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Eloïse L, Petit L, Nominé Y, Heurtault B, Ben Hadj Kaddour I, Senger B, Rodon Fores J, Vrana NE, Barbault F, Lavalle P. The antibacterial properties of branched peptides based on poly(l-arginine): In vitro antibacterial evaluation and molecular dynamic simulations. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116224. [PMID: 38387338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics is a major issue in the medical field. Antimicrobial peptides are widely studied as they do not generate as much resistant bacterial strains as conventional antibiotics and present a broad range of activity. Among them, the homopolypeptide poly(l-arginine) presents promising antibacterial properties, especially in the perspective of its use in biomaterials. Linear poly(l-arginine) has been extensively studied but the impact of its 3D structure remains unknown. In this study, the antibacterial properties of newly synthesized branched poly(l-arginine) peptides, belonging to the family of multiple antigenic peptides, are evaluated. First, in vitro activities of the peptides shows that branched poly(l-arginine) is more efficient than linear poly(l-arginine) containing the same number of arginine residues. Surprisingly, peptides with more arms and more residues are not the most effective. To better understand these unexpected results, interactions between these peptides and the membranes of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are simulated thanks to molecular dynamic. It is observed that the bacterial membrane is more distorted by the branched structure than by the linear one and by peptides containing smaller arms. This mechanism of action is in full agreement with in vitro results and suggest that our simulations form a robust model to evaluate peptide efficiency towards pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebaudy Eloïse
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, F67000, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lauriane Petit
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, F67000, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France; SPARTHA Medical, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Nominé
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Inès Ben Hadj Kaddour
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, F67000, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France; SPARTHA Medical, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Senger
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, F67000, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jennifer Rodon Fores
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, F67000, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France; SPARTHA Medical, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Philippe Lavalle
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, F67000, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France; SPARTHA Medical, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Ezeh CK, Dibua MEU. Anti-biofilm, drug delivery and cytotoxicity properties of dendrimers. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:239-267. [PMID: 38720923 PMCID: PMC11075165 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Treatments using antimicrobial agents have faced many difficulties as a result of biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms. The biofilm matrix formed by these microorganisms prevents antimicrobial agents from penetrating the interior where they can exact their activity effectively. Additionally, extracellular polymeric molecules associated with biofilm surfaces can absorb antimicrobial compounds, lowering their bioavailability. This problem has resulted in the quest for alternative treatment protocols, and the development of nanomaterials and devices through nanotechnology has recently been on the rise. Research approach The literature on dendrimers was searched for in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Key results As a nanomaterial, dendrimers have found useful applications as a drug delivery vehicle for antimicrobial agents against biofilm-mediated infections to circumvent these defense mechanisms. The distinctive properties of dendrimers, such as multi-valency, biocompatibility, high water solubility, non-immunogenicity, and biofilm matrix-/cell membrane fusogenicity (ability to merge with intracellular membrane or other proteins), significantly increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and reduce the likelihood of recurring infections. Conclusion This review outlines the current state of dendrimer carriers for biofilm treatments, provides examples of their real-world uses, and examines potential drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Ezeh
- University of Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Zannella C, Chianese A, Monti A, Giugliano R, Morone MV, Secci F, Sanna G, Manzin A, De Filippis A, Doti N, Galdiero M. SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide Conjugated to a Tetravalent Dendrimer Selectively Inhibits Viral Infection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2791. [PMID: 38140131 PMCID: PMC10748278 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusion is a key event for enveloped viruses, through which viral and cell membranes come into close contact. This event is mediated by viral fusion proteins, which are divided into three structural and functional classes. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein belongs to class I fusion proteins, characterized by a trimer of helical hairpins and an internal fusion peptide (FP), which is exposed once fusion occurs. Many efforts have been directed at finding antivirals capable of interfering with the fusion mechanism, mainly by designing peptides on the two heptad-repeat regions present in class I viral fusion proteins. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the FP sequence conjugated to a tetravalent dendrimer through a classical organic nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2) using a synthetic bromoacetylated peptide mimicking the FP and a branched scaffold of poly-L-Lysine functionalized with cysteine residues. We found that the FP peptide conjugated to the dendrimer, unlike the monomeric FP sequence, has virucidal activity by impairing the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 to cells. Furthermore, we found that the peptide dendrimer does not have the same effects on other coronaviruses, demonstrating that it is selective against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Rosa Giugliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Secci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.C.); (R.G.); (M.V.M.); (A.D.F.)
