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Ma M. Current scenario of pyrazole hybrids with anti-breast cancer therapeutic applications. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400344. [PMID: 38943440 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally, but current therapy is restricted to the serious adverse effects and multidrug resistance, necessitating the exploration of novel, safe, and efficient anti-breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Pyrazoles exhibit excellent potential for utilization as effective anti-breast cancer agents due to their ability to act on various biological targets. Particularly, pyrazole hybrids demonstrated the advantage of targeting multiple pathways, and some of them, which are exemplified by larotrectinib (pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrid), can be applied for breast cancer therapy. Thus, pyrazole hybrids hold great promise as useful therapeutic interventions for breast cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current scenario of pyrazole hybrids with in vitro and/or in vivo anti-breast cancer potential, along with the modes of action and structure-activity relationships, covering articles published from 2020 to the present, to streamline the development of rational, effective and safe anti-breast cancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Alam A, Gul S, Zainab, Khan M, Elhenawy AA, Islam MS, Ali M, Ali Shah SA, Latif A, Ahmad M. Synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone derivatives as potent PDE-1 and -3 inhibitors: in vitro and in silico insights. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1185-1203. [PMID: 38989989 PMCID: PMC11382721 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2342707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Synthesis of novel bis-Schiff bases having potent inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase (PDE-1 and -3) enzymes, potentially offering therapeutic implications for various conditions. Methods: Bis-Schiff bases were synthesized by refluxing 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone with hydrazine hydrate, followed by treatment of substituted aldehydes with the resulting hydrazone to obtain the product compounds. After structural confirmation, the compounds were screened for their in vitro PDE-1 and -3 inhibitory activities. Results: The prepared compounds exhibited noteworthy inhibitory efficacy against PDE-1 and -3 enzymes by comparing with suramin standard. To clarify the binding interactions between the drugs, PDE-1 and -3 active sites, molecular docking studies were carried out. Conclusion: The potent compounds discovered in this study may be good candidates for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Sana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Zainab
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam,Selangor D. E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Pakistan
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Naglah AM, Almehizia AA, Al-Wasidi AS, Alharbi AS, Alqarni MH, Hassan AS, Aboulthana WM. Exploring the Potential Biological Activities of Pyrazole-Based Schiff Bases as Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Alzheimer's, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Agents: In Vitro Studies with Computational Predictions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:655. [PMID: 38794225 PMCID: PMC11125359 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this innovative research, we aim to reveal pyrazole-based Schiff bases as new multi-target agents. In this context, we re-synthesized three sets of pyrazole-based Schiff bases, 5a-f, 6a-f, and 7a-f, to evaluate their biological applications. The data from in vitro biological assays (including antioxidant and scavenging activities, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer's, and anti-inflammatory properties) of the pyrazole-based Schiff bases 5a-f, 6a-f, and 7a-f showed that the six pyrazole-based Schiff bases 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, 7a, and 7f possess the highest biological properties among the compounds evaluated. The cytotoxicity against lung (A549) and colon (Caco-2) human cancer types, as well as normal lung (WI-38) cell lines, was evaluated. The data from the cytotoxicity investigation demonstrated that the three Schiff bases 5d, 5e, and 7a are active against lung (A549) cells, while the two Schiff bases 5e and 7a exhibited the highest cytotoxicity towards colon (Caco-2) cells. Additionally, the enzymatic activities against caspase-3 and Bcl-2 of the six pyrazole-based Schiff bases 5a, 5d, 5e, 5f, 7a, and 7f were evaluated. Furthermore, we assessed the in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity (ADMT) properties of the more potent pyrazole-based Schiff bases. After modifying the structures of the six pyrazole-based Schiff bases, we plan to further extend the studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Naglah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asma S. Al-Wasidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amirah Senaitan Alharbi
- King Khalid Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf S. Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt;
