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Varona M, Dobson DP, Napolitano JG, Thomas R, Ochoa JL, Russell DJ, Crittenden CM. High Resolution Ion Mobility Enables the Structural Characterization of Atropisomers of GDC-6036, a KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39051157 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
GDC-6036 is a covalent KRAS G12C inhibitor that demonstrates high potency and selectivity. Structurally, GDC-6036 consists of several motifs that make the analytical characterization of this molecule challenging, including a highly basic pyrrolidine motif bonded to a quinazoline ring via an ether bond and an atropisomeric carbon-carbon bond between functionalized pyridine and quinazoline groups. Structurally, the desired atropisomer was synthesized via an atroposelective Negishi coupling with very high yield. However, having a direct way to analyze and confirm the presence of the atropisomeric species remained challenging in routine analytical workflows. In this study, both variable temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR) and two different approaches of in-line ion mobility coupled to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflows were evaluated for the characterization of GDC-6036 and its undesired atropisomer (Compound B) to support synthetic route development. Briefly, both VT-NMR and traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) enabled by structures for lossless ion manipulation (SLIM) technology coupled to high resolution MS (HRMS) are able to elucidate the structures of the atropisomers in a complex mixture. Drift tube IMS (DTIMS) was also evaluated, but lacked the resolving power to demonstrate separation between the two species in a mixture, but did show slight differences in their arrival times when multiplexed and injected separately. The determined resolving power (Rp) by multiplexing the ions via DTIMS was 67.3 and 60.5 for GDC-6036 and Compound B, respectively, while the two peak resolving power (Rpp) was determined to be 0.41, indicating inadequate resolution between the two species. Alternatively, the SLIM-IM studies showed Rp of 103.8 and 99.4, with a Rpp of 2.64, indicating good separation between the atropisomers. Furthermore, the CCS/z for GDC-6036 and Compound B was determined to be 231.2 Å2/z and 235.0 Å2/z, respectively. Quantitative experiments demonstrate linearity (R2 >0.99) for both GDC-6036 and Compound B while maintaining separation via SLIM-IM. Spike recoveries of one atropisomer relative to the other yielded strong recoveries (98.7% to 102.5%) while maintaining reproducibility (<7% RSD). The study herein describes the analytical process for evaluating new technologies and strategies for implementation in routine biopharmaceutical characterization workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Varona
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel P Dobson
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - José G Napolitano
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rekha Thomas
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jessica L Ochoa
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David J Russell
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher M Crittenden
- Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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2
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Höving S, Schomacher J, Schiller A, Franzke J. Setting the Separation Factor α for Ketone Monomers and Dimers by the Use of Different Drift Gases. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1622-1628. [PMID: 38866725 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of different drift gases on ion mobility in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) using ketones as model substances within a custom-built drift tube spectrometer. Different binary mixtures of nitrogen, helium, and argon were used as drift gases to investigate the influence of mobility on the monomers and dimers of the different ketones. Experimental results reveal shifts in ion drift times and separation factors (α) with varying gas compositions, in accordance with Blanc's Law. Furthermore, the study underscores the device-independent nature of α and the device-dependent resolution, emphasizing the importance of comparative analyses. Employing 2-hexanone and 2-decanone in the same sample but with different drift gases is used to show the impact of different drift gases. By changing the drift gas composition, total alignment of drift times and therefore no possible resolution or baseline resolution could be achieved. Through different experiments and analyses, this research provides insights into the interactions between gas composition and ion mobility, offering implications for diverse analytical applications from environmental monitoring to chemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Höving
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jos Schomacher
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arthur Schiller
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Chung NA, May JC, Robinson RAS, McLean JA. Solvent Composition Can Have a Measurable Influence on the Ion Mobility-Derived Collision Cross Section of Small Molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:234-243. [PMID: 38082535 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) is an important analytical technique for increasing identification coverage of metabolites in untargeted studies, especially when integrated into traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry workflows. While there has been extensive work surrounding best practices to obtain and standardize collision cross section (CCS) measurements necessary for comparing across different IM techniques and laboratories, there has been little investigation into experimental factors beyond the mobility separation region that could potentially influence CCS measurements. The first-principles derived CCS of 15 chemical standards were evaluated across 27 aqueous:organic solvent compositions using a high-precision drift tube instrument. A small but measurable dependency of the CCS on the solvent composition was observed, with the larger analytes from this study (m/z > 400) exhibiting a characteristic increase in CCS at the intermediate (40-60%) solvent compositions. Parallels to the behavior of solvent viscosity and protonation site tautomers (protomers) were noted, although the origin of these solvent-dependent CCS trends is as yet unclear. Taken together, these findings document a solvent dependency on CCS, which, while minor (<0.5%), identifies an important need for reporting the solvent system when utilizing CCS in comparative ion mobility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjali A Chung
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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4