- UOC of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Kumari A, Singh M, Sharma R, Kumar T, Jindal N, Maan S, Joshi VG. Apoptin NLS2 homodimerization strategy for improved antibacterial activity and bio-stability. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1405-1416. [PMID: 37725185 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance prompts exploration of viable antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) designs. The present study explores the antimicrobial prospects of Apoptin nuclear localization sequence (NLS2)-derived peptide ANLP (PRPRTAKRRIRL). Further, we examined the utility of the NLS dimerization strategy for improvement in antimicrobial activity and sustained bio-stability of AMPs. Initially, the antimicrobial potential of ANLP using antimicrobial peptide databases was analyzed. Then, ANLP along with its two homodimer variants namely ANLP-K1 and ANLP-K2 were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Among three AMPs, ANLP-K2 showed efficient antibacterial activity with 12 µM minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Slow degradation of ANLP-K1 (26.48%) and ANLP-K2 (13.21%) compared with linear ANLP (52.33%) at 480 min in serum stability assay indicates improved bio-stability of dimeric peptides. The AMPs presented no cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Dye penetration assays confirmed the membrane interacting nature of AMPs. The zeta potential analysis reveals effective charge neutralization of both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial cells by dimeric AMPs. The dimeric AMPs on scanning electron microscopy studies showed multiple pore formations on the bacterial surface. Collectively, proposed Lysine scaffold dimerization of Apoptin NLS2 strategy resulted in enhancing antibacterial activity, bio-stability, and could be effective in neutralizing the off-target effect of LPS. In conclusion, these results suggest that nuclear localization sequence with a modified dimeric approach could represent a rich source of template for designing future antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kumari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mahavir Singh
- College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
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Fu X, Chen Z, Ma W, Zhang H, Mo W, Li J, Yang M. Entropy-driven dynamic self-assembled DNA dendrimers for colorimetric detection of African swine fever virus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1675-1685. [PMID: 36715708 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we subtly engineered an amplified colorimetric biosensor for the cyclic detection of African swine fever virus DNA (ASFV-DNA), which associated the branched catalytic hairpin assembly (bCHA) amplification with G-quadruplex DNAzyme activity through triplex DNA formation. Firstly, a Y-shaped hairpin trimer was constructed for the dynamic self-assembly of DNA dendrimers. Then, in the presence of ASFV-DNA, the signal strand CP was opened, exposing the toehold regions, which would trigger the CHA cascade reaction between hairpin trimers. In the CHA cascade reaction, H1, H2, and H3 opened and bound in sequence, eventually forming the structure of DNA dendrimers. Subsequently, the obtained bCHA product was specifically recognized by the GGG repeat sequences of L1 and L2, then amplified by the synergistic effect of triplex DNA and the formation of asymmetric split G-quadruplex. Benefiting from the amplification properties of bCHA and the high peroxidase-like catalytic activity of asymmetrically split G-quadruplex DNAzymes, it could achieve effective colorimetric signal output in the presence of ASFV-DNA by means of triplex DNA formation. Under the optimal experimental conditions, this biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.8 pM. Further, it was applied to the content detection of simulated samples of African swine fever, and the recoveries were 98.9 ~ 103.2%. This method has the advantages of simple operation, good selectivity, and high sensitivity, which is expected to be used for highly sensitive detection of actual samples of African swine fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China.
| | - Zhoujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China.
| | - Wenhao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
| | - Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
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Rodríguez JA, Barredo-Vacchelli GR, Iglesias-García LC, Birocco AM, Blachman A, Calabrese GC, Acosta G, Albericio F, Camperi SA. Design and Synthesis of Peptides from Phoneutria nigriventer δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn2a for Antivenom Production. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Aguilar-Montes de Oca S, Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez R, Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán J, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Eliana Rivadeneira-Barreiro P, C. Zambrano-Rodríguez P. The Use of Peptides in Veterinary Serodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases: A Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100561. [PMID: 36288174 PMCID: PMC9610506 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides constitute an alternative and interesting option to develop treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools as they demonstrate their scope in several health aspects; as proof of this, commercial peptides for humans and animals are available on the market and used daily. This review aimed to know the role of peptides in the field of veterinary diagnosis, and include peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA), lateral flow devices, and peptide latex agglutination tests that have been developed to detect several pathogens including viruses and bacteria of health and production relevance in domestic animals. Studies in cattle, small ruminants, dogs, cats, poultry, horses, and even aquatic organisms were reviewed. Different studies showed good levels of sensitivity and specificity against their target, moreover, comparisons with commercial kits and official tests were performed which allowed appraising their performance. Chemical synthesis, recombinant DNA technology, and enzymatic synthesis were reviewed as well as their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, we discussed the intrinsic limitations such as the small size or affinity to polystyrene membrane and mention several strategies to overcome these problems. The use of peptides will increase in the coming years and their utility for diagnostic purposes in animals must be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Aguilar-Montes de Oca
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo C. Zambrano-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
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Enhanced In Vitro and In Vivo Potency of a T Cell Epitope in the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Following Amino Acid Replacement at HLA-A*02:01 Binding Positions. J Virol 2022; 96:e0116621. [PMID: 36069549 PMCID: PMC9517714 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01166-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors and clinical studies on Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine candidates have pinpointed the importance of a strong antibody response in protection and survival from EBOV infection. However, little is known about the T cell responses to EBOV or EBOV vaccines. We used HLA-A*02:01 (HLA-A2) transgenic mice to study HLA-A2-specific T cell responses elicited following vaccination with EBOV glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) presented with three different systems: (i) recombinant protein (rEBOV-GP), (ii) vesicular stomatitis replication-competent recombinant virus (VSV-EBOV-GP), and (iii) modified vaccinia Ankara virus recombinant (MVA-EBOV-GP). T cells from immunized animals were analyzed using peptide pools representing the entire GP region and individual peptides. Regardless of the vaccine formulation, we identified a minimal 9mer epitope containing an HLA-A2 motif (FLDPATTS), which was confirmed through HLA-A2 binding affinity and immunization studies. Using binding prediction software, we identified substitutions surrounding position 9 (S9V, P10V, and Q11V) that predicted enhanced binding to the HLA-A2 molecule. This enhanced binding was confirmed through in vitro binding studies and enhanced potency was shown with in vivo immunization studies using the enhanced sequences and the wild-type sequence. Of note, in silico studies predicted the enhanced 9mer epitope carrying the S9V substitution as the best overall HLA-A2 epitope for the full-length EBOV-GP. These results suggest that EBOV-GP-S9V and EBOV-GP-P10V represent more potent in vivo immunogens. Identification and enhancement of EBOV-specific human HLA epitopes could lead to the development of tools and reagents to induce more robust T cell responses in human subjects. IMPORTANCE Vaccine efficacy and immunity to viral infection are often measured by neutralizing antibody titers. T cells are specialized subsets of immune cells with antiviral activity, but this response is variable and difficult to track. We showed that the HLA-A2-specific T cell response to the Ebola virus glycoprotein can be enhanced significantly by a single residue substitution designed to improve an epitope binding affinity to one of the most frequent MHC alleles in the human population. This strategy could be applied to improve T cell responses to Ebola vaccines designed to elicit antibodies and adapted to target MHC alleles of populations in regions where endemic infections, like Ebola virus disease, are still causing outbreaks with concerning pandemic potential.
