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Luca T, Malfa GA, Siracusa L, La Mantia A, Bianchi S, Napoli E, Puleo S, Sergi A, Acquaviva R, Castorina S. Redox State Modulatory Activity and Cytotoxicity of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) Leaves Extract Enriched in Polyphenols Using Macroporous Resin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:73. [PMID: 38247497 PMCID: PMC10812475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The food products derived from Olea europaea are a fundamental part of the Mediterranean diet, and their health-promoting effects are well known. In this study, we analyzed the phytochemical characteristics, the redox state modulatory activity, and the cytotoxic effect of an olive leaf aqueous extract enriched by macroporous resin on different tumor and normal cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, HFF-1). HPLC-DAD analysis, the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods confirmed the qualitatively and quantitatively high content of phenolic compounds (130.02 ± 2.3 mg GAE/g extract), and a DPPH assay (IC50 = 100.00 ± 1.8 μg/mL), the related antioxidant activity. The biological investigation showed a significant cytotoxic effect, highlighted by an MTT test and the evident cellular morphological changes, on two prostate cancer cell lines. Remarkably, the extract was practically non-toxic on HFF-1 at the concentrations (100, 150, 300 µg/mL) and exposure times tested. Hence, the results are selective for tumor cells. The underlying cytotoxicity was associated with the decrease in ROS production (55% PC3, 42% LNCaP) and the increase in RSH levels (>50% PC3) and an LDH release assay (50% PC3, 40% LNCaP, established necrosis as the main cell death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council ICB-CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Alfonsina La Mantia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Simone Bianchi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council ICB-CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Angelo Sergi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.L.); (S.C.)
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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Lamloum NS, Soliman HA, Rashad Ahmed R, Ahmed OM, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Kotob MH, Zaky MY. Improvement effects of green tea and pumpkin oils on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced Multiple sclerosis in rats. J Funct Foods 2023; 111:105876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
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Zhou J, Qin X, Li L, Tian D, Zou Z, Gu Z, Su L. Heat stress-induced intestinal epithelial cells necroptosis via TLR3-TRIF-RIP3 pathway was dependent on p53. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110574. [PMID: 37421775 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heatstroke is a life-threatening disease. Present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism in heat induced intestinal epithelial cell death. METHOD Heat stress in vitro model was established on IEC cells with 42℃ for 2 h. Caspase-8 inhibitor, Caspase-3 inhibitor, RIP3 inhibitor, TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C) and p53 knockdown were used to determine the signaling pathway. Heatstroke in vivo model was established on C57BL/6 mice, with a temperature of 35.5℃±0.5℃ and a relative humidity of 60% ± 5%. The intestine necroptosis and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Pifithrin α (3 mg/kg) and p53 knockout mice were used to evaluate the role of p53. RESULTS Heat stress-induced reduction of cell viability was remarkable reversed by RIP3 inhibitor. Heat stress induced upregulation of TLR3 and facilitate the formation of TRIF-RIP3 complex. The heat stress induced upregulation of RIP3 and p-RIP3 were normalized by the deletion of p53. Meanwhile, p53 knockout decreased TLR3 expression and blocked the formation of TLR3-TRIF complex. The deletion of p53 blocked the decreased cell viability and restored the activation of RIP3-MLKL signaling after heat stress, however, which were abolished by re-expression of p53 via Tp53 OE. Increased the expression of TLR3 in the p53-deficient cells could not affect the heat stress induced necrotic cell death, which suggests that heat stress induced necroptosis via TLR3-TRIF-RIP3 signaling pathway is dependent on p53. CONCLUSION Heat stress promoted p53 phosphorylation, then upregulated TLR3 and enhanced the interaction of TRIF-RIP3, which would activate the RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway to mediate necroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Xihe Qin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China; Eusyn Medical Technology Company, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Afliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Oncology Department, Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Zhimin Zou
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Afliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Treatment Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Afliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Su
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
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4