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Lanshoeft C, Schütz R, Lozac'h F, Schlotterbeck G, Walles M. Potential of measured relative shifts in collision cross section values for biotransformation studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:559-568. [PMID: 38040943 PMCID: PMC10761390 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) separates gas phase ions due to differences in drift time from which reproducible and analyte-specific collision cross section (CCS) values can be derived. Internally conducted in vitro and in vivo metabolism (biotransformation) studies indicated repetitive shifts in measured CCS values (CCSmeas) between parent drugs and their metabolites. Hence, the purpose of the present article was (i) to investigate if such relative shifts in CCSmeas were biotransformation-specific and (ii) to highlight their potential benefits for biotransformation studies. First, mean CCSmeas values of 165 compounds were determined (up to n = 3) using a travelling wave IMS-MS device with nitrogen as drift gas (TWCCSN2, meas). Further comparison with their predicted values (TWCCSN2, pred, Waters CCSonDemand) resulted in a mean absolute error of 5.1%. Second, a reduced data set (n = 139) was utilized to create compound pairs (n = 86) covering eight common types of phase I and II biotransformations. Constant, discriminative, and almost non-overlapping relative shifts in mean TWCCSN2, meas were obtained for demethylation (- 6.5 ± 2.1 Å2), oxygenation (hydroxylation + 3.8 ± 1.4 Å2, N-oxidation + 3.4 ± 3.3 Å2), acetylation (+ 13.5 ± 1.9 Å2), sulfation (+ 17.9 ± 4.4 Å2), glucuronidation (N-linked: + 41.7 ± 7.5 Å2, O-linked: + 38.1 ± 8.9 Å2), and glutathione conjugation (+ 49.2 ± 13.2 Å2). Consequently, we propose to consider such relative shifts in TWCCSN2, meas (rather than absolute values) as well for metabolite assignment/confirmation complementing the conventional approach to associate changes in mass-to-charge (m/z) values between a parent drug and its metabolite(s). Moreover, the comparison of relative shifts in TWCCSN2, meas significantly simplifies the mapping of metabolites into metabolic pathways as demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lanshoeft
- Biomedical Research, PK Sciences, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 14 (Novartis Campus), 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Raphael Schütz
- School of Life Sciences FHNW, Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Lozac'h
- Biomedical Research, PK Sciences, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 14 (Novartis Campus), 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Götz Schlotterbeck
- School of Life Sciences FHNW, Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Walles
- Biomedical Research, PK Sciences, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 14 (Novartis Campus), 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Thoben C, Schlottmann F, Kobelt T, Nitschke A, Gloeden GL, Naylor CN, Kirk AT, Zimmermann S. Ultra-Fast Ion Mobility Spectrometer for High-Throughput Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17073-17081. [PMID: 37953497 PMCID: PMC10666085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast chromatography systems especially developed for high sample throughput applications require sensitive detectors with a high repetition rate. These high throughput techniques, including various chip-based microfluidic designs, often benefit from detectors providing subsequent separation in another dimension, such as mass spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), giving additional information about the analytes or monitoring reaction kinetics. However, subsequent separation is required at a high repetition rate. Here, we therefore present an ultra-fast drift tube IMS operating at ambient pressure. Short drift times while maintaining high resolving power are reached by several key instrumental design features: short length of the drift tube, resistor network of the drift tube, tristate ion shutter, and improved data acquisition electronics. With these design improvements, even slow ions with a reduced mobility of just 0.94 cm2/(V s) have a drift time below 1.6 ms. Such short drift times allow for a significantly increased repetition rate of 600 Hz compared with previously reported values. To further reduce drift times and thus increase the repetition rate, helium can be used as the drift gas, which allows repetition rates of up to 2 kHz. Finally, these significant improvements enable IMS to be used as a detector following ultra-fast separation including chip-based chromatographic systems or droplet microfluidic applications requiring high repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Thoben
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Schlottmann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Kobelt
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Nitschke
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gian-Luca Gloeden
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cameron N. Naylor
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar T. Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering
and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement
Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Kemperman RHJ, Chouinard CD, Yost RA. Characterization of Bile Acid Isomers and the Implementation of High-Resolution Demultiplexing with Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37319333 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a complex suite of clinically relevant metabolites that include many isomers. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an increasingly popular technique due to its high specificity and sensitivity; nonetheless, acquisition times are generally 10-20 min, and isomers are not always resolved. In this study, the application of ion mobility (IM) spectrometry coupled to MS was investigated to separate, characterize, and measure BAs. A subset of 16 BAs was studied, including three groups of isomers belonging to unconjugated, glycine-conjugated, and taurine-conjugated BA classes. A variety of strategies were explored to increase BA isomer separation such as changing the drift gas, measuring different ionic species (i.e., multimers and cationized species), and enhancing the instrumental resolving power. In general, Ar, N2, and CO2 provided the best peak shape, resolving power (Rp), and separation, especially CO2; He and SF6 were less preferable. Furthermore, measuring dimers versus monomers improved isomer separation due to enhanced gas-phase structural differences. A variety of cation adducts other than sodium were characterized. Mobility arrival times and isomer separation were affected by the choice of adduct, which was shown to be used to target certain BAs. Finally, a novel workflow that involves high-resolution demultiplexing in combination with dipivaloylmethane ion-neutral clusters was implemented to improve Rp dramatically. A maximum Rp increase was observed with lower IM field strengths to obtain longer drift times, increasing Rp from 52 to 187. A combination of these separation enhancement strategies demonstrates great potential for rapid BA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H J Kemperman
