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Karimi P, Sadeghi S, Kariminejad F, Sadani M, Sheikh Asadi AM, Oghazyan A, Bay A, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y. The concentration of pesticides in tomato: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103390-103404. [PMID: 37697195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve farming productivity, a large number of pesticides have been used worldwide in recent decades, leading to the pollution of soil, agri-products, and water, directly/indirectly affecting human health. In this regard, many studies were conducted in different countries on residual pesticides in the environment. In the current study, residual pesticides including chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, malathion, and metalaxyl in tomatoes were meta-analyzed and health risk of consumers was estimated. For this purpose, based on a systematic review, data from 47 studies were extracted and meta-analyzed, and the health impact of pooled concentrations was assessed via a health risk method. According to the results, metalaxyl had the most concentration followed by malathion, cypermethrin, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk (n-CR) was calculated from crop consumption also showed that exposure to malathion has the most risk. Among the investigated communities, Iranian consumers were in considerable health risk (THQ > 1). Considering that the potential for the use of pesticides will increase with the need for food in the future, hence, governments must manage the usage by governments via alternative methods such as cultural, biological, physical, and genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kariminejad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi
- Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ali Oghazyan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abotaleb Bay
- Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Hesami Arani M, Kermani M, Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaafarzadeh N, Bagheri Arani S. Pesticides residues determination and probabilistic health risk assessment in the soil and cantaloupe by Monte Carlo simulation: A case study in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol, Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115229. [PMID: 37441953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cantaloupe is a popular agricultural product in the hot season of Iran. On the other hand, the frequent use of pesticides in cantaloupe fields is the most important threat to the health of farmers and consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to measure the concentration of diazinon (DZN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and malathion (MLT) in cantaloupe cultivated in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol (Iran) and to estimate the possible oral and dermal risk of these pesticides by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). 36 cantaloupe samples, 18 samples before, and 18 samples after the latent period were collected from different places of cantaloupe cultivation from April to May 2021. After measuring the pesticides using the QuEChERS approach, oral and dermal risk assessments were calculated.The mean and standard deviation of the concentrations of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in 18 cantaloupe samples, after the latent period, were (30.39 ± 13.85), (18.361 ± 1.8), and (21.97 ± 0.86) μg kg-1, respectively. Concentration of Malathion, diazinon, and Chlorpyrifos in the soil were 0.22, 0.25, and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively, and pesticide cumulative risk assessment in soil was obtained 0.011 for Malathion, 0.05 for diazinon and 0.03 for Chlorpyrifos. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) according to the cantaloupe consumption and dermal exposure in children and adults, was safe range. Although non-cancerous dermal and oral risk of cantaloupe is low, constant exposure can be harmful. Therefore, the findings of this study play an important role in increasing the understanding of the negative health consequences of pesticide contamination in cantaloupe for consumers, especially local residents, and can help by adopting remedial strategies to reduce environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami Arani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health System Research, Deputy of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Bagheri Arani
- Advanced studies of Art, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Akosah YA, Kostennikova ZS, Lutfullin MT, Lutfullina GF, Afordoanyi DM, Vologin SG, Mardanova AM. Induced Expression of CYP51a and HK1 Genes Associated with Penconazole and Fludioxonil Resistance in the Potato Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1257. [PMID: 37317231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing antifungal resistance development and identifying pathogens with high, medium, and low risk of resistance development to a particular fungicide or fungicide class is crucial in the fight against phytopathogens. We characterized the sensitivity of potato wilt-associated Fusarium oxysporum isolates to fludioxonil and penconazole and assessed the effect of these fungicides on the expression of fungal sterol-14-α-demethylase (CYP51a) and histidine kinase (HK1) genes. Penconazole stunted the growth of F. oxysporum strains at all concentrations used. While all isolates were susceptible to this fungicide, concentrations of up to 1.0 μg/mL were insufficient to cause a 50% inhibition. At low concentrations (0.63 and 1.25 μg/mL), fludioxonil stimulated growth in F. oxysporum. With an increase in the concentration of fludioxonil, only one strain (F. oxysporum S95) exhibited moderate sensitivity to the fungicide. Interaction of F. oxysporum with penconazole and fludioxonil leads to respective elevated expressions of the CYP51a and HK1 genes, which upsurge with increasing concentration of the fungicides. The data obtained indicate that fludioxonil may no longer be suitable for potato protection and its continuous use could only lead to an increased resistance with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw A Akosah
