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Grimus S, Sarangova V, Welzel PB, Ludwig B, Seissler J, Kemter E, Wolf E, Ali A. Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401385. [PMID: 38884159 PMCID: PMC11336975 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency primarily due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The prevailing treatment for T1DM involves daily subcutaneous insulin injections, but a substantial proportion of patients face challenges such as severe hypoglycemic episodes and poorly controlled hyperglycemia. For T1DM patients, a more effective therapeutic option involves the replacement of β-cells through allogeneic transplantation of either the entire pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of transplantable human organs has led to a growing list of patients waiting for an islet transplant. One potential alternative is xenotransplantation of porcine pancreatic islets. However, due to inter-species molecular incompatibilities, porcine tissues trigger a robust immune response in humans, leading to xenograft rejection. Several promising strategies aim to overcome this challenge and enhance the long-term survival and functionality of xenogeneic islet grafts. These strategies include the use of islets derived from genetically modified pigs, immunoisolation of islets by encapsulation in biocompatible materials, and the creation of an immunomodulatory microenvironment by co-transplanting islets with accessory cells or utilizing immunomodulatory biomaterials. This review concentrates on delineating the primary obstacles in islet xenotransplantation and elucidates the fundamental principles and recent breakthroughs aimed at addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grimus
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
| | - Victoria Sarangova
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials DresdenD‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials DresdenD‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01307DresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität DresdenD‐01307DresdenGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)D‐85764NeuherbergGermany
- DFG‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01307DresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVDiabetes Zentrum – Campus InnenstadtKlinikum der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenD‐80336MunichGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)D‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)D‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Asghar Ali
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
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Salloum A, Bazzi N, Squires S, Chu T, Benedetto P, Benedetto A. Comparing the application of various engineered xenografts for skin defects: A systematic review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:921-931. [PMID: 36409467 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xenografts are a now a cornerstone in the management of wound dressings. Promising results were achieved since 1960 in the application of skin substitute for skin defects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various xenografts. METHODS A literature research was conducted using the following query: 'Porcine skin dermatology substitute', 'bovine skin dermatology substitute', 'xenograft skin substitute dermatology', 'xenografts skin defect', 'porcine skin defect', 'bovine skin defect'. RESULTS The review yielded 35 articles pertaining to the topic. Main indications for porcine and bovine xenograft application were burn wounds and post-traumatic wounds, respectively. Mean discharge date or length of stay was at the 6th day after porcine application, and the time of graft healing was reported for 33.7% (n = 510) of patients. Promising results were seen with Matriderm and split-thickness skin graft. Most wounds achieved an excellent cosmetic result with full range of motion and a smooth contour appearance. A great variety of tissue substitutes exist, and the choice of graft application should depend on a patient's factors, product availability, wound type, size, and physician's factors. CONCLUSION In summary, xenografts are more economic and affordable but have higher risk of infections compared to allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Salloum
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nagham Bazzi
- Lebanese University, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Thomas Chu
- East Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Benedetto
- Dermatologic Surgicenter, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Westin, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony Benedetto
- Dermatologic Surgicenter, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Anisha GS. Biopharmaceutical applications of α-galactosidases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:257-267. [PMID: 35436353 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases are exoglycosidases that are active on galactose-containing side chains in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. α-Galactosidases are gaining increased interest in human medicine, especially in the enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry's disease. α-Galactosidases with regioselectivity toward α-1,3-linked galactose find application in xenotransplantation and blood group transformation. The use of α-galactosidases as a therapeutic agent in alleviating the postprandial symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is much acclaimed. The excellent therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases have led to an upwelling of worldwide research interventions to identify novel α-galactosidases with improved catalytic efficiency. In addition to these therapeutic applications, α-galactosidases also have interesting applications in the industrial sectors like food, feed, probiotics, sugar, and paper pulp. The current review focuses on the diverse therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Wang W, Lu J, Song Y, Zeng C, Wang Y, Yang C, Huang B, Dai Y, Yang J, Lai L, Wang L, Cai D, Bai X. Repair of bone defects in rhesus monkeys with