1
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Yeon Cho H, Lee JE, Hoon Lee J, Uk Ahn D, Paik HD. The immune-enhancing activity of egg white ovalbumin hydrolysate prepared with papain via MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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2
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Ren Q, Boiani M, He T, Wichers HJ, Hettinga KA. Heating affects protein digestion of skimmed goat milk under simulated infant conditions. Food Chem 2023; 402:134261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Gu J, Li M, Nawaz MA, Stockmann R, Buckow R, Suleria HAR. In Vitro Digestion and Colonic Fermentation of UHT Treated Faba Protein Emulsions: Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Thermal Processing on Proteins and Phenolics. Nutrients 2022; 15:89. [PMID: 36615747 PMCID: PMC9824445 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) protein is a new plant protein alternative source with high nutrient content especially protein and phenolic compounds. The present study investigated physicochemical properties, phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation of faba bean hydrolysates and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Results indicate that the enzymic hydrolysates of faba proteins exhibited higher protein solubility, increased electronegativity, and decreased surface hydrophobicity than native faba protein. O/W emulsions showed improved colloidal stability for the faba protein hydrolysates after ultra-high temperature processing (UHT). Furthermore, UHT processing preserved total phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities while decreasing total flavonoid content and ferric reducing power. Besides, the release of phenolic compounds in faba bean hydrolysates (FBH) and emulsions (FBE) improved after intestinal digestion by 0.44 mg GAE/g and 0.55 mg GAE/g, respectively. For colonic fermentation, FBH demonstrated an approximately 10 mg TE/g higher ABTS value than FBE (106.45 mg TE/g). Total SCFAs production of both FBH and FBE was only 0.03 mM. The treatment of FBH with 30 min enzymatic hydrolysis displayed relatively higher antioxidant capacities and SCFAs production, indicating its potential to bring more benefits to gut health. Overall, this study showed that enzymic hydrolysis of faba proteins not only improved the colloidal emulsion stability, but also released antioxidant capacity during in vitro digestibility and colonic fermentation. Colonic fermentation metabolites (SCFAs) were related to the degree of hydrolysis for both FBH and FBE. Additional studies are required to further elucidate and differentiate the role of phenolics during faba protein processing and digestion stages in comparison to contributions of peptides, amino acids and microelements to digestion rates, antioxidant capacities and colonial SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Gu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Minhao Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Malik Adil Nawaz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Regine Stockmann
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Roman Buckow
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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4
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Advances in analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays in the search for new peptides with functional activity in effect-directed analysis. Food Chem 2022; 397:133784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Impact of casein-to-whey protein ratio on gastric emptying, proteolysis, and peptidome profile of fermented milk during in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion in preschool children. Food Chem 2022; 405:134840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Buey B, Layunta E, Latorre E, Mesonero JE. Potential role of milk bioactive peptides on the serotonergic system and the gut-brain axis. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Caira S, Pinto G, Picariello G, Vitaglione P, De Pascale S, Scaloni A, Addeo F. In vivo absorptomics: Identification of bovine milk-derived peptides in human plasma after milk intake. Food Chem 2022; 385:132663. [PMID: 35290952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A dedicated two-step purification procedure prior to nanoliquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry analysis enabled the identification of bovine milk-derived peptides absorbed and circulating in the plasma of three healthy volunteers who received 250 mL of pasteurized milk after a 10-days washout. The appearance and clearance of milk peptides in plasma were monitored at various time points. Overall, 758, 273 and 212 unique peptides derived from 15, 15 and 18 bovine milk proteins, respectively, were identified in the plasma of these volunteers, evidencing a substantial inter-individual variability. Peptides encrypting possible bioactive and/or immunogenic molecules originating from caseins, β-lactoglobulin and minor milk proteins were detected. Peptide representation data revealed the combined action of endoproteases involved in primary hydrolysis during gastroduodenal digestion and exopeptidases that hydrolyse peptides in the small intestine. It remains to be established whether the half-life and concentration ranges of circulating milk-derived peptides may have any impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Sabrina De Pascale
- Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Francesco Addeo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
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8
