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Fu W, Lin Y, Bai M, Yao J, Huang C, Gao L, Mi N, Ma H, Tian L, Yue P, Zhang Y, zhang J, Ren Y, Ding L, Dai L, Leung JW, Yuan J, Zhang W, Meng W. Beyond ribosomal function: RPS6 deficiency suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth by disrupting alternative splicing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3931-3948. [PMID: 39309509 PMCID: PMC11413689 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a bile duct malignancy with a dismal prognosis. This study systematically investigated the role of the ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) gene, which is dependent in CCA. We found that RPS6 upregulation in CCA tissues was correlated with a poor prognosis. Functional investigations have shown that alterations in RPS6 expression, both gain- and loss-of function could affect the proliferation of CCA cells. In xenograft tumor models, RPS6 overexpression enhances tumorigenicity, whereas RPS6 silencing reduces it. Integration analysis using RNA-seq and proteomics elucidated downstream signaling pathways of RPS6 depletion by affecting the cell cycle, especially DNA replication. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry has identified numerous spliceosome complex proteins associated with RPS6. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that RPS6 affects numerous alternative splicing (AS) events, and combined with RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, revealed that minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) binds to RPS6, which regulates its AS and increases oncogenic activity in CCA. Targeting RPS6 with vivo phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (V-PMO) significantly inhibited the growth of CCA cells, patient-derived organoids, and subcutaneous xenograft tumor. Taken together, the data demonstrate that RPS6 is an oncogenic regulator in CCA and that RPS6-V-PMO could be repositioned as a promising strategy for treating CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Fu
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chongfei Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Long Gao
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Liang Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinduo zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Liyun Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicne, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Ribosomes and Ribosomal Proteins Promote Plasticity and Stemness Induction in Glioma Cells via Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142142. [PMID: 35883585 PMCID: PMC9323835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal tumor that develops in the adult brain. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies related to surgical resection and chemo-radiotherapy, the overall survival of patients with GBM remains unsatisfactory. Genetic research on mutation, amplification, and deletion in GBM cells is important for understanding the biological aggressiveness, diagnosis, and prognosis of GBM. However, the efficacy of drugs targeting the genetic abnormalities in GBM cells is limited. Investigating special microenvironments that induce chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells is critical to improving the survival and quality of life of patients with GBM. GBM cells acquire and maintain stem-cell-like characteristics via their intrinsic potential and extrinsic factors from their special microenvironments. The acquisition of stem-cell-like phenotypes and aggressiveness may be referred to as a reprogramming of GBM cells. In addition to protein synthesis, deregulation of ribosome biogenesis is linked to several diseases including cancer. Ribosomal proteins possess both tumor-promotive and -suppressive functions as extra-ribosomal functions. Incorporation of ribosomes and overexpression of ribosomal protein S6 reprogram and induce stem-cell-like phenotypes in GBM cells. Herein, we review recent literature and our published data on the acquisition of aggressiveness by GBM and discuss therapeutic options through reprogramming.
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Tang Y, Luo J, Zhou Y, Zang H, Yang Y, Liu S, Zheng H, Ma J, Fan S, Wen Q. Overexpressed p-S6 associates with lymph node metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:564. [PMID: 35596155 PMCID: PMC9123697 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ribosomal protein S6 (S6), a downstream effect media of the AKT/mTOR pathway, not only is a part of 40S small subunit of eukaryotic ribosome, but also involves in protein synthesis and cell proliferation during cancer development. Methods In present study, we explore the association between phosphorylated S6 (p-S6) protein expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognostic implications in NSCLC. P-S6 was detected in tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 350 NSCLC, 53 non-cancerous lung tissues (Non-CLT), and 88 cases of matched metastatic lymph node lesions via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Transwell assays and wound healing assay were used to assess the effects of p-S6 inhibition on NSCLC cell metastasis. Results The p-S6 expression in NSCLC was more evident than that in Non-CLT (p < 0.05). Compared to NSCLC patients who have no lymph node metastasis (LNM), those with LNM had higher p-S6 expression (p = 0.001). Regardless of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma (ADC), p-S6 was increased obviously in metastatic lymph nodes compared with matched primary cancers (p = 0.001, p = 0.022, respectively). Inhibition of p-S6 decreased the metastasis ability of NSCLC cells. In addition, p-S6 was an independent predicted marker for LNM in patients with NSCLC (p < 0.001). According to survival analysis, patients with highly expressed p-S6 had a lower survival rate compared with that with lower expression (p = 0.013). P-S6 is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients (p = 0.011). Conclusion Increased expression of p-S6 is not only a novel predictive biomarker of LNM but also poor prognosis in NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09664-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjing Zang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Key Molecules of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Gastric Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050706. [PMID: 35625633 PMCID: PMC9138239 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is closely linked to the progression of gastric cancer (GC), a very aggressive and life-threatening tumor. This study examines linked molecules, such as Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1), ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY), Acetyl-CoA Synthases (ACSs), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), CD36, Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs), and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), as well as their latest studies and findings in gastric cancer to unveil its core mechanism. The major enzymes of fatty acid de novo synthesis are ACLY, ACSs, ACC, FASN, and SCD1, while SREBP1 is the upstream molecule of fatty acid anabolism. Fatty acid absorption is mediated by CD36 and FABPs, and fatty acid catabolism is mediated by CPT1. If at all possible, we will discover novel links between fatty acid metabolism and a prospective gastric cancer target.
