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Chang X, Tan YM, Allen DG, Bell S, Brown PC, Browning L, Ceger P, Gearhart J, Hakkinen PJ, Kabadi SV, Kleinstreuer NC, Lumen A, Matheson J, Paini A, Pangburn HA, Petersen EJ, Reinke EN, Ribeiro AJS, Sipes N, Sweeney LM, Wambaugh JF, Wange R, Wetmore BA, Mumtaz M. IVIVE: Facilitating the Use of In Vitro Toxicity Data in Risk Assessment and Decision Making. TOXICS 2022; 10:232. [PMID: 35622645 PMCID: PMC9143724 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the science of toxicology has been undergoing a transformation from observational to predictive science. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in vitro assays, in silico models, read-across, and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), are being developed to reduce, refine, or replace whole animal testing, encouraging the judicious use of time and resources. Some of these methods have advanced past the exploratory research stage and are beginning to gain acceptance for the risk assessment of chemicals. A review of the recent literature reveals a burst of IVIVE publications over the past decade. In this review, we propose operational definitions for IVIVE, present literature examples for several common toxicity endpoints, and highlight their implications in decision-making processes across various federal agencies, as well as international organizations, including those in the European Union (EU). The current challenges and future needs are also summarized for IVIVE. In addition to refining and reducing the number of animals in traditional toxicity testing protocols and being used for prioritizing chemical testing, the goal to use IVIVE to facilitate the replacement of animal models can be achieved through their continued evolution and development, including a strategic plan to qualify IVIVE methods for regulatory acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chang
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - David G. Allen
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Shannon Bell
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul C. Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Lauren Browning
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Jeffery Gearhart
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Pertti J. Hakkinen
- National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA;
| | - Shruti V. Kabadi
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Additive Safety, 5001 Campus Drive, HFS-275, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Annie Lumen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Joanna Matheson
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy;
| | - Heather A. Pangburn
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, 2729 R Street, Area B, Building 837, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Emily N. Reinke
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA;
| | - Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Nisha Sipes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Lisa M. Sweeney
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Assigned to Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Ronald Wange
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Barbara A. Wetmore
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of the Associate Director for Science, 1600 Clifton Road, S102-2, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Lu CX, An XX, Yu Y, Jiao LR, Canarutto D, Li GF, Yu G. Pooled Analysis of Gastric Emptying in Patients With Obesity: Implications for Oral Absorption Projection. Clin Ther 2021; 43:1768-1788. [PMID: 34482960 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric emptying time is one of limiting factors that determines the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs administered by mouth. Despite the high prevalence of obesity worldwide, modifications in gastric emptying time have not been systematically addressed in this set of patients. The current analysis aims to quantitatively address obesity-related changes in gastric emptying time of solids, semisolids, and liquids compared with lean individuals, highlighting the relevant pharmacokinetic implications of oral drug absorption in patients with obesity. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for all relevant articles published until November 1, 2020. Differences in gastrointestinal variables in relation to gastric emptying between obese and lean individuals were quantified by weighted mean difference (WMD) and ratio of means (RoM). Robustness of the analyses was evaluated by subgroup analysis and publication bias test. FINDINGS A total of 17 studies with 906 participants were included. The gastric half-emptying time of solids (WMD, -10.4 minutes; P = 0.001; RoM, 0.90; P = 0.01) and liquids (WMD, -6.14 minutes; P < 0.001; RoM, 0.83, P = 0.03) was significantly shorter in individuals with obesity compared with lean individuals. These findings were confirmed by the subgroup analyses and publication bias tests. IMPLICATIONS Our pooled analysis systemically quantifies the differences in gastric half-emptying time between individuals with obesity and lean individuals, facilitating better understanding and prediction of drug absorption in individuals with obesity through physiologically based pharmacokinetic approaches. Obesity is associated with a faster transit of both solids and liquids through the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao An
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Li-Rong Jiao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daniele Canarutto
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Guo-Fu Li
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Guo Yu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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3