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Almehizia AA, Aboulthana WM, Naglah AM, Hassan AS. In vitro biological studies and computational prediction-based analyses of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8397-8408. [PMID: 38476172 PMCID: PMC10928850 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new pharmaceutical discoveries from bioactive nitrogenous derivatives due to the emergence of scourges, numerous pandemics, and diverse health problems. In this context, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 12a and 12b were synthesized and screened to evaluate their biological potentials in vitro as antioxidants, anti-diabetics, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritics, and anti-cancer agents. Additionally, the computational pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the two pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 12a and 12b were calculated and analyzed. The preliminary studies and results of this work represent the initial steps toward more advanced studies and define the bioactive chemical structure of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives with the goal of exploring new drugs to address numerous health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki 12662 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
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5
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Hossan A, Alsahag M, Alisaac A, Bamaga MA, Alalawy AI, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of new 4-aminothiophene and thienopyrimidine compounds. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2023.2164993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hossan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Alsahag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alisaac
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A. Bamaga
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques Institute of Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel I. Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Rani P, Chahal S, Kumar R, Mayank, Kumar P, Negi A, Singh R, Kumar S, Kataria R, Joshi G, Sindhu J. Electro-organic synthesis of C-5 sulfenylated amino uracils: Optimization and exploring topoisomerase-I based anti-cancer profile. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106660. [PMID: 37320914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is spreading worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death. The use of existing chemotherapeutic agents is frequently limited due to side effects. As a result, it is critical to investigate new agents for cancer treatment. In this context, we developed an electrochemical method for the synthesis of a series of thiol-linked pyrimidine derivatives (3a-3p) and explored their anti-cancer potential. The biological profile of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against breast (MDAMB-231 and MCF-7) and colorectal (HCT-116) cancer cell lines. 3b and 3d emerged to be the most potent agents, with IC50 values ranging between 0.98 to 2.45 µM. Target delineation studies followed by secondary anticancer parameters were evaluated for most potent compounds, 3b and 3d. The analysis revealed compounds possess DNA intercalation potential and selective inhibition towards human topoisomerase (hTopo1). The analysis was further corroborated by DNA binding studies and in silico-based molecular modeling studies that validated the intercalating binding mode between the compounds and the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sandhya Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Mayank
- Institut interdisciplinaire d'innovation technologique - 3IT USherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar-246174, Dist. Garhwal, (Uttarakhand), India; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Bell Road, Clement Town Dehradun, Uttarakhand- 248002.
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
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Hassan AS, Morsy NM, Aboulthana WM, Ragab A. Exploring novel derivatives of isatin-based Schiff bases as multi-target agents: design, synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, and in silico ADMET analysis with molecular modeling simulations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9281-9303. [PMID: 36950709 PMCID: PMC10026821 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, scientists developed a powerful strategy called "one drug-multiple targets" to discover vital and unique therapies to fight the most challenging diseases. Novel derivatives of isatin-based Schiff bases 2-7 have been synthesized by the reaction of 3-hydrazino-isatin (1) with aryl aldehydes, hetero-aryl aldehydes, and dialdehydes. The structure of the synthesized derivatives was proved by physical and spectral analysis. Additionally, in vitro biological studies were performed, including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic activities. The four derivatives 3b, 5a, 5b, and 5c possess the highest activities. Among the four potent derivatives, compound 5a exhibited the highest antioxidant (TAC = 68.02 ± 0.15 mg gallic acid per g; IRP = 50.39 ± 0.11) and scavenging activities (ABTS = 53.98 ± 0.12% and DPPH = 8.65 ± 0.02 μg mL-1). Furthermore, compound 5a exhibited an α-amylase inhibitory percentage of 57.64 ± 0.13% near the acarbose (ACA = 69.11 ± 0.15%) and displayed inhibitor activity of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme = 36.38 ± 0.08%. Moreover, our work extended to determining the anti-arthritic effect, and compound 5a revealed good inhibitor activities with very close values for proteinase denaturation (PDI) = 39.59 ± 0.09% and proteinase inhibition (PI) = 36.39 ± 0.08%, compared to diclofenac sodium PDI = 49.33 ± 0.11% and PI = 41.88 ± 0.09%. Additionally, the quantum chemical calculations, including HOMO, LUMO, and energy band gap were determined, and in silico ADMET properties were predicted, and their probability was recorded. Finally, molecular docking simulations were performed inside α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Nesrin M Morsy
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Wael M Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City Cairo 11884 Egypt