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Hu S, Lin S, Wang D, Zhang S, Sun N. Antarctic krill-derived peptides with consecutive Glu residues enhanced iron binding, solubility, and absorption. Food Funct 2021; 12:8615-8625. [PMID: 34346465 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Three peptides containing three glutamic acid (Glu) residues at different positions derived from Antarctic krill were obtained to investigate their iron-binding properties, digestive stability, and effectiveness on enhancing iron solubility and absorption. Results indicated that Fe2+ bound to the carbonyl, carboxyl, or hydroxyl groups of DELEDSLER, EEEFDATR, and DTDSEEEIR at stoichiometric ratios of 0.453, 0.466, and 0.490, respectively. DTDSEEEIR with three consecutive Glu in the middle of the sequence possessed higher iron-binding ability and iron release potential than EEEFDATR with three consecutive Glu in the N-terminal, and DELEDSLER with three discontinuous Glu showed the lowest values. Although EEEFDATR showed remarkably lower digestion stability than DTDSEEEIR, the effect of EEEFDATR-iron on iron solubility and absorption was comparable to that of DTDSEEEIR-iron, but better than that of DELEDSLER-iron and FeSO4. Thus, peptides with consecutive Glu have the potential as an effective iron carrier to improve iron absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Songyi Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Na Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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9
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Guo H, Hao Y, Fan X, Richel A, Everaert N, Yang X, Ren G. Administration with Quinoa Protein Reduces the Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Modifies the Fecal Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072446. [PMID: 34371955 PMCID: PMC8308759 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of quinoa protein as the source of antihypertensive peptides through in vitro enzymolysis, there is little evidence supporting the in vivo antihypertensive effect of intact quinoa protein. In this study, in vivo study on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was conducted by administering quinoa protein for five weeks. Gastrointestinal content identification indicated that many promising precursors of bioactive peptides were released from quinoa protein under gastrointestinal processing. Quinoa protein administration on SHRs resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure, a significant increase in alpha diversity, and microbial structure alternation towards that in non-hypertension rats. Furthermore, blood pressure was highly negatively correlated with the elevated abundance of genera in quinoa protein-treated SHRs, such as Turicibacter and Allobaculum. Interestingly, the fecal microbiota in quinoa protein-treated SHRs shared more features in the composition of genera with non-hypertension rats than that of the captopril-treated group. These results indicate that quinoa protein may serve as a potential candidate to lower blood pressure and ameliorate hypertension-related gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
| | - Xin Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Aurore Richel
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6217-4058
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
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10
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Pinho SC, Faria MA, Melo A, Pinto E, Almeida A, Alves R, Cabrita AR, Fonseca AJ, Ferreira IM. Effect of skimmed milk on intestinal tract: Prevention of increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide formation. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Dave LA, Hayes M, Mora L, Rutherfurd SM, Montoya CA, Moughan PJ. Bioactive Peptides Originating from Gastrointestinal Endogenous Proteins in the Growing Pig: In Vivo Identification. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1382-1395. [PMID: 33292114 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201207111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in silico and in vitro studies have shown that gastrointestinal endogenous proteins (GEP) are a source of bioactive peptides. To date, however, the presence of such peptides in the lumen of the digestive tract has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the generation of GEP-derived bioactive peptides in the growing pig fed a proteinfree diet. METHODS Stomach chyme (SC) and jejunal digesta (JD) fractions from 6 growing pigs (two sampling times) were assessed for their angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) inhibition, and antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and microsomal lipid peroxidation (MLP) inhibition assays. RESULTS Two of the fractions prepared from JD samples inhibited ACE-I and DPPH by 81 (± 2.80)% and 94 (±0.66)%. SC fractions were found to inhibit MLP between 15-39 (±3.52-1.40)%. The study identified over 180 novel peptide sequences that were related to the determined bioactivities, including a porcine serum albuminderived peptide (FAKTCVADESAENCDKS), corresponding to f(7-23) of the human serum albumin peptide LVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLF that was previously identified from the digests of the latter GEP. CONCLUSION This study provides the first in vivo evidence for GEP as a source of bioactive peptides. These new findings help advance our knowledge of the latent bioactive role of GEP-derived peptides in mammalian nutrition and health and their potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi A Dave
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Maria Hayes
- Teagasc, The Irish Agricultural and Food Development Authority, Food BioSciences Department, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Leticia Mora
- Instituto de Agroquıimica y Tecnologıia de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shane M Rutherfurd
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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12
