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Tinessia A, Clark K, Randell M, Leask J, King C. Strategies to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in First Nations peoples: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2384497. [PMID: 39230093 PMCID: PMC11376305 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2384497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First Nations peoples face disproportionate vaccine-preventable risks due to social, economic, and healthcare disparities. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was also mistrust and hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccines among First Nations peoples. These are rooted in factors such as colonial histories, discriminatory medical practices, and unreliable information. OBJECTIVE To examine strategies to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among First Nations peoples globally. METHODS A systematic review was conducted. Searches were undertaken in OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, OVID PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Informit. Searches were date limited from 2020. Items included in this review provided primary data that discussed strategies used to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in First Nations peoples. RESULTS We identified several key strategies across four countries - Australia, the USA, Canada, and Guatemala in seventeen papers. These included understanding communities' needs, collaborating with communities, tailored messaging, addressing underlying systemic traumas and social health gaps, and early logistics planning. CONCLUSION The inclusion of First Nations-centred strategies to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is essential to delivering an equitable pandemic response. Implementation of these strategies in the continued effort to vaccinate against COVID-19 and in future pandemics is integral to ensure that First Nations peoples are not disproportionately affected by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Tinessia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina Clark
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia
- Population Health - Hunter New England Health, Wallsend, Australia
| | - Madeleine Randell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Leask
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine King
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Cioffi G, Waite KA, Price M, Neff C, Kruchko C, Ostrom QT, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. The impact of COVID-19 on 2020 monthly incidence trends of primary brain and other CNS tumors. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:764-774. [PMID: 38167948 PMCID: PMC10995517 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To mitigate disease spread, restrictions implemented in the United States surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic created an environment that led to delays in cancer diagnosis. The data needed to accurately analyze the impact of the pandemic on brain and CNS tumor incidence has not been available until now. Utilizing incidence data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) we analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary brain and other CNS tumor incidence for the first year of the pandemic. METHODS Monthly age-adjusted incidence rates and incidence trends for 2019 and 2020 were determined for age at diagnosis, sex, race, ethnicity, diagnostic confirmation, behavior, tumor histopathology, and county-level urbanization. Monthly incidence rate ratios comparing 2020 and 2019 were evaluated for the same factors. RESULTS Overall, there was a notable decrease in incidence rates in March-May 2020 when compared to 2019. These decreases were driven by nonmalignant tumors, with a 50% incidence decrease between March 2020 and 2019. Individuals who were Black had a larger incidence decrease in early 2020 than individuals who were White. Radiographically confirmed tumors saw larger incidence decreases than histologically confirmed tumors. There were no changes in monthly incidence of glioblastoma in 2020 compared to 2019. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that disruptions in medical care, such as governmental and health care mandates, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an overall decreased incidence of primary brain tumors in early 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Cioffi
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristin A Waite
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie Price
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Corey Neff
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Trans Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Amaro E, Rodriguez J, Jackson D, Popovich D, Frias KM, Castañeda E. The Impact of Cultural Health Capital on Market Choice Along the Texas-Mexico Border. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1139-1151. [PMID: 37278954 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transnational cultural health capital (CHC) includes individual resources such as skills and behaviors patients use to manage healthcare exclusion and negotiate care. This study examines the impact of CHC on decisions by Hispanic people who live in El Paso, Texas, to utilize one or more markets for healthcare. We expand on the current literature and present novel findings by quantifying several aspects of CHC that may contribute to cross-border health-seeking behaviors in this vulnerable group which tends to suffer various health disparities and limited access to health insurance. Results support the hypotheses related to how the various cultural, social, and economic resources that comprise CHC affect market choices. This research has significant implications for understanding how border residents may mitigate a lack of accessibility and affordability for healthcare, developing transnational health policy, and aiding healthcare providers to understand their patients' choice(s) of healthcare markets.