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Baloghová J, Michalková R, Baranová Z, Mojžišová G, Fedáková Z, Mojžiš J. Spice-Derived Phenolic Compounds: Potential for Skin Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6251. [PMID: 37687080 PMCID: PMC10489044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Different types of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the advancements in targeted therapies, there is still a need for a safer, highly efficient approach to preventing and treating cutaneous malignancies. Spices have a rich history dating back thousands of years and are renowned for their ability to enhance the flavor, taste, and color of food. Derived from various plant parts like seeds, fruits, bark, roots, or flowers, spices are important culinary ingredients. However, their value extends beyond the culinary realm. Some spices contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are known for their significant biological effects. These compounds have attracted attention in scientific research due to their potential health benefits, including their possible role in disease prevention and treatment, such as cancer. This review focuses on examining the potential of spice-derived phenolic compounds as preventive or therapeutic agents for managing skin cancers. By compiling and analyzing the available knowledge, this review aims to provide insights that can guide future research in identifying new anticancer phytochemicals and uncovering additional mechanisms for combating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Baloghová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Baranová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mojžišová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Fedáková
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
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Alam M, Hasan GM, Eldin SM, Adnan M, Riaz MB, Islam A, Khan I, Hassan MI. Investigating regulated signaling pathways in therapeutic targeting of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114452. [PMID: 36878052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. The signaling cascades are stimulated via genetic modifications in upstream signaling molecules, which affect apoptotic, proliferative, and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of these signaling cascades causes cancer-initiating cell proliferation, cancer development, and drug resistance. Numerous efforts in the treatment of NSCLC have been undertaken in the past few decades, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer development and moving forward to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Modifications of transcription factors and connected pathways are utilized to develop new treatment options for NSCLC. Developing designed inhibitors targeting specific cellular signaling pathways in tumor progression has been recommended for the therapeutic management of NSCLC. This comprehensive review provided deeper mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanism of action of various signaling molecules and their targeting in the clinical management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Riaz
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdnask, Poland; Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Ashry R, Elhussiny M, Abdellatif H, Elkashty O, Abdel-Ghaffar HA, Gaballa ET, Mousa SA. Genetic Interpretation of the Impacts of Honokiol and EGCG on Apoptotic and Self-Renewal Pathways in HEp-2 Human Laryngeal CD44 high Cancer Stem Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2152-2173. [PMID: 34590505 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1981404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most current larynx cancer therapies are generally aimed at the global mass of tumor, targeting the non-tumorigenic cells, and unfortunately sparing the tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are responsible for sustained growth, metastasis, and chemo- and radioresistance. Phytochemicals and herbs have recently been introduced as therapeutic sources for eliminating CSCs. Therefore, we assessed the anti-tumor effects of two herbal ingredients, the green tea extract "Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)" and Honokiol (HNK), on parental cells or CD44high CSCs of the human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line HEp-2. Results revealed that EGCG had a preeminent apoptotic potential on HEp-2 laryngeal CSCs. HNK conferred higher cytotoxic impacts on parental cells mostly by necrosis induction, especially with higher doses, but apoptosis induction with lower doses was also observed. The Notch signaling pathway genes were more potently suppressed by EGCG than HNK. However, HNK surpassed EGCG in downregulating the β-catenin and the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways genes. On a genetic basis, both agents engaged the BCL-2 family-regulated and caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway, but EGCG and HNK triggered apoptosis via p53-independent and p53-dependent pathways, respectively. Taken together, EGCG and HNK eradicated HEp-2 human larynx cancer cells through targeting multiple self-renewal pathways and activating diverse cell death modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Ashry
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elhussiny
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abdellatif
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.,Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Osama Elkashty
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Craniofacial Tissue and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hassan A Abdel-Ghaffar
- Hematology Laboratory, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Hematology section, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Essam T Gaballa