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Hide T, Shibahara I, Inukai M, Shigeeda R, Shirakawa Y, Jono H, Shinojima N, Mukasa A, Kumabe T. Ribosomal proteins induce stem cell-like characteristics in glioma cells as an "extra-ribosomal function". Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:51-56. [PMID: 35508789 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-022-00434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic features of plasticity and heterogeneity in glioblastoma (GB) cells cause therapeutic difficulties. GB cells are exposed to various stimuli from the tumor microenvironment and acquire the potential to resist chemoradiotherapy. To investigate how GB cells acquire stem cell-like phenotypes, we focused on ribosomal proteins, because ribosome incorporation has been reported to induce stem cell-like phenotypes in somatic cells. Furthermore, dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis has been reported in several types of cancer. We focused on ribosomal protein S6, which promotes sphere-forming ability and stem cell marker expression in GB cells. We expect that investigation of dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis and extra-ribosomal function in GB will provide new insights about the plasticity, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance of GB cells, which can potentially lead to revolutionary therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Ichiyo Shibahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Madoka Inukai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryota Shigeeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuki Shirakawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 850-8556, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 850-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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Yuan H, Zhang J, Li F, Li W, Wang H. Sinomenine exerts antitumour effect in gastric cancer cells via enhancement of miR-204 expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:450-459. [PMID: 31243880 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a pernicious neoplasm with high morbidity and mortality. Sinomenine (SIN) has long been exploited to heal rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, SIN has been discovered to exert the antitumour functions in diverse cancers. However, the impacts of SIN on GC remain indistinct. We attempted to expose the antitumour effect of SIN on GC. MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells were administered with SIN for 24 hours, cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and the associated proteins in the above processes were examined via exploiting CCK-8, BrdU, flow cytometry, Transwell and Western blot. MiR-204 expression in GC tumour tissues, different GC cell lines and SIN-stimulated GC cells was investigated by executing RT-qPCR. The above cell biological processes were reassessed after transfection with miR-204 inhibitor. The latent mechanisms were probed by examining AMPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. We found that SIN memorably repressed cell proliferation, evoked apoptosis and affected CyclinD1, Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 expression in MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells. Cell migration, invasion and expression of MMP-9 and Vimentin were all restrained by SIN stimulation. The increase of miR-204 was discovered in GC tissues and SIN-treated MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells. But suppression of miR-204 was observed in AGS, MKN28, MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells. Suppression of miR-204 overturned the inhibitory functions of SIN in MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells. Besides, SIN prohibited AMPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways via enhancement of miR-204. In conclusion, these findings suggested that SIN exerted the antitumour activity in GC cells by hindering AMPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways via enhancement of miR-204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Heze Medical College, Heze, China
| | - Fuli Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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Zhang S, Hu B, Lv X, Chen S, Liu W, Shao Z. The Prognostic Role of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Pathway in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:390. [PMID: 31139572 PMCID: PMC6527894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies supported the predictive role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), phosphorylated S6K1 (p-S6K1), and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6) for the outcome of cancer patients. However, inconsistent results were acquired across different researches. To comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate their prognostic significance in solid malignancies, the current meta-analysis was carried out utilizing the results of clinical studies. Methods: We conducted the literature retrieval by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library to identify eligible publications. Data were collected from included articles to calculate pooled overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as appropriate parameters to assess prognostic significance. Results: Forty-four original studies were included, of which 7 studies were analyzed for S6K1, 24 for p-S6K1, and 16 for p-S6. The overexpression of p-S6K1 was significantly associated with poorer prognosis of solid tumor patients in OS (HR = 1.706, 95%CI: 1.369–2.125, p < 0.001), DFS (HR = 1.665, 95%CI: 1.002–2.768, p = 0.049). However, prognostic role of p-S6K1 in RFS and PFS was not found. The result also revealed that S6K1 and p-S6 were significantly associated with reduced OS (HR = 1.691, 95%CI: 1.306–2.189, p < 0.001; HR = 2.019, 95%CI: 1.775–2.296, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of S6K1, p-S6K1, or p-S6 might indicate worse prognosis of patients with solid tumors, and supported a promising clinical test to predict solid tumor prognosis based on the level of S6K1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gao MZ, Wang HB, Chen XL, Cao WT, Fu L, Li Y, Quan HT, Xie CY, Lou LG. Aberrant modulation of ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation confers acquired resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:268-278. [PMID: 29777202 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in BRAF-mutant melanoma; however, most patients develop resistance, which limits the clinical benefit of these agents. In this study, we found that the human melanoma cell clones, A375-DR and A375-TR, with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib, were cross resistant to other MAPK pathway inhibitors. In these resistant cells, phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) but not phosphorylation of ERK or p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) were unable to be inhibited by MAPK pathway inhibitors. Notably, knockdown of rpS6 in these cells effectively downregulated G1 phase-related proteins, including RB, cyclin D1, and CDK6, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited proliferation, suggesting that aberrant modulation of rpS6 phosphorylation contributed to the acquired resistance. Interestingly, RSK inhibitor had little effect on rpS6 phosphorylation and cell proliferation in resistant cells, whereas P70S6K inhibitor showed stronger inhibitory effects on rpS6 phosphorylation and cell proliferation in resistant cells than in parental cells. Thus regulation of rpS6 phosphorylation, which is predominantly mediated by BRAF/MEK/ERK/RSK signaling in parental cells, was switched to mTOR/P70S6K signaling in resistant cells. Furthermore, mTOR inhibitors alone overcame acquired resistance and rescued the sensitivity of the resistant cells when combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Taken together, our findings indicate that RSK-independent phosphorylation of rpS6 confers resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma, and that mTOR inhibitor-based regimens may provide alternative strategies to overcome this acquired resistance.
