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Takashima MD, Grimwood K, Vilcins D, Knibbs LD, Sly PD, Lambert SB, Ware RS. Association of antenatal and early childhood air pollution and greenspace exposures with respiratory pathogen upper airway acquisitions and respiratory health outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3147-3160. [PMID: 38245844 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2299225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The association of air pollution and greenspace with respiratory pathogen acquisition and respiratory health was investigated in a community-based birth-cohort of 158 Australian children. Weekly nasal swabs and daily symptom-diaries were collected for 2-years, with annual reviews from ages 3-7-years. Annual exposure to fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5), nitrogen-dioxide (NO2), and normalised-difference-vegetation-index (NDVI) was estimated for pregnancy and the first 2-years-of-life. We examined rhinovirus, any respiratory virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae detections in the first 3-months-of-life, age at initial pathogen detection, wheezing in the first 2-years, and asthma at ages 5-7-years. Our findings suggest that higher NDVI was associated with fewer viral and M. catarrhalis detections in the first 3-months, while increased PM2.5 and NO2 were linked to earlier symptomatic rhinovirus and H. influenzae detections, respectively. However, no associations were observed with wheezing or asthma. Early-life exposure to air pollution and greenspace may influence early-life respiratory pathogen acquisition and illness. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari D Takashima
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Paediatric Nursing and Patient Safety, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Dwan Vilcins
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
- Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Gorlanova O, Rüttimann C, Soti A, de Hoogh K, Vienneau D, Künstle N, Da Silva Sena CR, Steinberg R, Bovermann X, Schulzke S, Latzin P, Röösli M, Frey U, Müller L. TOLLIP and MUC5B modulate the effect of ambient NO 2 on respiratory symptoms in infancy. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142837. [PMID: 39009092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current knowledge suggests that the gene region containing MUC5B and TOLLIP plays a role in airway defence and airway inflammation, and hence respiratory disease. It is also known that exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to respiratory disease. We aimed to study whether the effect of air pollutants on the immune response and respiratory symptoms in infants may be modified by polymorphisms in MUC5B and TOLLIP genes. METHODS 359 healthy term infants from the prospective Basel-Bern Infant Lung Development (BILD) birth cohort were included in the study. The main outcome was the score of weekly assessed respiratory symptoms in the first year of life. Using the candidate gene approach, we selected 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the MUC5B and TOLLIP regions. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) exposure was estimated on a weekly basis. We used generalised additive mixed models adjusted for known covariates. To validate our results in vitro, cells from a lung epithelial cell line were downregulated in TOLLIP expression and exposed to diesel particulate matter (DPM) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. RESULTS Significant interaction was observed between modelled air pollution (weekly NO2 exposure) and 5 SNPs within MUC5B and TOLLIP genes regarding respiratory symptoms as outcome: E.g., infants carrying minor alleles of rs5744034, rs3793965 and rs3750920 (all TOLLIP) had an increased risk of respiratory symptoms with increasing NO2 exposure. In vitro experiments showed that cells downregulated for TOLLIP react differently to environmental pollutant exposure with DPM and viral stimulation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms in infancy may be influenced by the genotype of specific SNPs from the MUC5B and TOLLIP regions. For validation of the findings, we provided in vitro evidence for the interaction of TOLLIP with air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorlanova
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Céline Rüttimann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andras Soti
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Paediatrics and Youth Medicine, Clinic Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Künstle
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rebeca Da Silva Sena
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell® and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Steinberg
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Bovermann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schulzke
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Loretta Müller
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Lung Precision Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland
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Kelchtermans J, March ME, Mentch F, Liu Y, Nguyen K, Hakonarson H. GWAS reveals Genetic Susceptibility to Air Pollution-Related Asthma Exacerbations in Children of African Ancestry. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.29.24307906. [PMID: 38853886 PMCID: PMC11160834 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.24307906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background The relationship between ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure and asthma exacerbations is well-established. However, mitigation efforts have yielded mixed results, potentially due to genetic variability in the response to AAP. We hypothesize that common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are linked to AAP sensitivity and test this through a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Methods We selected a cohort of pediatric asthma patients frequently exposed to AAP. Patients experiencing exacerbations immediately following AAP spikes were deemed sensitive. A GWAS compared sensitive versus non-sensitive patients. Findings were validated using data from the All of Us program. Results Our study included 6,023 pediatric asthma