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Bacong AM, Haro-Ramos AY. Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in California: Disparities by Race and Citizenship Status. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2911-2920. [PMID: 36449129 PMCID: PMC9713137 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely acknowledged that racialized minorities may report lower COVID-19 vaccine willingness compared to non-Hispanic white individuals, what is less known, however, is whether the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine also differs by citizenship. Understanding disparities in vaccine willingness by citizenship is particularly important given the misleading rhetoric of some political leaders regarding vaccine eligibility by citizenship status. This study used the 2020 California Health Interview Survey (n = 21,949) to examine disparities in vaccine willingness by race/ethnicity and citizenship among Asian, Latinx, and non-Hispanic white individuals. Overall, 77.7% of Californians indicated that they were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if it was made available. However, there were distinct differences by race/ethnicity and citizenship. Asian people, regardless of citizenship, had the highest predicted probability of vaccine willingness, accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Non-citizen Latinx and non-citizen non-Hispanic white people had higher predicted probabilities of vaccine willingness compared to their US-born counterparts, accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Our results reveal that although vaccine willingness may be high among non-citizen individuals, it may not necessarily translate into actual vaccine uptake. Furthermore, while individual-level factors may account for some of the differences in vaccine willingness by race/ethnicity and citizenship, other institutional and structural barriers prevent vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Matias Bacong
- Stanford University Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Alein Y Haro-Ramos
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Oh H. Racial Capitalism and Neighborhood Health Disparities: the COVID-19 in California Counties. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2338-2343. [PMID: 36097313 PMCID: PMC9466309 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article explores the association between racial capitalism and neighborhood-level health disparities, with a particular focus on COVID-19 in California. METHODS This article investigates COVID-19 incidence in 58 California counties. To account for racial capitalism, the study looks at the per capita incomes ratios (1) between whites and Blacks and (2) between whites and Hispanics. Other county-level neighborhood characteristics were controlled. RESULTS Findings from spatial autoregressive models indicate that increases in white-Black and white-Hispanic income disadvantages lead to an increase in COVID-19 incidence in 58 California counties. Findings also reveal that the disadvantage that results from the white-Black income ratio in COVID-19 spread decreases in counties that report high levels of income inequality between whites and Hispanics. DISCUSSION Findings indicate that a greater income disadvantage for racial minorities is connected to a more COVID-19 incidence. With regard to racial demographics in California, the interaction effect between measures for racial income disadvantages is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Oh
- Department of Sociology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD, 21157, USA.
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6
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Lee NR, King A, Vigil D, Mullaney D, Sanderson PR, Ametepee T, Hammitt LL. Infectious diseases in Indigenous populations in North America: learning from the past to create a more equitable future. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e431-e444. [PMID: 37148904 PMCID: PMC10156139 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, although a profound reminder of endured injustices by and the disparate impact of infectious diseases on Indigenous populations, has also served as an example of Indigenous strength and the ability to thrive anew. Many infectious diseases share common risk factors that are directly tied to the ongoing effects of colonisation. We provide historical context and case studies that illustrate both challenges and successes related to infectious disease mitigation in Indigenous populations in the USA and Canada. Infectious disease disparities, driven by persistent inequities in socioeconomic determinants of health, underscore the urgent need for action. We call on governments, public health leaders, industry representatives, and researchers to reject harmful research practices and to adopt a framework for achieving sustainable improvements in the health of Indigenous people that is both adequately resourced and grounded in respect for tribal sovereignty and Indigenous knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra King
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Deionna Vigil
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin Mullaney
- Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Priscilla R Sanderson
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Taiwo Ametepee
