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Guo M, Guo D, Liao L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Chen P, Li R, Han B, Bao G, Zhang B. Ethanolic extract from Sophora moorcroftiana inhibit cell proliferation and alter the mechanical properties of human cervical cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:212. [PMID: 38831394 PMCID: PMC11149180 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Previous studies have shown that the ethanol extract of Sophora moorcroftiana seeds (EESMS) possesses an antiproliferative effect on several tumors in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the impact of EESMS on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell proliferation. METHODS The proliferation and apoptotic effects of HeLa cells treated with EESMS were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Single-cell level atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted to detect the mechanical properties of HeLa cells, and proteomics and bioinformatics methods were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of EESMS. RESULTS EESMS treatment inhibited HeLa cell proliferation by blocking the G0/G1 phase, increasing the expression of Caspase-3 and affecting its mechanical properties, and the EESMS indicated no significant inhibitory effect on mouse fibroblasts L929 cell line. In total, 218 differentially expressed proteins were identified using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and eight differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in various cellular and biological processes. CONCLUSION This study provides a perspective on how cells change through biomechanics and a further theoretical foundation for the future application of Sophora moorcroftiana as a novel low-toxicity chemotherapy medication for treating human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Guo
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Northwest new village No.1, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Dingcheng Guo
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Zhou
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Chengdu Stomatological Hospital, NO. 17, South Section of Chunxi Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610020, PR China
| | - Ruiping Li
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Gansu Province Key Lab of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Intelligent Manufacturing, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Northwest new village No.1, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Guangjie Bao
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Northwest new village No.1, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
- Gansu Province Key Lab of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Intelligent Manufacturing, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Czaplewska P, Bogucka A, Macur K, Rybicka M, Rychłowski M, Fiołka MJ. Proteomic response of A549 lung cancer cell line to protein-polysaccharide complex Venetin-1 isolated from earthworm coelomic fluid. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1128320. [PMID: 37377864 PMCID: PMC10292018 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1128320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthworms' celomic fluid has long attracted scientists' interest due to their toxic properties. It has been shown that the elimination of coelomic fluid cytotoxicity to normal human cells was crucial for the generation of the non-toxic Venetin-1 protein-polysaccharide complex, which exhibits selective activity against Candida albicans cells as well as A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. To find the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-cancer properties of the preparation, this research investigated the proteome response of A549 cells to the presence of Venetin-1. The sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) methodology was used for the analysis, which allows for a relative quantitative analysis to be carried out without radiolabelling. The results showed that the formulation did not induce significant proteome responses in normal BEAS-2B cells. In the case of the tumour line, 31 proteins were up regulated, and 18 proteins down regulated. Proteins with increased expression in neoplastic cells are mainly associated with the mitochondrion, membrane transport and the endoplasmic reticulum. In the case of altered proteins, Venetin-1 interferes with proteins that stabilise the structures, i.e., keratin, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Macur
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Rybicka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta J. Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Yao B, Wang L, Xie C, Li M, Peng C, Li Z, Lu W, Chen J. Biological evaluation of a novel stable peptide PET molecular probe [ 18F]AlF-NOTA- DVAP targeting to tumor cell surface GRP78. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 118-119:108330. [PMID: 36889247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is an attractive anticancer target for its selective anchoring on the surface of tumor cells and cancer endothelial cells rather than normal cells. Cell-surface GRP78 overexpression of tumor indicates that GRP78 is a crucial target for relative tumor imaging and clinical treatment. Herein, we report the design and preclinical evaluation of a new D peptide ligand [18F]AlF-NOTA-DVAP recognizing GRP78 expressed on the cell surface of breast cancer. METHODS Radiochemical synthesis of [18F]AlF-NOTA-DVAP was achieved via a one-pot labeling process by heating NOTA-DVAP in the presence of in situ prepared [18F]AlF for 15 min at 110 °C and purified through HPLC. RESULTS The radiotracer showed high in vitro stability in rat serum at 37 °C over 3 h. Both biodistribution studies and in vivo micro-PET/CT imaging studies in BALB/c mice bearing 4 T1 tumor showed [18F]AlF-NOTA-DVAP had a rapid and high uptake in tumor, as well as a long residence time. The high hydrophilicity of the radiotracer enables its fast clearance from most normal tissues and thus improves the tumor-to-normal tissue ratios (4.40 at 60 min) which is better than [18F]FDG (1.31 at 60 min). Pharmacokinetic studies showed the average in vivo mean residence time of the radiotracer was just 0.6432 h and indicated that this hydrophilic radiotracer was quickly eliminated from the body to reduce the distribution of non-target tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that [18F]AlF-NOTA-DVAP is a very promising PET probe for tumor-specific imaging of cell-surface GRP78-positive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Yao
- Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Luting Wang
- Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Cao Xie
- Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Li
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Chengyuan Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuoyun Li
- Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Transketolase promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through regulating AKT phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:99. [PMID: 35110545 PMCID: PMC8810869 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transketolase (TKT) which is an important metabolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) participates in maintaining ribose 5-phosphate levels. TKT is necessary for maintaining cell growth. However, we found that in addition to this, TKT can also affect tumor progression through other ways. Our previous study indicate that TKT could promote the development of liver cancer by affecting bile acid metabolism. And in this study, we discovered that TKT expression was remarkably upregulated in colorectal cancer, abnormal high expression of TKT is associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Additionally, TKT promoted colorectal cancer cell growth and metastasis. Further study demonstrated that TKT interacted with GRP78 and promoted colorectal cancer cell glycolysis through increasing AKT phosphorylation, thereby enhancing colorectal cancer cell metastasis. Thus, TKT is expected to become an indicator for judging the prognosis of colorectal cancer, and provide a theoretical basis for drug development of new treatment targets for colorectal cancer.