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Delta University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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Tajaldini M, Asadi J. The Use of Bio-Active Compounds of Citrus Fruits as Chemopreventive Agents and Inhibitor of Cancer Cells Viability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1058-1068. [PMID: 32698740 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Common therapy of cancer, such as chemotherapy, has various side effects for the patients. In recent studies, new therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment are adjuvant therapy, along with a reduction in side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Treatment by herbal medicines may have some advantages over treatment with single purified chemicals, also in terms of side effects, the use of plants in cancer treatment is a more secure method. Citrus fruits are one of the most consumed natural products in the world due to the presence of various metabolites and bioactive compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids and, carotenoids. Bioactive compounds of citrus modulate signaling pathways and interact with signaling molecules such as apoptotic and cell cycle (P53, P21, etc.) and thus have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and oxidative stress. The findings discussed in this review strongly support their potential as anti-cancer agents. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the effects of active compounds in citrus as a therapy agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischimic Disorder Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorder Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Xue C, Gu X, Li G, Bao Z, Li L. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Necroptosis in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010066. [PMID: 33374660 PMCID: PMC7793526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death represents a basic biological paradigm that governs outcomes and long-term sequelae in almost every hepatic disease. Necroptosis is a common form of programmed cell death in the liver. Necroptosis can be activated by ligands of death receptors, which then interact with receptor-interactive protein kinases 1 (RIPK1). RIPK1 mediates receptor interacting receptor-interactive protein kinases 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and necrosome formation. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial-mediated necroptosis, the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necrosome complex can enhance oxidative respiration and generate reactive oxygen species, which can be a crucial factor in the susceptibility of cells to necroptosis. The necrosome complex is also linked to mitochondrial components such as phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), metabolic enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrial permeability protein, and cyclophilin D. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondria-mediated cell necroptosis in acute liver injury, chronic liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and its possible translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (C.X.); (X.G.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Thakral F, Singhal P, Aggarwal D, Srivastava S, Pandey A, Sak K, Varol M, Khan MA, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms of action of hesperidin in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:486-497. [PMID: 32050794 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220903671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin belongs to flavanones class of flavonoids and is known to possess broad-spectrum applicability to prevent dreadful diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The reported anticancer effects of hesperidin have been found to be associated with its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hesperidin interacts with numerous recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, evidence has suggested its promising role in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. The present mini-review highlights the ongoing development to identify hesperidin targets in cancer. Furthermore, the potential of nano technology-based hesperidin combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed. Overall, this review highlights all the possible molecular targets affected by hesperidin in tumor cells on a single platform. Impact statement Experimental findings from numerous studies have demonstrated the anticancer effects of hesperidin (Hesp) to be associated with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with its potential role in inhibiting the tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, Hesp can also reverse drug resistance of cancer cells, which make it a promising candidate to be used in combination with existing anti-cancer drugs. This review will be helpful for upcoming researchers and scientific community to find out complete capsular package about cancer drug targets of Hesp and its role in modulating various important hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Paavan Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Anjana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla TR48000, Turkey
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Pawlik N, Polka D, Nowak A, Koziołkiewicz M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus Fruit Phenolic Compounds as Cytoprotective Agents Able to Decrease Free Fatty Acids and Glucose Uptake by Caco-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080262. [PMID: 31374918 PMCID: PMC6721057 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying food-originated phytocompounds with beneficial influences for humans. Amongst the most active natural substances are polyphenols, for which high content has been identified in the Viburnum opulus berry, and which are unused in Western Europe. Due to its strong antioxidant activity we explored the potential of V. opulus as a preventive agent against diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among the causes of these ailments is oxidative stress, as well as impaired glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) uptake. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine biological activity of V. opulus phenolic extracts as cytoprotective agents able to decrease induced oxidative stress, lower lipid accumulation and attenuate glucose and FFA uptake by Caco-2 cells via GLUT2 and CD36/FAT transporters. To determine the source of the most biologically active phenolic compounds, we obtained four phenolic compounds extracts as crude juice, phenolics isolated from juice and two preparations of phenolics obtained with different extraction agents from fruit pomace. Among the studied extracts, the phenolic rich fraction obtained from fruit juice revealed the strongest activity to decrease uptake of glucose, FFA and accumulation of lipid droplets in Caco-2 cells without affecting their viability (IC0 50 μg/mL). Observed uptake attenuation was followed by decrease of the CD36/FAT gene expression, without influence on the GLUT2 and PPARα levels. We suspect that V. opulus phenolics were able to modulate the cellular membrane dynamic, although that hypothesis requires further, more detailed studies. Extracts revealed strong chemo-preventive activity against oxidative stress induced chemically by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as well as against DNA damage through the induction of DNA repair after cell exposition to methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and H2O2. Our findings suggest Viburnum opulus fruit as a dietary source of phytocompounds, which could be considered as a tailored design food supplement components for the prevention and treatment of postprandial elevation of glucose and fatty acids through delaying the rate of glucose and fatty acid absorption by intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Nina Pawlik
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Polka
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Koziołkiewicz
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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13
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Wang QM, Lv L, Tang Y, Zhang L, Wang LF. MMP-1 is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and the knockdown of MMP-1 expression inhibits tumor cell malignant behaviors in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1732-1740. [PMID: 30675232 PMCID: PMC6341686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) is a member of the zinc-dependent endopeptidase family, which cleaves the extracellular matrix. The present study investigated the functional role of MMP-1 in breast cancer ex vivo and in vitro in order to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The levels of MMP-1 were analyzed in 99 breast cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A stable short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of MMP-1 expression was performed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the effects were examined using MTT and colony formation assays, as well as migration and invasion assays, while western blotting was used to detect the activation of intracellular signaling. The MMP-1 protein was more highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues than in estrogen receptor(+) and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor(3+) breast cancer tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the MMP-1 levels were significantly higher in the tumor and tumor stromal cells of lymph node metastatic breast cancer tissues than in those of non-metastatic tissues. The knockdown of MMP-1 expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells using MMP-1 shRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the expression of the Myc proto-oncogene protein, phosphorylated and total RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase 1, and B-cell lymphoma 2, but increased the protein levels of apoptosis regulator BAX and caspase 3. In conclusion, the data suggest that MMP-1 serves an important role in breast cancer development and metastasis. Future studies should assess MMP-1 as a prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer and its inhibition as a novel strategy for controlling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Li-Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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Escobar SJDM, Fong GM, Winnischofer SMB, Simone M, Munoz L, Dennis JM, Rocha MEM, Witting PK. Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities of the flavonoid isoliquiritigenin in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:77-87. [PMID: 30502331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with high mortality. We evaluated the capacity of the flavonoid, isoliquiritigenin (4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone; ISL) to inhibit cellular proliferation and migration in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Incubation of cultured SH-SY5Y cells with 20-100 μM ISL decreased cell confluency (15-70%) after 24 h incubation, while 10-100 μM ISL (24 h) depleted intracellular ATP stores (15-90% vs vehicle-treated control) after 24 h incubation. ISL-mediated cell toxicity did not involve intracellular caspase 3/7 activation, externalization of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane or stimulation of TNF and IL-1β release, all indicating that the flavonoid did not induce apoptosis. Pre-treatment of cells with necrostatin-1, a necroptosis inhibitor, significantly restored ATP levels (ATP levels increased 12-42%) in ISL-treated neuroblastoma cells indicative of enhanced viability. By contrast, RIP1 phosphorylation status remained unchanged in cells treated with ISL although the intracellular ratio of phosphorylated/total parental RIP1 increased after ISL treatment on SH-SY5Y cells indicating that ISL decreased levels of native RIP1. In addition, ISL treatment inhibited SH-SY5Y cell migration/proliferation in a scratch assay and arrested cell cycle transition by significantly decreasing the number of cells in G0/G1 phase and increasing populations by ~10% in S (primarily) and G2/M (lesser extent) phases. The intracellular ratio of phosphorylated/total ERK 1/2 and p38 remained unchanged after ISL treatment (up to 40 μM); ERK activation was only determined at ISL dose well above the experimental IC50 value as judged by ELISA analyses and this did not correlate with ISL cytotoxicity at lower dose <40 μM; Western blot assay confirmed the detection of phosphorylated (p-)ERK1/2 and (p-)p38 in ISL treated cells. Together the results suggest that ISL exerts anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity on SHSY5Y cells through the loss of ATP, induction of cell cycle arrest, and cell death largely via a necroptotic mechanism in the absence of apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane J de M Escobar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Genevieve M Fong