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Laura L Hammitt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Qiao M, Huang B. COVID-19 spread prediction using socio-demographic and mobility-related data. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 138:104360. [PMID: 37159808 PMCID: PMC10156989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Studying the impacts of factors that may vary spatially and temporally as infectious disease progresses is critical for the prediction and intervention of COVID-19. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the spatiotemporal impacts of socio-demographic and mobility-related factors to predict the spread of COVID-19. We designed two different schemes that enhanced temporal and spatial features respectively, and both with the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model adopted to consider the heterogeneity and non-stationarity problems, to reveal the spatiotemporal associations between the factors and the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that our two schemes are effective in facilitating the accuracy of predicting the spread of COVID-19. In particular, the temporally enhanced scheme quantifies the impacts of the factors on the temporal spreading trend of the epidemic at the city level. Simultaneously, the spatially enhanced scheme figures out how the spatial variances of the factors determine the spatial distribution of the COVID-19 cases among districts, particularly between the urban area and the surrounding suburbs. Findings provide potential policy implications in terms of dynamic and adaptive anti-epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Qiao
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Chen H, Cao Y, Feng L, Zhao Q, Torres JRV. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in England. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:895. [PMID: 37189026 PMCID: PMC10185460 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass vaccination has been a key strategy in effectively containing global COVID-19 pandemic that posed unprecedented social and economic challenges to many countries. However, vaccination rates vary across space and socio-economic factors, and are likely to depend on the accessibility to vaccination services, which is under-researched in literature. This study aims to empirically identify the spatially heterogeneous relationship between COVID-19 vaccination rates and socio-economic factors in England. METHODS We investigated the percentage of over-18 fully vaccinated people at the small-area level across England up to 18 November 2021. We used multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to model the spatially heterogeneous relationship between vaccination rates and socio-economic determinants, including ethnic, age, economic, and accessibility factors. RESULTS This study indicates that the selected MGWR model can explain 83.2% of the total variance of vaccination rates. The variables exhibiting a positive association with vaccination rates in most areas include proportion of population over 40, car ownership, average household income, and spatial accessibility to vaccination. In contrast, population under 40, less deprived population, and black or mixed ethnicity are negatively associated with the vaccination rates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the importance of improving the spatial accessibility to vaccinations in developing regions and among specific population groups in order to promote COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfa Chen
- Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanjia Cao
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingru Feng
- Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London, UK
- Chongqing Planning and Design Institute, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring, Evaluation and Early Warning of Territorial Spatial Planning Implementation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Qunshan Zhao
- Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - José Rafael Verduzco Torres
- Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social & Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Steeves-Reece AL, Davis MM, Hiebert Larson J, Major-McDowall Z, King AE, Nicolaidis C, Goldberg B, Richardson DM, Lindner S. Patients' Willingness to Accept Social Needs Navigation After In-Person versus Remote Screening. J Am Board Fam Med 2023; 36:229-239. [PMID: 36868871 PMCID: PMC10476619 DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220259r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social needs screening and referral interventions are increasingly common in health care settings. Although remote screening offers a potentially more practical alternative to traditional in-person screening, there is concern that screening patients remotely could adversely affect patient engagement, including interest in accepting social needs navigation. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multivariable logistic regression analysis and data from the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model in Oregon. Participants were Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries in the AHC model from October 2018 through December 2020. The outcome variable was patients' willingness to accept social needs navigation assistance. We included an interaction term (total number of social needs + screening mode) to test whether in-person versus remote screening was an effect modifier. RESULTS The study included participants who screened positive for ≥1 social need(s); 43% were screened in person and 57% remotely. Overall, 71% of participants were willing to accept help with social needs. Neither screening mode nor interaction term were significantly associated with willingness to accept navigation assistance. CONCLUSIONS Among patients presenting with similar numbers of social needs, results indicate that type of screening mode may not adversely affect patients' willingness to accept health care-based navigation for social needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Louise Steeves-Reece
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL).
