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Li Y, Sun M, Yang X, Yang M, Kleisner KM, Mills KE, Tang Y, Du F, Qiu Y, Ren Y, Chen Y. Social-ecological vulnerability and risk of China's marine capture fisheries to climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313773120. [PMID: 38147648 PMCID: PMC10769861 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a new disrupter to global fisheries systems and their governance frameworks. It poses a pressing management challenge, particularly in China, which is renowned as the world's largest fishing country and seafood producer. As climate change continues to intensify in the region and climate awareness grows within the country's national policy, the need to understand China's fisheries' resilience to the escalating climate crisis becomes paramount. In this study, we conduct an interdisciplinary analysis to assess the vulnerability and risk of China's marine capture fisheries in response to climate change. This study employs a spatially explicit, indicator-based approach with a coupled social-ecological framework, focusing on 67 species and 11 coastal regions. By integrating diverse sets of climatic, ecological, economic, societal, and governance indicators and information, we elucidate the factors that could hinder climate adaptation, including a limited understanding of fish early life stages, uncertainty in seafood production, unequal allocation and accessibility of resources, and inadequate consideration of inclusive governance and adaptive management. Our results show that species, which have managed to survive the stress of overfishing, demonstrate a remarkable ability to adapt to climate change. However, collapsing stocks such as large yellow croaker face a high risk due to the synergistic effects of inherent biological traits and external management interventions. We emphasize the imperative to build institutional, scientific, and social capacity to support fisheries adaptation. The scientific insights provided by this study can inform fisheries management decisions and promote the operationalization of climate-resilient fisheries in China and other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Li
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | - Xiangyan Yang
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | - Molin Yang
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | | | | | - Yi Tang
- College of Marine Culture and Law, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai201306, China
| | - Feiyan Du
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou510301, China
| | - Yongsong Qiu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou510301, China
| | - Yiping Ren
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266003, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
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Mason JG, Stedman RC, Kleisner KM. Climate resilience and risks of rigidity traps in Iceland's fisheries. AMBIO 2023; 52:1314-1326. [PMID: 37079206 PMCID: PMC10117241 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iceland's fisheries system is well-governed, data-rich, and has adapted to past ecological change. It thus provides an opportunity to identify social-ecological attributes of climate resilience and interactions among them. We elicited barriers and enabling conditions for adaptation in Iceland's fisheries from semi-structured expert interviews, using projections of fish habitat shifts by mid-century to guide discussion. Interviewees highlighted flexible management, highly connected institutions that facilitate learning, ample assets to expand adaptive options, and cultural comfort with change. However, examining how these attributes interact in reinforcing feedback loops revealed potential rigidity traps, where optimization for resilience to stock shifts may render the system more vulnerable to extreme environmental change and social backlash. This study articulates resilience attributes that Iceland and other fisheries systems might prioritize as the climate changes. It further explores circumstances in which these same attributes risk forming traps, and potential pathways to escape them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Mason
- Environmental Defense Fund, 18 Tremont St, Suite 850, Boston, MA 02108 USA
| | - Richard C. Stedman
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, 111-B Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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3
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Koehn LE, Nelson LK, Samhouri JF, Norman KC, Jacox MG, Cullen AC, Fiechter J, Pozo Buil M, Levin PS. Social-ecological vulnerability of fishing communities to climate change: A U.S. West Coast case study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272120. [PMID: 35976855 PMCID: PMC9385011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is already impacting coastal communities, and ongoing and future shifts in fisheries species productivity from climate change have implications for the livelihoods and cultures of coastal communities. Harvested marine species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem support U.S. West Coast communities economically, socially, and culturally. Ecological vulnerability assessments exist for individual species in the California Current but ecological and human vulnerability are linked and vulnerability is expected to vary by community. Here, we present automatable, reproducible methods for assessing the vulnerability of U.S. West Coast fishing dependent communities to climate change within a social-ecological vulnerability framework. We first assessed the ecological risk of marine resources, on which fishing communities rely, to 50 years of climate change projections. We then combined this with the adaptive capacity of fishing communities, based on social indicators, to assess the potential ability of communities to cope with future changes. Specific communities (particularly in Washington state) were determined to be at risk to climate change mainly due to economic reliance on at risk marine fisheries species, like salmon, hake, or sea urchins. But, due to higher social adaptive capacity, these communities were often not found to be the most vulnerable overall. Conversely, certain communities that were not the most at risk, ecologically and economically, ranked in the category of highly vulnerable communities due to low adaptive capacity based on social indicators (particularly in Southern California). Certain communities were both ecologically at risk due to catch composition and socially vulnerable (low adaptive capacity) leading to the highest tier of vulnerability. The integration of climatic, ecological, economic, and societal data reveals that factors underlying vulnerability are variable across fishing communities on the U.S West Coast, and suggests the need to develop a variety of well-aligned strategies to adapt to the ecological impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Koehn
