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Campos P, Resende MM, Fradique AR, Neves N, Lemos SG, Rodrigues F. Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis in a Healthy 3-Year-Old Child. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:167-170. [PMID: 37804140 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231204482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Campos
- Department of Paediatrics, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Rita Fradique
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson Neves
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gaspar Lemos
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Lilley D, Munthali P. Analysis of the management of ventriculitis cases at a UK neurosurgery centre. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 4:100240. [PMID: 36060478 PMCID: PMC9437802 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Kaneko S, Hatasaki K, Ueno K, Fujita S, Igarashi N, Kuroda M, Wada T. One-year-old boy with refractory Listeria monocytogenes meningitis due to persistent hypercytokinemia. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1682-1686. [PMID: 36067911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We had a case of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) meningitis complicated with hypercytokinemia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a healthy 22-month-old boy. He was admitted to our hospital with a fever, vomiting, mild consciousness disturbances, and extraocular muscle paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral deep white matter lesions. After receiving ampicillin, meropenem, and gentamicin, his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results turned negative on the third day of hospitalization. However, the fever intermittently persisted, and it took approximately 40 days to completely resolve. During this period, various inflammatory cytokine levels, particularly neopterin, in the blood and CSF remained elevated. Therefore, long-term administration of corticosteroids in addition to antibiotics was required. The use of dexamethasone appeared to be effective for neurological disorders such as consciousness disturbance and extraocular muscle paralysis associated with abnormal brain MRI findings. LM meningitis may present with encephalopathy and persistent fever due to hypercytokinemia. In such cases, corticosteroid therapy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Hatasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noboru Igarashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mondo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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4
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Mo T, Wu F, Dou X, Wang D, Xia H, Li X. A Retrospective Study of Rare Listeria Meningoencephalitis in Immunocompetent Children in China. Front Neurol 2022; 13:827145. [PMID: 35309567 PMCID: PMC8924113 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.827145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Listeria meningoencephalitis (LMM) is very rare in healthy children. We aimed to assess the clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes of LMM in immunocompetent children through a retrospective study. Methods The clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features, antibiotic use, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) results of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from immunocompetent children who were diagnosed with LMM and admitted to the Xi'an Children's Hospital from May 2018 to July 2020. Results The data from 8 immunocompetent children were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The cohort included data from 5 males and 3 females who were aged from 1 year and 7 months to 16 years and 6 months. A total of 4 patients had chilled food before onset. The complications included hyponatremia (3/8), hydrocephalus (2/8), and hemophagocytic syndrome (1/8). In total, 8 patients were diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes by positive CSF culture or mNGS results. The positive rate of CSF culture was 62.5% (5/8). A total of 5 patients conducted CSF mNGS, and the results of the mNGS were positive in 4 patients (80%, 4/5) and suspected in 1 patient. A total of 7 patients changed their therapeutic regimen to combined antibacterial therapies that included linezolid and meropenem (5/8), or ampicillin and meropenem (2/8). A total of 5 patients had favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOSE = 5) while two patients had unfavorable outcomes (GOSE = 1) and were complicated with hyponatremia and hydrocephalus. Conclusions Listeria meningoencephalitis (LMM) can occur in children with normal immune function and is commonly mistaken for other central nervous system infections. L. monocytogenes can be quickly and accurately detected by mNGS. Hyponatremia and hydrocephalus may indicate unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangjun Dou
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Han Xia
- Department of Scientific Affaires, Hugobiotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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5
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Domínguez-Rojas JA, Caqui P, Sanchez A, Coronado Munoz AJ. Methylene blue for the treatment of refractory septic shock secondary to listeriosis in a paediatric patient. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e243772. [PMID: 35228212 PMCID: PMC8886372 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies frequently used for refractory septic shock include hydrocortisone, vasopressin, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, inodilators, levosimendan and methylene blue. The evidence for these treatments is very limited. We present a case of a 5-year-old patient with refractory septic shock, secondary to Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. She presented with status epilepticus and developed septic shock. Shock persisted despite multiple high-dose vasoactive medications. ECMO support was not available. The medical team decided to use methylene blue to revert the vasoplegia, with excellent results. Shortly after the administration, vasopressors were weaned off and the high lactate cleared. She developed severe neurological sequelae due to brain haemorrhage secondary to the Listeria meningitis. The evidence supporting methylene blue for refractory septic shock in paediatric patients is limited. This case represents the effectiveness of this therapy without secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Angel Domínguez-Rojas
- Deparment of Pediatrics, National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
- Deparment of Critical Care, Instituto Nacional De Salud Del Niño Breña, Lima, Peru