| | - Melinda Marie Davis
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Jean Hiebert Larson
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Zoe Major-McDowall
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Anne Elizabeth King
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Christina Nicolaidis
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Bruce Goldberg
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Dawn Michele Richardson
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
| | - Stephan Lindner
- From the Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR (ALS, MMD, DMR, SL); Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (ALS, JHL, ZM, AEK, BG, MMD); Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (MMD); School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR (CN); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (CN); Center for Health Systems Effectiveness, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (SL)
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Jiao J, Hansen K, Azimian A. Disparities in the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Transit Ridership in Austin, Texas, U.S.A. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 2023; 2677:287-297. [PMID: 37153206 PMCID: PMC10149487 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231159906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted day-to-day lives and infrastructure across the United States, including public transit systems, which saw precipitous declines in ridership beginning in March 2020. This study aimed to explore the disparities in ridership decline across census tracts in Austin, TX and whether demographic and spatial characteristics exist that are related to these declines. Transit ridership data from the Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority were used in conjunction with American Community Survey data to understand the spatial distribution of ridership changes caused by the pandemic. Using a multivariate clustering analysis as well as geographically weighted regression models, the analysis indicated that areas of the city with older populations as well as higher percentages of Black and Hispanic populations were associated with less severe declines in ridership, whereas areas with higher unemployment saw steeper declines. The percentage of Hispanic residents appeared to affect ridership most clearly in the center of Austin. These findings support and expand on previous research that found that the impacts of the pandemic on transit ridership have emphasized the disparities in transit usage and dependence across the United States and within cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Jiao
- Urban Information Lab, University of
Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Kent Hansen
- Urban Information Lab, University of
Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Amin Azimian
- Urban Information Lab, University of
Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Sabo S, O'Meara L, Yellowhair J, Hamilton J, Nashio JTN, Bender B, Flores F, Bennett M, Metts R, Denton I, Russell K. Community Health Representative Workforce: Integration across systems and teams to address the social determinants of indigenous health and wellbeing. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1047152. [PMID: 37033042 PMCID: PMC10075253 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1047152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribally employed, Community Health Representatives (CHRs) serving Indigenous and American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) peoples are culturally and linguistically embedded community leaders, with the unique ability to serve as the link and intermediary between community members and systems. Unique to the CHR workforce scope of practice is the expectation for high level integration within the medical and social service care team. This explicit role outlined in the scope of work sets an expectation for both CHR and care teams to deliver integrated patient, family, and systems level care coordination and case management. This paper aims to build from our previous manuscript published in Volume 1 of the special issue Community Health Workers Practice from Recruitment to Integration. In that Volume, we explored through a Community Case Study CHR Managers' perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for full CHR integration into health systems and teams serving AIAN. In this paper, we offer new information about the current CHR and CHR Managers' involvements and perceived level of integration within health care teams and the broader public health systems addressing the social and structural determinants of health. We approach this topic considering the COVID-19 pandemic and how CHRs and CHR Programs were included and not included in tribal pandemic response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sabo
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Louisa O'Meara
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Janet Yellowhair
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Brook Bender
- Hualapai Tribe, Peach Springs, AZ, United States
| | | | - Marianne Bennett
- Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Rema Metts
- Gila River Health Care, Sacaton, AZ, United States
| | - Isabella Denton
- Arizona Advisory Council on Indian Health Care, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kim Russell