α1,3-galactosyltransferase-knockout pig cancellous bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:990769. [PMID: 36172016 PMCID: PMC9510634 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.990769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since xenografts offer a wide range of incomparable advantages, they can be a better option than allografts but only if the possibility of immunological rejection can be eliminated. In this study, we investigated the ability of α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3-GT) gene knockout (GTKO) pig cancellous bone to promote the repair of a femoral condyle bone defect and its influence on heterologous immune rejection. Materials and methods: Cylindrical bone defects created in a rhesus monkey model were transplanted with GTKO bone, WT bone or left empty. For immunological evaluation, T lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD8+ in peripheral blood were assayed by flow cytometry, and the IL-2 and IFN-γ contents of peripheral blood serum were analyzed by ELISA at 2, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days post-surgery. Micro-CT scans and histological assessment were conducted at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Results: Compared with WT-pig bone, the heterologous immunogenicity of GTKO-pig bone was reduced. The defect filled with fresh GTKO-pig bone was tightly integrated with the graft. Histological analysis showed that GTKO-pig cancellous bone showed better osseointegration and an appropriate rate of resorption. Osteoblast phenotype progression in the GTKO group was not affected, which revealed that GTKO-pig bone could not only fill and maintain the bone defect, but also promote new bone formation. Conclusion: GTKO-pig cancellous bone decreased the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) to inhibit xenotransplant rejection. Moreover, GTKO group increased more bone formation by micro-CT analysis and osteoblastic markers (Runx2, OSX and OCN). Together, GTKO-pig cancellous bone showed better bone repair than WT-pig cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiansen Lu
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongkui Wang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Wang
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Daozhang Cai, ; Xiaochun Bai,
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Daozhang Cai, ; Xiaochun Bai,
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Zhou Q, Li T, Wang K, Zhang Q, Geng Z, Deng S, Cheng C, Wang Y. Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928173. [PMID: 35967435 PMCID: PMC9367636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is often the last resort for end-stage organ failures, e.g., kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. The shortage of donor organs is the main limiting factor for successful transplantation in humans. Except living donations, other alternatives are needed, e.g., xenotransplantation of pig organs. However, immune rejection remains the major challenge to overcome in xenotransplantation. There are three different xenogeneic types of rejections, based on the responses and mechanisms involved. It includes hyperacute rejection (HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) and chronic rejection. DXR, sometimes involves acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHR) and cellular xenograft rejection (CXR), which cannot be strictly distinguished from each other in pathological process. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the mechanism of these immunological rejections and summarized the strategies for preventing them, such as generation of gene knock out donors by different genome editing tools and the use of immunosuppressive regimens. We also addressed organ-specific barriers and challenges needed to pave the way for clinical xenotransplantation. Taken together, this information will benefit the current immunological research in the field of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronics and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuowen Geng
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Chunming Cheng, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Cheng, ; Yi Wang,
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6
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Connolly MR, Kuravi K, Burdorf L, Sorrells L, Morrill B, Cimeno A, Vaught T, Dandro A, Sendil S, Habibabady ZA, Monahan J, Li T, LaMattina J, Eyestone W, Ayares D, Phelps C, Azimzadeh AM, Pierson RN. Humanized von Willebrand factor reduces platelet sequestration in ex vivo and in vivo xenotransplant models. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12712. [PMID: 34657336 PMCID: PMC10266522 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The transplantation of organs across species offers the potential to solve the shortage of human organs. While activation of human platelets by human von Willebrand factor (vWF) requires vWF activation by shear stress, contact between human platelets and porcine vWF (pvWF) leads to spontaneous platelet adhesion and activation. This non-physiologic interaction may contribute to the thrombocytopenia and coagulation pathway dysregulation often associated with xenotransplantation of pig organs in nonhuman primates. Pigs genetically modified to decrease antibody and complement-dependent rejection (GTKO.hCD46) were engineered to express humanized pvWF (h*pvWF) by replacing a pvWF gene region that encodes the glycoprotein Ib-binding site with human cDNA orthologs. This modification corrected for non-physiologic human platelet aggregation on exposure to pig plasma, while preserving in vitro platelet activation by collagen. Organs from pigs with h*pvWF demonstrated reduced platelet sequestration during lung (p ≤ .01) and liver (p ≤ .038 within 4 h) perfusion ex vivo with human blood and after pig-to-baboon lung transplantation (p ≤ .007). Residual platelet sequestration and activation were not prevented by the blockade of canonical platelet adhesion pathways. The h*pvWF modification prevents physiologically inappropriate activation of human or baboon platelets by porcine vWF, addressing one cause of the thrombocytopenia and platelet activation observed with xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Connolly