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An XX, Yu Y, Li GF, Yu G. Abundance and Associated Variations of Cytochrome P450 Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Liver of East Asian Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 46:225-233. [PMID: 33368014 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are one of the main sources of variability in drug metabolic clearance. Information on their abundance levels is therefore crucial to optimize scaling factors for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) to predict metabolic clearance. OBJECTIVE This study aims to quantify the abundance data of hepatic drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes in East Asian subjects reported from various sources in the literature using meta-analysis. METHOD We conducted a meta-analysis on the abundance of drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes in the liver of East Asian adults. Eligible reports were identified based on predefined criteria-(1) individual liver microsomal samples, and (2) absolute protein abundance data from normal tissues of East Asian adult subjects. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS Among the 11 CYP isoforms analyzed in East Asian subjects, CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 had the highest protein levels. In particular, the number of studies and the liver sample used to quantify the abundance of CYP3A4 were the largest. Of the isoforms involved, CYP2J2 and CYP2B6 had the lowest abundance level, i.e., <5 pmol/ mg of microsomal protein. For enzymes with abundance values available in both Chinese and Japanese subjects (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5), the abundance level of each CYP isoform appeared to be higher in Chinese than in Japanese subjects. The most distinct difference was observed in CYP3A5 abundance. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis shows that the abundance levels of CYP enzymes appear to vary greatly among different East Asian individuals who have similar ethnic backgrounds and food habits. The pooled data of CYP abundance can be used as preliminary reference values along with the associated variations for the projections of pharmacokinetics through physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao An
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yichao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Li
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.
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Impact of Ethnicity-Specific Hepatic Microsomal Scaling Factor, Liver Weight, and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 Content on Physiologically Based Prediction of CYP1A2-Mediated Pharmacokinetics in Young and Elderly Chinese Adults. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:927-941. [PMID: 30767128 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of physiological and biological data required for physiologically based predictions are primarily available in Caucasians rather than other ethnic populations, which leads to a lack of confidence in the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for ethnicity-specific prediction of pharmacokinetics in the Chinese population. OBJECTIVES In this study we recalibrate the system parameters of Chinese-specific PBPK modeling and explore for the first time the relative importance of ethnicity-specific microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL), liver weight, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 abundance to the projection of drug disposition mediated by CYP1A2 in young and elderly Chinese adults. METHODS Chinese MPPGL levels and associated variability were parameterized and incorporated for the first time into ethnicity-specific PBPK models for the Chinese adults. Parameterization of Chinese liver weights was also recalibrated on the basis of autopsy data from Chinese individuals (n = 4081) across the entire adult age range. Uncertainty surrounding the Chinese-specific CYP1A2 content has also been explored and clarified by conducting ethnicity-related PBPK simulations under different scenarios. Various ethnicity-related or 'what-if' scenarios for PBPK modeling were implemented to assess the predictive performance and explore the relative importance of ethnicity-specific MPPGL and liver weight to the projection of drug disposition mediated by CYP1A2 in terms of two typical CYP1A2 substrates, caffeine and theophylline, in young and elderly Chinese adults by comparing the predicted concentration-time data and associated pharmacokinetic parameter estimates with observations. RESULTS Compared with 0.85, the liver scalar of 0.9 generally produced more accurate liver weight levels in virtual Chinese peers. Additionally, simulated MPPGL levels on the basis of Caucasian data were not able to reflect the age-independent pattern observed in Chinese adults, dissimilar to that on the basis of Chinese-specific adult MPPGL data. The modeling Scenarios A and B provided similar predictions for theophylline pharmacokinetics in young Chinese adults across different age groups, while Scenario B provided the most accurate prediction for theophylline pharmacokinetics in elderly Chinese adults. However, the use of a stratified value of CYP1A2 content derived from a Han Chinese cohort with a small sample size instead of the pooled value of all Chinese cohorts involved regardless of Chinese sub-ethnicity resulted in inadequate prediction of CYP1A2-mediated pharmacokinetics in terms of caffeine and theophylline in either young or elderly Chinese subjects. Additionally, the impact of ethnic-specific MPPGL on predictive accuracy of theophylline pharmacokinetics in elderly Chinese subjects is more evident than that of liver weight. CONCLUSION We provided quantitative information pertaining to Chinese-specific levels of liver weight and MPPGL, and recalibrated these system parameters for PBPK modeling for young and elderly Chinese subjects. Uncertainty surrounding the Chinese-specific CYP1A2 content has also been clarified. PBPK modeling based on the recalibrated system parameters can accurately simulate CYP1A2-mediated pharmacokinetics in both young and elderly Chinese adults, particularly in elderly individuals.
