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Olia AS, Cheng C, Zhou T, Biju A, Harris DR, Changela A, Duan H, Ivleva VB, Kong WP, Ou L, Rawi R, Tsybovsky Y, Van Wazer DJ, Corrigan AR, Gonelli CA, Lee M, McKee K, Narpala S, O’Dell S, Parchment DK, Stancofski ESD, Stephens T, Tan I, Teng IT, Wang S, Wei Q, Yang Y, Yang Z, Zhang B, Novak J, Renfrow MB, Doria-Rose NA, Koup RA, McDermott AB, Gall JG, Lei QP, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Soluble prefusion-closed HIV-envelope trimers with glycan-covered bases. iScience 2023; 26:107403. [PMID: 37554450 PMCID: PMC10404741 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble HIV-1-envelope (Env) trimers elicit immune responses that target their solvent-exposed protein bases, the result of removing these trimers from their native membrane-bound context. To assess whether glycosylation could limit these base responses, we introduced sequons encoding potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGSs) into base-proximal regions. Expression and antigenic analyses indicated trimers bearing six-introduced PNGSs to have reduced base recognition. Cryo-EM analysis revealed trimers with introduced PNGSs to be prone to disassembly and introduced PNGS to be disordered. Protein-base and glycan-base trimers induced reciprocally symmetric ELISA responses, in which only a small fraction of the antibody response to glycan-base trimers recognized protein-base trimers and vice versa. EM polyclonal epitope mapping revealed glycan-base trimers -even those that were stable biochemically- to elicit antibodies that recognized disassembled trimers. Introduced glycans can thus mask the protein base but their introduction may yield neo-epitopes that dominate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Darcy R. Harris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vera B. Ivleva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David J. Van Wazer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ivy Tan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason G. Gall
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Q. Paula Lei
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sastry M, Changela A, Gorman J, Xu K, Chuang GY, Shen CH, Cheng C, Geng H, O'Dell S, Ou L, Rawi R, Reveiz M, Stewart-Jones GBE, Wang S, Zhang B, Zhou T, Biju A, Chambers M, Chen X, Corrigan AR, Lin BC, Louder MK, McKee K, Nazzari AF, Olia AS, Parchment DK, Sarfo EK, Stephens T, Stuckey J, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Wang Y, Zheng CY, Chen Y, Doria-Rose NA, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Diverse Murine Vaccinations Reveal Distinct Antibody Classes to Target Fusion Peptide and Variation in Peptide Length to Improve HIV Neutralization. J Virol 2023; 97:e0160422. [PMID: 37098956 PMCID: PMC10234334 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01604-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While neutralizing antibodies that target the HIV-1 fusion peptide have been elicited in mice by vaccination, antibodies reported thus far have been from only a single antibody class that could neutralize ~30% of HIV-1 strains. To explore the ability of the murine immune system to generate cross-clade neutralizing antibodies and to investigate how higher breadth and potency might be achieved, we tested 17 prime-boost regimens that utilized diverse fusion peptide-carrier conjugates and HIV-1 envelope trimers with different fusion peptides. We observed priming in mice with fusion peptide-carrier conjugates of variable peptide length to elicit higher neutralizing responses, a result we confirmed in guinea pigs. From vaccinated mice, we isolated 21 antibodies, belonging to 4 distinct classes of fusion peptide-directed antibodies capable of cross-clade neutralization. Top antibodies from each class collectively neutralized over 50% of a 208-strain panel. Structural analyses - both X-ray and cryo-EM - revealed each antibody class to recognize a distinct conformation of fusion peptide and to have a binding pocket capable of accommodating diverse fusion peptides. Murine vaccinations can thus elicit diverse neutralizing antibodies, and altering peptide length during prime can improve the elicitation of cross-clade responses targeting the fusion peptide site of HIV-1 vulnerability. IMPORTANCE The HIV-1 fusion peptide has been identified as a site for elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies, with prior studies demonstrating that priming with fusion peptide-based immunogens and boosting with soluble envelope (Env) trimers can elicit cross-clade HIV-1-neutralizing responses. To improve the neutralizing breadth and potency of fusion peptide-directed responses, we evaluated vaccine regimens that incorporated diverse fusion peptide-conjugates and Env trimers with variation in fusion peptide length and sequence. We found that variation in peptide length during prime elicits enhanced neutralizing responses in mice and guinea pigs. We identified vaccine-elicited murine monoclonal antibodies from distinct classes capable of cross-clade neutralization and of diverse fusion peptide recognition. Our findings lend insight into improved immunogens and regimens for HIV-1 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mateo Reveiz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bob C. Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Edward K. Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Stuckey
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiran Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Yan Zheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Houser KV, Gaudinski MR, Happe M, Narpala S, Verardi R, Sarfo EK, Corrigan AR, Wu R, Rothwell RS, Novik L, Hendel CS, Gordon IJ, Berkowitz NM, Cartagena CT, Widge AT, Coates EE, Strom L, Hickman S, Conan-Cibotti M, Vazquez S, Trofymenko O, Plummer S, Stein J, Case CL, Nason M, Biju A, Parchment DK, Changela A, Cheng C, Duan H, Geng H, Teng IT, Zhou T, O'Connell S, Barry C, Carlton K, Gall JG, Flach B, Doria-Rose NA, Graham BS, Koup RA, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, Ledgerwood JE. Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 prefusion-stabilized envelope trimer (Trimer 4571) vaccine in healthy adults: A first-in-human open-label, randomized, dose-escalation, phase 1 clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101477. [PMID: 35783486 PMCID: PMC9249552 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in therapeutic drugs have increased life-expectancies for HIV-infected individuals, but the need for an effective vaccine remains. We assessed safety and immunogenicity of HIV-1 vaccine, Trimer 4571 (BG505 DS-SOSIP.664) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (alum), in HIV-negative adults. METHODS We conducted a phase I, randomized, open-label, dose-escalation trial at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, USA. Eligible participants were HIV-negative, healthy adults between 18-50 years. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive Trimer 4571 adjuvanted with 500 mcg alum by either the subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) route at weeks 0, 8, and 20 in escalating doses of 100 mcg or 500 mcg. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Trimer 4571 with a secondary objective of evaluating vaccine-induced antibody responses. The primary and safety endpoints were evaluated in all participants who received at least one dose of Trimer 4571. Trial results were summarized using descriptive statistics. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03783130. FINDINGS Between March 7 and September 11, 2019, 16 HIV-negative participants were enrolled, including six (38%) males and ten (62%) females. All participants received three doses of Trimer 4571. Solicited reactogenicity was mild to moderate in severity, with one isolated instance of severe injection site redness (6%) following a third 500 mcg SC administration. The most commonly reported solicited symptoms included mild injection site tenderness in 14 (88%) and mild myalgia in six (38%) participants. The most frequent unsolicited adverse event attributed to vaccination was mild injection site pruritus in six (38%) participants. Vaccine-induced seropositivity occurred in seven (44%) participants and resolved in all but one (6%). No serious adverse events occurred. Trimer 4571-specific binding antibodies were detected in all groups two weeks after regimen completion, primarily focused on the glycan-free trimer base. Neutralizing antibody activity was limited to the 500 mcg dose groups. INTERPRETATION Trimer 4571 was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in this first-in-human trial. While this phase 1 trial is limited in size, our results inform and support further evaluation of prefusion-stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimers as a component of vaccine design strategies to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. FUNDING Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V. Houser
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author at: Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Martin R. Gaudinski
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Myra Happe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward K. Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Wu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ro Shauna Rothwell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Hendel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ingelise J. Gordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nina M. Berkowitz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cora Trelles Cartagena
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alicia T. Widge
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily E. Coates
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larisa Strom
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Somia Hickman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Conan-Cibotti
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Vazquez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Trofymenko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Plummer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judy Stein
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L. Case
- Vaccine Clinical Materials Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danealle K. Parchment
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chris Barry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Carlton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason G. Gall
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britta Flach
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Bender MF, Li Y, Ivleva VB, Gowetski DB, Paula Lei Q. Protein and glycan molecular weight determination of highly glycosylated HIV-1 envelope trimers by HPSEC-MALS. Vaccine 2021; 39:3650-3654. [PMID: 34053790 PMCID: PMC11106716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography coupled with Multi-Angle Light Scattering detection (HPSEC-MALS) is an important tool to provide a reliable molecular weight measurement for a large complex biomolecule. A recent HIV-1 soluble envelope trimer vaccine candidate, BG505 DS-SOSIP.664, is among the most glycosylated proteins to enter a clinical trial to date, and determination of its protein and glycan molecular weight is one of the key attributes in pre-clinical characterization. However, protein and glycans possess disparate dndcvalues making molecular weight measurement inaccurate in conventional SEC-MALS. To overcome these challenges, a simple mathematically guided experiment was explored, and a composite dndcvalue was established by utilizing protein and glycan mass contributions for the HIV-1 envelope trimer. This establishment was further verified by an orthogonal mass spectrometry analysis. This innovative, simple, and quick analytical approach can be applied broadly to measuring the molecular weight of various composite molecular structures, such as complex glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Bender
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, United States
| | - Yile Li
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, United States
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, United States
| | - Daniel B Gowetski
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, United States
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, United States.