- Arizona Advisory Council on Indian Health Care, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Cross-regional analysis of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in Southeast Asia during the transitional period of “living with COVID-19”. Health Place 2023; 81:103000. [PMID: 37011444 PMCID: PMC10008814 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In response to COVID-19, Southeast Asian (SEA) countries had imposed stringent lockdowns and restrictions to mitigate the pandemic ever since 2019. Because of a gradually boosting vaccination rate along with a strong demand for economic recovery, many governments have shifted the intervention strategy from restrictions to “Living with COVID-19” where people gradually resumed their normal activities since the second half of the year 2021. Noticeably, timelines for enacting the loosened strategy varied across Southeast Asian countries, which resulted in different patterns of human mobility across space and time. This thus presents an opportunity to study the relationship between mobility and the number of infection cases across regions, which could provide support for ongoing interventions in terms of effectiveness. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections across space and time during the transition period of shifting strategies from restrictions to normal living in Southeast Asia. Our research results have significant implications for evidence-based policymaking at the present of the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health issues. Methods We aggregated weekly average human mobility data derived from the Facebook origin and destination Movement dataset. and weekly average new cases of COVID-19 at the district level from 01-Jun-2021 to 26-Dec-2021 (a total of 30 weeks). We mapped the spatiotemporal dynamics of human mobility and COVID-19 cases across countries in SEA. We further adopted the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model to identify the spatiotemporal variations of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections over 30 weeks. Our model also controls for socioeconomic status, vaccination, and stringency of intervention to better identify the impact of human mobility on COVID-19 spread. Results The percentage of districts that presented a statistically significant association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections generally decreased from 96.15% in week 1 to 90.38% in week 30, indicating a gradual disconnection between human mobility and COVID-19 spread. Over the study period, the average coefficients in 7 SEA countries increased, decreased, and finally kept stable. The association between human mobility and COVID-19 spread also presents spatial heterogeneity where higher coefficients were mainly concentrated in districts of Indonesia from week 1 to week 10 (ranging from 0.336 to 0.826), while lower coefficients were mainly located in districts of Vietnam (ranging from 0.044 to 0.130). From week 10 to week 25, higher coefficients were mainly observed in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, north Indonesia, and several districts of the Philippines. Despite the association showing a general weakening trend over time, significant positive coefficients were observed in Singapore, Malaysia, western Indonesia, and the Philippines, with the relatively highest coefficients observed in the Philippines in week 30 (ranging from 0.101 to 0.139). Conclusions The loosening interventions in response to COVID-19 in SEA countries during the second half of 2021 led to diverse changes in human mobility over time, which may result in the COVID-19 infection dynamics. This study investigated the association between mobility and infections at the regional level during the special transitional period. Our study has important implications for public policy interventions, especially at the later stage of a public health crisis.
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Unique Genomic Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the White Mountain Apache Tribe, April to August 2020, Arizona. mSphere 2023; 8:e0065922. [PMID: 36853059 PMCID: PMC10117077 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00659-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within the White Mountain Apache Tribe (WMAT) in Arizona was diagnosed almost 1 month after community transmission was recognized in the state. Aggressive contact tracing allowed for robust genomic epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and subsequent phylogenetic analyses implicated only two virus introductions, which resulted in the spread of two unique viral lineages on the reservation. The phylogenies of these lineages reflect the nature of the introductions, the remoteness of the community, and the extraordinarily high attack rates. The timing and space-limited nature of the outbreaks validate the public health tracing efforts involved, which were illustrated by multiple short transmission chains over a period of several weeks, eventually resulting in extinction of the lineages. Comprehensive sampling and successful infection control efforts are illustrated in both the effective population size analyses and the limited mortality outcomes. The rapid spread and high attack rates of the two lineages may be due to a combination of sociological determinants of the WMAT and a seemingly enhanced transmissibility. The SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology of the WMAT demonstrates a unique local history of the pandemic and highlights the extraordinary and successful efforts of their public health response. IMPORTANCE This article discusses the introduction and spread of two unique viral lineages of SARS-CoV-2 within the White Mountain Apache Tribe in Arizona. Both genomic sequencing and traditional epidemiological strategies (e.g., contract tracing) were used to understand the nature of the spread of both lineages. Beyond providing a robust genomic analysis of the epidemiology of the outbreaks, this work also highlights the successful efforts of the local public health response.