- Department of Molecular Pathology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Zarina S Kostennikova
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Marat T Lutfullin
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Guzel F Lutfullina
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Daniel M Afordoanyi
- Department of Agrobiological Research, Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420059, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420059, Russia
| | - Semyon G Vologin
- Department of Agrochemical and Biochemical Analysis, Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420059, Russia
| | - Ayslu M Mardanova
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Synthesis of magnetic Cu/CuFe2O4@MIL-88A(Fe) nanocomposite and application to dispersive solid-phase extraction of chlorpyrifos and phosalone in water and food samples. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Elgueta S, Valenzuela M, Fuentes M, Ulloa PE, Ramos C, Correa A, Molinett S. Analysis of Multi-Pesticide Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment in Fresh Tomatoes ( Lycopersicum esculentum) from Local Supermarkets of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. TOXICS 2021; 9:249. [PMID: 34678945 PMCID: PMC8539118 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Elgueta
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (P.E.U.); (C.R.)
| | - Marcela Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile; (M.V.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcela Fuentes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile; (M.V.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Pilar E. Ulloa
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (P.E.U.); (C.R.)
| | - Cecilia Ramos
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile; (P.E.U.); (C.R.)
| | - Arturo Correa
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Platina, Santiago 8720000, Chile; (M.V.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Sebastian Molinett
- Bionanotechnology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias La Cruz, La Cruz 2280454, Chile;
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Ahmad A, Zafar A, Zargar S, Bazgaifan A, Wani TA, Ahmad M. Protective effects of apigenin against edifenphos-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9306-9317. [PMID: 33998977 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1926325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Edifenphos (EDF) is an organophosphorus pesticide with antifungal and anti-insecticidal properties. However, EDF accumulates in various agricultural products and causes potential hazards to human health. Although numerous reports have indicated EDF accumulation in agricultural products, toxic effects on cellular system is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of EDF in rat hepatocytes and its amelioration by apigenin (a dietary flavonoid). Results showed that EDF inhibited the cell viability, induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caspase-9/-3 activation in rat hepatocytes. Incubation of hepatocytes with N-acetyl cysteine (ROS scavenger) significantly abrogated the ROS generation and apoptosis caused by EDF. In addition, this study also showed that apigenin significantly suppressed the toxic effects of EDF by quenching ROS production thereby abrogating the caspase-9/-3 and apoptosis activation in hepatocytes. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that EDF induces cytotoxicity and DNA damage in hepatocytes, and apigenin can be considered as an effective dietary anti-oxidant regimen against EDF- induced toxicity in cellular system.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Bazgaifan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ramezani AM, Yamini Y, Nazraz M. Development of a convenient polypyrrole based sorbent for headspace solid phase microextraction of diazinon and chlorpyrifos. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kermani M, Dowlati M, Gholami M, Sobhi HR, Azari A, Esrafili A, Yeganeh M, Ghaffari HR. A global systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment on the quantity of Malathion, Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in Vegetables. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129382. [PMID: 33418228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that an increasing trend in the production and consumption of vegetables has led to a dramatic rise in the use of pesticides potentially threatening the health of consumers around the world. This systematic study along with meta-analysis has mainly centered on the evaluation of the quantity of three well-known pesticides namely, Malathion (MLT), Diazinon (DZN) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in vegetables. In this regard, a comprehensive literature search has been performed over the last decade (January 1, 2011 to June 21, 2020) within the scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Of 1239 articles identified through the database screening, 22 plus 37 data report were retained and included in the meta-analysis phase. Additionally, the probabilistic human health risks for the consumers due to the intake of CPF, DZN and MLT from eating vegetables were estimated by the Monte Carlo Simulated (MCS) method. According to the findings, the maximum quantities of MLT, DZN and CPF in the vegetables were observed in Pakistan (222 μg/kg, 95%CI = 214.94-229.08), Thailand (245.00, 95% CI = 235.2-254.8) and South Korea (440 μg/kg, 95% CI = 437.19-442.81), while the lowest concentration levels were reported in China (1.7 μg/kg, 95% CI = 1.56-1.84), Poland (0.57, 95% CI = 0.46-0.68) and Poland (5.78 μg/kg, 95% CI = 4.40-7.12), respectively. The results of the Egger's and the Begg's tests revealed that no bias with regard to the potential publication was observed. Finally, non-carcinogenic risk assessment results demonstrated that the exposure to the studied pesticides thorough vegetables consumption could not threaten the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Dowlati