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lars Burdorf
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Arielle Cimeno
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Selin Sendil
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra A Habibabady
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tiezheng Li
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John LaMattina
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Agnes M Azimzadeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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One-Step Generation of Multiple Gene-Edited Pigs by Electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 System into Zygotes to Reduce Xenoantigen Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052249. [PMID: 33668187 PMCID: PMC7956194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenoantigens cause hyperacute rejection and limit the success of interspecific xenografts. Therefore, genes involved in xenoantigen biosynthesis, such as GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2, are key targets to improve the outcomes of xenotransplantation. In this study, we introduced a CRISPR/Cas9 system simultaneously targeting GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 into in vitro-fertilized zygotes using electroporation for the one-step generation of multiple gene-edited pigs without xenoantigens. First, we optimized the combination of guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting GGTA1 and CMAH with respect to gene editing efficiency in zygotes, and transferred electroporated embryos with the optimized gRNAs and Cas9 into recipient gilts. Next, we optimized the Cas9 protein concentration with respect to the gene editing efficiency when GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 were targeted simultaneously, and generated gene-edited pigs using the optimized conditions. We achieved the one-step generation of GGTA1/CMAH double-edited pigs and GGTA1/CMAH/B4GALNT2 triple-edited pigs. Immunohistological analyses demonstrated the downregulation of xenoantigens; however, these multiple gene-edited pigs were genetic mosaics that failed to knock out some xenoantigens. Although mosaicism should be resolved, the electroporation technique could become a primary method for the one-step generation of multiple gene modifications in pigs aimed at improving pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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8
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Li C, Wang F, Li R, Ishfaq M, Chen H, Liu F, Liu Y. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for 1-month-old specific-pathogen-free Landrace pigs. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:76-80. [PMID: 33550680 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals (RIs) provide valuable data for the nutritional status and clinical diagnosis of animals. However, the specific hematologic and biochemical RIs for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Landrace pigs has not been determined. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to establish the hematologic and biochemical RIs for SPF 1-month-old Landrace pigs. METHODS Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 105 SPF 1-month-old Landrace pigs (50 males and 55 females), and complete blood counts and biochemical examinations were performed. The mean, RI, and 90% confidence interval were calculated for each variable, and gender differences were analyzed. RESULTS Reference intervals for SPF 1-month-old Landrace pigs were generated. The results revealed that there was generally no significant difference between male and female hematologic and serum biochemical variables (P > .05). However, a significant difference was noted in serum triglyceride concentrations between male and female pigs (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides hematologic and biochemical RIs for SPF 1-month-old Landrace pigs and provides basic data for the research and application of SPF Landrace pigs as a laboratory animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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9
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Le QA, Tanihara F, Wittayarat M, Namula Z, Sato Y, Lin Q, Takebayashi K, Hirata M, Otoi T. Comparison of the effects of introducing the CRISPR/Cas9 system by microinjection and electroporation into porcine embryos at different stages. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:7. [PMID: 33407863 PMCID: PMC7788904 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cytoplasmic microinjection and electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into zygotes are used for generating genetically modified pigs. However, these methods create mosaic mutations in embryos. In this study, we evaluated whether the gene editing method and embryonic stage for gene editing affect the gene editing efficiency of porcine embryos. Results First, we designed five guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting the B4GALNT2 gene and evaluated mutation efficiency by introducing each gRNA with Cas9 protein into zygotes by electroporation. Next, the optimized gRNA with Cas9 protein was introduced into 1-cell and 2-cell stage embryos by either microinjection or electroporation. The sequence of gRNA affected the bi-allelic mutation rate and mutation efficiency of blastocysts derived from electroporated embryos. Microinjection significantly decreased the cleavage rates in each embryonic stage and blastocyst formation rates in 2-cell stage embryos compared with electroporation (p < 0.05). However, the bi-allelic mutation rate and mutation efficiency of blastocysts from the 1-cell stage embryos edited using microinjection were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of blastocysts from the 2-cell stage embryos edited by both methods. These results indicate that the gene editing method and embryonic stage for gene editing may affect the genotype and mutation efficiency of the resulting embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Anh Le
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan.