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Xue H, Han J, He B, Yi M, Liu X, Song H, Li J. Bioactive peptide release and the absorption tracking of casein in the gastrointestinal digestion of rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:5157-5170. [PMID: 33977978 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine casein is considered as an important source of many bioactive peptides (BAPs), which can also be produced via in vitro simulated gastrointestinal hydrolysis. To perform their physiological functions, some active peptides need to pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier and keep their structural integrity after oral administration. Owing to the complexity of in vivo digestion and absorption, there have been few studies in this area. In this study, casein was labeled with FITC to trace its digestion and absorption in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Gastric juice, intestinal fluid, blood, and intestinal tissue samples were collected at different time-points for preservation and analysis after intragastric administration. The results showed that CN-FITC exhibited good labeling stability in the gastrointestinal digestive juice both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting its potential to be used for the detection and tracking of casein hydrolysate. After the intra-gastric administration of FITC, the diffusion rates of fluorescent substances in serum were much higher than in the CN-FITC group. The maximum peptide content in the CN-FITC group during intestinal digestion was achieved 2 h after administration, and electrophoretic analysis of the hydrolysate composition suggested that the molecular weights of the peptides were mainly concentrated in the range of 3.4-10 kDa. The hydrolyzed peptides from CN-FITC could be absorbed into the blood just 1 h after administration. Frozen sections of rat duodenal tissue were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and they showed that the CN-FITC digested products were absorbed from villi to mucosa in the rat intestines, and the casein-hydrolyzed polypeptides were accumulated significantly in tissue samples 2 h after administration. The peptides were mainly absorbed in the duodenum on the basis of absorption experiments using an everted gut sac. After intestinal digestion for 2 h, peptides with weights less than 5 kDa were enriched and identified using LC-MS-MS, and they were found to be mainly derived from β-casein, containing potential angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory, and morphine-like peptides. The peptides from casein hydrolysate were tracked entering the blood through the intestinal epithelial barrier in the form of complete fragments, and they might exert potential physiological activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Baoyuan He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R.China.
| | - Meixia Yi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxin Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jingying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
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13
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Sawyer L. β-Lactoglobulin and Glycodelin: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Physiol 2021; 12:678080. [PMID: 34093238 PMCID: PMC8173191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two lipocalins, β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and glycodelin (Gd), are possibly the most closely related members of the large and widely distributed lipocalin family, yet their functions appear to be substantially different. Indeed, the function of β-lactoglobulin, a major component of ruminant milk, is still unclear although neonatal nutrition is clearly important. On the other hand, glycodelin has several specific functions in reproduction conferred through distinct, tissue specific glycosylation of the polypeptide backbone. It is also associated with some cancer outcomes. The glycodelin gene, PAEP, reflecting one of its names, progestagen-associated endometrial protein, is expressed in many though not all primates, but the name has now also been adopted for the β-lactoglobulin gene (HGNC, www.genenames.org). After a general overview of the two proteins in the context of the lipocalin family, this review considers the properties of each in the light of their physiological functional significance, supplementing earlier reviews to include studies from the past decade. While the biological function of glycodelin is reasonably well defined, that of β-lactoglobulin remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sawyer
- School of Biological Sciences, IQB3, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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14
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Barati M, Javanmardi F, Mousavi Jazayeri SMH, Jabbari M, Rahmani J, Barati F, Nickho H, Davoodi SH, Roshanravan N, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Techniques, perspectives, and challenges of bioactive peptide generation: A comprehensive systematic review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1488-1520. [PMID: 33337080 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the digestible refractory and absorbable structures of bioactive peptides (BPs), they could induce notable biological impacts on the living organism. In this regard, the current study was devoted to providing an overview regarding the available methods for BPs generation by the aid of a systematic review conducted on the published articles up to April 2019. In this context, the PubMed and Scopus databases were screened to retrieve the related publications. According to the results, although the characterization of BPs mainly has been performed using enzymatic and microbial in-vitro methods, they cannot be considered as suitable techniques for further stimulation of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, new approaches for both in-vivo and in-silico methods for BPs identification should be developed to overcome the obstacles that belonged to the current methods. The purpose of this review was to compile the recent analytical methods applied for studying various aspects of food-derived biopeptides, and emphasizing generation at in vitro, in vivo, and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Barati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic, National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Shivanna SK, Nataraj BH. Revisiting therapeutic and toxicological fingerprints of milk-derived bioactive peptides: An overview. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Tulipano G. Role of Bioactive Peptide Sequences in the Potential Impact of Dairy Protein Intake on Metabolic Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8881. [PMID: 33238654 PMCID: PMC7700308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, there has been an increasing move towards elucidating the complexities of how food can interplay with the signalling networks underlying energy homeostasis and glycaemic control. Dairy foods can be regarded as the greatest source of proteins and peptides with various health benefits and are a well-recognized source of bioactive compounds. A number of dairy protein-derived peptide sequences with the ability to modulate functions related to the control of food intake, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis have been isolated and characterized. Their being active in vivo may be questionable mainly due to expected low bioavailability after ingestion, and hence their real contribution to the metabolic impact of dairy protein intake needs to be discussed. Some reports suggest that the differential effects of dairy proteins-in particular whey proteins-on mechanisms underlying energy balance and glucose-homeostasis may be attributed to their unique amino acid composition and hence the release of free amino acid mixtures enriched in essential amino acids (i.e., branched-chain-amino acids) upon digestion. Actually, the research reports reviewed in this article suggest that, among a number of dairy protein-derived peptides isolated and characterized as bioactive compounds in vitro, some peptides can be active in vivo post-oral administration through a local action in the gut, or, alternatively, a systemic action on specific molecular targets after entering the systemic circulation. Moreover, these studies highlight the importance of the enteroendocrine system in the cross talk between food proteins and the neuroendocrine network regulating energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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17
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Fernández-Tomé S, Hernández-Ledesma B. Gastrointestinal Digestion of Food Proteins under the Effects of Released Bioactive Peptides on Digestive Health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000401. [PMID: 32974997 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract represents a specialized interface between the organism and the external environment. Because of its direct contact with lumen substances, the modulation of digestive functions by dietary substances is supported by a growing body of evidence. Food-derived bioactive peptides have demonstrated a plethora of activities in the organism with increasing interest toward their impact over the digestive system and related physiological effects. This review updates the biological effects of food proteins, specifically milk and soybean proteins, associated to gastrointestinal health and highlights the study of digestion products and released peptides, the identification of the active form/s, and the evaluation of the mechanisms of action underlying their relationship with the digestive cells and receptors. The approach toward the modifications that food proteins and peptides undergo during gastrointestinal digestion and their bioavailability is a crucial step for current investigations on the field. The recent literature on the regulation of digestive functions by peptides has been mostly considered in terms of their influence on gastrointestinal motility and signaling, oxidative damage and inflammation, and malignant cellular proliferation. A final section regarding the actual challenges and future perspectives in this scientific topic is critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fernández-Tomé
- Samuel Fernández-Tomé. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Blanca Hernández-Ledesma. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Amigo L, Hernández-Ledesma B. Current Evidence on the Bioavailability of Food Bioactive Peptides. Molecules 2020; 25:E4479. [PMID: 33003506 PMCID: PMC7582556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-derived bioactive peptides are recognized as valuable ingredients of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, although peptides have been demonstrated to exert multiple benefits by biochemical assays, cell culture, and animal models, the ability to translate the new findings into practical or commercial uses remains delayed. This fact is mainly due to the lack of correlation of in vitro findings with in vivo functions of peptides because of their low bioavailability. Once ingested, peptides need to resist the action of digestive enzymes during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract and cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target organs in an intact and active form to exert their health-promoting properties. Thus, for a better understanding of the in vivo physiological effects of food bioactive peptides, extensive research studies on their gastrointestinal stability and transport are needed. This review summarizes the most current evidence on those factors affecting the digestive and absorptive processes of food bioactive peptides, the recently designed models mimicking the gastrointestinal environment, as well as the novel strategies developed and currently applied to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Research in Food Sciences (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI-UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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19
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Martini S, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. Effect of ripening and in vitro digestion on the evolution and fate of bioactive peptides in Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Cai J, Li X, Du H, Jiang C, Xu S, Cao Y. Immunomodulatory significance of natural peptides in mammalians: Promising agents for medical application. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151936. [PMID: 32209241 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by immunoregulatory agents, such as the natural or synthetic immunomodulatory peptides, has been suggested as a potential strategy to modulate immune system against infection and other immune-related diseases. These compositionally simple peptides have attracted much attention for many drug developers, due to their high activity, low toxicity and clear target specificity. Host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides are two kinds of natural immunomodulatory peptides which have been widely studied in mammalians. They could participate at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune effector cells. This review summarizes the recent advances in host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides as well as their general characteristics, immunomodulatory functions and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongming Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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22