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura K. Nelson
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jameal F. Samhouri
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Karma C. Norman
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Jacox
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, United States of America
| | - Alison C. Cullen
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jerome Fiechter
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Pozo Buil
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, United States of America
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Phillip S. Levin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- The Nature Conservancy in Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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4
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Smith SL, Cook S, Golden A, Iwane MA, Kleiber D, Leong KM, Mastitski A, Richmond L, Szymkowiak M, Wise S. Review of adaptations of U.S. Commercial Fisheries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic using the Resist- Accept- Direct (RAD) framework. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY 2022; 29:439-455. [PMID: 35942481 PMCID: PMC9348349 DOI: 10.1111/fme.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic transformed social and economic systems globally, including fisheries systems. Decreases in seafood demand, supply chain disruptions, and public safety regulations required numerous adaptations to maintain the livelihoods and social resilience of fishing communities. Surveys, interviews, and focus groups were undertaken to assess impacts from and adaptive responses to the pandemic in commercial fisheries in five U.S. regions: the Northeast, California, Alaska, the U.S. Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands. Fishery adaptation strategies were categorized using the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework, a novel application to understand social transformation in a social-ecological system in response to a disturbance. A number of innovations emerged, or were facilitated, that could improve the fisheries' resilience to future disruptions. Fishers with diversified options and strategic flexibility generally fared better, i.e., had fewer disruptions to their livelihoods. Using the RAD framework to identify adaptation strategies from fishery system actors highlights opportunities for improving resilience of fisheries social-ecological systems to future stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lindley Smith
- School of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Samantha Cook
- Department of Environmental Science and ManagementHumboldt State UniversityArcataCaliforniaUSA
| | - Abigail Golden
- School of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- Abigail Golden, School of Aquatic and Fishery ScienceUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Mia Aiko Iwane
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric ResearchHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Danika Kleiber
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | | | | | - Laurie Richmond
- Department of Environmental Science and ManagementHumboldt State UniversityArcataCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Sarah Wise
- NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Ouchi S, Wilson L, Wabnitz CC, Golden CD, Beaudreau AH, Kenny TA, Singh GG, Cheung WW, Chan HM, Salomon AK. Opposing trends in fisheries portfolio diversity at harvester and community scales signal opportunities for adaptation. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that promote social-ecological resilience can inform future adaptation strategies. Among seafood dependent communities, these can be illuminated by assessing change among fisheries portfolios. Here, in collaboration with a Coast Salish Nation in British Columbia, Canada, we used expert Indigenous knowledge and network analyses to chronicle differences in fisheries portfolios pre and post a social-ecological regime shift. We then evaluated key drivers of change using semi-structured interviews. We found that while portfolios decreased in diversity of seafood types harvested and consumed among individuals overtime, portfolios increased in their diversification at the community level because more similar seafoods within less diverse individual portfolios were more commonly harvested and consumed by the Nation as a whole. Thus, diversity can operate simultaneously in opposing directions at different scales of organization. Experts identified four key mechanisms driving these changes, including commercial activities controlled by a centralized governance regime, intergenerational knowledge loss, adaptive learning to new ecological and economic opportunities, and the trading of seafood with other Indigenous communities. Unexpectedly, increased predation by marine mammals was also flagged as a key driver of change. Adaptation strategies that support access to and governance of diverse fisheries, exchange of seafoods among communities, and knowledge transfer among generations would promote social-ecological resilience, food security, and community well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ouchi
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lori Wilson
- Powell River, British Columbia, V8A 0C4, Canada
| | - Colette C.C. Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, Canada
| | - Anne H. Beaudreau
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Tiff-Annie Kenny
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gerald G. Singh
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2; Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada, A1B 3X9; Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - William W.L. Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa. Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Anne K. Salomon