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Truong JM, Meyer LG, Karirirwe G, Cory C, Dennehy TJ, Williams R, Jackman J, Clement W, Collins J, Gettel A, Holguin G, Kulaga J, Ledesma D, Levy S, Maroofi H, Perez V, Prete K, Schlum K, Tompkins C, Vital R, Zamora S, Jehn M. Developing an Equitable COVID-19 Pandemic Response: Lessons Learned From a Multisectoral Public Health Partnership in Guadalupe, Arizona. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678221144954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted communities that are medically underserved across the United States, including the 6,700 Hispanic and Pascua Yaqui residents of Guadalupe, Arizona. In May 2020, Guadalupe experienced new COVID-19 cases at a rate 13.9 times as high as its surrounding county, urging town leadership to establish the Guadalupe Community Response Team (GCRT), a multisectoral network of community, academic, and public health partners. The objectives of the GCRT were to: (a) increase access to health and support services; (b) develop novel and intensive outreach efforts; and (c) build partnerships to strengthen public health capacity. From June 2020 to December 2021, the GCRT provided door-to-door case investigation and resource provision, coordinated testing and vaccination events, created public health communications, and developed COVID-19 guidance for cultural gatherings. These interventions were implemented in an effort to reduce community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and increase equitable access to testing, vaccination, and social support resources. Cultural leaders, such as promotores de salud and Yaqui Cultural Specialists, were integral in building trust among community members. The GCRT provides valuable lessons learned on the importance of implementing a culturally grounded approach to COVID-19 mitigation to increase equitable access to health services during a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Gettel
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kip Schlum
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ricky Vital
- Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Guadalupe, AZ, USA
- Town of Guadalupe, Guadalupe, AZ, USA
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Sears G, Tutt M, Sabo S, Lee N, Teufel-Shone N, Baca A, Bennett M, Nashio JTN, Flores F, Baldwin J. Building Trust and Awareness to Increase AZ Native Nation Participation in COVID-19 Vaccines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:31. [PMID: 36612352 PMCID: PMC9819330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish effective, culturally appropriate strategies to enhance participation of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in prevention and treatment of COVID-19, including vaccine uptake. Thirteen Community Health Representatives (CHRs) from three Arizona Native nations tailored education materials to each community. CHRs delivered the intervention to over 160 community members and administered a pre-posttest to assess trusted sources of information, knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Based on pre-posttest results, doctors/healthcare providers and CHRs were the most trusted health messengers for COVID-19 information; contacts on social media, the state and federal governments, and mainstream news were among the least trusted. Almost two-thirds of respondents felt the education session was relevant to their community and culture, and more than half reported using the education materials to talk to a family member or friend about getting vaccinated. About 67% trusted the COVID-19 information provided and 74% trusted the CHR providing the information. Culturally and locally relevant COVID-19 vaccine information was welcomed and used by community members to advocate for vaccination. The materials and education provided by CHRs were viewed as helpful and emphasized the trust and influence CHRs have in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Sears
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Marissa Tutt
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Samantha Sabo
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Naomi Lee
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Nicolette Teufel-Shone
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Anthony Baca
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julie Baldwin
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Jing F, Li Z, Qiao S, Zhang J, Olatosi B, Li X. Investigating the relationships between concentrated disadvantage, place connectivity, and COVID-19 fatality in the United States over time. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2346. [PMID: 36517796 PMCID: PMC9748905 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrated disadvantaged areas have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 outbreak in the United States (US). Meanwhile, highly connected areas may contribute to higher human movement, leading to higher COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study examined the associations between concentrated disadvantage, place connectivity, and COVID-19 fatality in the US over time. METHODS Concentrated disadvantage was assessed based on the spatial concentration of residents with low socioeconomic status. Place connectivity was defined as the normalized number of shared Twitter users between the county and all other counties in the contiguous US in a year (Y = 2019). COVID-19 fatality was measured as the cumulative COVID-19 deaths divided by the cumulative COVID-19 cases. Using county-level (N = 3,091) COVID-19 fatality over four time periods (up to October 31, 2021), we performed mixed-effect negative binomial regressions to examine the association between concentrated disadvantage, place connectivity, and COVID-19 fatality, considering potential state-level variations. The moderation effects of county-level place connectivity and concentrated disadvantage