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Summer A, Di Frangia F, Ajmone Marsan P, De Noni I, Malacarne M. Occurrence, biological properties and potential effects on human health of β-casomorphin 7: Current knowledge and concerns. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3705-3723. [PMID: 32033519 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1707157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The genetic variant A1 of bovine β-casein (β-Cn) presents a His residue at a position 67 of the mature protein. This feature makes the Ile66-His67 bond more vulnerable to enzymatic cleavage, determining the release of the peptide β-Cn f(60-66), named β-casomorphin 7 (BCM7). BCM7 is an opioid-agonist for μ receptors, and it has been hypothesized to be involved in the development of different non-transmissible diseases in humans. In the last decade, studies have provided additional results on the potential health impact of β-Cn A1 and BCM7. These studies, here reviewed, highlighted a relation between the consumption of β-Cn A1 (and its derivative BCM7) and the increase of inflammatory response as well as discomfort at the gastrointestinal level. Conversely, the role of BCM7 and the effects of ingestion of β-Cn A1 on the onset or worsening of other non-transmissible diseases as caused or favored by still need proof of evidence. Overall, the reviewed literature demonstrates that the "β-Cn A1/BCM7 issue" remains an intriguing but not exhaustively explained topic in human nutrition. On this basis, policies in favor of breeding for β-Cn variants not releasing BCM7 and consumption of "A1-like" milk appear not yet sound for a healthier and safer nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Malacarne
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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23
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Žolnere K, Arnold M, Hull B, Everett DW. Cheese proteolysis and matrix disintegration during in vitro digestion. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2019.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Rafiee Tari N, Arranz E, Corredig M. Effect of protein composition of a model dairy matrix containing various levels of beta-casein on the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of in vitro digestates. Food Funct 2019; 10:1870-1879. [PMID: 30768115 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that differences in protein composition in the food matrix can significantly affect its biological functionality. The present research hypothesized that a matrix containing the same level of dairy protein, but with different composition, even when showing similar properties during digestion, may have a different biological functionality. To test this hypothesis, three matrices, containing 2.8% protein and similar amounts of fat and solid were prepared, either with 100% whey proteins, or with a ratio of caseins to whey protein of 40 : 60, but differing in β-casein ratio. The mixtures were subjected to in vitro digestion, and the digestates were used in uptake experiments using Caco-2 cell monolayers. The basolateral fraction metabolized by the cells was used to stimulate human LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and the concentration of selected cytokines were measured, as an indication of potential differences in biological functionality between the different dairy matrices. All three digestates induced a significant reduction in IL-1β cytokines, with the casein-containing treatments inducing a greater decrease compared to that containing only whey proteins. The matrix containing the highest ratio of β-casein induced the lowest secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-6. This study demonstrated that milk protein composition does not only affect the rate of gastric proteolysis and structure of the gastric digestate, but will cause differences in physiological effects. This research stressed the role of milk protein components during digestion, and of β-casein in particular, and their potential to modulate biological functions in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rafiee Tari
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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25
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Giromini C, Cheli F, Rebucci R, Baldi A. Invited review: Dairy proteins and bioactive peptides: Modeling digestion and the intestinal barrier. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:929-942. [PMID: 30591343 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products are one of the most important sources of biologically active proteins and peptides. The health-promoting functions of these peptides are related to their primary structure, which depends on the parent protein composition. A crucial issue in this field is the demonstration of a cause-effect relationship from the ingested protein form to the bioactive form in vivo. Intervention studies represent the gold standard in nutritional research; however, attention has increasingly been focused on the development of sophisticated in vitro models of digestion to elucidate the mechanism of action of dairy nutrients in a mechanistic way and significantly reduce the number of in vivo trials. On the other hand, the epithelial intestinal barrier is the first gate that actively interacts with digestion metabolites, making the intestinal cells the first target tissue of dairy nutrients and respective metabolites. An evolution of the in vitro digestion approach in the study of dairy proteins and derived bioactive compounds is the setup of combined in vitro digestion and cell culture models taking into consideration the endpoint to measure the target organism (e.g., animal, human) and the key concepts of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity. This review discusses the relevance and challenges of modeling digestion and the intestinal barrier, focusing on the implications for the modeling of dairy protein digestion for bioactivity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy 20134.