patients. Due to the association between AAP exposure and race, GWAS analysis was feasible only in the African ancestry cohort. Seven risk loci reached genome-wide significance, including four non-intergenic variants. Two variants were validated: rs111970601 associated with sensitivity to CO (odds ratio [OR], 6.58; PL=L1.63L×L10-8; 95% CI, 3.42-12.66) and rs9836522 to PM2.5 sensitivity (OR 0.75; PL=L3,87 ×L10-9; 95% CI, 0.62-0.91). Interpretation While genetic variants have been previously linked to asthma incidence and AAP exposure, this study is the first to link specific SNPs with AAP-related asthma exacerbations. The identified variants implicate genes with a known role in asthma and established links to AAP. Future research should explore how clinical interventions interact with genetic risk to mitigate the effects of AAP, particularly to enhance health equity for vulnerable populations. What is already known on this topic The relationship between ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure and asthma exacerbations is well-established. However, efforts to mitigate the impact of AAP on children with asthma have yielded mixed results, potentially due to genetic variability in response to AAP. What this study adds Using publicly available AAP data, we identify which children with asthma experience exacerbations immediately following spikes in AAP. We then conduct a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) comparing these patients with those who have no temporal association between AAP spikes and asthma exacerbations, identifying several Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AAP sensitivity. How this study might affect research practice or policy While genetic variants have previously been linked to asthma incidence and AAP exposure, this study is the first to link specific SNPs with AAP-related asthma exacerbations. This creates a framework for identifying children especially at risk when exposed to AAP. These children should be targeted with policy interventions to reduce exposure and may require specific treatments to mitigate the effects of ongoing AAP exposure in the interim.
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Grosjean I, Roméo B, Domdom MA, Belaid A, D’Andréa G, Guillot N, Gherardi RK, Gal J, Milano G, Marquette CH, Hung RJ, Landi MT, Han Y, Brest P, Von Bergen M, Klionsky DJ, Amos CI, Hofman P, Mograbi B. Autophagopathies: from autophagy gene polymorphisms to precision medicine for human diseases. Autophagy 2022; 18:2519-2536. [PMID: 35383530 PMCID: PMC9629091 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2039994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At a time when complex diseases affect globally 280 million people and claim 14 million lives every year, there is an urgent need to rapidly increase our knowledge into their underlying etiologies. Though critical in identifying the people at risk, the causal environmental factors (microbiome and/or pollutants) and the affected pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we consider the variations of autophagy-related (ATG) genes at the heart of mechanisms of increased susceptibility to environmental stress. A comprehensive autophagy genomic resource is presented with 263 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 69 autophagy-related genes associated with 117 autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and endocrine diseases. We thus propose the term 'autophagopathies' to group together a class of complex human diseases the etiology of which lies in a genetic defect of the autophagy machinery, whether directly related or not to an abnormal flux in autophagy, LC3-associated phagocytosis, or any associated trafficking. The future of precision medicine for common diseases will lie in our ability to exploit these ATG SNP x environment relationships to develop new polygenetic risk scores, new management guidelines, and optimal therapies for afflicted patients.Abbreviations: ATG, autophagy-related; ALS-FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; CD, Crohn disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eQTL, expression quantitative trait loci; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; GTEx, genotype-tissue expression; GWAS, genome-wide association studies; LAP, LC3-associated phagocytosis; LC3-II, phosphatidylethanolamine conjugated form of LC3; LD, linkage disequilibrium; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; MAF, minor allele frequency; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; OS, overall survival; PtdIns3K CIII, class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; mQTL, methylation quantitative trait loci; ULK, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; UTRs, untranslated regions; WHO, World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Grosjean
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Barnabé Roméo
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Marie-Angela Domdom
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Amine Belaid
- Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, Team 5, F-06204, France
| | - Grégoire D’Andréa
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
- ENT and Head and Neck surgery department, Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, CHU de Nice, University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- INSERM U955 Team Relais, Faculty of Health, Paris Est University, France
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- University Côte d’Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Nice, France
| | - Gérard Milano
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, UPR7497, Nice, France
| | - Charles Hugo Marquette
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
- University Côte d’Azur, FHU-OncoAge, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Brest
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Martin Von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Dep. of Molecular Systems Biology; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Hofman
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
- University Côte d’Azur, FHU-OncoAge, CHU de Nice, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology (LPCE) Biobank(BB-0033-00025), Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
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Rzymski P, Poniedziałek B, Rosińska J, Rogalska M, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Rorat M, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Lorenc B, Kozielewicz D, Piekarska A, Sikorska K, Dworzańska A, Bolewska B, Angielski G, Kowalska J, Podlasin R, Oczko-Grzesik B, Mazur W, Szymczak A, Flisiak R. The association of airborne particulate matter and benzo[a]pyrene with the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119469. [PMID: 35580710 PMCID: PMC9106990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution can adversely affect the immune response and increase the severity of the viral disease. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between symptomatology, clinical course, and inflammation markers of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in Poland (n = 4432) and air pollution levels, i.e., mean 24 h and max 24 h level of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) and <2.5 μm (PM2.5) during a week before their hospitalization. Exposures to PM2.5 and B(a)P exceeding the limits were associated with higher odds of early respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 and hyperinflammatory state: interleukin-6 > 100 pg/mL, procalcitonin >0.25 ng/mL, and white blood cells count >11 × 103/mL. Except for the mean 24 h PM10 level, the exceedance of other air pollution parameters was associated with increased odds for oxygen saturation <90%. Exposure to elevated PM2.5 and B(a)P levels increased the odds of oxygen therapy and death. This study evidences that worse air quality is related to increased severity of COVID-19 and worse outcome in hospitalized patients. Mitigating air pollution shall be an integral part of measures undertaken to decrease the disease burden during a pandemic of viral respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznań, Poland; Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Rogalska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland.
| | | | - Marta Rorat
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland; First Infectious Diseases Ward, Gromkowski Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, 51-149, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Beata Lorenc
- Pomeranian Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kozielewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Anna Piekarska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-549, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sikorska
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Dworzańska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Beata Bolewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Regina Podlasin
- Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Oczko-Grzesik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Mazur
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases in Chorzów, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland.
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Rzymski P, Poniedziałek B, Rosińska J, Ciechanowski P, Peregrym M, Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Talarek E, Zaleska I, Frańczak-Chmura P, Pilarczyk M, Figlerowicz M, Kucharek I, Flisiak R. Air pollution might affect the clinical course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113651. [PMID: 35594828 PMCID: PMC9110326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, to which children are more susceptible than adults, can promote airway inflammation, potentially exaggerating the effects of respiratory viral infection. This study examined the association between the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in unvaccinated pediatric patients hospitalized in Poland (n = 766) and levels of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) within a week before hospitalization. Children aged ≤ 12 years exposed to mean and max 24 h B(a)P levels > 1 ng/m3 revealed higher odds of cough, dyspnea, fever, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, white blood cell count). In older patients (13-17 years), elevated mean 24 h B(a)P levels increased odds of dyspnea, fever, and diarrhea, and higher concentrations of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Exposure to max 24 h PM2.5 levels > 20 µg/m3 was associated with higher odds of cough, increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (group ≤12 years), and increased procalcitonin concentration (groups ≤12 years and 13-17 years). In both age groups, length of stay was extended in patients exposed to elevated levels of max 24 h PM2.5, mean and max 24 h B(a)P. This study suggests that worse air quality, particularly reflected in increased B(a)P levels, might affect the clinical course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients and adds to the disease burden during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Ciechanowski
- Department of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Michał Peregrym
- Department of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak
- Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Talarek
- Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela Zaleska
- Department of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Frańczak-Chmura
- Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Provincial Jan Boży Hospital in Lublin, 20-089 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Pilarczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-030 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Figlerowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kucharek
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology with Allergology Center, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
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7