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Utility of in silico-identified-peptides in spike-S1 domain and nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 for antibody detection in COVID-19 patients and antibody production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15057. [PMID: 36064951 PMCID: PMC9442563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 contains four structural proteins, two of which, the spike and nucleocapsid, are commonly used for the standardization of novel methods for antibody detection; however, some limitations in their use have been observed due to the homology of this virus with other phylogenetically-related viruses. We performed in silico analysis to search for novel immunogenic and antigenic peptides. A total of twenty-five peptides were preliminarily selected, located in the 3D structure of both proteins. Finally, eight peptides were selected: one located in the N protein and seven in the S1 domain of the spike protein. Additionally, the localization of selected peptides in 2D structures and possible changes in the sequences of these peptides in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were analyzed. All peptides were synthetized in MAP8 format, and recombinant S (trimer and RBD) and N proteins were used as antigens to search for antibodies in serum samples derived from COVID-19 patients, and for antibody response in New Zealand rabbits. Results showed high recognition of the serum derived from COVID-19 patients to all selected peptides; however, only the RBD3 peptide induced antibody production. In conclusion, this work provides evidence for a new strategy in peptide selection and its use for antibody detection or antibody production in animals.
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Yengo BN, Shintouo CM, Hotterbeekx A, Yaah NE, Shey RA, Quanico J, Baggerman G, Ayong L, Vanhamme L, Njemini R, Souopgui J, Colebunders R, Ghogomu SM. Immunoinformatics Design and Assessment of a Multiepitope Antigen (OvMCBL02) for Onchocerciasis Diagnosis and Monitoring. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061440. [PMID: 35741250 PMCID: PMC9221995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Onchocerciasis is a Neglected Tropical Disease that has a significant socioeconomic impact, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Numerous reports indicate that the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases needs novel diagnostic tools before achieving its goal of successful elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa. The current diagnostic tests are either invasive, insensitive, or not applicable in the field and about 25% of persons infected cannot mount immune responses against the single antigen used in the only approved Ov-16 serological test. In the quest to identify novel biomarkers that can be used to certify that a patient is free from the disease, evaluate the progress of elimination programmes, and conduct post elimination surveillances, mass spectrometric analysis of Onchocerca volvulus crude extract revealed that 1392 proteins are expressed in the adult and microfilariae stages of the parasite. Computational analysis predicted six of the proteins as O. volvulus potential diagnostic targets. Linear B-epitopes were predicted from the six proteins and used to construct a multiepitope antigen (OvMCBL02). Serological analysis revealed that the OvMCBL02 test significantly differentiated between serum samples of onchocerciasis patients from the Kombone Health Area in the South West Region of Cameroon (n = 63) and control serum samples from Rwanda (n = 29) and Europe (n = 26) as well as between serum samples from the onchocerciasis hyperendemic region of Kombone Health Area (n = 63) and the hypoendemic region of Bandjoun Health District (n = 54). Interestingly, the test did not cross-react with serum samples from patients suffering from related nematode infections, thereby suggesting that further characterization of the OvMCBL02 multiepitope antigen will render it an additional member of the diagnostic toolbox for the elimination of onchocerciasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernis Neneyoh Yengo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (B.N.Y.); (C.M.S.); (N.E.Y.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (B.N.Y.); (C.M.S.); (N.E.Y.); (R.A.S.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.H.); (R.C.)
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ntang Emmaculate Yaah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (B.N.Y.); (C.M.S.); (N.E.Y.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Robert Adamu Shey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (B.N.Y.); (C.M.S.); (N.E.Y.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; (J.Q.); (G.B.)
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; (J.Q.); (G.B.)
| | - Lawrence Ayong
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1274, Cameroon;
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Gosselies Campus, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Rose Njemini
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Gosselies Campus, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Robert Colebunders
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.H.); (R.C.)
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (B.N.Y.); (C.M.S.); (N.E.Y.); (R.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +237-6-7845-5646
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11
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Tomar P, Joshi VG, Mahajan NK, Jindal N. Multiple antigenic peptide-based flow through dot-blot assay for simultaneous antibody detection of infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Biologicals 2021; 73:24-30. [PMID: 34389244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the development of a novel affordable and rapid visual dot-blot assay using synthetic multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) for simultaneous detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Antibody detection efficiencies of MAP peptides namely, NP1 MAP (Nucleoprotein IBV) and HN MAP (Haemagglutinin-neuraminidase NDV) were studied in solid-phase indirect peptide ELISA. In comparison with the commercial kit, the NP1 MAP showed 89.20% diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and 85.90% diagnostic specificity (DSp) at 19.45% ROC cut-off. Similarly, HN MAP was evaluated and showed 89.70% DSn and 92.90% DSp at 19.90 % ROC cut-off. The peptides after evaluating their ELISA performance were further used to device a flow-through dot-blot assay (FT-DBA) for simultaneous detection of IBV and NDV antibodies. The kappa value for IBV by FT-DBA in comparison to commercial ELISA was 0.64 whereas for NDV, FT-DBA gave a kappa value of 0.68 in comparison to commercial ELISA indicating substantial agreement between the assays. In essence, the divergent MAP based diagnostic design could provide an alternative for antibody detection of IBV and NDV. Further, the FT-DBA approach could be used for low cost, rapid and pen-side detection of IBV and NDV antibodies simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Tomar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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12
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Gan BH, Gaynord J, Rowe SM, Deingruber T, Spring DR. The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7820-7880. [PMID: 34042120 PMCID: PMC8689412 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by 'superbugs' are increasing globally, and conventional antibiotics are becoming less effective against these bacteria, such that we risk entering a post-antibiotic era. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention for their clinical potential as a new class of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we discuss several facets of AMPs including their diversity, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and effects of environmental factors on these features. This review outlines various chemical synthetic strategies that have been applied to develop novel AMPs, including chemical modifications of existing peptides, semi-synthesis, and computer-aided design. We will also highlight novel AMP structures, including hybrids, antimicrobial dendrimers and polypeptides, peptidomimetics, and AMP-drug conjugates and consider recent developments in their chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Josephine Gaynord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Sam M Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tomas Deingruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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13