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Kumar M, Garg H, Gupta N, Sharma A, Kaushal S, Kumar R, Dinda AK. Glucose- regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in renal cell carcinoma: A novel biomarker for predicting tumor behavior. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07300. [PMID: 34195416 PMCID: PMC8239724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 in tumor and serum of the RCC patients and compare with the controls and to correlate the expression with the grade and stage of RCC. Materials and methods A prospective cohort study involving 60 patients planned for radical/partial nephrectomy for primary RCC between July 2017 to June 2019. The RCC and adjacent non-tumorous renal tissues (Control) along with serum samples of patients were collected. Control for the serum samples is from the patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for non-functioning kidney due to benign etiology. The GRP78 expression was studied using RT-PCR for mRNA expression, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein expression and using ELISA in serum for both the subjects and controls. Results Mean age of patients was 50.3 years. The mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 in tissue samples were significantly higher in RCC patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001). IHC also demonstrated significantly higher expression in tumour samples as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Circulatory levels of GRP78 in serum samples were also significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in RCC patients in comparison to control subjects. The expression of GRP78 in circulation significantly correlated with the pathological tumor stage (p = 0.03), grade of disease (p < 0.001). Conclusion The GRP78 in RCC is significantly upregulated both at molecular and protein level expression. The overexpression of GRP78 correlates with the stage and grade of disease, thereby, highlighting its prognostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Elgohary S, Elkhodiry AA, Amin NS, Stein U, El Tayebi HM. Thymoquinone: A Tie-Breaker in SARS-CoV2-Infected Cancer Patients? Cells 2021; 10:302. [PMID: 33540625 PMCID: PMC7912962 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) pandemic, arace to develop a vaccine has been initiated, considering the massive and rather significant economic and healthcare hits that this virus has caused. The pathophysiology occurring following COVID-19(coronavirus disease-2019) infection has givenhints regarding the supportive and symptomatic treatments to establish for patients, as no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 is available yet. Patient symptoms vary greatly and range from mild symptoms to severe fatal complications. Supportive treatments include antipyretics, antiviral therapies, different combinations of broad-spectrum antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine and plasma transfusion. Unfortunately, cancer patients are at higher risk of viral infection and more likely to develop serious complications due to their immunocompromised state, the fact that they are already administering multiple medications, as well as combined comorbidity compared to the general population. It may seem impossible to find a drug that possesses both potent antiviral and anticancer effects specifically against COVID-19 infection and its complications and the existing malignancy, respectively. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the most pharmacologically active ingredient in Nigella sativa seeds (black seeds); it is reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various settings. In this review, we will discuss the multiple effects of TQ specifically against COVID-19, its beneficial effects against COVID-19 pathophysiology and multiple-organ complications, its use as an adjuvant for supportive COVID-19 therapy and cancer therapy, and finally, its anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Elgohary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Aya A. Elkhodiry
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Nada S. Amin
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
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Wang X, Wu X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang C, Chen J. NLRP6 suppresses gastric cancer growth via GRP78 ubiquitination. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112177. [PMID: 32682010 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) plays a key role in innate immunity, host defense and tumorigenesis. Our previous study has demonstrated the tumor suppressor role of NLRP6 in gastric cancer. In the present study, we explored the interaction protein of NLRP6 by Flag-tagged immunoprecipitation assay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), a heat shock protein, was identified as an interaction protein of NLRP6. The binding of NLRP6 to GRP78 was through the Pyrin domain, and the substrate binding domain (SBD) domain of GRP78 was responsible for the interaction with NLRP6. NLRP6 overexpression enhanced the polyubiquitination of GRP78 in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of GRP78 abolished the effects of NLRP6 overexpression in gastric cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, migration and Cyclin D1 expression. GRP78 knockdown reversed the effects of NLRP6 knockdown on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. NLRP6 expression was negatively correlated with GRP78 expression in human gastric tissues. Tumorigenicity assay indicated that GRP78 mediated the functions of NLRP6 on gastric cancer cell growth in vivo. ON-013100, which could inhibit Cyclin D1 expression, was less effective in treating xenografts of gastric cancer cells with higher level of NLRP6 than in those with lower level of NLRP6. In conclusion, our study suggested that NLRP6 exerted inhibitory effects on gastric cancer cell growth by promoting the ubiquitination of GRP78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (South), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (South), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, PR China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (South), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, PR China.