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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6
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Boyce DG, Petrie B, Frank KT. Fishing, predation, and temperature drive herring decline in a large marine ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18136-18150. [PMID: 35003663 PMCID: PMC8717267 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1960, landings of Atlantic herring have been the greatest of any marine species in Canada, surpassing Atlantic cod and accounting for 24% of the total seafood harvested in Atlantic Canada. The Scotian Shelf-Bay of Fundy herring fisheries (NAFO Division 4VWX) is among Canada's oldest and drives this productivity, accounting for up to 75% of the total herring catch in some years. The stocks' productivity and overall health have declined since 1965. Despite management measures to promote recovery implemented since 2003, biomass remains low and is declining. The factors that drive the productivity of 4VWX herring are primarily unresolved, likely impeding the effectiveness of management actions on this stock. We evaluated potential drivers of herring variability by analyzing 52 time-series that describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the 4VWX herring population and the physical, ecological, and anthropogenic factors that could affect them using structural equation models. Variation in herring biomass was best accounted for by the exploitation rate's negative effect and the geographic distribution of fishing and recruitment. Thermal phenology and temperature adversely and egg predation positively impacted the early life stage mortality rate and, ultimately, adult biomass. These findings are broadly relevant to fisheries management, but particularly for 4VWX herring, where the current management approach does not consider their early life stage dynamics or assess them within the ecosystem or climate change contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Boyce
- Ocean Sciences DivisionBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
- Biology DepartmentDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Brian Petrie
- Ocean Sciences DivisionBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
| | - Kenneth T. Frank
- Ocean Sciences DivisionBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
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7
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Osuka KE, Stewart BD, Samoilys MA, Roche RC, Turner J, McClean C. Protection outcomes for fish trophic groups across a range of management regimes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113010. [PMID: 34628347 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) improve conservation outcomes across anthropogenic pressures can improve the benefits derived from them. Effects of protection for coral reefs in the western and central Indian Ocean were assessed using size-spectra analysis of fish and the relationships of trophic group biomass with human population density. Length-spectra relationships quantifying the relative abundance of small and large fish (slope) and overall productivity of the system (intercept) showed inconsistent patterns with MPA protection. The results suggest that both the slopes and intercepts were significantly higher in highly and well-protected MPAs. This indicates that effective MPAs are more productive and support higher abundances of smaller fish, relative to moderately protected MPAs. Trophic group biomass spanning piscivores and herbivores, decreased with increasing human density implying restoration of fish functional structure is needed. This would require addressing fisher needs and supporting effective MPA management to secure ecosystem benefits for coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy E Osuka
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK; CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Bryce D Stewart
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Melita A Samoilys
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ronan C Roche
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - John Turner
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Colin McClean
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
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8
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Ojea E, Fontán E, Fuentes-Santos I, Bueno-Pardo J. Assessing countries' social-ecological resilience to shifting marine commercial species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22926. [PMID: 34824324 PMCID: PMC8617226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is already impacting fisheries with species moving across fishing areas, crossing institutional borders, and thus creating conflicts over fisheries management. In this scenario, scholars agree that adaptation to climate change requires that fisheries increase their social, institutional, and ecological resilience. The resilience or capacity of a fishery to be maintained without shifting to a different state (e.g., collapse) is at stake under climate change impacts and overexploitation. Despite this urgent need, applying the resilience concept in a spatially explicit and quantitative manner to inform policy remains unexplored. We take a resilience approach and operationalize the concept in industrial fisheries for two species that have been observed to significantly shift distribution in European waters: hake (Merluccius merluccius) and cod (Gadus morhua), in the context of the European Union institutional settings. With a set of resilience factors from the literature and by means of contemporary and historic data, we select indicators that are combined into an index that measures resilience on the ecologic, socioeconomic, and institutional dimensions of the fishery. We find that the resilience index varies among species and countries, with lower resilience levels in the socioeconomic dimension of the fisheries. We also see that resilience largely depends on the overexploitation status of the fishery. The results highlight the need to address social and institutional settings to enhance fisheries adaptation to climate change and allow to inform on climate resilient adaptation pathways for the fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ojea
