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Paltoglou G, Ziakas N, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Cephalometric Evaluation of Children with Short Stature of Genetic Etiology: A Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:792. [PMID: 39062241 PMCID: PMC11275085 DOI: 10.3390/children11070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: A plethora of biological molecules regulate chondrogenesis in the epiphyseal growth plate. Disruptions of the quantity and function of these molecules can manifest clinically as stature abnormalities of various etiologies. Traditionally, the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis represents the etiological centre of final stature attainment. Of note, little is known about the molecular events that dominate the growth of the craniofacial complex and its correlation with somatic stature. Aim: Given the paucity of relevant data, this review discusses available information regarding potential applications of lateral cephalometric radiography as a potential clinical indicator of genetic short stature in children. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the keywords: cephalometric analysis and short stature; cephalometric analysis and achondroplasia; cephalometric analysis and hypochondroplasia; cephalometric analysis and skeletal abnormalities; cephalometr* and SHOX; cephalometr* and CNP; cephalometr* and ACAN; cephalometr* and CNVs; cephalometr* and IHH; cephalometr* and FGFR3; cephalometr* and Noonan syndrome; cephalometr* and "Turner syndrome"; cephalometr* and achondroplasia. Results: In individuals with genetic syndromes causing short stature, linear growth of the craniofacial complex is confined, following the pattern of somatic short stature regardless of its aetiology. The angular and linear cephalometric measurements differ from the measurements of the average normal individuals and are suggestive of a posterior placement of the jaws and a vertical growth pattern of the face. Conclusions: The greater part of the existing literature regarding cephalometric measurements in short-statured children with genetic syndromes provides qualitative data. Furthermore, cephalometric data for individuals affected with specific rare genetic conditions causing short stature should be the focus of future studies. These quantitative data are required to potentially establish cut-off values for reference for genetic testing based on craniofacial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Paltoglou
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nickolas Ziakas
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Varghese AA, Xavier AM, Ramanarayanan V. Removable prosthetic management for tooth agenesis in the pediatric population: A systematic review of case reports and case series. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00105-1. [PMID: 36922297 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Dental agenesis is a condition in which the absence of teeth causes debilitating problems, primarily in speech, mastication, and esthetics. The optimal removable prosthetic management for the condition is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the spectrum of removable prosthetic techniques with regard to the type of edentulism and to provide clinical guidance for practicing dentists. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic and manual search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Publications of case reports and series written in English without data restrictions that reported on removable prosthodontic management of patients with oligodontia, hypodontia, or anodontia were included. RESULTS A total of 59 articles comprising 83 case reports were analyzed. In patients with anodontia, the most common treatment option was an acrylic resin complete denture. Hypodontia and oligodontia were commonly managed by using either a partial denture or overdenture. Irreversible hydrocolloid or alginate was the most accepted material for the preliminary impressions and elastomeric materials for definitive impressions. The tooth arrangements were modified to simulate natural dentition and improve esthetics. Modifications of conventional acrylic resin dentures have been proposed for improved denture adaptation. Good retention is essential to the long-term success of prosthetic treatment and may be achieved with a denture reline or with retention clasps. The active growth of the patients means constant maintenance, including denture renewals or repairs, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up care. CONCLUSIONS Prosthodontic rehabilitation at an early age has been shown to significantly impact the overall quality of life for a child with tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Acca Varghese
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arun Mamachan Xavier
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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De Santis D, Sinigaglia S, Faccioni P, Pancera P, Luciano U, Bertossi D, Lucchese A, Albanese M, Nocini PF. Syndromes associated with dental agenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 68:42-56. [PMID: 30667203 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.18.04129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental agenesis is the congenital absence of a variable number of teeth due to the lack of formation of the corresponding tooth germ. The aim of this work was to investigate the syndromic conditions characterized by dental agenesis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Based on the research conducted through the OMIM® (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and PubMed online databases, more than ninety syndromes associated with severe or moderate agenesis have been found. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The main clinical features of these syndromes are described, especially those concerning the stomatognathic apparatus, referring to the most recent literature. Among these syndromes there are three clinical conditions associated with dental agenesis that are common for the clinician: Down Syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia and labio-palatal cleft. CONCLUSIONS It must be kept in mind that the success of the treatment of these patients is based on the compliance of the patient as well as on the collaboration among specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Santis
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Sinigaglia
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
| | - Paolo Faccioni
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Pancera
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Luciano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucchese
- Department of Orthodontics, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Research Area in Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Nocini
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Kaya GŞ, Özalp Ö, Özbudak İH. Synchronous occurrence of multiple distinct jaw lesions in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome: A case report. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2018; 120:483-488. [PMID: 30553040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) is an X-linked overgrowth syndrome characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth, typical facial appearance and multiple visceral, skeletal, and neurological anomalies. There is only few information in the current literature, on clinical and particularly dentofacial findings due to recent identification of the syndrome and its clinical overlap with other overgrowth syndromes. The aim of this case report is to present dentofacial findings in a 16-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with SGBS. Following comprehensive clinical, radiographic and histopathological examinations, six pathologically distinct lesions including odontogenic keratocyst, ameloblastoma, lateral periodontal cyst, dentigerous cyst and mucous retention cyst in both mandible and maxilla were identified. The clinical report is followed by a discussion aimed to clarify unique features of this condition and how practitioners should consider similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Şimşek Kaya
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Öznur Özalp
- Specialist, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İrem Hicran Özbudak
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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