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Tao Y, Zhang X, Qiu G, Spillmann M, Ji Z, Wang J. SARS-CoV-2 and other airborne respiratory viruses in outdoor aerosols in three Swiss cities before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107266. [PMID: 35512527 PMCID: PMC9060371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affecting the world since the end of 2019. While virus-laden particles have been commonly detected and studied in the aerosol samples from indoor healthcare settings, studies are scarce on air surveillance of the virus in outdoor non-healthcare environments, including the correlations between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, between viruses and environmental factors, and between viruses and human behavior changes due to the public health measures against COVID-19. Therefore, in this study, we collected airborne particulate matter (PM) samples from November 2019 to April 2020 in Bern, Lugano, and Zurich. Among 14 detected viruses, influenza A, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E were abundant in air. SARS-CoV-2 and enterovirus were moderately common, while the remaining viruses occurred only in low concentrations. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in PM10 (PM below 10 µm) samples of Bern and Zurich, and PM2.5 (PM below 2.5 µm) samples of Bern which exhibited a concentration positively correlated with the local COVID-19 case number. The concentration was also correlated with the concentration of enterovirus which raised the concern of coinfection. The estimated COVID-19 infection risks of an hour exposure at these two sites were generally low but still cannot be neglected. Our study demonstrated the potential functionality of outdoor air surveillance of airborne respiratory viruses, especially at transportation hubs and traffic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Tao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Martin Spillmann
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Zheng Ji
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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8
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Lim DK, Jeon JS, Jang TS, Kim JK. Association between climatic factors and respiratory syncytial virus detection rates in Cheonan, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13315-13322. [PMID: 34585349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of big data may facilitate the recognition and interpretation of causal relationships between disease occurrence and climatic variables. This study examined the effects of various climatic variables on the seasonal epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in the temperate climate of Korea. Trends in RSV detection were analyzed using 9010 samples tested between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, at Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan, Korea. Seasonal patterns in RSV detection frequency were compared with local climatic variables during the same period. RSV detection rate of 12.8% (n = 1150/9010) was observed, which was higher for RSV-A (7.1%) than RSV-B (5.8%) and RSV-A and RSV-B alternated each year. Children < 1 year exhibited high infection rates with RSV-A (68.5%) and RSV-B (58.7%). RSV-A and RSV-B infection rates in children under 9 years old were 96.2% and 92.1%, respectively. RSV had a significant relationship with several climatic factors. Air temperature, wind chill temperature, and particulate matter concentration were lower on days with a higher frequency of RSV detection. In contrast, atmospheric pressure was higher on days with lower RSV detection. Although the detection rates for RSV-A and RSV-B increased on days with lower air temperatures, those for RSV-B also increased on days with lower wind chill temperatures. Our findings suggest that climatic variables affect the RSV detection rate among children under 10 years of age. The present data may help predict the time when prevention strategies may be the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Lim
- Department of Medical Laser, Dankook University Graduate School of Medicine, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.
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9
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Ordering Knowledge in the Markers of Psychiatric/Mental Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020284. [PMID: 35053980 PMCID: PMC8781753 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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10
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Marquès M, Domingo JL. Positive association between outdoor air pollution and the incidence and severity of COVID-19. A review of the recent scientific evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111930. [PMID: 34425111 PMCID: PMC8378989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In June 2020, we published a review focused on assessing the influence of various air pollutants on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and the severity of COVID-19 in patients infected by the coronavirus. The results of most of those reviewed studies suggested that chronic exposure to certain air pollutants might lead to more severe and lethal forms of COVID-19, as well as delays/complications in the recovery of the patients. Since then, a notable number of studies on this topic have been published, including also various reviews. Given the importance of this issue, we have updated the information published since our previous review. Taking together the previous results and those of most investigations now reviewed, we have concluded that there is a significant association between chronic exposure to various outdoor air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2 and CO, and the incidence/risk of COVID-19 cases, as well as the severity/mortality of the disease. Unfortunately, studies on the potential influence of other important air pollutants such as VOCs, dioxins and furans, or metals, are not available in the scientific literature. In relation to the influence of outdoor air pollutants on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, although the scientific evidence is much more limited, some studies point to PM2.5 and PM10 as potential airborne transmitters of the virus. Anyhow, it is clear that environmental air pollution plays an important negative role in COVID-19, increasing its incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, School of Medicine, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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11