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5
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Schneck NA, Vinitsky AL, Ivleva VB, Wang X, Gowetski DB, Lei QP. Development of a RPLC-UV method for monitoring uncleaved HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2183-2188. [PMID: 33954330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the HIV-1 vaccine design efforts has focused on developing a recombinant HIV-1 trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) as an immunogen to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. A native-like immunogen, the BG505.DS.SOSIP.664 gp140 (Env) construct has been well-characterized as a vaccine candidate. This vaccine candidate comprises of three identical gp120 and truncated gp41 subunits that form into a trimer of heterodimers. During production, recombinant Env is expressed as a gp140 precursor polypeptide in which a furin cleavable site is engineered to generate a heterodimer of gp120 and gp41 subunits. Each heterodimer is connected by an intermolecular disulfide bond, and three heterodimers form into a trimer. Furin cleavage is an important factor to mimic native-like HIV-1 Env conformations and is needed to help induce an immune response. Therefore, it is critical to monitor cleavage for ensuring functionality of the Env vaccine product. In this paper, a new RPLC-UV method coupled with reduction was developed to routinely determine the percentage of uncleaved gp140 relative to the cleaved gp120 and gp41 subunits. Baseline separation was achieved among the gp120, gp41 and uncleaved gp140 peaks, thus enabling relative quantification of uncleaved gp140. Overall, this RPLC-UV approach has been successfully applied to support Env vaccine candidate developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Schneck
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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6
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Schneck NA, Ivleva VB, Cai CX, Cooper JW, Lei QP. Characterization of the furin cleavage motif for HIV-1 trimeric envelope glycoprotein by intact LC-MS analysis. Analyst 2020; 145:1636-1640. [PMID: 31932825 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Generating a soluble and native-like trimeric envelope glycoprotein (Env) with high efficacy as an immunogen has been a major focus for developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The Env immunogen is a heavily glycosylated protein composed of 3 identical surface gp120 and gp41 subunits that form into a trimer of heterodimers (3 × 28 N-glycan sites). During Env immunogen production, endogenous furin works to cleave a hexa-arginine motif connecting the gp120 and gp41 subunits, which is needed to ensure proper protein folding and a native-like conformation of Env. Verification of the overall identity and proteolytic cleavage of Env is therefore important for HIV-1 vaccine development and product quality. Herein, we report the first work using LC-MS to (1) achieve fast and accurate intact mass measurement of Env after deglycosylation and (2) confidently identify the furin cleavage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Schneck
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Cindy X Cai
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Cooper
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Chuang GY, Asokan M, Ivleva VB, Pegu A, Yang ES, Zhang B, Chaudhuri R, Geng H, Lin BC, Louder MK, McKee K, O'Dell S, Wang H, Zhou T, Doria-Rose NA, Kueltzo LA, Lei QP, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Removal of variable domain N-linked glycosylation as a means to improve the homogeneity of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. MAbs 2020; 12:1836719. [PMID: 33121334 PMCID: PMC7643989 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1836719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies are showing promise in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1, with several now being evaluated clinically. Some lead clinical candidates, including antibodies CAP256-VRC26.25, N6, PGT121, and VRC07-523, have one or more N-linked glycosylation sequons in their variable domains (Fvs) from somatic hypermutation, and these glycans increase chemical heterogeneity, complicating the manufacture of these antibodies as products. Here we propose a general method to remove Fv glycans and use this method to develop engineered versions of these four antibodies with Fv glycans removed. When germline residues were introduced to remove each glycan, antibody properties between wild type and mutant were not significantly altered for CAP256-VRC26.25 and PGT121; however, germline mutants for N6 and VRC07-523 showed increased polyreactivity, which is known to correlate with unfavorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. To reduce polyreactivity induced by removal of Fv glycan, we mutated aromatic residues and arginines structurally proximal to the removed glycan and identified Fv glycan-removed variants with low polyreactivity for N6 and VRC07-523. Two such variants, N6-N72LCQ-R18LCD and VRC07-523-N72LCQ-R24LCD, showed thermostability, neutralization potency and breadth, and half-life in humanized FcRn mice that were similar to their wild-type Fv-glycosylated counterparts. The removal of Fv glycan and reduction of chemical heterogeneity were confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. With reduced heterogeneity, the Fv-glycan-removed variants developed here may have utility as products for treating or preventing infection by HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Rajoshi Chaudhuri
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Hairong Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A Kueltzo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MA, USA
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Cipollo JF, Parsons LM. Glycomics and glycoproteomics of viruses: Mass spectrometry applications and insights toward structure-function relationships. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:371-409. [PMID: 32350911 PMCID: PMC7318305 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of viral glycomics has paralleled that of the mass spectrometry glycomics toolbox. In some regard the glycoproteins studied have provided the impetus for this advancement. Viral proteins are often highly glycosylated, especially those targeted by the host immune system. Glycosylation tends to be dynamic over time as viruses propagate in host populations leading to increased number of and/or "movement" of glycosylation sites in response to the immune system and other pressures. This relationship can lead to highly glycosylated, difficult to analyze glycoproteins that challenge the capabilities of modern mass spectrometry. In this review, we briefly discuss five general areas where glycosylation is important in the viral niche and how mass spectrometry has been used to reveal key information regarding structure-function relationships between viral glycoproteins and host cells. We describe the recent past and current glycomics toolbox used in these analyses and give examples of how the requirement to analyze these complex glycoproteins has provided the incentive for some advances seen in glycomics mass spectrometry. A general overview of viral glycomics, special cases, mass spectrometry methods and work-flows, informatics and complementary chemical techniques currently used are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cipollo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Lisa M. Parsons
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
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