| | - Patrick Caqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue, Lima, Peru
| | - Abel Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue, Lima, Peru
| | - Alvaro J Coronado Munoz
- Deparment of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Brisca G, La Valle A, Campanello C, Pacetti M, Severino M, Losurdo G, Palmieri A, Buffoni I, Renna S. Listeria meningitis complicated by hydrocephalus in an immunocompetent child: case report and review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:111. [PMID: 32741364 PMCID: PMC7397632 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacteria transmitted to human by animal stools, contaminated water and food. In children, Listeria monocytogenes typically affects newborns and immunocompromised patients often leading to invasive syndromes including sepsis, brain abscesses, meningitis, meningoencephalitis and rhombencephalitis. In healthy and immunocompetent children, Listeria meningitis is rare, but can progress rapidly and may be associated with severe complications (hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, cranial nerves palsy and cerebrospinal abscesses) and high mortality rate. Case presentation We describe a very uncommon case of meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes in a 11-month-old immunocompetent girl. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive on the second day. Antibiotic therapy was promptly started but the disease was complicated by neurological deterioration and decompensated hydrocephalus. The child required a very demanding pediatric and neurosurgical management and was discharged after 40 days without major sequelae. Conclusion Listeria is difficult to isolate and it is not susceptible to first-line treatment for bacterial meningitis with extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Early recognition is therefore crucial for a positive outcome. Pediatricians have to perform close clinical monitoring of these children and be aware of possible complications. A review of all cases of Listeria meningitis complicated by hydrocephalus in healthy children has been performed, to provide an overview on clinical features, treatment options and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Brisca
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alberto La Valle
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanello
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mattia Pacetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Palmieri
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Buffoni
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Renna
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
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Vissing NH, Kristensen K, Mønster MB, Møller FT, Knudsen JD, Poulsen A, Ethelberg S, Nygaard U. Listeria Meningitis in Danish Children 2000-2017: A Rare Event Even in a Country With High Rates of Invasive Listeriosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:e274-e276. [PMID: 31107421 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in Danish children 1 month to 17 years from 2000 to 2017 was identified and patient files reviewed. There were 5 cases, equaling an annual incidence of 0.024 per 100,000 children or 0.014 when excluding 2 immunodeficient children. Even in a country with a high general incidence of listeriosis, Listeria meningitis is a rare event in healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Hawwa Vissing
- From the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Kristensen
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mette Bondo Mønster
- From the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Trier Møller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenny Dahl Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anja Poulsen
- From the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrikka Nygaard
- From the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Alao MA, Maroushek S, Slusher TM, Joseph A, Gbadero DA. A Case Report of Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis in a Child With Hyper-IgM Syndrome in a Resource-Limited Setting. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19835571. [PMID: 31384625 PMCID: PMC6657115 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19835571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abel Alao
- Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Michael Abel Alao, Department of Paediatrics, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Box 15, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Stacene Maroushek
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tina M. Slusher
- Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adejoke Joseph
- Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Adedosu Gbadero
- Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, motile bacillus widely spread in the environment. However, clinical infection in humans is uncommon. The route of infection is often through ingestion of raw vegetables, meat and unpasteurised dairy products. Listeria is an uncommon cause of meningitis in immunocompetent individuals, but it should be considered strongly in neonates and the elderly, and it should also be considered in those with impaired cell-mediated immunity. 1 , 2 Only a few case reports of invasive listeriosis in humans have been reported from India. 3 - 8 In our case, a 13-year-old previously healthy boy was thus diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Gulla
- 1 Fellow, Pediatric ICU, Institute of Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhiren Gupta
- 2 Consultant, Pediatric ICU, Institute of Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Sachdev
- 3 Director, Pediatric ICU, Institute of Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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10
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Liang JJ, He XY, Ye H. Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes with hydrocephalus and intracranial hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:538-547. [PMID: 30842967 PMCID: PMC6397815 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i4.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), a Gram-positive facultatively intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of human listeriosis. Listeria infection is usually found in immunocompromised patients, including elderly people, pregnant women, and newborns, whereas it is rare in healthy people. L. monocytogenes may cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and some very rare and severe complications, such as hydrocephalus and intracranial hemorrhage, which cause high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Up to now, reports on hydrocephalus and intracranial hemorrhage due to L. monocytogenes are few.