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Roles of DDX5 in the tumorigenesis, proliferation, differentiation, metastasis and pathway regulation of human malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:85-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cheng J, Shuai X, Gao J, Cai M, Wang G, Tao K. Prognostic significance of AMPK in human malignancies: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75739-75748. [PMID: 27716618 PMCID: PMC5342774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AMPK is a well-investigated kinase mediating cellular metabolism and stress responses. However, its indicative role in survival prognosis remains ill-defined. Therefore we performed this meta-analysis in order to clarify the prognostic impact of AMPK expression in human malignancies. Methods Literatures were retrieved via searching databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. Studies comparing the prognostic significance between different AMPK levels among human malignancies were included into the pooled analysis. The statistical procedures were conducted by Review Manager 5.3 and the effect size was displayed by model of odds ratio. Subgroup analyses were additionally implemented to disclose the potential confounding elements. The outcome stability was examined by sensitivity analysis, and both Begg's test and Egger's test were utilized to detect the publication bias across the included studies. Results 21 retrospective cohorts were eventually obtained with a total sample-size of 9987 participants. Patients with higher AMPK expression had better outcomes of 3-year overall survival (P<0.0001), 5-year overall survival (P<0.0001), 10-year overall survival (P<0.0001), 3-year disease free survival (P<0.0001), 5-year disease free survival (P=0.002) and 10-year disease free survival (P=0.0004). Moreover, the majority of subgroup results also verified the favorably prognostic significance of AMPK over-expression. The outcome stability was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. Results of Begg's (P=0.76) and Egger's test (P=0.09) suggested that there was no publication bias within the included trials. Conclusions Higher expression of AMPK significantly indicates better prognosis in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang Z, Xiong F, Wang X, Qi Y, Yu H, Zhu Y, Zhu H. Nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha promotes apoptosis but is reduced in human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11105-11113. [PMID: 28052040 PMCID: PMC5355250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a nuclear receptor, which regulates inflammation and immune responses, lipid metabolism and circadian rhythm. Although RORα suppresses breast tumor invasion, it is unknown whether RORα is dysregulated in gastric cancer leading to cellular survival. Therefore, we hypothesize that RORα is dysfunctional in gastric carcinoma and this causes decreased apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, we employed human gastric cancer tissues with different stages to determine RORα expression, as well as in vitro human gastric cancer cells to determine how RORα is reduced during apoptosis. We found that the expression of RORα was reduced in gastric tissues with cancer, and this correlated with increased TNM stages. The mechanisms underlying RORα reduction is due to the reduced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a selective AMPK activator AICAR increased RORα activation and level in human gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, AICAR treatment increased RORα recruitment on the promoters of tumor suppressor genes (i.e., FBXM7, SEMA3F and p21) leading to apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Taken together, RORα reduction occurs in gastric cancer leading to the survival of tumor cells, which is attenuated by AMPK. Therefore, both RORα and AMPK are potential targets for the intervention and therapy in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Xiong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Du C, Li DQ, Li N, Chen L, Li SS, Yang Y, Hou MX, Xie MJ, Zheng ZD. DDX5 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo through mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42876. [PMID: 28216662 PMCID: PMC5316961 DOI: 10.1038/srep42876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 5 (DDX5) is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is overexpressed in various malignancies. Increasing evidence suggests that DDX5 participates in carcinogenesis and cancer progression via promoting cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the functional role of DDX5 in gastric cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that DDX5 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues. The expression of DDX5 correlated strongly with Ki67 index and pathological stage of gastric cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that knockdown of DDX5 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and xenografts growth, whereas ectopic expression of DDX5 promoted these cellular functions. Mechanically, DDX5 induced gastric cancer cell growth by activating mTOR/S6K1. Treatment of everolimus, the specific mTOR inhibitor, significantly attenuated DDX5-mediated cell proliferation. Interestingly, the expression of DDX5 and p-mTOR in gastric cancer tissues demonstrated a positive correlation. Taken together, these results revealed a novel role of DDX5 in gastric cancer cell proliferation via the mTOR pathway. Therefore, DDX5 may serve as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Sen Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xiao Hou
- Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of PLA, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, P. R. China
| | - Man-Jiang Xie
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, P. R. China
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