| | - Federica Cheli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy 20134
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy 20134
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy 20134
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26
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Maestri E, Pavlicevic M, Montorsi M, Marmiroli N. Meta-Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:3-30. [PMID: 33337011 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maestri
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Pavlicevic
- Inst. for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michela Montorsi
- Dept. of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open Univ., Via F. Daverio 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy.,Inst. of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
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27
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Kondrashina A, Bruen C, McGrath B, Murray B, McCarthy T, Schellekens H, Buzoianu S, Cryan JF, Kelly AL, McSweeney PL, Lawlor P, Giblin L. Satiating effect of a sodium caseinate hydrolysate and its fate in the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Dalziel J, Smolenski G, McKenzie C, Haines S, Day L. Differential effects of sheep and cow skim milk before and after fermentation on gastrointestinal transit of solids in a rat model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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29
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Nongonierma AB, Dellafiora L, Paolella S, Galaverna G, Cozzini P, FitzGerald RJ. In Silico Approaches Applied to the Study of Peptide Analogs of Ile-Pro-Ile in Relation to Their Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Properties. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:329. [PMID: 29963014 PMCID: PMC6010526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) may be exploited to maintain the incretin effect during the postprandial phase. As a result, glycemic regulation and energy homeostasis may be improved. Food protein-derived peptides have been identified as natural agents capable of inhibiting DPP-IV. Ile-Pro-Ile is the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide identified to date. A minimum analog peptide set approach was used to study peptide analogs of Ile-Pro-Ile. The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 ± 1.0 µM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 ± 32.7 µM (Phe-Pro-Phe). The presence of Pro at position 2 of tripeptides was required to achieve high DPP-IV inhibition. Most peptides behaved as competitive inhibitors of DPP-IV with the exception of peptides with a N-terminal Trp, which were mixed-type inhibitors. While possessing the structure of preferred DPP-IV substrates, most peptides studied were particularly stable during 30 min incubation with DPP-IV. Molecular docking revealed that Ile-Pro-Ile and its peptide analogs interacted in a very similar manner with the active site of DPP-IV. In addition, no correlation was found between the Hydropathic INTeraction score and the DPP-IV IC50 values of the peptides studied. This outcome suggests that free energy may not be directly responsible for enzyme inhibition by the peptides. Finally, novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were identified using the strategy employed herein. These results may be relevant for the development of food protein-derived peptides with serum glucose lowering and food intake regulatory properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B. Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Sara Paolella
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Pietro Cozzini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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30
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Anti-Hypertensive Peptides Derived from Caseins: Mechanism of Physiological Action, Production Bioprocesses, and Challenges for Food Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:884-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Protein and Peptides for Elderly Health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:265-308. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Enhancing bioactive peptide release and identification using targeted enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:3407-3423. [PMID: 29260283 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Milk proteins have been extensively studied for their ability to yield a range of bioactive peptides following enzymatic hydrolysis/digestion. However, many hurdles still exist regarding the widespread utilization of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides as health enhancing agents for humans. These mostly arise from the fact that most milk protein-derived bioactive peptides are not highly potent. In addition, they may be degraded during gastrointestinal digestion and/or have a low intestinal permeability. The targeted release of bioactive peptides during the enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins may allow the generation of particularly potent bioactive hydrolysates and peptides. Therefore, the development of milk protein hydrolysates capable of improving human health requires, in the first instance, optimized targeted release of specific bioactive peptides. The targeted hydrolysis of milk proteins has been aided by a range of in silico tools. These include peptide cutters and predictive modeling linking bioactivity to peptide structure [i.e., molecular docking, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR)], or hydrolysis parameters [design of experiments (DOE)]. Different targeted enzymatic release strategies employed during the generation of milk protein hydrolysates are reviewed herein and their limitations are outlined. In addition, specific examples are provided to demonstrate how in silico tools may help in the identification and discovery of potent milk protein-derived peptides. It is anticipated that the development of novel strategies employing a range of in silico tools may help in the generation of milk protein hydrolysates containing potent and bioavailable peptides, which in turn may be used to validate their health promoting effects in humans. Graphical abstract The targeted enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins may allow the generation of highly potent and bioavailable bioactive peptides.