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Azari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yeganeh
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaffari
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Mardani Z, Shakoori A, Peiravian F, Nouri L, Salamzadeh J. Development of A Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique for Evaluation of Multi-class Pesticides in Rice Samples. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:165-174. [PMID: 34400950 PMCID: PMC8170775 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113071.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a liquid chromatography coupled mass detector was set up to detect and quantify 108 pesticide residues in rice samples. QuEChERS method was applied for sample preparation and different validation parameters were determined to ensure the suitability of the method. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration 0.01-1.00 mg/kg with a coefficient of determination (R2) of more than 0.990 for all compounds. Based on signal to noise studies, the calculated LODs and LOQs were 0.005-0.060 mg/kg and 0.018-0.199 mg/kg, respectively; and acquired mean recoveries at three spiked levels (0.025, 0.200 and 0.800 mg/kg) were 72% - 117% with RSD < 20%. The developed method was used to investigate the occurrence of the studied pesticides in 65 internal and 65 foreign rice samples. The results showed that 14 internal and 15 imported samples were found to be contaminated 12 pesticides in the amounts between 0.027 mg/kg to 0.078 mg/kg and 0.031 mg/kg to 0.081 mg/kg, respectively. According to the Iranian regulations, with the exception of nine prohibited pesticides for rice production in Iran, bioallethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, flutriafol, foramsulfuron, imazalil, phosphamidon, TCMTB, and triasulfuron, three permitted pesticides, cinosulfuron, triadimenol, and tricyclazole, found in positive rice samples were below MRLs established by Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mardani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
- Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drugs Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Attaollah Shakoori
- Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drugs Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Nouri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tasca AL, Clematis D, Panizza M, Vitolo S, Puccini M. Chlorpyrifos removal: Nb/boron-doped diamond anode coupled with solid polymer electrolyte and ultrasound irradiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1391-1399. [PMID: 33312650 PMCID: PMC7721771 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide, acaricide and miticide used worldwide for the control of soil-borne insect pests. It must be considered as a substance of growing concern, given its use, toxicity, environmental occurrence, and potential for regional to long-range atmospheric transport. Considering the incomplete removal attained by conventional water treatment processes, we investigated the efficiency of electrolytic radicals production and sonoelectrolysis on the degradation of the pesticide. The treatment has been conducted in a novel electrochemical reactor, equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Different current intensity and times have been tested and coupled with sonication at 40 kHz. Up to 69% of chlorpyrifos was completely removed in 10 min by electrolysis operated at 0.1 mA, while 12.5% and 5.4% was converted into the treatment intermediates 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and diethyl (3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphate, respectively. Ultrasound irradiation did not enhance the removal efficiency, likely due to mass transport limitations, while the energy consumption increased from 8.68∙10- 6 to 9.34∙10- 4 kWh µg- 1 removed. Further research is encouraged, given the promising processing by the SPE technology of low conductivity solutions, as pharmaceuticals streams, as well as the potential for water and in-situ groundwater remediation from different emerging pollutants as phytosanitary and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
| | - Davide Clematis
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145 Italy
| | - Marco Panizza
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145 Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