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Al-Naseri A, Al-Absi S, El Ridi R, Mahana N. A comprehensive and critical overview of schistosomiasis vaccine candidates. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:557-580. [PMID: 33935395 PMCID: PMC8068781 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A digenetic platyhelminth Schistosoma is the causative agent of schistosomiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect humans and animals in numerous countries in the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, South America and China. Several control methods were used for prevention of infection or treatment of acute and chronic disease. Mass drug administration led to reduction in heavy-intensity infections and morbidity, but failed to decrease schistosomiasis prevalence and eliminate transmission, indicating the need to develop anti-schistosome vaccine to prevent infection and parasite transmission. This review summarizes the efficacy and protective capacity of available schistosomiasis vaccine candidates with some insights and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Al-Naseri
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Samar Al-Absi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Noha Mahana
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
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14
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Tertis M, Hosu O, Feier B, Cernat A, Florea A, Cristea C. Electrochemical Peptide-Based Sensors for Foodborne Pathogens Detection. Molecules 2021; 26:3200. [PMID: 34071841 PMCID: PMC8198121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety and quality control pose serious issues to food industry and public health domains, in general, with direct effects on consumers. Any physical, chemical, or biological unexpected or unidentified food constituent may exhibit harmful effects on people and animals from mild to severe reactions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unsafe foodstuffs are especially dangerous for infants, young children, elderly, and chronic patients. It is imperative to continuously develop new technologies to detect foodborne pathogens and contaminants in order to aid the strengthening of healthcare and economic systems. In recent years, peptide-based sensors gained much attention in the field of food research as an alternative to immuno-, apta-, or DNA-based sensors. This review presents an overview of the electrochemical biosensors using peptides as molecular bio-recognition elements published mainly in the last decade, highlighting their possible application for rapid, non-destructive, and in situ analysis of food samples. Comparison with peptide-based optical and piezoelectrical sensors in terms of analytical performance is presented. Methods of foodstuffs pretreatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.T.); (O.H.); (B.F.); (A.C.); (A.F.)
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15
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Stauber JM, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Gold(III) Aryl Complexes as Reagents for Constructing Hybrid Peptide-Based Assemblies via Cysteine S-Arylation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5054-5062. [PMID: 33739101 PMCID: PMC8078169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes have recently gained attention as competent bioconjugation reagents capable of introducing a diverse array of substrates to biomolecule substrates. Here, we detail the synthesis and characterization of an aminophosphine-supported Au(III) platform that provides rapid and convenient access to a wide array of peptide-based assemblies via cysteine S-arylation. This strategy results in the formation of robust C-S covalent linkages and is an attractive method for the modification of complex biomolecules due to the high functional group tolerance, chemoselectivity, and rapid reaction kinetics associated with these arylation reactions. This work expands upon existing metal-mediated cysteine arylation by introducing a class of air-stable organometallic complexes that serve as robust bioconjugation reagents enabling the synthesis of conjugates of higher structural complexity including macrocyclic stapled and bicyclic peptides as well as a peptide-functionalized multivalent hybrid nanocluster. This organometallic-based approach provides a convenient, one-step method of peptide functionalization and macrocyclization, and has the potential to contribute to efforts directed toward developing efficient synthetic strategies of building new and diverse hybrid peptide-based assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Stauber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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16
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Folliero V, Zannella C, Chianese A, Stelitano D, Ambrosino A, De Filippis A, Galdiero M, Franci G, Galdiero M. Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:343. [PMID: 33808016 PMCID: PMC7998910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Debora Stelitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
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17
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Gardnerella vaginalis Vaginolysin (VLY)-Derived MAP8 Peptide (VLY-MAP8) Induced the Production of Egg Yolk IgY Antibodies that Inhibit Erythrocytes Lysis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Dendrimers: A New Race of Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8844030. [PMID: 33644232 PMCID: PMC7902124 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8844030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanosized, symmetrical molecules in which a small atom or group of atoms is surrounded by the symmetric branches known as dendrons. The structure of dendrimers possesses the greatest impact on their physical and chemical properties. They grow outwards from the core-shell which further reacts with monomers having one reactive or two dormant molecules. Dendrimers' unique characteristics such as hyperbranching, well-defined spherical structure, and high compatibility with the biological systems are responsible for their wide range of applications including medical and biomedical areas. Particularly, the dendrimers' three-dimensional structure can incorporate a wide variety of drugs to form biologically active drug conjugates. In this review, we focus on the synthesis, mechanism of drug encapsulations in dendrimers, and their wide applications in drug delivery.
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19
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Winkler DFH. Automated Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2103:59-94. [PMID: 31879919 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of solid-phase peptide synthesis by Bruce Merrifield paved the way for a synthesis carried out by machines. Automated peptide synthesis is a fast and convenient way of synthesizing many peptides simultaneously. This chapter tries to give a general guidance for the development of synthesis protocols for the peptide synthesizer. It also provides some suggestions for the modification of the synthesized peptides. Additionally, many examples of possible challenges during and after the synthesis are given in order to support the reader in finding the best synthesis strategy. Numerous references are given to many of the described matters.