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Dalziel JE, Young W, McKenzie CM, Haggarty NW, Roy NC. Gastric Emptying and Gastrointestinal Transit Compared among Native and Hydrolyzed Whey and Casein Milk Proteins in an Aged Rat Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121351. [PMID: 29236034 PMCID: PMC5748801 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how milk proteins affect gastrointestinal (GI) transit, particularly for the elderly, in whom digestion has been observed to be slowed. We tested the hypothesis that GI transit is faster for whey than for casein and that this effect is accentuated with hydrolysates, similar to soy. Adult male rats (18 months old) were fed native whey or casein, hydrolyzed whey (WPH) or casein (CPH), hydrolyzed blend (HB; 60% whey:40% casein), or hydrolyzed soy for 14 days then treated with loperamide, prucalopride, or vehicle-control for 7 days. X-ray imaging tracked bead-transit for: gastric emptying (GE; 4 h), small intestine (SI) transit (9 h), and large intestine (LI) transit (12 h). GE for whey was 33 ± 12% faster than that for either casein or CPH. SI transit was decreased by 37 ± 9% for casein and 24 ± 6% for whey compared with hydrolyzed soy, and persisted for casein at 12 h. Although CPH and WPH did not alter transit compared with their respective intact counterparts, fecal output was increased by WPH. Slowed transit by casein was reversed by prucalopride (9-h), but not loperamide. However, rapid GE and slower SI transit for the HB compared with intact forms were inhibited by loperamide. The expected slower GI transit for casein relative to soy provided a comparative benchmark, and opioid receptor involvement was corroborated. Our findings provide new evidence that whey slowed SI transit compared with soy, independent of GE. Increased GI transit from stomach to colon for the HB compared with casein suggests that including hydrolyzed milk proteins in foods may benefit those with slowed intestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Dalziel
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Wayne Young
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Catherine M McKenzie
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Neill W Haggarty
- Fonterra Co-Operative Group, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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34
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Strategies for the discovery and identification of food protein-derived biologically active peptides. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Masotti F, Cattaneo S, Stuknytė M, De Noni I. Assessment of casein phosphopeptide profile in in vitro digestates of Trentingrana PDO cheese. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Sanchón J, Fernández-Tomé S, Miralles B, Hernández-Ledesma B, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Recio I. Protein degradation and peptide release from milk proteins in human jejunum. Comparison with in vitro gastrointestinal simulation. Food Chem 2017; 239:486-494. [PMID: 28873595 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human jejunal digests after oral ingestion of casein and whey protein were collected by a nasogastric tube and protein degradation and peptide release was compared with that found in the digests of the same substrates using a standardised protocol. No intact casein was detected in the jejunal nor in the in vitro samples taken during the intestinal phase, while β-lactoglobulin was found in one hour-jejunal samples in agreement with the in vitro digestion. In vivo and in vitro digests showed comparable peptide profiles and high number of common sequences. A selective precipitation step was used to strengthen the identification of phosphorylated peptides. Most of the sequences found in jejunum, some of them not previously described, were also identified in the simulated digests. Common resistant regions to digestion were identified, revealing that the in vitro protocol constitutes a good approximation to the physiological gastrointestinal digestion of milk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanchón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fernández-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Tomé
- AgroParisTech_UMR0914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Gaudichon
- AgroParisTech_UMR0914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I Recio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Madadlou A, Abbaspourrad A. Bioactive whey peptide particles: An emerging class of nutraceutical carriers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1468-1477. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1264064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Madadlou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Fernández-Tomé S, Martínez-Maqueda D, Tabernero M, Largo C, Recio I, Miralles B. Effect of the long-term intake of a casein hydrolysate on mucin secretion and gene expression in the rat intestine. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Micro- and nano bio-based delivery systems for food applications: In vitro behavior. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 243:23-45. [PMID: 28395856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoencapsulation is an emerging technology in the food field that potentially allows the improvement of food quality and human health. Bio-based delivery systems of bioactive compounds have a wide variety of morphologies that influence their stability and functional performance. The incorporation of bioactive compounds in food products using micro- and nano-delivery systems may offer extra health benefits, beyond basic nutrition, once their encapsulation may provide protection against undesired environmental conditions (e.g., heat, light and oxygen) along the food chain (including processing and storage), thus improving their bioavailability, while enabling their controlled release and target delivery. This review provides an overview of the bio-based materials currently used for encapsulation of bioactive compounds intended for food applications, as well as the main production techniques employed in the development of micro- and nanosystems. The behavior of such systems and of bioactive compounds entrapped into, throughout in vitro gastrointestinal systems, is also tracked in a critical manner. Comparisons between various in vitro digestion systems (including the main advantages and disadvantages) currently in use, as well as correlations between the behavior of micro- and nanosystems studied through in vitro and in vivo systems were highlighted and discussed here for the first time. Finally, examples of bioactive micro- and nanosystems added to food simulants or to real food matrices are provided, together with a revision of the main challenges for their safe commercialization, the regulatory issues involved and the main legislation aspects.
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Bovine milk antioxidant properties: effect of in vitro digestion and identification of antioxidant compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-016-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Structure activity relationship modelling of milk protein-derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. Peptides 2016; 79:1-7. [PMID: 26988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure activity type models were developed in an attempt to predict the key features of peptide sequences having dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. The models were then employed to help predict the potential of peptides, which are currently reported in the literature to be present in the intestinal tract of humans following milk/dairy product ingestion, to act as inhibitors of DPP-IV. Two models (z- and v-scale) for short (2-5 amino acid residues) bovine milk peptides, behaving as competitive inhibitors of DPP-IV, were developed. The z- and the v-scale models (p<0.05, R(2) of 0.829 and 0.815, respectively) were then applied to 56 milk protein-derived peptides previously reported in the literature to be found in the intestinal tract of humans which possessed a structural feature of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (P at the N2 position). Ten of these peptides were synthetized and tested for their in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory properties. There was no agreement between the predicted and experimentally determined DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the competitive peptide inhibitors. However, the ranking for DPP-IV inhibitory potency of the competitive peptide inhibitors was conserved. Furthermore, potent in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory activity was observed with two peptides, LPVPQ (IC50=43.8±8.8μM) and IPM (IC50=69.5±8.7μM). Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP-IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Bioavailability of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides: a glycaemic management perspective. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:91-101. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMilk protein-derived peptides have been reported to have potential benefits for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, what the active components are and whether intact peptides exert this bioactivity has received little investigation in human subjects. Furthermore, potentially useful bioactive peptides can be limited by low bioavailability. Various peptides have been identified in the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream after milk-protein ingestion, providing valuable insights into their potential bioavailability. However, these studies are currently limited and the structure and sequence of milk peptides exerting bioactivity for glycaemic management has received little investigation in human subjects. The present article reviews the bioavailability of milk protein-derived peptides in human studies to date, and examines the evidence on milk proteins and glycaemic management, including potential mechanisms of action. Areas in need of advancement are identified. Only by establishing the bioavailability of milk protein-derived peptides, the active components and the mechanistic pathways involved can the benefits of milk proteins for the prevention or management of type 2 diabetes be fully realised in future.
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