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Hassan AS, Morsy NM, Aboulthana WM, Ragab A. In vitro enzymatic evaluation of some pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives: Design, synthesis, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic activities with molecular modeling simulation. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:3-24. [PMID: 36380556 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of utilizing nitrogen compounds in various biological applications has recently emerged as a powerful approach to exploring novel classes of therapeutics to face the challenge of diseases. A series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based compounds 3a-l and 5a-f were prepared by the direct cyclo-condensation reaction of 5-amino-1H-pyrazoles 1a, b with 2-(arylidene)malononitriles and 3-(dimethylamino)-1-aryl-prop-2-en-1-ones, respectively. The structures of the new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds were confirmed via spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro biological activities of all pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 3a-l and 5a-f were evaluated by assaying total antioxidant capacity, iron-reducing power, the scavenging activity against 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic biological activities. All compounds displayed good to potent bioactivity, and three compounds 3g, 3h, and 3l displayed the most active derivatives. Among these derivatives, compound 3l exhibited the highest antioxidant (total antioxidant capacity [TAC] = 83.09 mg gallic acid/g; iron-reducing power [IRP] = 47.93 µg/ml) and free radicals scavenging activities with (DPPH = 18.77 µg/ml; ABTS = 40.44%) compared with ascorbic acid (DPPH = 4.28 µg/ml; ABTS = 38.84%). Furthermore, compound 3l demonstrated the strongest inhibition of α-amylase with a percent inhibition of 72.91 ± 0.14 compared to acarbose = 67.92 ± 0.09%. Similarly, it displayed acetylcholinesterase inhibition of 62.80 ± 0.06%. However, compound 3i showed a significantly higher inhibition percentage for protein denaturation and proteinase at 20.66 ± 0.00 and 26.42 ± 0.06%, respectively. Additionally, some in silico ADMET properties were predicted and studied. Finally, molecular docking simulation was performed inside the active site of α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase to study their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrin M Morsy
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael M Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Dehghani FS, Kalantari R, Rastegari B, Asadi Z. Water-soluble nickel (II) Schiff base complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, DNA binding affinity, DNA cleavage, cytotoxicity, and computational studies. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 42:234-261. [PMID: 36106987 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble nickel (II) Schiff base complexes were prepared and their interaction with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) was investigated by various methods including UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and viscometric measurements. Complex 1: [N,N'-bis{5-[(triphenyl phosphonium chloride)-methyl] salicylidine}-3,4-diaminobenzophenone]nickel(II) perchloride dihydrate: [Ni(5-CH2PPh3-3,4-salophen)] (ClO4)2.2 H2O was synthesized as a new complex and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Complex 2: sodium [(N,N'-bis(5-sulfosalicyliden)-3, 4-diaminobenzophenone)aqua] nickel(II) hydrate: Na2[Ni (5-SO3-3,4-salbenz)(H2O)]. H2O was already synthesized by our research team, but in this study, its function as a DNA-binding compound was tested, and compared with the results of complex 1-DNA binding. The calculation of different constants using absorption and emission data, all confirmed the stronger binding ability of complex 1 than complex 2 with DNA. Different thermodynamic parameters showed the interactions between DNA and complexes were the type of hydrophobic interaction for complex 1 and electrostatic interaction for complex 2. Also, the negative values of free energy changes proved a spontaneous DNA binding process. Based on cell toxicity assay against two different cell lines including Jurkat and MCF-7, the effect of complex 1 was comparable to cisplatin, and the toxicity mechanism was further justified by bright field microscopy, flow cytometry, and cleavage of DNA in the presence of H2O2. Besides, the docking calculations suggested intercalation after measuring the lowest-energy between the complexes and DNA. For both complexes, all analytical, spectroscopic, and molecular modeling methods supported partial intercalation as the main binding mode between the complexes and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Kalantari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Hassan AS, Morsy NM, Awad HM, Ragab A. Synthesis, molecular docking, and in silico ADME prediction of some fused pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Schiff Bases: Interesting Scaffolds with Promising Antitumoral Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff, are highly reactive organic compounds broadly used as pigments and dyes, catalysts, intermediates in organic synthesis, and polymer stabilizers. Lots of Schiff bases are described in the literature for various biological activities, including antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral. Schiff bases are also known for their ability to form complexes with several metals. Very often, complexes of Schiff bases with metals and Schiff bases alone have demonstrated interesting antitumor activity. Given the innumerable vastness of data regarding antitumor activity of all these compounds, we focused our attention on mono- and bis-Schiff bases alone as antitumor agents. We will highlight the most significant examples of compounds belonging to this class reported in the literature.
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