| | - Manita Wittayarat
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Zhao Namula
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan.,College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yoko Sato
- School of Biological Science, Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Qingyi Lin
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Koki Takebayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
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10
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Tanihara F, Hirata M, Nguyen NT, Sawamoto O, Kikuchi T, Doi M, Otoi T. Efficient generation of GGTA1-deficient pigs by electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into in vitro-fertilized zygotes. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32811500 PMCID: PMC7436961 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenoantigens are a major source of concern with regard to the success of interspecific xenografts. GGTA1 encodes α1,3-galactosyltransferase, which is essential for the biosynthesis of galactosyl-alpha 1,3-galactose, the major xenoantigen causing hyperacute rejection. GGTA1-modified pigs, therefore, are promising donors for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. In this study, we developed a method for the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into in vitro-fertilized porcine zygotes via electroporation to generate GGTA1-modified pigs. RESULTS We designed five guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting distinct sites in GGTA1. After the introduction of the Cas9 protein with each gRNA via electroporation, the gene editing efficiency in blastocysts developed from zygotes was evaluated. The gRNA with the highest gene editing efficiency was used to generate GGTA1-edited pigs. Six piglets were delivered from two recipient gilts after the transfer of electroporated zygotes with the Cas9/gRNA complex. Deep sequencing analysis revealed that five out of six piglets carried a biallelic mutation in the targeted region of GGTA1, with no off-target events. Furthermore, staining with isolectin B4 confirmed deficient GGTA1 function in GGTA1 biallelic mutant piglets. CONCLUSIONS We established GGTA1-modified pigs with high efficiency by introducing a CRISPR/Cas9 system into zygotes via electroporation. Multiple gene modifications, including knock-ins of human genes, in porcine zygotes via electroporation may further improve the application of the technique in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan.
| | - Nhien Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Masako Doi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
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11
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Kitala D, Klama-Baryła A, Łabuś W, Kraut M, Glik J, Kawecki M, Joszko K, Gzik-Zroska B. Porcine Transgenic, Acellular Material as an Alternative for Human Skin. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2218-2222. [PMID: 32684370 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although new therapeutic approaches for burn treatment have made progress, there is still need for efficient coverage of donor fields. Promising dressing for skin graft donor site should be biocompatible, attach easily to the wound bed, remain in place until donor site has renewed, and decrease morbidity at the site. Porcine skin may be applied as a dressing for severe burns. Therefore pig skin xenografts can be used also as donor field coverage. In the Burn Treatment Centre, we used gauze soaked in Vaseline to secure donor fields. The aim of the study was to check if transgenic porcine skin is better than standard in donor site coverage used in our center. We showed that dressing reduces pain experienced by patients. The dressing leads to a reduction of hospitalization time by an average of 8 days. The dressing is as safe as the gold standard. Securing the donor field reduces the risk of colonization of the wound in the second smear after application by 60%. The disadvantage of the dressing is the inability to absorb blood; the use of hemostatic ointments in combination with the skin of transgenic pigs should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kitala
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Łabuś
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kraut
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Justyna Glik
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Marek Kawecki
- Dr Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Kamil Joszko
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Gliwice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Bożena Gzik-Zroska
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Gliwice, Silesia, Poland
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12
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Klama-Baryła A, Kitala D, Łabuś W, Kraut M, Szapski M, Słomski R. Is Transgenic Porcine Skin as Good as Allogeneic Skin for Regenerative Medicine? Comparison of Chosen Properties of Xeno- and Allogeneic Material. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2208-2217. [PMID: 32334798 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn treatment is associated with the need of dressing large cutaneous defects. There is a need of alternative search for the allogeneic skin as a source of grafting for a clinical use. Such sources include animals. For many years, porcine skin was used as a biological dressing for wounds or donor's fields, or residual fields after skin grafting. Current studies aim to minimize immunogenicity, inter alia, through the decellularization process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The decellularization methods and porcine skin resettlement of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were evaluated. The mechanical properties of the dressings and their influence on the viability, apoptosis, population doubling, and cell cycle of keratinocytes and fibroblasts were examined. The inheritance of cell antigens responsible for histocompatibility on the human keratinocyte and fibroblast surface in the cultures incubated with examined variants of dressings from porcine skin were analyzed. RESULTS The most effective acellularization method is trypsinization. Morphology of the cell remained proper and stable during the whole experiment. In both fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures, the highest number of apoptotic cells was observed when samples were incubated with allogeneic skin. In the keratinocyte cultures, the highest number of live cells was observed when incubated with porcine transgenic acellular dermal matrix. The acellular matrices influence the increase of population doubling of keratinocytes in the cultures. CONCLUSION For routine acellurization, trypsinization was chosen as the most effective method with preservation of tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Kitala