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - Richard A Yost
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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7
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Cajahuaringa S, Caetano DLZ, Zanotto LN, Araujo G, Skaf MS. MassCCS: A High-Performance Collision Cross-Section Software for Large Macromolecular Assemblies. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:3557-3566. [PMID: 37184925 PMCID: PMC10269586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) techniques have become highly valued as a tool for structural characterization of biomolecular systems since they yield accurate measurements of the rotationally averaged collision cross-section (CCS) against a buffer gas. Despite its enormous potential, IM-MS data interpretation is often challenging due to the conformational isomerism of metabolites, lipids, proteins, and other biomolecules in the gas phase. Therefore, reliable and fast CCS calculations are needed to help interpret IM-MS data. In this work, we present MassCCS, a parallelized open-source code for computing CCS of molecules ranging from small organic compounds to massive protein assemblies at the trajectory method level of description using atomic and molecular buffer gas particles. The performance of the code is comparable to other available software for small molecules and proteins but is significantly faster for larger macromolecular assemblies. We performed extensive tests regarding accuracy, performance, and scalability with system size and number of CPU cores. MassCCS has proven highly accurate and efficient, with execution times under a few minutes, even for large (84.87 MDa) virus capsid assemblies with very modest computational resources. MassCCS is freely available at https://github.com/cces-cepid/massccs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cajahuaringa
- Institute
of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
- Center
for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Daniel L. Z. Caetano
- Center
for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro N. Zanotto
- Institute
of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
- Center
for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Guido Araujo
- Institute
of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
- Center
for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Center
for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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8
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Zlibut E, May JC, Wei Y, Gessmann D, Wood CS, Bernat BA, Pugh TE, Palmer-Jones L, Cosquer RP, Dybeck E, McLean JA. Noncovalent Host-Guest Complexes of Artemisinin with α-, β-, and γ- Cyclodextrin Examined by Structural Mass Spectrometry Strategies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8180-8188. [PMID: 37184072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of macrocyclic oligosaccharides with amphiphilic properties, which can improve the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. There has been growing interest in the advancement of efficient and reliable analytical methods that assist with elucidating CD host-guest drug complexation. In this study, we investigate the noncovalent ion complexes formed between naturally occurring dextrins (αCD, βCD, γCD, and maltohexaose) with the poorly water-soluble antimalarial drug, artemisinin, using a combination of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), tandem MS/MS, and theoretical modeling approaches. This study aims to determine if the drug can complex within the core dextrin cavity forming an inclusion complex or nonspecifically bind to the periphery of the dextrins. We explore the use of group I alkali earth metal additives to promote the formation of various noncovalent gas-phase ion complexes with different drug/dextrin stoichiometries (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 2:1). Broad IM-MS collision cross section (CCS) mapping (n > 300) and power-law regression analysis were used to confirm the stoichiometric assignments. The 1:1 drug:αCD and drug:βCD complexes exhibited strong preferences for Li+ and Na+ charge carriers, whereas drug:γCD complexes preferred forming adducts with the larger alkali metals, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. Although the ion-measured CCS increased with cation size for the unbound artemisinin and CDs, the 1:1 drug:dextrin complexes exhibit near-identical CCS values regardless of the cation, suggesting these are inclusion complexes. Tandem MS/MS survival yield curves of the [artemisinin:βCD + X]+ ion (X = H, Li, Na, K) showed a decreased stability of the ion complex with increasing cation size. Empirical CCS measurements of the [artemisinin:βCD + Li]+ ion correlated with predicted CCS values from the low-energy theoretical structures of the drug incorporated within the βCD cavity, providing further evidence that gas-phase inclusion complexes are formed in these experiments. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of combining analytical information from IM-MS, MS/MS, and computational approaches in interpreting the presence of gas-phase inclusion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Zlibut
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Yansheng Wei
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Dennis Gessmann
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Constance S Wood
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Bryan A Bernat
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Teresa E Pugh
- Pfizer, R&D UK Ltd, PSSM ARD, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | | | | | - Eric Dybeck
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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9