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Future Oceans Lab, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Elena Fontán
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Future Oceans Lab, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Mareira Bizi Sociedade Cooperativa Galega, O Cruceiro, Briallos 23-B, 36658, Portas, Spain
| | - Isabel Fuentes-Santos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Bueno-Pardo
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Future Oceans Lab, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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10
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Free CM, Mangin T, Molinos JG, Ojea E, Burden M, Costello C, Gaines SD. Realistic fisheries management reforms could mitigate the impacts of climate change in most countries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224347. [PMID: 32134926 PMCID: PMC7058327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although climate change is altering the productivity and distribution of marine fisheries, climate-adaptive fisheries management could mitigate many of the negative impacts on human society. We forecast global fisheries biomass, catch, and profits to 2100 under three climate scenarios (RCPs 4.5, 6.0, 8.5) and five levels of management reform to (1) determine the impact of climate change on national fisheries and (2) quantify the national-scale benefits of implementing climate-adaptive fisheries reforms. Management reforms accounting for shifting productivity and shifting distributions would yield higher catch and profits in the future relative to today for 60–65% of countries under the two least severe climate scenarios but for only 35% of countries under the most severe scenario. Furthermore, these management reforms would yield higher cumulative catch and profits than business-as-usual management for nearly all countries under the two least severe climate scenarios but would yield lower cumulative catch for 40% of countries under the most severe scenario. Fortunately, perfect fisheries management is not necessary to achieve these benefits: transboundary cooperation with 5-year intervals between adaptive interventions would result in comparable outcomes. However, the ability for realistic management reforms to offset the negative impacts of climate change is bounded by changes in underlying biological productivity. Although realistic reforms could generate higher catch and profits for 23–50% of countries experiencing reductions in productivity, the remaining countries would need to develop, expand, and reform aquaculture and other food production sectors to offset losses in capture fisheries. Still, climate-adaptive management is more profitable than business-as-usual management in all countries and we provide guidance on implementing–and achieving the benefits of–climate-adaptive fisheries reform along a gradient of scientific, management, and enforcement capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Free
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tracey Mangin
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Elena Ojea
- Future Oceans Lab, CIM-UVigo, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Merrick Burden
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Costello
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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11
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Pecl GT, Ogier E, Jennings S, van Putten I, Crawford C, Fogarty H, Frusher S, Hobday AJ, Keane J, Lee E, MacLeod C, Mundy C, Stuart-Smith J, Tracey S. Autonomous adaptation to climate-driven change in marine biodiversity in a global marine hotspot. AMBIO 2019; 48:1498-1515. [PMID: 31098878 PMCID: PMC6883019 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While governments and natural resource managers grapple with how to respond to climatic changes, many marine-dependent individuals, organisations and user-groups in fast-changing regions of the world are already adjusting their behaviour to accommodate these. However, we have little information on the nature of these autonomous adaptations that are being initiated by resource user-groups. The east coast of Tasmania, Australia, is one of the world's fastest warming marine regions with extensive climate-driven changes in biodiversity already observed. We present and compare examples of autonomous adaptations from marine users of the region to provide insights into factors that may have constrained or facilitated the available range of autonomous adaptation options and discuss potential interactions with governmental planned adaptations. We aim to support effective adaptation by identifying the suite of changes that marine users are making largely without government or management intervention, i.e. autonomous adaptations, to better understand these and their potential interactions with formal adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretta T. Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Emily Ogier
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sarah Jennings
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 84, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 3-4 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Christine Crawford
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Hannah Fogarty
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Alistair J. Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 3-4 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - John Keane
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Emma Lee
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Social Impact at Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Catriona MacLeod
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Craig Mundy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jemina Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sean Tracey
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, PO Box 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