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Fishchuk L, Rossokha Z, Pokhylko V, Cherniavska Y, Tsvirenko S, Kovtun S, Medvedieva N, Vershyhora V, Gorovenko N. Modifying effects of TNF-α, IL-6 and VDR genes on the development risk and the course of COVID-19. Pilot study. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:133-139. [PMID: 34860474 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 continues to range around the world and set morbidity and mortality antirecords. Determining the role of genetic factors in the development of COVID-19 may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the development of complications and fatalities in this disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of TNF-α (rs1800629), IL-6 (rs1800795) and VDR (rs731236 and rs1544410) genes variants on the development risk and the course of COVID-19 in intensive care patients. METHODS The study group included 31 patients with diagnosis "viral COVID-19 pneumonia". All patients underwent standard daily repeated clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations. Determination of IL-6, TNF-α, and VDR genes variants was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS It was found a significant increase in the rate of the CC genotype and C allele (38.7 vs. 12.0% and 0.6 vs. 0.4%, respectively) of the IL-6 gene in all patients of the study in comparison with population frequencies. There was a significantly higher rate of heterozygous genotypes TC and GA of the VDR gene in group of died patients. The rs1800629 variant of the TNF-α gene is associated with the need for respiratory support and its longer duration in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results support a hypothesis about the influence of variants of IL-6, TNF-α and VDR genes on severity of COVID-19. However, in order to draw definite conclusions, further multifaceted research in this area are need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Fishchuk
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Pokhylko
- Department of Pediatrics № 1 with Propedeutics and Neonatology, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Cherniavska
- Department of Pediatrics № 1 with Propedeutics and Neonatology, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Tsvirenko
- Department of Pediatrics № 1 with Propedeutics and Neonatology, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Kovtun
- Poltava Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Poltava Regional Council, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Medvedieva
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Vershyhora
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- Department of Medical and Laboratory Genetics, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Habibi N, Uddin S, Al‐Salameen F, Al‐Amad S, Kumar V, Al‐Otaibi M, Razzack NA, Shajan A, Shirshikar F. SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viruses and bacteria in aerosols: Report from Kuwait's hospitals. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1815-1825. [PMID: 34121237 PMCID: PMC8447393 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of airborne particles in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well explored. The novel coronavirus can survive in aerosol for extended periods, and its interaction with other viral communities can cause additional virulence and infectivity. This baseline study reports concentrations of SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory viruses, and pathogenic bacteria in the indoor air from three major hospitals (Sheikh Jaber, Mubarak Al-Kabeer, and Al-Amiri) in Kuwait dealing with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The indoor aerosol samples showed 12-99 copies of SARS-CoV-2 per m3 of air. Two non-SARS-coronavirus (strain HKU1 and NL63), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human bocavirus, human rhinoviruses, Influenza B (FluB), and human enteroviruses were also detected in COVID-positive areas of Mubarak Al Kabeer hospital (MKH). Pathogenic bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia and, Haemophilus influenza were also found in the hospital aerosols. Our results suggest that the existing interventions such as social distancing, use of masks, hand hygiene, surface sanitization, and avoidance of crowded indoor spaces are adequate to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in enclosed areas. However, increased ventilation can significantly reduce the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor aerosols. The synergistic or inhibitory effects of other respiratory pathogens in the spread, severity, and complexity of SARS-CoV-2 need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Habibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - S. Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - F. Al‐Salameen
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - S. Al‐Amad
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - V. Kumar
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - M. Al‐Otaibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - N. Abdul Razzack
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - A. Shajan
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
| | - F. Shirshikar
- Environment and Life Sciences Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchSafatKuwait
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13
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Loaiza-Ceballos MC, Marin-Palma D, Zapata W, Hernandez JC. Viral respiratory infections and air pollutants. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 15:105-114. [PMID: 34539932 PMCID: PMC8441953 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a public health issue of global importance and a risk factor for developing cardiorespiratory diseases. These contaminants induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, triggering the inflammatory response that alters cell and tissue homeostasis and facilitates the development of diseases. The effects of air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM0.1), and indoor air pollutants on respiratory health have been widely reported. For instance, epidemiological and experimental studies have shown associations between hospital admissions for individual diseases and increased air pollutant levels. This review describes the association and relationships between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory viral infections, especially those caused by the respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus. The evidence suggests that exposure to air contaminants induces inflammatory states, modulates the immune system, and increases molecules' expression that favors respiratory viruses' pathogenesis and affects the respiratory system. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions have not yet been fully elucidated, so it is necessary to develop new studies to obtain information that will allow health and policy decisions to be made for the adequate control of respiratory infections, especially in the most vulnerable population, during periods of maximum air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damariz Marin-Palma