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Corrias F, Atzei A, Lai C, Dedola F, Ibba E, Zedda G, Canu F, Angioni A. Effects of Industrial Processing on Pesticide Multiresidues Transfer from Raw Tomatoes to Processed Products. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101497. [PMID: 33086739 PMCID: PMC7588992 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are broadly used to improve food safety, although they can lead to adverse health effects on consumers. Various food processing approaches, at the industrial or domestic level, have been found to highly reduce the amount of pesticide residues in most food materials. In this work, samples of raw tomatoes were collected directly from the field and processed at the industrial level to produce purée, triple concentrated paste, fine pulp, and diced tomatoes. A multiresidue method based on a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged e Safe) sample preparation, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) for the assessment of 116 pesticides residues, was used. The analytical method has been validated according to SANTE indications. The recovery yields ranged from 75.5% to 115.3%, repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 3.4% to 18.3%, while reproducibility (RSDwR) ranged from 5.4% to 19.8%. The limit of quantifications (LOQs) ranged from 2.35 µg kg−1 for benthiavalicarb to 6.49 µg kg−1 for allethrin. A total of 159 raw tomato samples were collected from the field. The analysis showed the presence of 46 pesticides with azoxystrobin and chlorantraniliprole the most represented. On the other hand, all industrially processed samples showed values ≤ LOD, confirming that post-harvest processes can lead to a decrease in pesticide residues from agricultural commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Corrias
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Food Toxicology Unit, University of Cagliari, University Campus of Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandro Atzei
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Food Toxicology Unit, University of Cagliari, University Campus of Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Carla Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Food Toxicology Unit, University of Cagliari, University Campus of Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Dedola
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (AGRIS), Service of Environmental Studies, Crop Protection and Production Quality, Bonassai SS 291 km 18,6, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.D.); (E.I.); (G.Z.)
| | - Enrico Ibba
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (AGRIS), Service of Environmental Studies, Crop Protection and Production Quality, Bonassai SS 291 km 18,6, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.D.); (E.I.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Zedda
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (AGRIS), Service of Environmental Studies, Crop Protection and Production Quality, Bonassai SS 291 km 18,6, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.D.); (E.I.); (G.Z.)
| | - Francesca Canu
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Food Toxicology Unit, University of Cagliari, University Campus of Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Alberto Angioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Food Toxicology Unit, University of Cagliari, University Campus of Monserrato, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (F.C.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-706-758-615; Fax: +39-0-706-758-612
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Ye X, Shao H, Zhou T, Xu J, Cao X, Mo W. Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in Tomatoes Using a Modified QuEChERS Method Based on N-Doped Graphitized Carbon Coupled with GC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Rapid quantitative determination of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in tomatoes by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Ahmad A, Kumari P, Ahmad M. Apigenin attenuates edifenphos-induced toxicity by modulating ROS-mediated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase signal pathway in rat liver and kidney. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 159:163-172. [PMID: 31400778 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Edifenphos (EDF) (O-ethyl-S, S-diphenyldithiophosphate) is an organophosphate pesticide that is extensively used as a fungicide in agricultural rice fields. However, EDF accumulated in various agricultural products and caused potential health hazards to human and other living organisms. Therefore, the present study was investigated to evaluate the ameliorative role of apigenin (APG); a natural antioxidant against EDF-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. Six groups with five male Wistar rats each, were used for this purpose; these groups included the control group (A) that received corn oil; (B) 10 mg/kg APG; (C) 10 mg/kg EDF; (D) 25 mg/kg EDF; (E) 10 mg/kg APG pretreatment for 1 h then 10 mg/kg EDF; (F) 10 mg/kg APG pretreatment for 1 h then 25 mg/kg EDF for 14 consecutive days. Oral administration of EDF led to disruption of the intracellular antioxidant machinery which cause the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, EDF promotes deleterious effects like oxidative stress, DNA damage, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of ROS production, activation of caspase 3/9 activities and causing hepato-renal histopathological changes. However, the pretreatment of APG ameliorated the EDF-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis, through their antioxidant activity or by directly scavenging free radical property. Overall, these results suggest that EDF exerts oxidative stress, and APG could be a potent dietary anti-oxidant regimen against EDF-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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15
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Ahmad A, Zafar A, Ahmad M. Mitigating effects of apigenin on edifenphos-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:218-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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