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Elfiky AA. Ebola virus glycoprotein GP1-host cell-surface HSPA5 binding site prediction. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:541-548. [PMID: 32291698 PMCID: PMC7154572 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is a widespread infection that has created a bad memory in Africa. In the 2014 and 2015 outbreak, more than 28,000 infections were reported by the World Health Organization, with about 11,300 deaths in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5), termed also GRP78, is a host cell chaperone protein responsible for the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum. Under stress, HSPA5 is upregulated and becomes cell-surface exposed. Recent studies report the association of cell-surface HSPA5 with EBOV glycoproteins GP1 and GP2. In this study, structural and sequence analysis and molecular docking are used to predict the possible binding site between the cell-surface HSPA5 and EBOV GP1. The results show a promising binding site that supports the hypothesis of HSPA5 selectivity for binding to a specific peptide sequence (pep42). This study paves the way to suggest possible inhibitors to stop viral association with cell-surface receptors and subsequently reduce viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
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Jiang B, Zhang R, Zhang J, Hou Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Tian X, Hao C, Fan K, Yan X. GRP78-targeted ferritin nanocaged ultra-high dose of doxorubicin for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2167-2182. [PMID: 31149036 PMCID: PMC6531302 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, primarily due to its high incidence of recurrence and metastasis. Considerable efforts have therefore been undertaken to develop effective therapies; however, effective anti-HCC therapies rely on identification of suitable biomarkers, few of which are currently available for drug targeting. Methods: GRP78 was identified as the membrane receptor of HCC-targeted peptide SP94 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analysis. To develop an effective anti-HCC drug nanocarrier, we first displayed GRP78-targeted peptide SP94 onto the exterior surface of Pyrococcus furiosus ferritin Fn (HccFn) by genetic engineering approach, and then loaded doxorubicin (Dox) into the cavities of HccFn via urea-based disassembly/reassembly method, thereby constructing a drug nanocarrier called HccFn-Dox. Results: We demonstrated that HccFn nanocage encapsulated ultra-high dose of Dox (up to 400 molecules Dox/protein nanocage). In vivo animal experiments showed that Dox encapsulated in HccFn-Dox was selectively delivered into HCC tumor cells, and effectively killed subcutaneous and lung metastatic HCC tumors. In addition, HccFn-Dox significantly reduced drug exposure to healthy organs and improved the maximum tolerated dose by six-fold compared with free Dox. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that GRP78 is an effective biomarker for HCC therapy, and GRP78-targeted HccFn nanocage is effective in delivering anti-HCC drug without damage to healthy tissue.