- Stanislaw Sakiel Burn Treatment Center, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łabuś
- Stanislaw Sakiel Burn Treatment Center, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kraut
- Stanislaw Sakiel Burn Treatment Center, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Michał Szapski
- Stanislaw Sakiel Burn Treatment Center, Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Bilodeau C, Goltsis O, Rogers IM, Post M. Limitations of recellularized biological scaffolds for human transplantation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:521-538. [PMID: 31826325 DOI: 10.1002/term.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A shortage of donor organs for transplantation and the dependence of the recipients on immunosuppressive therapy have motivated researchers to consider alternative regenerative approaches. The answer may reside in acellular scaffolds generated from cadaveric human and animal tissues. Acellular scaffolds are expected to preserve the architectural and mechanical properties of the original organ, permitting cell attachment, growth, and differentiation. Although theoretically, the use of acellular scaffolds for transplantation should pose no threat to the recipient's immune system, experimental data have revealed significant immune responses to allogeneic and xenogeneic transplanted scaffolds. Herein, we review the various factors of the scaffold that could trigger an inflammatory and/or immune response, thereby compromising its use for human transplant therapy. In addition, we provide an overview of the major cell types that have been considered for recellularization of the scaffold and their potential contribution to triggering an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bilodeau
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Goltsis
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian M Rogers
- Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Bhatia S, Singh A, Batra N, Singh J. Microbial production and biotechnological applications of α-galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1294-1313. [PMID: 31747573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase, (E.C. 3.2.1.22) is an exoglycosidase that target galactooligosaccharides such as raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and branched polysaccharides like galactomannans and galacto-glucomannans by catalysing the hydrolysis of α-1,6 linked terminal galactose residues. The enzyme has been isolated and characterized from microbial, plant and animal sources. This ubiquitous enzyme possesses physiological significance and immense industrial potential. Optimization of the growth conditions and efficient purification strategies can lead to a significant increase in the enzyme production. To boost commercial productivity, cloning of novel α-galactosidase genes and their heterologous expression in suitable host has gained popularity. Enzyme immobilization leads to its greater reutilization, superior thermostability, pH tolerance and increased activity. The enzyme is well explored in food industry in the removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soymilk and sugar crystallization process. It also improves animal feed quality and biomass processing. Applications of the enzyme is in the area of biomedicine includes therapeutic advances in treatment of Fabry disease, blood group conversion and removal of α-gal type immunogenic epitopes in xenotransplantation. With considerable biotechnological applications, this enzyme has been vastly commercialized and holds greater future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhinashi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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15
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Wang X, Shi J, Cai G, Zheng E, Liu D, Wu Z, Li Z. Overexpression of MBD3 Improves Reprogramming of Cloned Pig Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:221-228. [PMID: 31393170 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 (MBD3) is a core component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is crucial for pluripotent stem cell differentiation and embryonic development. MBD3 was shown to play important roles in transcription factor-induced somatic cell reprogramming. Expression level of MBD3 was demonstrated to be higher in somatic cell nuclear transfer-generated cloned pig embryos than in fertilization-derived porcine embryos. However, the functions of MBD3 in nuclear transfer-mediated somatic cell reprogramming are unknown. In this study, MBD3 was overexpressed in cloned pig embryos, and the effects of MBD3 overexpression on gene transcription, DNA methylation, and in vitro developmental competence of cloned pig embryos were analyzed. Results indicated that overexpression of MBD3 in cloned pig embryos not only increased blastocyst rate and number of cells per blastocyst but also upregulated mRNA expression levels and decreased the DNA methylation of NANOG, OCT4, and LINE1 genes to the levels close to those in in vivo fertilization-produced pig embryos. These findings suggest that overexpression of MBD3 improves reprogramming of cloned pig embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- Guangdong Wen's Breeding Swine Company, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Muhamed J, Anilkumar