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Deslignière E, Ollivier S, Beck A, Ropartz D, Rogniaux H, Cianférani S. Benefits and Limitations of High-Resolution Cyclic IM-MS for Conformational Characterization of Native Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4162-4171. [PMID: 36780376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently represent the main class of therapeutic proteins. mAbs approved by regulatory agencies are selected from IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses, which possess different interchain disulfide connectivities. Ion mobility coupled to native mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has emerged as a valuable approach to tackle the challenging characterization of mAbs' higher order structures. However, due to the limited resolution of first-generation IM-MS instruments, subtle conformational differences on large proteins have long been hard to capture. Recent technological developments have aimed at increasing available IM resolving powers and acquisition mode capabilities, namely, through the release of high-resolution IM-MS (HR-IM-MS) instruments, like cyclic IM-MS (cIM-MS). Here, we outline the advantages and drawbacks of cIM-MS for better conformational characterization of intact mAbs (∼150 kDa) in native conditions compared to first-generation instruments. We first assessed the extent to which multipass cIM-MS experiments could improve the separation of mAbs' conformers. These initial results evidenced some limitations of HR-IM-MS for large native biomolecules which possess rich conformational landscapes that remain challenging to decipher even with higher IM resolving powers. Conversely, for collision-induced unfolding (CIU) approaches, higher resolution proved to be particularly useful (i) to reveal new unfolding states and (ii) to enhance the separation of coexisting activated states, thus allowing one to apprehend gas-phase CIU behaviors of mAbs directly at the intact level. Altogether, this study offers a first panoramic overview of the capabilities of cIM-MS for therapeutic mAbs, paving the way for more widespread HR-IM-MS/CIU characterization of mAb-derived formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evolène Deslignière
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Simon Ollivier
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France.,PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois 74160, France
| | - David Ropartz
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France.,PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France.,PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes F-44316, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67087, France
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10
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Paglia G, Smith AJ, Astarita G. Ion mobility mass spectrometry in the omics era: Challenges and opportunities for metabolomics and lipidomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:722-765. [PMID: 33522625 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Researchers worldwide are taking advantage of novel, commercially available, technologies, such as ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), for metabolomics and lipidomics applications in a variety of fields including life, biomedical, and food sciences. IM-MS provides three main technical advantages over traditional LC-MS workflows. Firstly, in addition to mass, IM-MS allows collision cross-section values to be measured for metabolites and lipids, a physicochemical identifier related to the chemical shape of an analyte that increases the confidence of identification. Second, IM-MS increases peak capacity and the signal-to-noise, improving fingerprinting as well as quantification, and better defining the spatial localization of metabolites and lipids in biological and food samples. Third, IM-MS can be coupled with various fragmentation modes, adding new tools to improve structural characterization and molecular annotation. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in IM-MS technologies and approaches utilized to support metabolomics and lipidomics applications and we assess the challenges and opportunities in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paglia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Andrew J Smith
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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11
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te Brinke E, Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Blokland MH. Insights of ion mobility spectrometry and its application on food safety and authenticity: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:340039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Oluwatoba DS, Islam MF, Som B, Sindt AJ, Smith MD, Shimizu LS, Do TD. Evaluating the Effects of Metal Adduction and Charge Isomerism on Ion-Mobility Measurements using m-Xylene Macrocycles as Models. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:840-850. [PMID: 35471025 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion-mobility spectrometry provides a unique platform to study the effect of mobile charge(s) or charge location on collisional cross section and ion separation. Here, we evaluate the effects of cation/anion adduction in a series of xylene and pyridyl macrocycles that contain ureas and thioureas. We explore how zinc binding led to unexpected deprotonation of the thiourea macrocyclic host in positive polarity ionization and subsequently how charge isomerism due to cation (zinc metal) and anion (chloride counterion) adduction or proton competition among acceptors can affect the measured collisional cross sections in helium and nitrogen buffer gases. Our approach uses synthetic chemistry to design macrocycle targets and a combination of ion-mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry experiments and quantum mechanics calculations to characterize their structural properties. We demonstrate that charge isomerism significantly improves ion-mobility resolution and allows for determination of the metal binding mechanism in metal-inclusion macrocyclic complexes. Additionally, charge isomers can be populated in molecules where individual protons are shared between acceptors. In these cases, interactions via drift gas collisions magnify the conformational differences. Finally, for the macrocyclic systems we report here, charge isomers are observed in both helium and nitrogen drift gases with similar resolution. The separation factor does not simply increase with increasing drift gas polarizability. Our study sheds light on important properties of charge isomerism and offers strategies to take advantage of this phenomenon in analytical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola S Oluwatoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Md Faizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Bozumeh Som
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ammon J Sindt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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13
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Neal SP, Wilson KM, Velosa DC, Chouinard CD. “Targeted Glucocorticoid Analysis using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS)”. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 24:50-56. [PMID: 35469203 PMCID: PMC9034309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS) for glucocorticoids. Determination of collision cross sections (CCS) for isomers. Different cation adducts shifted mobility and improved IM separation. Changing drift gas (He, Ar, CO2) shifted mobility and improved resolution.