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20
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Di Natale C, La Manna S, De Benedictis I, Brandi P, Marasco D. Perspectives in Peptide-Based Vaccination Strategies for Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:578382. [PMID: 33343349 PMCID: PMC7744882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At the end of December 2019, an epidemic form of respiratory tract infection now named COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China. It is caused by a newly identified viral pathogen, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which can cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. On January 30, 2020, due to the rapid spread of infection, COVID-19 was declared as a global health emergency by the World Health Organization. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the family of Coronaviridae, which are able to infect birds, humans and other mammals. The majority of human coronavirus infections are mild although already in 2003 and in 2012, the epidemics of SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), respectively, were characterized by a high mortality rate. In this regard, many efforts have been made to develop therapeutic strategies against human CoV infections but, unfortunately, drug candidates have shown efficacy only into in vitro studies, limiting their use against COVID-19 infection. Actually, no treatment has been approved in humans against SARS-CoV-2, and therefore there is an urgent need of a suitable vaccine to tackle this health issue. However, the puzzled scenario of biological features of the virus and its interaction with human immune response, represent a challenge for vaccine development. As expected, in hundreds of research laboratories there is a running out of breath to explore different strategies to obtain a safe and quickly spreadable vaccine; and among others, the peptide-based approach represents a turning point as peptides have demonstrated unique features of selectivity and specificity toward specific targets. Peptide-based vaccines imply the identification of different epitopes both on human cells and virus capsid and the design of peptide/peptidomimetics able to counteract the primary host-pathogen interaction, in order to induce a specific host immune response. SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic regions are mainly distributed, as well as for other coronaviruses, across structural areas such as spike, envelope, membrane or nucleocapsid proteins. Herein, we aim to highlight the molecular basis of the infection and recent peptide-based vaccines strategies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic including their delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Brandi
- Centro Nacional De Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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21
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Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Liu J, Pandya P, Ting JP, Afshar S. Peptides to combat viral infectious diseases. Peptides 2020; 134:170402. [PMID: 32889022 PMCID: PMC7462603 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases have resulted in millions of deaths throughout history and have created a significant public healthcare burden. Tremendous efforts have been placed by the scientific communities, health officials and government organizations to detect, treat, and prevent viral infection. However, the complicated life cycle and rapid genetic mutations of viruses demand continuous development of novel medicines with high efficacy and safety profiles. Peptides provide a promising outlook as a tool to combat the spread and re-emergence of viral infection. This article provides an overview of five viral infectious diseases with high global prevalence: influenza, chronic hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019. The current and potential peptide-based therapies, vaccines, and diagnostics for each disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA, 17605, USA
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Priyanka Pandya
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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22
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A bio-safe multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:437. [PMID: 32999814 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop a bio-safe synthetic peptide ELISA for the detection of antibodies against the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using a novel multiple antigenic peptide approach (MAP). After initial ELISA optimization, diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and specificity (DSp) for the linear peptides were determined using receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. The peptide IBVP1 showed 90.44% DSn and 88.64% DSp at ROC cut off 22.8% while IBVP2 showed 88.24% DSn and 85.23% DSp at ROC cut off 23.05%. The multimerization of linear peptides to MAP design resulted in the improvement of the diagnostic efficiency up to 94.85% DSn and 92.05% DSp for IBVM1 with 19.95% cut off. A similar improvement in the performance was also observed with 92.65% DSn and 90.91% DSp for IBVM2 at 20.72% cut off. All the peptides were tested for diagnostic specificity and did not show the cross-reactivity with Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus positive serum samples. In addition, repeatability testing for all linear and multimeric peptide showed that the coefficient of variation for intra-assay was within the expected limits, ranging from 2.4 to 10.4% and inter-assay coefficient of variation was ranging from 5.56 to 14.3%. In a nutshell, the present study used predicted B cell epitope, the synthetic peptide in linear and multimeric design for IBV antibody detection. The study also highlights peptide antigen with modified scaffold design could be a safe alternative to whole virion-based ELISA for IBV antibody detection.
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23
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A Multiple N-Glucosylated Peptide Epitope Efficiently Detecting Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070453. [PMID: 32679694 PMCID: PMC7408607 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostics of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are essentially based on the gold standard magnetic resonance imaging. Few alternative simple assays are available to follow up disease activity. Considering that the disease can remain elusive for years, identification of antibodies fluctuating in biological fluids as relevant biomarkers of immune response is a challenge. In previous studies, we reported that anti-N-glucosylated (N-Glc) peptide antibodies that can be easily detected in Solid-Phase Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays (SP-ELISA) on MS patients’ sera preferentially recognize hyperglucosylated adhesin of non-typeable Haemophilus Influenzae. Since multivalency can be useful for diagnostic purposes to allow an efficient coating in ELISA, we report herein the development of a collection of Multiple N-glucosylated Peptide Epitopes (N-Glc MEPs) to detect anti-N-Glc antibodies in MS. To this aim, a series of N-Glc peptide antigens to be represented in the N-GlcMEPs were tested in competitive ELISA. We confirmed that the epitope recognized by antibodies shall contain at least 5-mer sequences including the fundamental N-Glc moiety. Using a 4-branched dendrimeric lysine scaffold, we selected the N-Glc MEP 24, carrying the minimal epitope Asn(Glc) anchored to a polyethylene glycol-based spacer (PEG) containing a 19-atoms chain, as an efficient multivalent probe to reveal specific and high affinity anti-N-Glc antibodies in MS.
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24
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Kharwade R, More S, Warokar A, Agrawal P, Mahajan N. Starburst pamam dendrimers: Synthetic approaches, surface modifications, and biomedical applications. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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25
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Synthetic peptides to produce antivenoms against the Cys-rich toxins of arachnids. Toxicon X 2020; 6:100038. [PMID: 32550593 PMCID: PMC7285918 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion and spider envenomation is treated with the appropriate antivenoms, prepared as described by Césaire Auguste Phisalix and Albert Calmette in 1894. Such treatment requires the acquisition and manipulation of arachnid venoms, both very complicated procedures. Most of the toxins in the venoms of spiders and scorpions are extremely stable cysteine-rich peptide neurotoxins. Many strategies have been developed to obtain synthetic immunogens to facilitate the production of antivenoms against these toxins. For example, whole peptide toxins can be synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Also, epitopes of the toxins can be identified and after the chemical synthesis of these peptide epitopes by SPPS, they can be coupled to protein carriers to develop efficient immunogens. Moreover, multiple antigenic peptides with a polylysine core can be designed and synthesized. This review focuses on the strategies developed to obtain synthetic immunogens for the production of antivenoms against the toxic Cys-rich peptides of scorpions and spiders.