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Ibrahim IM, Abdelmalek DH, Elfiky AA. GRP78: A cell's response to stress. Life Sci 2019; 226:156-163. [PMID: 30978349 PMCID: PMC7094232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone heat shock protein that has been intensely studied in the last two decades. GRP78 is the master of the unfolded protein response (UBR) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in normal cells. GRP78 force the unfolded proteins to refold or degrade using cellular degradation mechanisms. Scope Under stress, the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane mediates the vast amount of disordered proteins. Unfortunately, this makes it a tool for pathogens (bacterial, fungal and viral) to enter the cell and to start different pathways leading to pathogenesis. Additionally, GRP78 is overexpressed on the membranes of various cancer cells and increase the aggressiveness of the disease. Major conclusions The current review summarizes structure, function, and different mechanisms GRP78 mediate in response to normal or stress conditions. General significance GRP78 targeting and possible inhibition mechanisms are also covered in the present review aiming to prevent the virulence of pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Abdelmalek
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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12
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Niu Z, Wang M, Zhou L, Yao L, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Elevated GRP78 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16067. [PMID: 26530532 PMCID: PMC4632002 DOI: 10.1038/srep16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat-shock protein 70 family. We evaluated the expression of GRP78 using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues from 180 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The associations between the expression levels of GRP78, clinicopathological factors, and overall survival were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of GRP78 was significantly higher in PDAC cells than in normal pancreatic duct cells within adjacent nontumor tissues (p < 0.05). The increased expression of GRP78 in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with a higher T-stage (p < 0.05) and a shorter overall survival (OS, p < 0.05). In an in vitro study, the regulation of GRP78 in the PDAC cell lines affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells through the regulation of CyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK6, phospho-signal transducer, activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), janus kinase 2 (JAK2), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), and sterile alpha motif domain containing protein 4 (Smad4). The present data suggest that GRP78 plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and may be a suitable prognostic marker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Kuo LJ, Huang CY, Cheng WL, Hung CS, Wu CT, Lin FY, Chang YJ, Huang MT. Glucose-regulated protein 78 mediates the anticancer efficacy of shikonin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5063-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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14
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Glucose-regulated protein 78 mediates the therapeutic efficacy of 17-DMAG in colon cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4367-76. [PMID: 25618598 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is expressed as part of the molecular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mediates protein folding within the cell. GRP78 is also an important biomarker of cancer progression and the therapeutic response of patients with different cancer types. However, the role of GRP78 in the cytotoxic effect of 17-DMAG in colon cancer cells remains unclear. GRP78 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The anticancer effects of 17-DMAG were assessed by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a flow cytometric cell-cycle analysis, and an Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) apoptotic assay. We found that HT-29 cells expressed a lower level of GRP78 compared with DLD-1 cells. The MTT assay revealed that HT-29 cells were more sensitive to 17-DMAG treatment than DLD-1 cells. GRP78 knock down (GRP78KD) cells demonstrated an increased sensitivity to 17-DMAG treatment compared with the scrambled control cells. Based on the cell-cycle analysis and Annexin V-PI apoptotic assay, apoptosis dramatically increased in GRP78KD cells compared with scrambled control DLD-1 cells after these cells were treated with 17-DMAG. Finally, we observed a decrease in the level of Bcl-2 and an increase in the levels of Bad and Bax in GRP78KD cells treated with 17-DMAG. These results are consistent with an increased sensitivity to 17-DMAG after knock down of GRP78. The level of GRP78 expression may determine the therapeutic efficacy of 17-DMAG against colon cancer cells.
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15
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GRP78 mediates the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin on colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:633-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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16
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GRP78 promotes the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by FAK and JNK. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:55-62. [PMID: 25218495 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The major characteristics of pancreatic cancer are its excessive local invasion and early systemic dissemination. The glucose-regulated protein is over-expressed in many human cancers including pancreatic cancer and correlated with invasion and metastasis in many cancers. To investigate the effect of Grp78 on the invasion of pancreatic cancer, we used western blot and Transwell assay. We found Grp78 is expressed at lower levels in capan-2 and higher expressed in MiaPaCa-2 cells, and Grp78 expression levels were correlated with the invasion potentials of tumor cells. Then,we increased the expression of Grp78 in capan-2 cells and decreased the expression of Grp78 in MiaPaCa-2 cells. We found that over-expression of Grp78 caused significant increase in the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-14, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in Capan-2 cells. Consistently, knockdown of Grp78 decreased the expression of them in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Gelatin zymography showed Grp78 over-expression stimulated the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, while GRP78 knockdown reduced the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Cytoskeleton staining showed that knockdown of Grp78 caused a marked increase in cytoskeleton F-actin stress fibers in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Consistently, GRP78 knockdown hyperactivated RhoA and inhibited significantly Rac activity. Grp78 over-expression decreases the RhoA and stimulated Rac activity. We also found that Grp78 modulated FAK and JNK signaling pathways. Over-expression of GRP78 in Capan-2 activated FAK and JNK. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of FAK by shRNA in combination with blockade of JNK signaling pathway with SP600125 completely inhibited GRP78-induced cancer cell invasion. GRP78 is involved in the regulation of pancreatic cancer invasion. FAK and JNK are the key downstream effectors of GRP78.
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17
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Thrombomodulin mediates the migratory ability of hormone-independent prostate cancer cells through the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition biomarkers. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6047-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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