Introduction Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is an emerging technique in the -omics fields that has broad potential applicability to the clinical lab. As a rapid, gas-phase structure-based separation technique, IM-MS offers promise in isomer separations and can be easily combined with existing LC-MS methods (i.e., LC-IM-MS). Several experimental conditions, including analyte cation adducts and drift composition further provide a means to tune separations for global and/or targeted applications. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of IM-MS under a range of experimental conditions for detection of glucocorticoids, and specifically for the separation of several isomeric pairs. Methods LC-IM-MS was used to characterize 16 glucocorticoids including three isomer pairs: cortisone/prednisolone, betamethasone/dexamethasone, and flunisolide/triamcinolone acetonide. Collision cross section (CCS) values were measured for all common adducts (e.g., protonated and sodiated) using both step-field and single-field methods. Alternative alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals were introduced, such that their adducts could also be measured. Finally, four different drift gases (helium, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide) were compared for their relative separation capability. Results LC-IM-MS offered a robust, multidimensional separation technique that allowed for the 16 glucocorticoids to be analyzed and separated in three-dimensions (retention time, CCS, and m/z). Despite the relatively modest resolution of isomer pairs under standard conditions (i.e., nitrogen drift gas, sodiated ions, etc.), improvements were observed for alkaline earth and transition metals (notable barium adducts) and in carbon dioxide drift gas. Conclusion In summary, LC-IM-MS offers potential as a clinical method due to its ease of coupling with traditional LC-MS methods and its promise for tuning separations to better resolve targeted and/or global isomers in complex biological samples.
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Masike K, de Villiers A, de Beer D, Joubert E, Stander MA. Application of direct injection-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DI-IMS-MS) for the analysis of phenolics in honeybush and rooibos tea samples. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Edwards AN, Tran HM, Gallagher ES. Propagating Error through Traveling-Wave Ion Mobility Calibration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2621-2630. [PMID: 34662111 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (MS) is used to elucidate the stoichiometry of protein complexes and quantify binding interactions by maintaining native-like, noncovalent interactions in the gas phase. However, ionization forces proteins into specific conformations, losing the solution-phase dynamics associated with solvated protein structures. Comparison of gas-phase structures to those in solution, or to other gas-phase ion populations, has many biological implications. For one, analyzing the variety of conformations that are maintained in the gas-phase can provide insight into a protein's solution-phase energy landscape. The gas-phase conformations of proteins and complexes can be investigated using ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. Specifically, drift tube (DT)-IM utilizes uniform electric fields to propel a population of gas-phase ions through a region containing a neutral gas. By measuring the mobility (K) of gas-phase ions, users are able to calculate an average momentum transfer cross section (DTCCS), which provides structural information on the ion. Conversely, in traveling-wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS), TWCCS values cannot be derived directly from an ion's mobility but must be determined following calibration. Though the required calibration adds uncertainty, it is common to report only an average and standard deviation of the calculated TWCCS, accounting for uncertainty associated with replicate measurements, which is a fraction of the overall uncertainty. Herein, we calibrate a TWIMS instrument and derive TWCCSN2 and TWCCSN2→He values for four proteins: cytochrome c, ubiquitin, apo-myoglobin, and holo-myoglobin. We show that compared to reporting only the standard deviation of TWCCS, propagating error through the calibration results in a significant increase in the number of calculated TWCCS values that agree within experimental error with literature values (DTCCS). Incorporating this additional uncertainty provides a more thorough assessment of a protein ion's gas-phase conformations, enabling the structures sampled by native IM-MS to be compared against other reported structures, both experimental and computational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Hien M Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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Williamson DL, Bergman AE, Nagy G. Investigating the Structure of α/β Carbohydrate Linkage Isomers as a Function of Group I Metal Adduction and Degree of Polymerization as Revealed by Cyclic Ion Mobility Separations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2573-2582. [PMID: 34464117 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS)-based separations individual, pure, oligosaccharide species often produce multiple IMS peaks presumably from their α/β anomers, cation attachment site conformations, and/or other energetically favorable structures. Herein, the use of high-resolution traveling wave-based cyclic IMS-MS to systematically investigate the origin of these multiple peaks by analyzing α1,4- and β1,4-linked d-glucose homopolymers as a function of their group I metal adducts is presented. Across varying degrees of polymerization, and for certain metal adducts, at least two major IMS peaks with relative areas that matched the ∼40:60 ratio for the α/β anomers of a reducing-end d-glucose as previously calculated by NMR were observed. To further validate that these were indeed the α/β anomers, rather than other substructures, the reduced versions of several maltooligosaccharides were analyzed and all produced a single IMS peak. This result enabled the discovery of a mobility fingerprint trend: the β anomer was always higher mobility than the α anomer for the cellooligosaccharides, while the α anomer was always higher mobility than the β anomer for the maltooligosaccharides. For maltohexaose, a spurious, high mobility, fourth peak was present. This was hypothesized to potentially be from a highly compacted conformation. To investigate this, α-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharide, produced similar arrival times as the high mobility maltohexaose peak. It is anticipated that these findings will aid in the data deconvolution of IMS-MS-based glycomics workflows and enable the improved characterization of biologically relevant carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Addison E Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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17