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Wildeman Zapata
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
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14
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Li X, Goobie GC, Gregory AD, Kass DJ, Zhang Y. Toll-Interacting Protein in Pulmonary Diseases. Abiding by the Goldilocks Principle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:536-546. [PMID: 33233920 PMCID: PMC8086045 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0470tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TOLLIP (Toll-interacting protein) is an intracellular adaptor protein with diverse actions throughout the body. In a context- and cell type–specific manner, TOLLIP can function as an inhibitor of inflammation and endoplasmic-reticulum stress, an activator of autophagy, or a critical regulator of intracellular vacuole trafficking. The distinct functions of this protein have been linked to innate immune responses and lung epithelial-cell apoptosis. TOLLIP genetic variants have been associated with a variety of chronic lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation, and with infections, such as tuberculosis, Legionella pneumonia, and respiratory viruses. TOLLIP exists in a delicate homeostatic balance, with both positive and negative effects on the trajectory of pulmonary diseases. This translational review summarizes the genetic and molecular associations that link TOLLIP to the development and progression of noninfectious and infectious pulmonary diseases. We highlight current limitations of in vitro and in vivo models in assessing the role of TOLLIP in these conditions, and we describe future approaches that will enable a more nuanced exploration of the role of TOLLIP in pulmonary conditions. There has been a surge in recent research evaluating the role of this protein in human diseases, but critical mechanistic pathways require further exploration. By understanding its biologic functions in disease-specific contexts, we will be able to determine whether TOLLIP can be therapeutically modulated to treat pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gillian C Goobie
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.,Clinician Investigator Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alyssa D Gregory
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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15
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Sarmah P, Bharali R, Khatonier R, Khan A. Polymorphism in Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) gene and its association with Visceral Leishmaniasis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Domingo JL, Rovira J. Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109650. [PMID: 32416357 PMCID: PMC7211639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the outdoor air pollutants that are major factors in diseases, causing especially adverse respiratory effects in humans. On the other hand, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory infections is an issue of great importance. The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. We have reviewed the scientific literature regarding the association of outdoor air pollution and respiratory viruses on respiratory diseases. Evidence supports a clear association between air concentrations of some pollutants and human respiratory viruses interacting to adversely affect the respiratory system. Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. Although to date, and by obvious reasons, the number of studies on this issue are still scarce, most results indicate that chronic exposure to air pollutants delays/complicates recovery of patients of COVID-19 and leads to more severe and lethal forms of this disease. This deserves immediate and in-depth experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avd. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Cafferkey J, Coultas JA, Mallia P. Human rhinovirus infection and COPD: role in exacerbations and potential for therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:777-789. [PMID: 32498634 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1764354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory virus infections (predominantly rhinoviruses) are the commonly identified in COPD exacerbations but debate about their role as a trigger of exacerbations continues. Experimental infection studies have provided significant new evidence establishing a causal relationship between virus infection and COPD exacerbations and contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of virus-induced exacerbations. However as yet no anti-viral treatments have undergone clinical trials in COPD patients. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the evidence for and against respiratory viruses being the main trigger of COPD exacerbations from both epidemiological studies and experimental infection studies. The host immune response to rhinovirus infection and how abnormalities in host immunity may underlie increased susceptibility to virus infection in COPD are discussed and the role of dual viral-bacterial infection in COPD exacerbations. Finally the current state of anti-viral therapy is discussed and how these may be used in the future treatment of COPD exacerbations. EXPERT OPINION Respiratory virus infections are the trigger of a substantial proportion of COPD exacerbations and rhinoviruses are the most common virus type. Clinical trials of anti-viral agents are needed in COPD patients to determine whether they are effective in virus-induced COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cafferkey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Mallia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
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