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5
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Gu JQ, Guo YP, Jiao Z, Ding JJ, Li GF. How to Handle Delayed or Missed Doses: A Population Pharmacokinetic Perspective. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 45:163-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Population Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Extended-Release Bupropion and Its Three Metabolites in Chinese Healthy Volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:339-352. [PMID: 30520001 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bupropion is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. We determined the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of extended-release bupropion XL in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS This open-label, single-center pharmacokinetic study was conducted between May 2016 and June 2016. Eligible volunteers received bupropion XL 150 mg once daily for 5 days, then 300 mg once daily from days 6 to 14. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated after first and repeated doses by non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses. RESULTS Fifteen out of 16 enrolled volunteers completed the study. The geometric mean of the bupropion area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) was 498.2 and 1,165.7 h·ng/mL on days 1 and 14, respectively; maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 49.9 ng/mL on day 1 and steady-state maximum observed plasma concentration (Css_max) was 111.9 ng/mL on day 14. Among the three metabolites, hydroxybupropion showed the highest AUC0-24 and Cmax. The population pharmacokinetic model findings indicated an apparent oral clearance of 221 L/h for bupropion in a typical healthy 60.9-kg Chinese volunteer. CONCLUSIONS This was the first pharmacokinetic study for bupropion XL and its active metabolites in the Chinese population. The AUC and Cmax of bupropion XL and its three metabolites increased approximately in a dose-proportional manner with an increase from 150 mg to 300 mg. Adverse events were similar to those reported in studies outside China. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed for bupropion XL, with pharmacokinetics of bupropion adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and linear elimination plus lag time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02698553.
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7
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Interethnic scaling of fraction unbound of a drug in plasma and volume of distribution: an analysis of extrapolation from Caucasians to Chinese. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 75:543-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-02610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Li GF, Yu G, Li Y, Zheng Y, Zheng QS, Derendorf H. Quantitative Estimation of Plasma Free Drug Fraction in Patients With Varying Degrees of Hepatic Impairment: A Methodological Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Chang J, Shen Y, Huang Y, Sun Y, Cai MH, Niu J, Zhang LM, Zheng JJ, Zhang MZ. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Remifentanil in Infants with Unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 44:53-62. [PMID: 29915955 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is literature suggesting that pathophysiologic changes in children with congenital heart disease alter the pharmacokinetics of anesthetics and may result in dosage adjustment, limited information exists regarding the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in infants with unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The objectives of the current analysis were to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in infants, and to evaluate the effects of TOF on remifentanil's pharmacokinetics. METHODS Twenty-seven infants (16 with TOF and 11 with normal cardiac anatomy; aged 114-360 days) scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia were recruited in the study. All children received remifentanil 1 μg/kg/min intravenously for anesthesia induction and early maintenance [until ~ 20 min before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for patients with TOF]. Serial arterial blood samples were drawn and analyzed. Population pharmacokinetics of remifentanil was characterized using NONMEM software. The estimates were standardized to a 70-kg adult using a per-kilogram model. RESULTS A two-compartment disposition model adequately described the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil. Besides body weight, the introduction of any other covariates, including TOF status, did not improve the model significantly (P > 0.05). The population parameter estimates for systemic clearance (Cl1) and inter-compartment clearances (Cl2) were 6.03 × (WT/70 kg) and 1.23 × (WT/70 kg) L/min, respectively, and central volume of distribution (V1) and peripheral volumes of distribution (V2) were 19.6 × (WT/70 kg) and 21.7 × (WT/70 kg) L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Unrepaired TOF does not change the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil, suggesting a similar dosage for infants with TOF compared to normal cardiac anatomy infants. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The patient enrollment in this study started at 2012, so we do not have clinic trial number, but we still think this is a valuable research and hope it could be considered for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Hua Cai