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Siegel KJ, Cabral RB, McHenry J, Ojea E, Owashi B, Lester SE. Sovereign states in the Caribbean have lower social-ecological vulnerability to coral bleaching than overseas territories. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182365. [PMID: 30963826 PMCID: PMC6408901 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reef social-ecological systems worldwide face major impacts from climate change, and spatial variation in vulnerability is driven by differential exposure to climatic threats, ecological and socio-economic sensitivity to those threats, ecological recovery potential, and socio-economic adaptive capacity. We assess variation in social-ecological vulnerability to climate change-induced coral bleaching, specifically for reef-based fisheries and tourism, of islands throughout the insular Caribbean, thus providing the first region-wide quantitative analysis of island-scale social-ecological vulnerability to coral bleaching. We show that different components of vulnerability have distinct spatial patterns and that variability in overall vulnerability is driven more by socio-economic than ecological components. Importantly, we find that sovereign islands are less vulnerable on average than overseas territories and that the presence of fisheries management regulations is a significant predictor of adaptive capacity and socio-economic sensitivity, with important implications for island-level governance and policies to reduce climate vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Siegel
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 326 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Reniel B. Cabral
- Sustainable Fisheries Group, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Jennifer McHenry
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, 323 Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA
| | - Elena Ojea
- Future Oceans Lab, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Brandon Owashi
- Sustainable Fisheries Group, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Sarah E. Lester
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, 323 Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA
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Hossain MAR, Ahmed M, Ojea E, Fernandes JA. Impacts and responses to environmental change in coastal livelihoods of south-west Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:954-970. [PMID: 29763877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are of global importance for maintaining high levels of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and for the number of livelihoods dependent on them. In Bangladesh, coastal and delta communities rely on these systems for a livelihood, and the sustainability of the productivity is seriously threatened by both climate change and unsustainable management. These multiple drivers of change shape the livelihood dependence and adaptation responses, where a better understanding is needed to achieve sustainable management in these systems, while maintaining and improving dependent livelihoods. This need has been addressed in this study in the region of Satkhira, in the southwest coast of Bangladesh, where livelihoods are highly dependent on aquatic systems for food supply and income. Traditional wild fish harvest in the rivers and aquaculture systems, including ghers, ponds, and crab points have been changing in terms of the uses and intensity of management, and suffering from climate change impacts as well. By means of six focus groups with 50 participants total, and validated by expert consultations, we conduct an analysis to understand the main perceived impacts from climate and human activities; and the adaptation responses from the aquatic system livelihoods. We find that biodiversity has decreased drastically, while farmed species have increased and shrimp gher farming turned more intensive becoming the main source of income. All these changes have important implications for food supply in the region and environmental sustainability. Dramatic responses taken in the communities include exit the fisheries and migration, and more adaptive responses include species diversification, crab fattening and working more on the pond and gher infrastructure. This study evidences the results of the combination of multiple stressors in productive systems and the barriers to adaptation in aquatic ecosystem dependent communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A R Hossain
- Department of Fish. Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Munir Ahmed
- TARA, 1 Purbachal Road, Northeast Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Elena Ojea
- Future Oceans Lab, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain.
| | - Jose A Fernandes
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL13 DH, UK; AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa 20110, Spain
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14
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Outeiro L, Ojea E, Garcia Rodrigues J, Himes-Cornell A, Belgrano A, Liu Y, Cabecinha E, Pita C, Macho G, Villasante S. The role of non-natural capital in the co-production of marine ecosystem services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2017.1415973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Outeiro
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Fisheries Ecology, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (CSIC), Bouzas, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Ojea
- Future Oceans Lab, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Campus Do*Mar – International Campus of Excellence, Vigo, Spain
| | - João Garcia Rodrigues
- Campus Do*Mar – International Campus of Excellence, Vigo, Spain
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Belgrano
- (SLU) Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Lysekil, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment (SIME), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edna Cabecinha
- Department of Biology and Environment, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pita
- Department of Environment and Planning & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Macho
- Campus Do*Mar – International Campus of Excellence, Vigo, Spain
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal and Campus do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sebastian Villasante
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Campus Do*Mar – International Campus of Excellence, Vigo, Spain
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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