults waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617000357358. Registered on 8 March 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2808-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane O'Brien
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Sports & Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - James Fell
- Sports & Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | | | - Michael Cheney
- Sports & Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Sam Wu
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie-Louise Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cowie E, White K, Hamilton K. Physical activity and parents of very young children: The role of beliefs and social‐cognitive factors. Br J Health Psychol 2018; 23:782-803. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Cowie
- School of Psychology and Counselling Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia
| | - Katherine White
- School of Psychology and Counselling Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology Griffith University Mt Gravatt Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Predicting fruit and vegetable consumption in long-haul heavy goods vehicle drivers: Application of a multi-theory, dual-phase model and the contribution of past behaviour. Appetite 2018; 121:326-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Hamilton K, Cornish S, Kirkpatrick A, Kroon J, Schwarzer R. Parental supervision for their children's toothbrushing: Mediating effects of planning, self-efficacy, and action control. Br J Health Psychol 2018; 23:387-406. [PMID: 29349924 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With 60-90% of children worldwide reportedly experiencing dental caries, poor oral health in the younger years is a major public health issue. As parents are important to children's oral hygiene practices, we examined the key self-regulatory behaviours of parents for supervising their children's toothbrushing using the health action process approach. DESIGN AND METHOD Participants (N = 281, 197 mothers) comprised Australian parents of 2- to 5-year-olds. A longitudinal design was used to investigate the sequential mediation chain for the effect of intention (Time 1) on parental supervision for their youngest child's toothbrushing (Time 3), via self-efficacy and planning (Time 2), and action control (Time 3). RESULTS A latent-variable structural equation model, controlling for baseline behaviour and habit, revealed significant indirect effects from intention via self-efficacy and action control and intention via planning and action control, on parental supervision behaviour. The model was a good fit to the data, explaining 74% of the variance in parents' supervising behaviour for their children's toothbrushing. CONCLUSION While national recommendations are provided to guide parents in promoting good oral hygiene practices with their children, current results show the importance of going beyond simple knowledge transmission to support parents' intentions to supervise their children's toothbrushing actually materialize. Current findings make a significant contribution to the cumulative empirical evidence regarding self-regulatory components in health behaviour change and can inform intervention development to increase parents' participation in childhood oral hygiene practices, thus helping to curb rising oral health conditions and diseases. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Self-regulatory skills are important to translate intentions into behaviour. Self-efficacy, planning, and action control are key self-regulatory skills for behaviour change. What does this study add? Self-regulatory skills are needed for parents to supervise their children's toothbrushings. Self-efficacy, planning, and action control are important self-regulatory skills in this context. Future interventions should map these self-regulatory predictors onto behaviour change techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Cornish
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron Kirkpatrick
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeroen Kroon
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie University Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical, Health, and Rehabilitation Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hamilton K, Kothe EJ, Mullan B, Spinks T. The mediating and moderating role of planning on mothers' decisions for early childhood dietary behaviours. Psychol Health 2017; 32:1518-1533. [PMID: 28728445 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1351970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the roles of action and coping planning on the intention-behaviour relationship for mothers' decisions for their young children's dietary behaviours. DESIGN Prospective design with two waves of data collection, one week apart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mothers (N = 197, Mage = 34.39, SD = 5.65) of children aged 2-3 years completed a main questionnaire assessing planning constructs and intentions, and a one-week follow-up of the target behaviours - 'healthy eating' and 'discretionary choices'. RESULTS Intention was the strongest predictor of behaviour for both dietary behaviours. For healthy eating, intention moderated the indirect relationship between intention-behaviour via planning; coping planning was less important when intention was strong. Further, intention was not a direct predictor of behaviour when intention was relatively low. Action planning was not a direct predictor of either behaviour after accounting for intention and coping planning; action planning on behaviour was mediated by coping planning (only for healthy eating). Intention was not a direct predictor of coping planning; intention on coping planning was mediated by action planning. Neither type of planning predicted discretionary choices. CONCLUSION Current findings contribute novel information on the mechanisms underpinning the effect of action and coping planning on the intention-behaviour relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- a School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia.,b Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Emily J Kothe
- c School of Psychology, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Barbara Mullan
- b Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University , Perth , Australia.,d School of Psychology, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Teagan Spinks
- a School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arnautovska U, Fleig L, O'Callaghan F, Hamilton K. A longitudinal investigation of older adults' physical activity: Testing an integrated dual-process model. Psychol Health 2016; 32:166-185. [PMID: 27838920 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1250273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of conscious and non-conscious processes for prediction of older adults' physical activity (PA), we tested a dual-process model that integrated motivational (behavioural intention) and volitional (action planning and coping planning) processes with non-conscious, automatic processes (habit). METHOD Participants (N = 215) comprised community-dwelling older adults (M = 73.8 years). A longitudinal design was adopted to investigate direct and indirect effects of intentions, habit strength (Time 1), and action planning and coping planning (Time 2) on PA behaviour (Time 3). Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the model. RESULTS The model provided a good fit to the data, accounting for 44% of the variance in PA behaviour at Time 3. PA was predicted by intentions, action planning, and habit strength, with action planning mediating the intention-behaviour relationship. An effect of sex was also found where males used fewer planning strategies and engaged in more PA than females. CONCLUSIONS By investigating an integration of conscious and non-conscious processes, this study provides a novel understanding of older adults' PA. Interventions aiming to promote PA behaviour of older adults should target the combination of psychological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urska Arnautovska
- a School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Lena Fleig
- b Health Psychology , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Frances O'Callaghan
- a School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- a School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia.,c School of Psychology and Speech Pathology and Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| |
Collapse
|