T, Rajan A, Surendran A, Jaleel A. Identification of potentially immunogenic proteins in porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf4e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Whitworth KM, Cecil R, Benne JA, Redel BK, Spate LD, Samuel MS, Prather RS, Wells KD. Zygote injection of RNA encoding Cre recombinase results in efficient removal of LoxP flanked neomycin cassettes in pigs. Transgenic Res 2018. [PMID: 29516259 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered pigs are often created with a targeting vector that contains a loxP flanked selectable marker like neomycin. The Cre-loxP recombinase system can be used to remove the selectable marker gene from the resulting offspring or cell line. Here is described a new method to remove a loxP flanked neomycin cassette by direct zygote injection of an mRNA encoding Cre recombinase. The optimal concentration of mRNA was determined to be 10 ng/μL when compared to 2 and 100 ng/μL (P < 0.0001). Development to the blastocyst stage was 14.1% after zygote injection with 10 ng/μL. This method successfully removed the neomycin cassette in 81.9% of injected in vitro derived embryos; which was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.0001). Embryo transfer resulted in the birth of one live piglet with a Cre deleted neomycin cassette. The new method described can be used to efficiently remove selectable markers in genetically engineered animals without the need for long term cell culture and subsequent somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Whitworth
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Raissa Cecil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Joshua A Benne
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bethany K Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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18
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Jung SH, Hwang JH, Kim SE, Young Kyu K, Park HC, Lee HT. The potentiating effect of hTFPI in the presence of hCD47 reduces the cytotoxicity of human macrophages. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28393401 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pig-to-human xenotransplantation, hyperacute rejection of pig organs could be overcome by the production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs. However, macrophage-mediated acute rejection is another obstacle that needs to be overcome. Among the various candidate genes involved in acute rejection, CD47 inhibits monocyte/macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by identifying the CD47 signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP-α) as self/non-self. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is involved in the regulation of the coagulation pathway and is able to bind to another ligand of CD47, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). When TSP-1 binds to CD47, phagocytosis in macrophages is increased. METHODS The 2A peptide system was used to establish pig kidney cells (PK15) simultaneously expressing human CD47 and human TFPI, and they were cultured with activated THP-1 cells. After staining with 7-aminoactinomycin D, flow cytometry analysis was carried out. TFPI siRNA analysis and recombinant human TFPI (rhTFPI) treatment were performed to determine the potentiating effect of TFPI on pig cells for activated THP-1 cells in the presence of CD47. Related inflammatory cytokines produced by activated THP-1 cells were analyzed using qPCR and Western blot technique. In addition, the tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells was analyzed using immunoprecipitation and Western blot. RESULTS hCD47/hTFPI-PK15 cells survived better than hCD47-PK15, hTFPI-PK15, or normal PK15 cells on cytotoxicity tests using activated THP-1 cells. TSP-1, derived from these activated THP-1 cells, served as a mediator for this enhancing effect, and it also played a role in activated adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tyrosine phosphorylation level of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells was further increased in the case of co-expression of CD47/TFPI than in individual non-expression or expression of CD47 or TFPI alone. CONCLUSIONS When hCD47 was expressed, the expression of hTFPI leaded to tyrosine phosphorylation of SIRP-α in activated THP-1 cells via hTSP-1 inhibition, and consequently, it might improve the effect of hCD47-SIRP-a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kim Young Kyu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Chang Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Abstract
The transgenic process allows for obtaining genetically modified animals for divers biomedical applications. A number of transgenic animals for xenotransplantation have been generated with the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method. Thereby, efficient nucleic acid delivery to donor cells such as fibroblasts is of particular importance. The objective of this study was to establish stable transgene expressing porcine fetal fibroblast cell lines using magnetic nanoparticle-based gene delivery vectors under a gradient magnetic field. Magnetic transfection complexes prepared by self-assembly of suitable magnetic nanoparticles, plasmid DNA, and an enhancer under an inhomogeneous magnetic field enabled the rapid and efficient delivery of a gene construct (pCD59-GFPBsd) into porcine fetal fibroblasts. The applied vector dose was magnetically sedimented on the cell surface within 30 min as visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The PCR and RT-PCR analysis confirmed not only the presence but also the expression of transgene in all magnetofected transgenic fibroblast cell lines which survived antibiotic selection. The cells were characterized by high survival rates and proliferative activities as well as correct chromosome number. The developed nanomagnetic gene delivery formulation proved to be an effective tool for the production of genetically engineered fibroblasts and may be used in future in SCNT techniques for breeding new transgenic animals for the purpose of xenotransplantation.
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20
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Whitworth KM, Mao J, Lee K, Spollen WG, Samuel MS, Walters EM, Spate LD, Prather RS. Transcriptome Analysis of Pig In Vivo, In Vitro-Fertilized, and Nuclear Transfer Blastocyst-Stage Embryos Treated with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Postfusion and Activation Reveals Changes in the Lysosomal Pathway. Cell Reprogram 2016; 17:243-58. [PMID: 26731590 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs are commonly created via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Treatment of reconstructed embryos with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) immediately after activation improves cloning efficiency. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the transcriptome of SCNT embryos treated with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), 4-iodo-SAHA (ISAHA), or Scriptaid as compared to untreated SCNT, in vitro-fertilized (IVF), and in vivo (IVV) blastocyst-stage embryos. SAHA (10 μM) had the highest level of blastocyst development at 43.9%, and all treatments except 10 μM ISAHA had the same percentage of blastocyst development as Scriptaid (p<0.05). Two treatments, 1.0 μM ISAHA and 1.0 μM SAHA, had higher mean cell number than No HDACi treatment (p<0.021). Embryo transfers performed with 10 μM SAHA- and 1 μM ISAHA-treated embryos resulted in the birth of healthy piglets. GenBank accession numbers from up- and downregulated transcripts were loaded into the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to identify enriched biological themes. HDACi treatment yielded the highest enrichment for transcripts within the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway, lysosome. The mean intensity of LysoTracker was lower in IVV embryos compared to IVF and SCNT embryos (p<0.0001). SAHA and ISAHA can successfully be used to create healthy piglets from SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Whitworth
- 1 Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Research and Resource Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Jiude Mao
- 1 Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Research and Resource Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Kiho Lee
- 2 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA, 24061
| | - William G Spollen
- 3 Informatics Research Core Facility, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- 1 Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Research and Resource Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Eric M Walters
- 1 Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Research and Resource Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Lee D Spate
- 1 Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Research and Resource Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Randall S Prather
- 1 Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Research and Resource Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, 65211
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21
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Wengerter BC, Emre G, Park JY, Geibel J. Three-dimensional Printing in the Intestine. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:1081-5. [PMID: 27189913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation remains a life-saving option for patients with severe intestinal failure. With the advent of advanced tissue engineering techniques, great strides have been made toward manufacturing replacement tissues and organs, including the intestine, which aim to avoid transplant-related complications. The current paradigm is to seed a biocompatible support material (scaffold) with a desired cell population to generate viable replacement tissue. Although this technique has now been extended by the three-dimensional (3D) printing of geometrically complex scaffolds, the overall approach is hindered by relatively slow turnover and negative effects of residual scaffold material, which affects final clinical outcome. Methods recently developed for scaffold-free 3D bioprinting may overcome such obstacles and should allow for rapid manufacture and deployment of "bioprinted organs." Much work remains before 3D bioprinted tissues can enter clinical use. In this brief review we examine the present state and future perspectives of this nascent technology before full clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Wengerter
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gulus Emre
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jea Young Park
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Geibel
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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22
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Ríos A, López-Navas AI, Martínez-Alarcón L, Ramis G, Hernández AM, Ayala MA, Garrido G, Ramírez P, Parrilla P. Acceptance of organ xenotransplantation among Latin American immigrants resident in the United States. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:269-78. [PMID: 27422340 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making xenotransplantation socially acceptable is the first step in working toward the promotion of this potential therapy option for providing transplant organs. OBJECTIVE To analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation among the Latin American population resident in Florida (the USA), and to determine the variables affecting this attitude. METHODS A sample of Latin American residents in the state of Florida was randomized and stratified according to nationality, age, and sex (n = 1524). Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire (PCID-XenoTx Rios) which was self-completed anonymously. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS descriptive analysis, Student's t-test, the chi-square test, and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The questionnaire completion rate was 95% (n = 1450). If it was assumed that xenotransplanted organs functioned as well as human ones, 10% (n = 147) would be in favor, 73% (n = 1092) against, and 17% (n = 246) undecided. If the results were worse, only 2% (n = 35) would be in favor. This favorable attitude was related to country of origin (Honduras and Guatemala; P < 0.001); age (P < 0.001); sex (women; P < 0.001); marital status (married; P < 0.001); descendents (yes; P < 0.001); level of formal education (secondary education and university; P < 0.001); participation in voluntary prosocial activities (yes; P < 0.001); having spoken about donation and transplantation within the family (yes; P < 0.001); a partner's favorable attitude toward transplantation (P = 0.040); religion (catholic; P < 0.001); knowing the attitude of one's religion toward donation (yes; P < 0.001); previous experience of donation and/or transplantation (yes; P < 0.001); a belief that one might need a transplant in the future (yes; P < 0.001); and a favorable attitude toward human donation (yes; P < 0.001). The following were associated with attitude in the multivariate analysis: age (≥40 yrs; OR = 1.152); marital status (married; OR = 500); prosocial activities (yes, I participate in them; OR = 9.196. No, but I would like to; OR = 332.538); religion (catholic; OR = 2000); attitude toward deceased organ donation (in favor; OR = 2000); and previous experience of donation and/or transplantation (yes; OR = 500). CONCLUSIONS The attitude of Latin Americans resident in Florida toward xenotransplantation is very negative, and is determined by many psychosocial factors, mainly related to their prior attitude toward the different kinds of human organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ríos
- International Collaborative Donor Project ("Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante"), Murcia, Spain.,Regional Transplant Center, Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Surgery Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB), Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel López-Navas
- International Collaborative Donor Project ("Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante"), Murcia, Spain.,Regional Transplant Center, Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Psychology, UCAM, San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Alarcón
- International Collaborative Donor Project ("Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante"), Murcia, Spain.,Regional Transplant Center, Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain.,Surgery Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB), Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Miguel Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Unidad de Docencia y Formación Continuada, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marco Antonio Ayala
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.,HGSZ No 10 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegación Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Ramírez
- Regional Transplant Center, Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Surgery Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB), Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pascual Parrilla
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Surgery Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB), Murcia Health Service, Murcia, Spain
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Jiao ZX, Leng Y, Xia JJ, Wu HQ, Jin N, Fu JZ, Cheng LN, Wang JH, Ni SB, Qi ZQ. As2O3combined with leflunomide prolongs heart xenograft survival via suppressing the response of Th1, Th2, and B cells in a rat model. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:237-48. [PMID: 27188662 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Jiao
- The Second Department of Urinary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yun Leng
- Organ Transplantation Institute; Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Jun-Jie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute; Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Hai-Qiao Wu
- Chenggong Hospital and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Ning Jin
- Organ Transplantation Institute; Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Jia-Zhao Fu
- Organ Transplantation Institute; Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Lian-Na Cheng
- Organ Transplantation Institute; Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Shao-Bin Ni
- The Second Department of Urinary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- The Second Department of Urinary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin City Heilongjiang Province China
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24
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Kourtzelis I, Magnusson PU, Kotlabova K, Lambris JD, Chavakis T. Regulation of Instant Blood Mediated Inflammatory Reaction (IBMIR) in Pancreatic Islet Xeno-Transplantation: Points for Therapeutic Interventions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 865:171-88. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18603-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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