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Cortés-Sarabia K, Rodríguez-Nava C, Medina-Flores Y, Mata-Ruíz O, López-Meza JE, Gómez-Cervantes MD, Parra-Rojas I, Illades-Aguiar B, Flores-Alfaro E, Vences-Velázquez A. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the sialidase of Gardnerella vaginalis using a synthetic peptide in a MAP8 format. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6173-6183. [PMID: 32462244 PMCID: PMC7253150 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most frequent vaginal infections. Its main etiological agent is Gardnerella vaginalis, which produces several virulence factors involved in vaginal infection and colonization, in particular, sialidase (SLD), a potential clinical biomarker that participates in immune response modulation and mucus degradation. The main objective of this work was the production and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody against G. vaginalis sialidase and its validation in immunoassays. For immunization of mice, a synthetic multiantigenic peptide was used, and hybridomas were generated. After fusion, hybridomas were evaluated for antibody production and cloned by limited dilution. One clone producing IgG1 was selected and characterized by indirect ELISA, dot blot, and Western blot, and we also tested clinical isolates and HeLa cells infected with G. vaginalis. The results showed that the anti-SLD antibody recognized a single protein of ~90 kDa that correlated with the estimated molecular weight of SLD. In addition, anti-SLD antibody recognized SLD from complete bacteria and from culture supernatants of infected Hela cells. In conclusion, our results showed that the anti-SLD antibody recognized SLD from different sources and could be considered a new tool for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Key Points • Anti-sialidase mAb was generated using a synthetic peptide • The mAb recognizes synthetic peptide and intact protein from multiple sources • The antibody was characterized by several immunological methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Rodríguez-Nava
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Medina-Flores
- Laboratorio de Anticuerpos Monoclonales, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Olga Mata-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Anticuerpos Monoclonales, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Joel E López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Ma Y, Tang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jin B, Ma Y. Design and synthesis of HLA-A*02-restricted Hantaan virus multiple-antigenic peptide for CD8 + T cells. Virol J 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32005266 PMCID: PMC6995102 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaan virus (HTNV) can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans with severe morbidity and high mortality. Although inactivated HFRS vaccines are given annually for prevention in populations, China still has the highest number of HFRS cases and deaths worldwide. Consequently, vaccination for HFRS requires the development of novel, more effective vaccines. Epitope peptide vaccines have been developed rapidly in recent years and are considered a novel approach for the prevention of infection. Specifically, the multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) design with preferable immunogenicity can arouse a satisfactory immune response for vaccination. However, there are few reports on the design and evaluation of MAP for HTNV. Methods Three HLA-A*02-restricted 9-mer cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes on HTNV glycoprotein and one HLA-A*02-restricted 9-mer CTL epitope on the HTNV nucleocapsid, which have been proven to be immunoprotective in our previous study, were selected for the design of HTNV MAP. A four-branched HTNV MAP was evaluated by the IFN-γ-secreting enzyme-linked immunospot assay and proliferation induction capacity of CD8+ T cells and compared with the single HTNV CTL epitope in 17 HLA-A*02+ patients with HFRS. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison of parameters between different subject groups. Results The macromolecular HTNV MAP was designed with a polylysine core and four radially branched single CTL epitope chains. Importantly, HTNV MAP could stimulate CD8+ T cell secretion of IFN-γ in HLA-A*02+ patients with HFRS. The frequency of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the MAP stimulation group was significantly higher than that in the single HTNV CTL epitope stimulation groups (P < 0.005). Meanwhile, the activity of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the HTNV MAP group was also higher than that of the single CTL epitope groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a much stronger ability of HTNV MAP to stimulate CD8+ T cell proliferation compared with that of a single HTNV CTL epitope. Conclusions The designed HTNV MAP could induce CTL responses ex vivo and may be considered a candidate for the design and development of novel HTNV peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- The Fourth Team, Academy of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Sapra R, Verma RP, Maurya GP, Dhawan S, Babu J, Haridas V. Designer Peptide and Protein Dendrimers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11391-11441. [PMID: 31556597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers have attracted immense interest in science and technology due to their unique chemical structure that offers a myriad of opportunities for researchers. Dendritic design allows us to present peptides in a branched three-dimensional fashion that eventually leads to a globular shape, thus mimicking globular proteins. Peptide dendrimers, unlike other classes of dendrimers, have immense applications in biomedical research due to their biological origin. The diversity of potential building blocks and innumerable possibilities for design, along with the fact that the area is relatively underexplored, make peptide dendrimers sought-after candidates for various applications. This review summarizes the stepwise evolution of peptidic dendrimers along with their multifaceted applications in various fields. Further, the introduction of biomacromolecules such as proteins to a dendritic scaffold, resulting in complex macromolecules with discrete molecular weights, is an altogether new addition to the area of organic chemistry. The synthesis of highly complex and fully folded biomacromolecules on a dendritic scaffold requires expertise in synthetic organic chemistry and biology. Presently, there are only a handful of examples of protein dendrimers; we believe that these limited examples will fuel further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Sapra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Ram P Verma
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Govind P Maurya
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Sameer Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Jisha Babu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi 110016 , India
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Tabatabaei Mirakabad FS, Khoramgah MS, Keshavarz F K, Tabarzad M, Ranjbari J. Peptide dendrimers as valuable biomaterials in medical sciences. Life Sci 2019; 233:116754. [PMID: 31415768 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are oligomers of amino acids, which have been used in a wide range of applications, particularly in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Linear peptides have been extensively developed in various fields of medicine as therapeutics or targeting agents. The branched structure of peptide dendrimers with peptide (commonly, poly l‑Lysine) or non-peptide (commonly poly‑amidoamine) core, often exhibits valuable novel features, improves stability and enhances the functionality of peptide in comparison with small linear peptides. The potential applications of Branched and hyper-branched peptidic structures which are known as peptide dendrimers in biomedical sciences have been approved vastly. A peptide dendrimer contains three distinct parts including core, building blocks and branching units or surface functional groups. These structures provide a lot of opportunities in the pharmaceutical field, particularly for novel drug development. In this review, a brief summary of different biomedical applications of peptide dendrimers is presented, and peptide dendrimers as active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug delivery carriers are discussed. Applications of peptide dendrimers in vaccines and diagnostic tools are also presented, in brief. Generally, peptide dendrimers are promising biomaterials with high evolution rate for clinical and non-clinical applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Sadat Khoramgah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Keshavarz F