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ji-Jian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Gao J, Zhou J, He XP, Zhang YF, Gao N, Tian X, Fang Y, Wen Q, Jia LJ, Jin H, Qiao HL. Changes in cytochrome P450s-mediated drug clearance in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: a bottom-up approach. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28612-23. [PMID: 27086920 PMCID: PMC5053749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accompanied by severe liver dysfunction is a serious disease, which results in altered hepatic clearance. Generally, maintenance doses depend upon drug clearance, so individual dosage regimens should be customized for HCC patients based on the condition of patients. Based on clearance of CYP isoform-specific substrates at the microsomal level (CLM), microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL), liver weight, hepatic blood flow, hepatic clearance values (CLH) for 10 CYPs in HCC patients (n=102) were extrapolated using a predictive bottom-up pharmacokinetic model. Compared with controls, the CLM values for CYP2C9, 2D6, 2E1 were significantly increased in HCC patients. Additionally, CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C19 CLM values decreased while the values for CYP2A6, 2B6, 3A4/5 were unchanged. The MPPGL values in HCC tissues were significantly reduced. CLH values of HCC patients for CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C19, and 3A4/5 were significantly reduced, while this for CYP2E1 were markedly increased and those for CYP2C9 and 2D6 did not change. Moreover, disease (fibrosis and cirrhosis) and polymorphisms of the CYP genes have influenced the CLH for some CYPs. Prediction of the effects of HCC on drug clearance may be helpful for the design of clinical studies and the clinical management of drugs in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Pei He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin-Jing Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ling Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Modeling Drug Disposition and Drug–Drug Interactions Through Hypothesis-Driven Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics: a Reversal Translation Perspective. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 43:369-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Prediction of cytochrome P450-mediated drug clearance in humans based on the measured activities of selected CYPs. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171161. [PMID: 29054967 PMCID: PMC5696450 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining drug-metabolizing enzyme activities on an individual basis is an important component of personalized medicine, and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a principal role in hepatic drug metabolism. Herein, a simple method for predicting the major CYP-mediated drug clearance in vitro and in vivo is presented. Ten CYP-mediated drug metabolic activities in human liver microsomes (HLMs) from 105 normal liver samples were determined. The descriptive models for predicting the activities of these CYPs in HLMs were developed solely on the basis of the measured activities of a smaller number of more readily assayed CYPs. The descriptive models then were combined with the Conventional Bias Corrected in vitro–in vivo extrapolation method to extrapolate drug clearance in vivo. The Vmax, Km, and CLint of six CYPs (CYP2A6, 2C8, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5) could be predicted by measuring the activities of four CYPs (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19) in HLMs. Based on the predicted CLint, the values of CYP2A6-, 2C8-, 2D6-, 2E1-, and 3A4/5-mediated drug clearance in vivo were extrapolated and found that the values for all five drugs were close to the observed clearance in vivo. The percentage of extrapolated values of clearance in vivo which fell within 2-fold of the observed clearance ranged from 75.2% to 98.1%. These findings suggest that measuring the activity of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19 allowed us to accurately predict CYP2A6-, 2C8-, 2D6-, 2E1-, and 3A4/5-mediated activities in vitro and in vivo and may possibly be helpful for the assessment of an individual’s drug metabolic profile.