CASE SUMMARY We herein report a case of rhombencephalitis caused by L. monocytogenes in a 29-year-old man. He was admitted to the hospital with a 2-d history of headache and fever. He consumed unpasteurized cooked beef two days before appearance. His medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus, and contaminated beef intake 2 d before onset. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed Gram-positive rod infection, and blood culture was positive for L. monocytogenes. Magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested rhombencephalitis and hydrocephalus. Treatment was started empirically and then modified according to the blood culture results. Repeated CT images were suggestive of intracranial hemorrhage. Although the patient underwent aggressive external ventricular drainage, he died of a continuing deterioration of intracranial conditions.
CONCLUSION Hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, and inappropriate antimicrobial treatment are the determinations of unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Liang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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11
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Castellazzi ML, Marchisio P, Bosis S. Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in immunocompetent and healthy children: a case report and a review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:152. [PMID: 30594251 PMCID: PMC6311039 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacteria generally transmitted to humans through ingestion of contaminated food. It typically infects high risk subjects, such as pregnant women, neonates, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Listeria meningitis is rarely reported in previously healthy children with no immunological disorders. However, it can be aggressive in such subjects and is associated with a high mortality rate. Prompt diagnosis is essential so that adequate antibiotic treatment can be started and the best outcome achieved. Case presentation We report the case of a previously healthy 16-month-old child with Listeria meningitis who was successfully treated with intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin without any sequelae. Conclusions Although Listeria meningitis is rare in previously healthy immunocompetent children, it must be considered, especially in children who do not improve with first-line antibiotic treatment. A review of the literature published since 1996 has been performed, to provide a general overview on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Luca Castellazzi
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Bosis
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Shimbo A, Takasawa K, Nishioka M, Morio T, Shimohira M. Complications of Listeria meningitis in two immunocompetent children. Pediatr Int 2018; 60:491-492. [PMID: 29878630 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asami Shimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center, Kawaguchi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nishioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimohira
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center, Kawaguchi, Japan
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13
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Villa G, Diana MC, Solari N, Bandettini R, Sorrentino S, Loy A, Losurdo G, Renna S. Listeria Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Child. Pediatr Emerg Care 2017; 33:579-581. [PMID: 27055168 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative anerobic, gram-positive bacillus that is isolated from the soil, vegetables, and wild or domestic animals. Listeria infection is usually found in the older adults, immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and newborns, whereas it is rare in healthy infants and children. Listeria monocytogenes may cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis, brain abscess, pyogenic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and liver abscess in children. The course of meningoencephalitis by Listeria is often severe and even fatal. Complications such as acute hydrocephalus, brain abscess, and spine abscess can develop, and the mortality associated with listeriosis is significantly high. We present a case of a previously healthy 7-year-old boy who developed Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Villa
- From the *Emergency Department of Paediatrics, Departments of †Clinical Pathology and Microbiology and ‡Hematology and Oncology, and §Infectious Diseases Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Management of adult infectious encephalitis in metropolitan France. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:206-220. [PMID: 28336304 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious encephalitis is a severe disease leading to a high mortality and morbidity. The most frequent causes include Herpes simplex virus, Varicella Zoster virus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Urgent treatment is required (anti-infective therapy and nonspecific supportive care). The aim of this study was to define treatment strategy, empirical and after microbiological documentation at 48hours, through a systematic literature review.