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Coitinho JB, Costa MAF, Melo EM, Morais EA, de Andrade LGA, da Rocha AM, de Magalhães MTQ, Favaro DC, Bleicher L, Pedroso ERP, Goes AM, Nagem RAP. Structural and immunological characterization of a new nucleotidyltransferase-like antigen from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:151-162. [PMID: 31108423 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pb27 antigen is an interesting alternative to immunological diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and has demonstrated to be protective in experimental PCM. Its tertiary structure and possible function remained unknown till now. To study Pb27 at the atomic level, the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified, and its three-dimensional structure was solved by X-ray crystallography. Based on this structure, we performed a residue correlation analysis and in silico ligand search assays to address a possible biological function to Pb27. We identified Pb27 as a member of the extensive nucleotidyltransferase superfamily. The protein has an αβαβαβ topology with two domains (N- and C-terminal domains) and adopts a monomeric form as its biological unit in solution. Structural comparisons with similar members of the superfamily clearly indicate Pb27 C-terminal domain is singular and may play an important role in its biological function. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that Pb27 might bind to ATP and CTP. This suggestion is corroborated by the fact that a magnesium cation is coordinated by two aspartic acid residues present at the active site (between N- and C-terminal domains), as evidenced by X-ray diffraction data. Besides, NMR assays (1H-15N HSQC spectra) confirmed the binding of CTP to Pb27, demonstrating for the first time an interaction between a nucleotide and this protein. Moreover, we evaluated the reactivity of sera from patients with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection against the recombinant form of Pb27 and showed that it was recognized by sera from infected and treated patients. Predicted B and T cell epitopes were synthesized and further evaluated against sera of PCM patients, providing information of the most reactive peptides in Pb27 primary structure which interact with specific Pb27 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B Coitinho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana A F Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eliza M Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elis A Morais
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lorena G A de Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline M da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana T Q de Magalhães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denize C Favaro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bleicher
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Enio R P Pedroso
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alfredo M Goes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A P Nagem
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Malik YS, Singh RK, Yadav MP. Epidemiological Perspective in Managing Viral Diseases in Animals. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANIMAL VIROLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121847 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the first report of a viral disease associated with plants, the fascinating field of virology has evolved and aided mankind altogether. Viral infections are known for inflicting colossal economic losses worldwide in food/work/companion animals. During the last few decades, emergence of a number of new viral diseases in animals, humans and plants has been visualized. Animal disease surveillance and monitoring is essential for the sustainability of healthy livestock production systems internationally. Preparedness for combating the emerging, re-emerging, exotic and transboundary diseases requires comprehensive monitoring and precision detection systems that are pliable under the field situations. With collective and concerted scientific interventions, a few of the animal viral diseases have been stamped out globally or regionally. Rinderpest, popularly called cattle plague, was eradicated from India in 2006 and globally in 2011. Notably, India achieved the disease-free status by OIE in 2014 for African horse sickness (peste equine), a deadly viral disease of equines. Likewise, equine infectious anaemia (EIA) and equine influenza (EI) have been controlled to a greater extent in India by adopting surveillance and monitoring along with zoo sanitary measures. Overall, there is a need for developing the ‘One World, One Health’ concept using multidisciplinary, regional and international networking to control major economically important emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases of humans and animals. This chapter describes various strategies for combating viral diseases of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
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Brunetti J, Falciani C, Bracci L, Pini A. Branched peptides as bioactive molecules for drug design. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
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33
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Sahoo JK, Braegelman AS, Webber MJ. Immunoengineering with Supramolecular Peptide Biomaterials. J Indian Inst Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-018-0060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Behrendt I, Prądzińska M, Spodzieja M, Czaplewska P, Kołodziejczyk AS, Szymańska A, Kasprzykowski F, Lundström SL, Zubarev RA, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S. Identification and characterization of antibodies elicited by human cystatin C fragment. J Mol Recognit 2017; 31. [PMID: 29205549 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases that affect the independence and quality of life of aging populations. One of rather atypical, occurring at a young age amyloidosis is hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) related to aggregation of L68Q variant of human cystatin C (hCC). Human cystatin C plays a very important role in many aspects of human health; however, its amyloidogenic properties manifested in HCCAA present a real, lethal threat to some populations and any work on factors that can affect possible influencing hCC aggregation is not to overestimate. It was proved that interaction of hCC with monoclonal antibodies suppresses significantly hCC dimerization process. Therefore, immunotherapy seems to be the right approach toward possible HCCAA treatment. In this work, the hCC fragment encompassing residue 60-70 (in 2 variants: linear peptide and multiple antigenic peptide) was used as an immunogen in rabbit immunization. As a result, specific anti-hCC antibodies were found in both rabbit sera. Surprisingly, rabbit antibodies were obtained after immunization with only a short peptide. The obtained antibodies were characterized, and their influence on the aggregation propensity of the hCC molecules was evaluated. The antibodies turned out not to have any significant influence on the cystatin C dimerization process. Nevertheless, we hope that antibodies elicited in rabbits by other hCC fragments could lead to elaboration of effective treatment against HCCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Susanna L Lundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu F, Chen Z, Shen Y, Sun Y, Yang J, Wang H, Lei H, Xu Z. Hapten synthesis and production of specific antibody against 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidone for immunoassay without derivatisation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1376038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South People’s Republic of China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Santos S, Gonzaga R, Silva J, Savino D, Prieto D, Shikay J, Silva R, Paulo L, Ferreira E, Giarolla J. Peptide dendrimers: drug/gene delivery and other approaches. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are versatile hyperbranched molecules, which have deserved attention especially for their potential in many applications, including biological. Peptide dendrimers comprise interesting classes of dendrimers, and their use has been emphasized as a drug/bioactive compound delivery system, mostly in the antineoplastic area. The bioactive molecules can be covalently linked or entrapped inside the peptide derivative. Self-assembled nanocarriers are a recent trend in the design of potential delivery systems, and pH-sensitive carriers, one of their methods, have been designed to control their systems. In addition, the use of targeting peptides or other specific groups that direct the drug/bioactive compounds to specific organs is an important trend in the search for better drug delivery systems. Recent examples have been given in the literature, showing that gene delivery as another important peptide dendrimer application. It is worth emphasizing that some peptide dendrimers show activity per se, without bioactive compounds. Immune compounds and vaccines are presented herein, as well as uses of other peptide dendrimers are briefly discussed in this review, which encompasses around 10 years of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.S. Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R.V. Gonzaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J.V. Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D.F. Savino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Prieto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J.M. Shikay
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R.S. Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L.H.A. Paulo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E.I. Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. Giarolla
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abdelhafez TH, Bader El Din NG, Tabll AA, Mashaly MM, Dawood RM, Yassin NA, El-Awady MK. Mice Antibody Response to Conserved Nonadjuvanted Multiple Antigenic Peptides Derived from E1/E2 Regions of Hepatitis C Virus. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:359-365. [PMID: 2840219 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptides are one of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific small molecules that have antiviral activity and represent a target for HCV vaccine. This study aims to determine the lowest concentration of adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted (multiple antigenic peptide [MAP]) form of three conserved HCV envelope peptides that can induce murine immunogenic responses and evaluate the neutralization capacities of the generated antibodies (Abs) against HCV in cultured Huh7.5 cells. In this study, three HCV synthetic peptides, E1 peptide (a.a 315-323) and E2 peptides (a.a 412-419 and a.a 516-531) were synthesized. Female Balb/c mice were immunized with different concentration of either adjuvanted linear peptides or nonadjuvanted MAP peptides to determine the lowest dose that generates Ab responses enough to confer viral neutralization in vitro. The humoral responses targeting these peptides in immunized mice sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Viral neutralization capacities of the generated mice Abs were assessed using Huh7.5 cells infected with the HCVcc infectious system (J6/JFH-1). The results of this study showed that the MAPs induce higher Ab titers than adjuvanted linear peptides after 4 weeks of immunization (p = 0.003). The viral neutralization experiments showed that the immunized mice sera contain anti E1/E2 Abs that blocked HCVcc (J6/JFH-1) entry into Huh7.5 cells. In conclusion, the three HCV envelope MAP peptides are more immunogenic and produce higher neutralizing Abs than linear peptides; therefore, they can be essential components for HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfeek H Abdelhafez
- 1 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha G Bader El Din
- 1 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- 1 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Mashaly
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University , Damietta, Egypt
| | - Reham M Dawood
- 1 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nemat A Yassin
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K El-Awady
- 1 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Antimicrobial Dendrimeric Peptides: Structure, Activity and New Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030542. [PMID: 28273806 PMCID: PMC5372558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics is one of the most outstanding medical and scientific challenges of our times. Despite the recognised need for new anti-infective agents, however, very few new drugs have been brought to the market and to the clinic in the last three decades. This review highlights the properties of a new class of antibiotics, namely dendrimeric peptides. These intriguing novel compounds, generally made of multiple peptidic sequences linked to an inner branched core, display an array of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities, usually coupled to low haemolytic activity. In addition, several peptides synthesized in oligobranched form proved to be promising tools for the selective treatment of cancer cells.
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Yu H, Tang Z, Zhang D, Song W, Duan T, Gu J, Chen X. Poly(ornithine-co-arginine-co-glycine-co-aspartic Acid): Preparation via NCA Polymerization and its Potential as a Polymeric Tumor-Penetrating Agent. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:829-38. [PMID: 25740002 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel random copolypeptide of ornithine, arginine, glycine, and aspartic acid [Poly(ornithine-co-arginine-co-glycine-co-aspartic acid), Poly(O,R,G,D)] has been prepared through ring-opening polymerization of N-δ-carbobenzoxy-l-ornithine N-carboxyanhydride [Orn(Cbz)-NCA)], l-glycine N-carboxyanhydride (Gly-NCA) and β-benzyl l-aspartate N-carboxyanhydride [Asp(Bn)-NCA], following by subsequent deprotection and guanidization. The structure of Poly(O,R,G,D) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Low cytotoxicity of Poly(O,R,G,D) was confirmed from MTT assay. The Poly(O,R,G,D) contain some internal sequences of RXXR (X = O, R, G, or D) that could be proteolytically cleaved to expose the cryptic CendR element and bind to Neuropilin-1. This would lead to vascular and tissue permeabilization. Therefore trypsin-cleaved Poly(O,R,G,D) increase the vascular leakage of Evans blue from dermal microvessels at the injection site in vivo skin permeability assay. The intratumoral injection of the Poly(O,R,G,D) significantly enhanced the concentration of cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles in MCF-7 solid tumors. These results show that Poly(O,R,G,D) could increase the vascular leakage and tissue penetration of nanoparticles in a solid tumor and can be used as a potential polymeric tumor-penetrating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Taicheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Dongminzhu Street, Changchun, 130061, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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ZHANG JUN, YANG JIANMIN, CAI YUAN, JIN NI, WANG HUIJU, YU TONG. Multiple antigenic polypeptide composed of heparanase B-cell epitopes shrinks human hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1248-56. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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