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13
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Gao J, Tian X, Zhou J, Cui MZ, Zhang HF, Gao N, Wen Q, Qiao HL. From Genotype to Phenotype: Cytochrome P450 2D6-Mediated Drug Clearance in Humans. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:649-657. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Cui
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hai-Ling Qiao
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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14
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Wang HY, Chen X, Jiang J, Shi J, Hu P. Evaluating a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for predicting the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in Chinese after oral administration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:276-84. [PMID: 26592516 PMCID: PMC4753367 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the SimCYP simulator ethnicity-specific population model for predicting the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, a typical CYP3A4/5 substrate, in Chinese after oral administration. METHODS The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for midazolam was developed using a SimCYP population-based simulator incorporating Chinese population demographic, physiological and enzyme data. A clinical trial was conducted in 40 Chinese subjects (the half was females) receiving a single oral dose of 15 mg midazolam. The subjects were separated into 4 groups based on age (20-50, 51-65, 66-75, and above 76 years), and the pharmacokinetics profiles of each age- and gender-group were determined, and the results were used to verify the PBPK model. RESULTS Following oral administration, the simulated profiles of midazolam plasma concentrations over time in virtual Chinese were in good agreement with the observed profiles, as were AUC and Cmax. Moreover, for subjects of varying ages (20-80 years), the ratios of predicted to observed clearances were between 0.86 and 1.12. CONCLUSION The SimCYP PBPK model accurately predicted the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in Chinese from youth to old age. This study may provide novel insight into the prediction of CYP3A4/5-mediated pharmacokinetics in the Chinese population relative to Caucasians and other ethnic groups, which can support the rational design of bridging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yun Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Roche pRED China, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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15
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Zhang H, Gao N, Tian X, Liu T, Fang Y, Zhou J, Wen Q, Xu B, Qi B, Gao J, Li H, Jia L, Qiao H. Content and activity of human liver microsomal protein and prediction of individual hepatic clearance in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17671. [PMID: 26635233 PMCID: PMC4669488 DOI: 10.1038/srep17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of information concerning individual variation in content and activity of human liver microsomal protein is one of the most important obstacles for designing personalized medicines. We demonstrated that the mean value of microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL) was 39.46 mg/g in 128 human livers and up to 19-fold individual variations existed. Meanwhile, the metabolic activities of 10 cytochrome P450 (CYPs) were detected in microsomes and liver tissues, respectively, which showed huge individual variations (200-fold). Compared with microsomes, the activities of liver tissues were much suitable to express the individual variations of CYP activities. Furthermore, individual variations in the in vivo clearance of tolbutamide were successfully predicted with the individual parameter values. In conclusion, we offer the values for MPPGL contents in normal liver tissues and build a new method to assess the in vitro CYP activities. In addition, large individual variations exist in predicted hepatic clearance of tolbutamide. These findings provide important physiological parameters for physiologically-based pharmacokinetics models and thus, establish a solid foundation for future development of personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmeng Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linjing Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailing Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Feng S, Cleary Y, Parrott N, Hu P, Weber C, Wang Y, Yin OQP, Shi J. Evaluating a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for prediction of omeprazole clearance and assessing ethnic sensitivity in CYP2C19 metabolic pathway. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:617-24. [PMID: 25801493 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ethnicity-specific population models in the SimCYP Simulator® for prediction of omeprazole clearance with attention to differences in the CYP2C19 metabolic pathway. METHODS The SimCYP® models incorporating Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese population-specific demographic, physiological, and enzyme data were applied to simulate omeprazole pharmacokinetics. Published pharmacokinetic data of omeprazole after intravenous or oral administration in Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese were used for the evaluation. RESULTS Following oral administration, the ratio of the predicted to observed geometric mean of omeprazole clearance in Caucasian extensive metabolizers (EMs) was 0.88. The ratios in Chinese EMs were 1.16 and 0.99 after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The ratios in Japanese EMs were 0.88 and 0.71 after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. Significant differences (2-fold) in the observed oral clearance of omeprazole were identified between Caucasian and Asian (Chinese and Japanese) EMs while the observed oral and intravenous clearances of omeprazole were similar between Chinese and Japanese EMs. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models within SimCYP accurately predicted the difference in the observed oral clearance between Caucasian and Chinese EMs but overpredicted the difference between Caucasians and Japanese EMs due to under-prediction of oral clearance in Japanese EMs. CONCLUSIONS The PBPK model within SimCYP adequately predicted omeprazole clearance in Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese EMs and the 2-fold differences in clearance of omeprazole between Caucasian and Asian EMs. This may lead to early identification of ethnic sensitivity in clearance and the need for different dosing regimens in a specific ethnic group for substrates of CYP2C19 which can support the rational design of bridging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Building 6, Lane 917, Ha Lei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
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17
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Barter ZE, Tucker GT, Rowland-Yeo K. Response to "Ethnic-specific in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and physiologically based pharmacokinetic approaches to predict cytochrome P450-mediated pharmacokinetics in Chinese population: opportunities and challenges". Clin Pharmacokinet 2014; 53:203. [PMID: 24255012 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Barter
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara company), Blades Enterprise Centre, John Street, Sheffield, S2 4SU, UK,
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