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15
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Maertens De Noordhout C, Devleesschauwer B, Maertens De Noordhout A, Blocher J, Haagsma JA, Havelaar AH, Speybroeck N. Comorbidities and factors associated with central nervous system infections and death in non-perinatal listeriosis: a clinical case series. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:256. [PMID: 27267465 PMCID: PMC4897813 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeriosis is a rare disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and mainly affects at risk people. Listeriosis can lead to sepsis, central nervous system (CNS) infections and death. The objectives of this study were to describe and quantify comorbidities and neurological sequelae underlying non-perinatal listeriosis cases and to describe the factors associated with death and CNS infections in non-perinatal listeriosis. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data through computerized, paper or microfilmed medical records in two Belgian university hospitals. Logistic regression models and likelihood ratio tests allowed identifying factors associated with death and CNS infections. Results Sixty-four cases of non-perinatal listeriosis were included in the clinical case series and 84 % were affected by at least one comorbid condition. The main comorbidities were cancer, renal and severe cardio-vascular diseases. Twenty-nine patients (45 %) suffered from a CNS infection and 14 patients (22 %) died during hospitalization, among whom six (43 %) had a CNS involvement. Among surviving patients, eleven suffered from neurological sequelae (22 %) at hospital discharge; all had CNS infection. Five of these patients (45 %) still suffered of their neurological sequelae after a median follow-up of one year (range: 0.08–19). The factor associated with death during the hospitalization was the presence of a severe cardiovascular disease (OR = 4.72, p = 0.015). Two factors inversely related with CNS infections were antibiotic monotherapy (OR = 0.28, p = 0.04) and the presence of renal disease (OR = 0.18, p = 0.02). Conclusions In a public health context these results could be a starting point for future burden of listeriosis studies taking into account comorbidity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1602-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maertens De Noordhout
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30 bte B1.30.15, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
| | - B Devleesschauwer
- Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - J Blocher
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J A Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Havelaar
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Speybroeck
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30 bte B1.30.15, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
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An unusual presentation of paediatric Listeria meningitis with selective spinal grey matter involvement and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:196-9. [PMID: 26371981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric Listeria meningitis is rare, especially in immuno-competent children, but associated with significant mortality and morbidity and frequent complications. METHODS We report an unusual case of Listeria meningitis in a previously healthy 35 month-old girl with selective spinal grey matter involvement and demyelination in neurophysiological studies. Despite adequate antibiotic treatment, the case was initially complicated by ventriculitis, hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum, requiring external ventricular drainage and subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Paucity of movements, hypotonia, areflexia and bladder dysfunction then became evident. RESULTS Electromyogram and nerve conduction studies showed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and the patient received intravenous immunoglobulin followed by corticosteroids. MRI scans with contrast revealed extensive whole cord selective grey matter signal changes. She required extensive neurorehabilitation, making gradual (but incomplete) recovery. CONCLUSION Spinal cord involvement is rare in neuro-listeriosis and there no previous paediatric reports of Listeria-related myelitis or demyelinating polyneuropathy. The mechanism behind these presentations is unclear but an auto-immune response to the infection might be considered.
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Schwerk C, Tenenbaum T, Kim KS, Schroten H. The choroid plexus-a multi-role player during infectious diseases of the CNS. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:80. [PMID: 25814932 PMCID: PMC4357259 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is the source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and location of the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), which is constituted by the epithelial cells of the CP. Several infectious pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites cross the BCSFB to enter the central nervous system (CNS), ultimately leading to inflammatory infectious diseases like meningitis and meningoencephalitis. The CP responds to this challenge by the production of chemokines and cytokines as well as alterations of the barrier function of the BCSFB. During the course of CNS infectious disease host immune cells enter the CNS, eventually contributing to the cellular damage caused by the disease. Additional complications, which are in certain cases caused by choroid plexitis, can arise due to the response of the CP to the pathogens. In this review we will give an overview on the multiple functions of the CP during brain infections highlighting the CP as a multi-role player during infectious diseases of the CNS. In this context the importance of tools for investigation of these CP functions and a possible suitability of the CP as therapeutic target will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwerk
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Horst Schroten
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
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Lobotková D, Dická E, Rolný V, Stankovič I, Čižnár P. Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection in a 2-year-old immunocompetent child. Infection 2014; 42:1055-9. [PMID: 25060681 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system infection and sepsis are the most frequently observed clinical presentations of listeriosis infection; however, they are rare in immunocompetent children beyond the neonatal period. In the presented case, we described gastrointestinal involvement, subacute meningitis, sinusitis and sepsis in a two-year-old previously healthy child with acute infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. We suggest that the infection was probably enhanced by an inappropriate corticosteroid treatment at the onset of the disease, while immunological testing did not confirm the primary deficiency of cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lobotková
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Children's University Hospital, Limbová 1, 833 40, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Aseptic meningoencephalitis mimicking transient ischaemic attacks. Infection 2013; 41:485-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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