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Ivashchenko DA, Cerqueira NM, Magalhães AL. Improving computational modeling coupled with ion mobility-mass spectrometry data for efficient drug metabolite structural determination. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Naylor CN, Reinecke T, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Clowers BH. Implications of Blanc's Law for Use in Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2241-2250. [PMID: 34279925 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Blanc's Law has served as a way to predict the mobilities of ions in mixed drift gases for over 100 years yet has remained largely unexplored using newer ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) configurations, including traveling wave and trapped IMS (TIMS) systems. Here, we evaluate a drift-tube IMS (DTIMS) and compare it to a similar set of experiments performed in TIMS. We found that Blanc's Law can be applied in a DTIMS to determine the mobility of an analyte in the minor gas component of a ternary mixed drift gas system within 2% error. Additionally, the calibration procedure for TIMS to convert elution voltages into a mobility value corrects for significant deviations (>4%) from Blanc's Law in the elution voltage domain. For the range of gas identities probed in this effort, up to an 11% error in calibrated mobilities was observed when using a gas mixture in the TIMS that differed from the gas used for the reference mobility. However, when the gas mixture within the TIMS was the same as the respective calibrant mobilities, calibration errors within the TIMS were as low as 0.01%. Interestingly, when probing the behavior of ions with argon-containing mixtures within the TIMS, the current accepted paradigm of elution voltage being proportional to inverse mobilities in TIMS calibrations procedures was shown to deviate substantially from the trends observed with DTIMS measurements. With this initial effort, foundations for future mixed drift gas measurements in TIMS are set for expanded analyte classes and larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Tobias Reinecke
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Mark E Ridgeway
- Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Melvin A Park
- Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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19
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirk AT, von Helden G, Causon TJ, Pagel K. Plate-height model of ion mobility-mass spectrometry: Part 2-Peak-to-peak resolution and peak capacity. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2798-2813. [PMID: 33945207 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work, we explored zone broadening and the achievable plate numbers in linear drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry through developing a plate-height model [1]. On the basis of these findings, the present theoretical study extends the model by exploring peak-to-peak resolution and peak capacity in ion mobility separations. The first part provides a critical overview of chromatography-influenced resolution equations, including refinement of existing formulae. Furthermore, we present exact resolution equations for drift tube ion mobility spectrometry based on first principles. Upon implementing simple modifications, these exact formulae could be readily extended to traveling wave ion mobility separations and to cases when ion mobility spectrometry is coupled to mass spectrometry. The second part focuses on peak capacity. The well-known assumptions of constant plate number and constant peak width form the basis of existing approximate solutions. To overcome their limitations, an exact peak capacity equation is derived for drift tube ion mobility spectrometry. This exact solution is rooted in a suitable physical model of peak broadening, accounting for the finite injection pulse and subsequent diffusional spreading. By borrowing concepts from the theoretical toolbox of chromatography, we believe that the present study will help in integrating ion mobility spectrometry into the unified language of separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar T Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Causon
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Naylor CN, Clowers BH. Reevaluating the Role of Polarizability in Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:618-627. [PMID: 33533630 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the expanding commercial availability of gas-phase separation systems that incorporate gas-phase mobility, there is a concurrent rise in efforts to cast the gas-phase mobility coefficient in terms of an ion-neutral collision cross-section (CCS). The motivating factors for this trend are varied, but many aim to complement experimental results with computationally generated CCS values from in silico structural approximations. Unfortunately, the current paradigm for relating experimental mobility results to computationally derived structures relies upon empirical approaches, including a myriad of variables that do not realistically bound the comparison. In this Critical Insight, we advocate for the development of a self-consistent experimental and computational framework that uses laboratory results to constrain the scope of the modeling effort. This paper aims to prompt discussion, challenge assumptions, and promote the development of more efficient, accurate computational techniques within the gas-phase ion measurement community. Specifically, we postulate whether experimental deviations from Langevin's polarization limit (Kpol) are suitable to estimate the relative contributions of hard-sphere collisions and long-range interactions within CCS values. Not surprisingly, different molecule classes exhibit different trends in the K/Kpol ratio when normalized for reduced mass, and the most common IMS calibrants (e.g., tune mix, polyalanine, tetraalkylammonium salts) follow different polarizability trends than many of the analytes probed in the literature. Succinctly, if gas-phase ion structure is largely invariant based upon the colliding neutral and newly developed experimental efforts can quantitatively capture ion polarizability, then modeling efforts describing a target analyte must be self-consistent as the collision neutral is changed in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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21
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Masike K, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Recent applications of ion mobility spectrometry in natural product research. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 195:113846. [PMID: 33422832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid separation technique capable of extracting complementary structural information to chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS). IMS, especially in combination with MS, has experienced inordinate growth in recent years as an analytical technique, and elicited intense interest in many research fields. In natural product analysis, IMS shows promise as an additional tool to enhance the performance of analytical methods used to identify promising drug candidates. Potential benefits of the incorporation of IMS into analytical workflows currently used in natural product analysis include the discrimination of structurally similar secondary metabolites, improving the quality of mass spectral data, and the use of mobility-derived collision cross-section (CCS) values as an additional identification criterion in targeted and untargeted analyses. This review aims to provide an overview of the application of IMS to natural product analysis over the last six years. Instrumental aspects and the fundamental background of IMS will be briefly covered, and recent applications of the technique for natural product analysis will be discussed to demonstrate the utility of the technique in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keabetswe Masike
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Maria A Stander
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Rose BS, Leaptrot KL, Harris RA, Sherrod SD, May JC, McLean JA. High Confidence Shotgun Lipidomics Using Structurally Selective Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2306:11-37. [PMID: 33954937 PMCID: PMC10127451 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) is a gas phase separation strategy that can either supplement or serve as a high-throughput alternative to liquid chromatography (LC) in shotgun lipidomics. Incorporating the IM dimension in untargeted lipidomics workflows can help resolve isomeric lipids, and the collision cross section (CCS) values obtained from the IM measurements can provide an additional molecular descriptor to increase lipid identification confidence. This chapter provides a broad overview of an untargeted ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) workflow using a commercial drift tube ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (IM-QTOF) for high confidence lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey S Rose
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katrina L Leaptrot
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel A Harris
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jody C May
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Causon TJ, Hann S. Uncertainty Estimations for Collision Cross Section Determination via Uniform Field Drift Tube-Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2102-2110. [PMID: 32812758 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Uniform field drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry (DTIM-MS) has emerged as a valuable tool for a range of analytical applications. In focus here are standardized collisional cross section values from DTIM-MS (DTCCS) as a candidate identification point for various analytical workflows. Of critical importance in establishing this parameter as a valid identification point is a rugged estimation of uncertainties according to the procedures used for their derivation. Relying on the assumption of the zero-field limit, the primary method of measurement for DTCCS values involves experimental determination of arrival times of an ion measured at several different field strengths transiting a drift tube filled with high purity drift gas, while a method using measurements of external calibrants at a single field strength is employed to allow for online measurements of transient signals (e.g., chromatographic peaks). Both approaches are here considered with respect to the uncertainty of input experimental variables (temperature, pressure, voltages, physical constants) and the steps of the calibration function employed. Estimations of uncertainty were performed according to EURACHEM with Monte Carlo simulations and reveal that existing consensus calibration standards from experimental stepped-field IM-MS determinations have estimated expanded uncertainties in the range of 2.7 to 4.6% (k = 2). Application of these standards for calibration considering these input uncertainties reveals uncertainty estimates of 4.7-9.1% (k = 2) for measured values using an established single-field calibration approach. Finally, directions for improving this situation via new experimental efforts toward standard reference and calibration materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Causon
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
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The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122369. [PMID: 33091675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.
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May JC, Knochenmuss R, Fjeldsted JC, McLean JA. Resolution of Isomeric Mixtures in Ion Mobility Using a Combined Demultiplexing and Peak Deconvolution Technique. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9482-9492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jody C. May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | | | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Achour B, Al-Majdoub ZM, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J. Mass Spectrometry of Human Transporters. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:223-247. [PMID: 32084322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091719-024553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transporters are key to understanding how an individual will respond to a particular dose of a drug. Two patients with similar systemic concentrations may have quite different local concentrations of a drug at the required site. The transporter profile of any individual depends upon a variety of genetic and environmental factors, including genotype, age, and diet status. Robust models (virtual patients) are therefore required and these models are data hungry. Necessary data include quantitative transporter profiles at the relevant organ. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is currently the most powerful method available for obtaining this information. Challenges include sourcing the tissue, isolating the hydrophobic membrane-embedded transporter proteins, preparing the samples for MS (including proteolytic digestion), choosing appropriate quantification methodology, and optimizing the LC-MS/MS conditions. Great progress has been made with all of these, especially within the last few years, and is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
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Calabrese V, Lavanant H, Rosu F, Gabelica V, Afonso C. Collision Cross Sections of Phosphoric Acid Cluster Anions in Helium Measured by Drift Tube Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:969-981. [PMID: 32153193 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has improved structural analysis and compound identification by giving access to the collision cross section (CCS). An increasingly wide and accurate database of CCS values is now available but often without assessment of the influence of different instrumental settings on CCS values. Here, we present 75 CCS values in helium (DTCCSHe) for phosphoric acid cluster anions [(H3PO4)n - zH]z- with charge state (z) up to 4-. The CCS values, noted DTCCSHe, were obtained with a commercial drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometer, in helium, by applying a classic multifield approach. Phosphoric acid clusters are fragile structures that allow to evaluate the effect of different experimental conditions on the retention of weak bonds and their effect on CCS values. We probed harsh and soft voltage gradients in the electrospray (ESI) source before the IMS and two different voltage gradients in the post-IMS region. The variations in the ion mobility and mass spectra consisted in a change in the distribution of the cluster anions aggregation numbers (n) and charge states (z), with a higher amount of multiply charged species for the soft pre-IMS voltage gradient and a lower proportion of cluster dissociation for soft post-IMS conditions. However, the CCS values did not change with experimental conditions for a given cluster, as long as it stays intact from the IMS to the mass analyzer. The DTCCSHe were found in good agreement among 3 to 10 replicated values, with a relative standard deviation between 0.1 and 1.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Calabrese
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Lavanant