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Simone
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Neuropharmacology Groups, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dennis
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Eliane M Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paul K Witting
- Redox Biology, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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16
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Green tea extract affects porcine ovarian cell apoptosis. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:94-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Meng MB, Wang HH, Cui YL, Wu ZQ, Shi YY, Zaorsky NG, Deng L, Yuan ZY, Lu Y, Wang P. Necroptosis in tumorigenesis, activation of anti-tumor immunity, and cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57391-57413. [PMID: 27429198 PMCID: PMC5302997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the mechanisms underlying apoptosis and autophagy have been well characterized over recent decades, another regulated cell death event, necroptosis, remains poorly understood. Elucidating the signaling networks involved in the regulation of necroptosis may allow this form of regulated cell death to be exploited for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and will contribute to the understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms and regulation of necroptosis, the converging and diverging features of necroptosis in tumorigenesis, activation of anti-tumor immunity, and cancer therapy, as well as attempts to exploit this newly gained knowledge to provide therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Bin Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao-Li Cui
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang-Yang Shi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Thoracic Cancer and Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Cancer and Huaxi Student Society of Oncology Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Wang J, Bai X, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Mao X, Zhang K. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the role of tea polyphenol EGCG in egg whites in response to vanadium stress. Nutrition 2017; 39-40:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Teng YS, Wu D. Anti-Fatigue Effect of Green Tea Polyphenols (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG). Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:326-331. [PMID: 28539729 PMCID: PMC5421434 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.204546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant of the green tea polyphenols that exhibit a variety of bioactivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue effect of EGCG by forced swimming exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were divided into one control group and three EGCG-treated groups. The control group was administered with distilled water and EGCG-treated groups were administered with different dose of EGCG (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 28 days. On the last day of experiment, the forced swimming exercise was performed and corresponding biochemical parameters were measured. RESULTS The data showed that EGCG prolonged exhaustive swimming time, decreasing the levels of blood lactic acid, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatine kinase and malondialdehyde, which were accompanied by corresponding increase in liver and muscle glycogen contents, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that EGCG had an anti-fatigue effect. SUMMARY EGCG significantly prolonged exhaustive swimming time and decreased the levels of BLA, SUN, SCK and MDA, which were accompanied by corresponding increases in liver and muscle glycogen contents, and SOD, CAT, and GPx activities.EGCG can be used to design nutraceutical supplements aimed to facilitate recovery from fatigue and attenuate exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative damage. Abbreviations used: EGCG: (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ROS: reactive oxygen species, BLA: blood lactic acid, SUN: serum urea nitrogen, SOD: superoxide dismutase, GPx: glutathione peroxidase, CAT: catalase, SCK: serum creatine kinase, MDA: malondialdehyde, C: control, LET: Low-dose EGCG-treated, MET: Middle-dose EGCG-treated, HET: High-dose EGCG-treated, GTE: green tea extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-song Teng
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, P.R. China
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20
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Jing J, Jiang X, Chen J, Yao X, Zhao M, Li P, Pan Y, Ren Y, Liu W, Lyu L. Notch signaling pathway promotes the development of ovine ovarian follicular granulosa cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 181:69-78. [PMID: 28400072 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis involved in development of the organs and tissues such as nervous system, cartilage, lungs, kidneys and prostate as well as the ovarian follicles. This study aimed to investigate the mRNA expression and localization of NOTCH2, as the key factor in Notch signaling pathway. This was determined by PCR, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the effects of inhibiting Notch signaling pathway with different concentrations (5μM, 10μM and 20μM) of N-[N-(3, 5-Difuorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), an inhibitor of Notch signaling pathway, on ovine granulosa cells was determined in vitro by detecting estradiol production using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and expressions of the genes related to the cell cycle and apoptosis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). NOTCH2, the key member of Notch signaling pathway, was found in ovine follicles, and the expression of NOTCH2 mRNA was highest in the theca cells of the follicles in medium sizes (3-5mm in diameter) and granulosa cells of the follicles in large sizes (>5mm in diameter). Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that NOTCH2 protein was expressed in granulosa cells of preantral follicles, in both granulosa cells and theca cells of antral follicles. Compared with DAPT-treated groups, the control group had a higher number of granulosa cells (P<0.05) and a higher estradiol production (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA abundances of HES1, MYC, BAX, BCL2 and CYP19A1 in DAPT-treated groups was lower (P<0.05), respectively; whereas, the expression of CCND2, CDKN1A and TP53 mRNA showed no remarkable difference compared with control group. Collectively, Notch signaling pathway could be involved in the ovine follicular development by regulating the growth and estradiol production of granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjie Jing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Youshe Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihua Lyu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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Zhang H, Shang YP, Chen HY, Li J. Histone deacetylases function as novel potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:149-159. [PMID: 27457249 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diverse cellular functions, including tumor suppressor gene expression, DNA repair, cell proliferation and apoptosis, are regulated by histone acetylation and deacetylation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes involved in remodeling of chromatin by deacetylating the lysine residues. They play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of HDACs and aberrant chromatin acetylation and deacetylation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Histone deacetylases have become a target for the development of drugs for treating cancer because of their major contribution to oncogenic cell transformation. Overexpression of HDACs correlates with tumorigenesis. Previous work showed that inhibition of HDACs results in apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation in multiple cells. A significant number of HDAC inhibitors have been developed in the past decade. These inhibitors have strong anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, inducing growth arrest, differentiation, and programmed cell death, inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, and suppressing angiogenesis. In addition, HDAC-mediated deacetylation alters the transcriptional activity of nuclear transcription factors, including p53, E2F, c-Myc, and nuclear factor-κB, as well as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways. This review highlights the role of HDACs in cancer pathogenesis and, more importantly, that HDACs are potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital and West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
| | - Yu-Ping Shang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital and West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital and West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Guamán-Ortiz LM, Orellana MIR, Ratovitski EA. Natural Compounds As Modulators of Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:132-155. [PMID: 28367073 PMCID: PMC5345338 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803150639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an innate capability of cells to be removed from microenvironment, if and when they are damaged by multiple stresses. Cell death is often regulated by multiple molecular pathways and mechanism, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. The molecular network underlying these processes is often intertwined and one pathway can dynamically shift to another one acquiring certain protein components, in particular upon treatment with various drugs. The strategy to treat human cancer ultimately relies on the ability of anticancer therapeutics to induce tumor-specific cell death, while leaving normal adjacent cells undamaged. However, tumor cells often develop the resistance to the drug-induced cell death, thus representing a great challenge for the anticancer approaches. Numerous compounds originated from the natural sources and biopharmaceutical industries are applied today in clinics showing advantageous results. However, some exhibit serious toxic side effects. Thus, novel effective therapeutic approaches in treating cancers are continued to be developed. Natural compounds with anticancer activity have gained a great interest among researchers and clinicians alike since they have shown more favorable safety and efficacy then the synthetic marketed drugs. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have found that several natural compounds display promising anticancer potentials. This review underlines certain information regarding the role of natural compounds from plants, microorganisms and sea life forms, which are able to induce non-apoptotic cell death in tumor cells, namely autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Guamán-Ortiz
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Ramirez Orellana
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward A Ratovitski
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sun Y, Tsao R, Chen F, Li H, Peng H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Deng Z. The phenolic profiles of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) and their antitumor effects and antioxidant activities in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4014-4027. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00769h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photographic illustrations of phenolic profiles, antitumor effects and antioxidant activities of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) in H22 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
- Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada
- Guelph
- Canada
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Han Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang 330004
- China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
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Wang Y, Huang ZH, Li YJ, He GW, Yu RY, Yang J, Liu WT, Li B, He QY. Dynamic quantitative proteomics characterization of TNF-α-induced necroptosis. Apoptosis 2016; 21:1438-1446. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nie C, Zhou J, Qin X, Shi X, Zeng Q, Liu J, Yan S, Zhang L. Reduction of apoptosis by proanthocyanidin-induced autophagy in the human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:649-58. [PMID: 26572257 PMCID: PMC4689485 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are flavonoids that are widely present in the skin and seeds of various plants, with the highest content in grape seeds. Many experiments have shown that proanthocyanidins have antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells induced by drugs are two of the major causes of tumor cell death. However, reports on the effect of autophagy induced by drugs in tumor cells are not consistent and suggest that autophagy can have synergistic or antagonistic effects with apoptosis. This research was aimed at investigating whether proanthocyanidins induced autophagy and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 cells and to identify the mechanism of proanthocyanidins action to further determine the effect of proanthocyanidins-induced autophagy on apoptosis. MTT assay was used to examine the proanthocyanidin cytotoxicity against human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. Transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining were used to detect autophagy. Annexin V APC/7-AAD double staining and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) double staining were used to explore apoptosis. Western blotting was used to determine expression of proteins related to autophagy and apoptosis. Real-time quantitative PCR technology was used to determine the mRNA level of Beclin1 and BCL-2. The results showed that proanthocyanidins exhibit a significant inhibitory effect on the human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 proliferation in vitro and simultaneously activate autophagy and apoptosis to promote cell death. Furthermore, when proanthocyanidin-induced autophagy is inhibited, apoptosis increases significantly, proanthocyanidins can be used together with autophagy inhibitors to enhance cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Nie
- Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Qin
- Nanjing KeyGEN Biotech Co., Ltd., Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingqi Zeng
- Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shihai Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Qinhuai, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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The role of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 in ovarian cancer cell tumorigenesis and invasion. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5375-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Curcumin induces apoptosis in p53-null Hep3B cells through a TAp73/DNp73-dependent pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4203-12. [PMID: 26490992 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has anticancer functions in various tumors. It has been shown to induce apoptosis through p53-dependent pathways. p73 gene is a member of the p53 family which encodes both a tumor suppressor (transactivation-competent p73 (TAp73)) and a putative oncogene (dominant-negative p73 (DNp73)); the former shares similarity with the tumor suppressor p53, and the latter behaves as dominant-negative proteins that interfere with the activity of TAp73. To understand the p73-dependent mechanisms that are engaged during curcumin-induced apoptosis, we established a p73 overexpression cell models using p53-deficient Hep3B cells (Hep3B(TAp73/DNp73)). Our results demonstrated that curcumin at concentrations of 40 and 80 μM induced DNA damage, increased TAp73/DNp73 ratio, and also led to apoptosis in the Hep3B(TAp73/DNp73) cells. The apoptotic cell death was concurrent with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; and the cleavage of caspase 9, caspase 3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results demonstrated a p73-dependent mechanism for curcumin-induced apoptosis that involves the mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Ooko E, Saeed MEM, Kadioglu O, Sarvi S, Colak M, Elmasaoudi K, Janah R, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Artemisinin derivatives induce iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) in tumor cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1045-54. [PMID: 26407947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis and other forms of cell death have been intensively investigated in the past years to explain the mode of action of synthetic anticancer drugs and natural products. Recently, a new form of cell death emerged, which was termed ferroptosis, because it depends on intracellular iron. Here, the role of genes involved in iron metabolism and homeostasis for the cytotoxicity of ten artemisinin derivatives have been systematically investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Log10IC50 values of 10 artemisinin derivatives (artesunate, artemether, arteether, artenimol, artemisitene, arteanuin B, another monomeric artemisinin derivative and three artemisinin dimer molecules) were correlated to the microarray-based mRNA expression of 30 iron-related genes in 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) as determined in 218 different microarray hybridization experiments. The effect of desferoxamine and ferrostatin-1 on the cytotoxicity of artenimol of CCRF-CEM cells was determined by resazurin assays. The mRNA expression of TFRC was exemplarily validated by immunohistochemical detection of transferrin receptor protein expression. RESULTS The mRNA expression of 20 genes represented by 59 different cDNA clones significantly correlated to the log10IC50 values for the artemisinins, including genes encoding transferrin (TF), transferrin receptors 1 and 2 (TFRC, TFR2), cerulopasmin (CP), lactoferrin (LTF) and others. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine led to a significantly reduced cytotoxicity of artenimol, indicating ferroptosis as cell death mode. CONCLUSION The numerous iron-related genes, whose expression correlated with the response to artemisinin derivatives speak in factor for the relevance of iron for the cytotoxic activity of these compounds. Treatment with ferroptosis-inducing agents such as artemisinin derivatives represents an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Pre-therapeutic determination of iron-related genes may indicate tumor sensitivity to artemisinins. Ferroptosis induced by artemisinin-type drugs deserve further investigation for individualized tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shabnam Sarvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Merve Colak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaoutar Elmasaoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rabab Janah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal, and Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal, and Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hesperidin from Citrus seed induces human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Tumour Biol 2015. [PMID: 26194866 PMCID: PMC4841854 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus seeds are full of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids. The aims of this study were to identify the types of flavonoids in Citrus seed extracts, the cytotoxic effect, mode of cell death, and signaling pathway in human hepatic cancer HepG2 cells. The flavonoids contain anticancer, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant activities. Neohesperidin, hesperidin, and naringin, active flavanone glycosides, were identified in Citrus seed extract. The cytotoxic effect of three compounds was in a dose-dependent manner, and IC50 levels were determined. The sensitivity of human HepG2 cells was as follows: hesperidin > naringin > neohesperidin > naringenin. Hesperidin induced HepG2 cells to undergo apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by the externalization of phosphatidylserine and determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining using flow cytometry. Hesperidin did not induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, which was determined by using 2',7'-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry method. The number of hesperidin-treated HepG2 cells with the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential increased concentration dependently, using 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide employing flow cytometry. Caspase-9, -8, and -3 activities were activated and increased in hesperidin-treated HepG2 cells. Bcl-xL protein was downregulated whereas Bax, Bak, and tBid protein levels were upregulated after treatment with hesperidin in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the bioflavanone from Citrus seeds, hesperidin, induced human HepG2 cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway. Citrus seed flavonoids are beneficial and can be developed as anticancer drug or food supplement, which still needs further in vivo investigation in animals and human beings.
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Induction of S phase arrest and apoptosis by ethyl acetate extract from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2541-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Jiang SH, Shang L, Xue LX, Ding W, Chen S, Ma RF, Huang JF, Xiong K. The effect and underlying mechanism of Timosaponin B-II on RGC-5 necroptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:459. [PMID: 25439561 PMCID: PMC4258277 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is an important mode of cell death, which is due to oxidant stress accumulation. Our previous study indicated that oxidant stresses could be reduced by Timosaponin B-II (TBII), a kind of Chinese herb RhizomaAnemarrhenae monomer extraction. We wonder the possible effect of Timosaponin B-II, whether it can protect cells from necroptosis via reducing the oxidant stress, in RGC-5 following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult. Methods RGC-5 cells were grown in DMEM, the model group was exposed in H2O2 with the concentration of 300 μM, and the experimental group was pre-treated with Timosaponin B-II at different concentrations (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM and 1000 μM) for 24 hrs. MTT assay was carried out to measure the cytotoxicity of H2O2, MDA concentration assay was executed to evaluate the degree of oxidative stress, TNF-α ELISA Assay was used to measure the concentration of TNF-α, finally, the degree of necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results We first constructed the cell injury model of necroptosis in RGC-5 upon H2O2 exposure. Morphological observation and MTT assay were used to evaluate the degree of RGC-5 death. MDA assay were carried out to describe the degree of oxidant stress. Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect necroptotic cells pre-treated with or without Timosaponin B-II following H2O2 injury. TNF-α ELISA was carried out to detect the TNF-α accumulation in RGC-5. Upon using Timosaponin B-II with concentration of 100 μM, the percentage of cell viability was increased from 50% to 75%, and the necrosis of cells was reduced from 35% to 20% comparing with H2O2 injury group. Oxidant stress and TNF-α was reduced upon injury which decreased the ratio of RGC-5 necroptosis. Conclusion Our study found out that Timosaponin B-II might reduce necroptosis via inhibition of ROS and TNF-α accumulation in RGC-5 following H2O2 injury.
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