were analyzed. Spatially lagged variables of COVID-19 fatality were added to the models to control for the effect of spatial autocorrelations in COVID-19 fatality. RESULTS Concentrated disadvantage was significantly associated with an increased COVID-19 fatality in four time periods (p < 0.01). More importantly, moderation analysis suggested that place connectivity significantly exacerbated the harmful effect of concentrated disadvantage on COVID-19 fatality in three periods (p < 0.01), and this significant moderation effect increased over time. The moderation effects were also significant when using place connectivity data from the previous year. CONCLUSIONS Populations living in counties with both high concentrated disadvantage and high place connectivity may be at risk of a higher COVID-19 fatality. Greater COVID-19 fatality that occurs in concentrated disadvantaged counties may be partially due to higher human movement through place connectivity. In response to COVID-19 and other future infectious disease outbreaks, policymakers are encouraged to take advantage of historical disadvantage and place connectivity data in epidemic monitoring and surveillance of the disadvantaged areas that are highly connected, as well as targeting vulnerable populations and communities for additional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Jing
- Department of Geography, Geoinformation and Big Data Research Lab, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Geography, Geoinformation and Big Data Research Lab, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Liao Q, Dong M, Yuan J, Lam WWT, Fielding R. Community vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative synthesis from an ecological perspective. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05054. [PMID: 36462204 PMCID: PMC9719409 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to conduct a narrative synthesis of components and indicators of community vulnerability to a pandemic and discuss their interrelationships from an ecological perspective. Methods We searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus (updated to November 2021) for studies focusing on community vulnerability to a pandemic caused by novel respiratory viruses on a geographic unit basis . Studies that reported the associations of community vulnerability levels with at least one disease morbidity or mortality outcome were included. Results Forty-one studies were included. All were about the COVID-19 pandemic. Suitable temperature and humidity environments, advanced social and human development (including high population density and human mobility, connectivity, and occupations), and settings that intensified physical interactions are important indicators of vulnerability to viral exposure. However, the eventual pandemic health impacts are predominant in communities that faced environmental pollution, higher proportions of socioeconomically deprived people, health deprivation, higher proportions of poor-condition households, limited access to preventive health care and urban infrastructure, uneven social and human development, and racism. More stringent social distancing policies were associated with lower COVID-19 morbidity and mortality only in the early pandemic phases. Prolonged social distancing policies can disproportionately burden the socially disadvantaged and racially/ethnically marginalized groups. Conclusions Community vulnerability to a pandemic is foremost the vulnerability of the ecological systems shaped by complex interactions between the human and environmental systems. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42021266186).
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18
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Mays VM, Echo-Hawk A, Cochran SD, Akee R. Data Equity in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: Respecting Sovereign Nations' Right to Meaningful and Usable COVID-19 Data. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1416-1420. [PMID: 36103697 PMCID: PMC9480466 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vickie M Mays
- Vickie M. Mays is with the Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Abigail Echo-Hawk is with the Urban Indian Health Institute, Seattle, WA. Susan D. Cochran is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles. Randall Akee is with the Department of Public Policy, Luskin School of Public Policy, and the Department of American Indian Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Abigail Echo-Hawk
- Vickie M. Mays is with the Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Abigail Echo-Hawk is with the Urban Indian Health Institute, Seattle, WA. Susan D. Cochran is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles. Randall Akee is with the Department of Public Policy, Luskin School of Public Policy, and the Department of American Indian Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan D Cochran
- Vickie M. Mays is with the Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Abigail Echo-Hawk is with the Urban Indian Health Institute, Seattle, WA. Susan D. Cochran is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles. Randall Akee is with the Department of Public Policy, Luskin School of Public Policy, and the Department of American Indian Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Randall Akee
- Vickie M. Mays is with the Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. Abigail Echo-Hawk is with the Urban Indian Health Institute, Seattle, WA. Susan D. Cochran is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles. Randall Akee is with the Department of Public Policy, Luskin School of Public Policy, and the Department of American Indian Studies, University of California, Los Angeles
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19
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Fallah‐Aliabadi S, Fatemi F, Heydari A, Khajehaminian MR, Lotfi MH, Mirzaei M, Sarsangi A. