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Lin M, Chu M, Li X, Ma H, Fang Z, Mao L, Wang P, Chen T, Chiang YC. Factors influencing adolescent experimental and current smoking behaviors based on social cognitive theory: A cross-sectional study in Xiamen. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1093264. [PMID: 37033036 PMCID: PMC10073720 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1093264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction China has the largest youth population in the world. To better implement the Smoke-free School Initiative, this study aims to examine the protective and risk factors for different smoking behaviors (never smoked, experimental smoking, and current smoking) among school adolescents based on social cognitive theory. Methods This research was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of middle schools in Huli District of Xiamen, China. The final sample consisted of 1937 participants with an average age of 15.41 (SD = 1.64). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using four models. Results Of the respondents, 1685 (86.99%) were never smokers, 210 (10.84%) were experimental smokers, and 42 (2.17%) were current smokers. Social norms, positive outcome expectations, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies were associated with adolescents' smoking behaviors. The number of smoking family members, classmates smoking, the perception that smoking is cool and attractive, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies were the predictors of current smoking behavior (p < 0.05). In contrast, friends smoking and individual and social relationship motivation were associated with only experimental smoking (p < 0.05). Discussion The relationship of social norms, positive outcome expectations, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies varied across smoking behaviors. Family, school, society and the government need to cooperate in prevention and intervention programs for adolescent smoking. The relationships between these factors and adolescents' different smoking behaviors needs to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhi Lin
- Xiamen Huli District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijie Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ismail I, Tahlil T, Nursalam N, Marli Kesuma Z, Rauzhatul Jannah S, Kamil H, Fithria F, Rochadi K. Effectiveness of a Social Marketing Mix Intervention on Changing the Smoking Behavior of Santri in Traditional Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:586-594. [PMID: 36475324 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effectiveness of the social marketing mix approach in increasing students' knowledge about smoking, promoting positive attitudes toward smoking cessation, and decreasing smoking behavior. METHODS This quantitative research study incorporated a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. Using the purposive sampling technique, 152 smoking students were selected as participants. They were divided into 2 equal groups, with 76 students in the control group and 76 in the intervention group. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS The social marketing mix intervention was effective in increasing the students' knowledge about smoking (p<0.001), improving their attitude toward smoking cessation (p<0.001), and reducing their smoking behavior (p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS This approach should be implemented by local governments to reduce smoking behavior in the community, especially among teenagers, in addition to instituting a smoking ban and applying fines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ismail
- Department of Nursing, Polytechnic of Health, Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Tahlil
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nursalam Nursalam
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zurnila Marli Kesuma
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Syarifah Rauzhatul Jannah
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hajjul Kamil
- Department of Leadership and Management Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fithria Fithria
- Department of Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Kintoko Rochadi
- Faculty of Public Health, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia
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Fallin-Bennett A, Parker KA, Miller A, Ashford K, Hahn EJ. Smoking and Tobacco-Free Policies in Women's Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities: A Community-Engaged Approach. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:1386-1392. [PMID: 29059449 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to (1) describe the role of smoking in the lives of women in residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and (2) explore perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to tobacco-free policy among women in residential SUD treatment. Methods This was a community-engaged study using qualitative descriptive methods. We first recruited women in a residential SUD treatment facility to participate on a community research team. Interviews with staff (N = 10) and focus groups with clients (N = 42) were conducted using guides informed by the community research team. Interviews and focus groups were analyzed using content analysis. Results There were two themes related to the role of smoking in the women's lives: (1) smoking facilitates socialization and (2) smoking as a coping mechanism. There were three themes related to the benefits of tobacco-free policy: (1) improved health, (2) support for continued abstinence from a previous tobacco-free placement (eg, prison), and (3) less grounds up-keep. Barriers to tobacco-free policy included (1) lack of an alternative coping mechanism to smoking, (2) fear that a tobacco-free policy would drive clients away, and (3) anticipation of implementation challenges. Conclusions Many women in residential SUD treatment smoke, which they attribute to the fact that smoking is used to facilitate socialization and cope with stress. Future research is needed to develop and test messages to counter the misperception that smoking is an effective method to cope with stress. Ultimately, evidence-based tobacco-free policies are needed to reduce tobacco-related disease among women with SUDs. Implications To promote smoking cessation among women with substance use disorders through evidence-based tobacco policy, it is necessary to first understand the role of smoking in their lives as well as facilitators and barriers to tobacco-free policy in residential treatment facilities. Participants reported that smoking facilitated socialization and served as a coping mechanism. Tobacco-free policies have many benefits, including improved health, support for continued abstinence from a previous tobacco-free placement (eg, prison), and less grounds up-keep. Barriers include the lack of an alternative coping mechanism, fear that a tobacco-free policy would drive away clients and anticipation of implementation challenges. To reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality among women and their children, it is necessary to catalyze a culture change in behavioral health settings to prioritize the treatment of tobacco alongside treatment of other addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly A Parker
- College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alana Miller
- BREATHE, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Kristin Ashford
- BREATHE, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ellen J Hahn
- BREATHE, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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McDermott-Levy R, Weatherbie K. Health promotores' perceptions of their communities' health needs, knowledge, and resource needs in rural Nicaragua. Public Health Nurs 2013; 30:94-105. [PMID: 23452104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2012.01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine rural Nicaraguan health promotores' perceptions of their community's health problems, their self-identified learning needs, and resource needs. Despite the valuable contributions of promotores, there is limited research regarding unpaid volunteer promotores' perceptions of their needs in providing care to remote communities. DESIGN AND SAMPLE A qualitative descriptive study of 13 unpaid, volunteer promotores in Waslala, Nicaragua, was conducted. MEASURES Data were collected during individual interviews with seven promotores and two focus groups with 13 promotores. Data were analyzed by reading verbatim transcripts repeatedly and establishing general themes. Promotores confirmed the findings. RESULTS Waslalan promotores described a synergy of traditional folk health beliefs and natural practices along with use of modern medications while working to meet the health needs of their communities. Without much formal training, the promotores used public health strategies to influence health behaviors and address health disparities in the communities they serve. Serving their communities and God were their motivation in their work. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations include supporting efforts to meet promotores' needs regarding community health education with messages from community leaders and nurses, finding methods to financially compensate promotores, and including promotores in health program planning and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McDermott-Levy
- College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19095, USA.
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Khuwaja AK, Khawaja S, Motwani K, Khoja AA, Azam IS, Fatmi Z, Ali BS, Kadir MM. Preventable lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Pakistan Adolescents Schools Study 1 (PASS-1). J Prev Med Public Health 2012; 44:210-7. [PMID: 22020186 PMCID: PMC3249258 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.5.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The rising burden of preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. We identified the preventable risk factors for NCDs in adolescents. Methods In a school-based study, pre-tested structured questionnaires were completed by 414 adolescents (14 to 17 years) at six schools in three cities in Pakistan. The chi-squared test and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Over 80% of the adolescents had unhealthy diets, and 54% were physically inactive. Most adolescents were exposed to passive smoking, and 14% were also current smokers. More than one-third of participants chewed betel nut, and one-quarter used oral tobacco. More girls were physically inactive (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 2.69 to 6.17), whereas a greater proportion of boys were current smokers (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.91), exposed to passive smoking (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.83), and using betel nut (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.06). Only 3.1% of the participants were without any preventable lifestyle risk factor for NCDs, and over 80% had ≥2 factors. Co-existence of risk factors was independently associated with fathers being blue-collar workers (aOR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.07 to 11.92) and parents not treating their child fairly (aOR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.29 to 19.78). Conclusions Most of the adolescents studied had preventable risk factors for NCDs. These results warrant comprehensive and integrated interventions to prevent lifestyle risk factors, and parents are front-line stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khan Khuwaja
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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