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux and INSERM, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB, UMS3033, US001), 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM and CNRS, Laboratoire Acides Nucléiques: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle (ARNA, U1212, UMR5320), Site IECB, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
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McMahon WP, Dalvi R, Lesniewski JE, Hall ZY, Jorabchi K. Pulsed Nano-ESI: Application in Ion Mobility-MS and Insights into Spray Dynamics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:488-497. [PMID: 31967817 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that pulsed nano-ESI offers direct ion introduction into an AP-IM cell in the absence of conventional gates and desolvation. Here, we further characterize this ion injection method and utilize it to gain insights into nano-ESI pulsed spray dynamics. We demonstrate that a pulsed nano-ESI operated at 20 Hz with ion generation pulses of 170-510 μs offers reproducible ion arrival times (0.09-0.21% RSD). Arrival times are then translated to effective collision cross sections (CCSs) using tetraalkylammonium ions as CCS internal standards. For ions with low solvent affinity, effective CCS values match those reported for fully desolvated ions. For amino acids and a series of alkylamine homologues, the effective CCS values are higher than those for fully desolvated ions and correlate with solvent affinity, suggesting that ions with high hydration affinities traverse the mobility cell as hydrated ions. Notably, hydrates are not observed in the MS spectra due to ion activation during the transport into vacuum. Using these observations as a framework to interpret effective CCS values, we investigate the impact of nano-ESI pulse duration on ion properties. We observe that longer pulse durations lead to the enhancement of ion abundance for low-ionization-efficiency analytes and a reduction in clustering. However, effective CCSs are not significantly altered by spray pulse duration, implying that similar ion structures emerge rapidly at all investigated pulse durations. Ion abundance results suggest a temporal evolution of droplets in pulsed nano-ESI where droplets emitted later in the spray formation appear to be smaller, providing enhanced ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 United States
| | - Rohan Dalvi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 United States
| | - Joseph E Lesniewski
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 United States
| | - Zara Y Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 United States
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 United States
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29
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Wu Q, Wang JY, Han DQ, Yao ZP. Recent advances in differentiation of isomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Naylor CN, Reinecke T, Clowers BH. Assessing the Impact of Drift Gas Polarizability in Polyatomic Ion Mobility Experiments. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4226-4234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Tobias Reinecke
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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31
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Morris CB, Poland JC, May JC, McLean JA. Fundamentals of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Biomolecules. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2084:1-31. [PMID: 31729651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0030-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) combines complementary size- and mass-selective separations into a single analytical platform. This chapter provides context for both the instrumental arrangements and key application areas that are commonly encountered in bioanalytical settings. New advances in these high-throughput strategies are described with description of complementary informatics tools to effectively utilize these data-intensive measurements. Rapid separations such as these are especially important in systems, synthetic, and chemical biology in which many small molecules are transient and correspond to various biological classes for integrated omics measurements. This chapter highlights the fundamentals of IM-MS and its applications toward biomolecular separations and discusses methods currently being used in the fields of proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb B Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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32
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Hernández-Mesa M, Ropartz D, García-Campaña AM, Rogniaux H, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Food Analysis: Principles, Current Applications and Future Trends. Molecules 2019; 24:E2706. [PMID: 31349571 PMCID: PMC6696101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has reemerged as an analytical separation technique, especially due to the commercialization of ion mobility mass spectrometers. Its applicability has been extended beyond classical applications such as the determination of chemical warfare agents and nowadays it is widely used for the characterization of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, glycans, lipids, etc.) and, more recently, of small molecules (e.g., metabolites, xenobiotics, etc.). Following this trend, the interest in this technique is growing among researchers from different fields including food science. Several advantages are attributed to IMS when integrated in traditional liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS) workflows: (1) it improves method selectivity by providing an additional separation dimension that allows the separation of isobaric and isomeric compounds; (2) it increases method sensitivity by isolating the compounds of interest from background noise; (3) and it provides complementary information to mass spectra and retention time, the so-called collision cross section (CCS), so compounds can be identified with more confidence, either in targeted or non-targeted approaches. In this context, the number of applications focused on food analysis has increased exponentially in the last few years. This review provides an overview of the current status of IMS technology and its applicability in different areas of food analysis (i.e., food composition, process control, authentication, adulteration and safety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France.
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France.
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France
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33
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Baird MA, Shliaha PV, Anderson GA, Moskovets E, Laiko V, Makarov AA, Jensen ON, Shvartsburg AA. High-Resolution Differential Ion Mobility Separations/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry without Buffer Gas Limitations. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6918-6925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Pavel V. Shliaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- GAACE, 101904 Wiser Parkway Suite 105, Kennewick, Washington 99338, United States
| | - Eugene Moskovets
- MassTech Inc., 6992 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Victor Laiko
- MassTech Inc., 6992 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath Strasse 11, Bremen 28199, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utrecht, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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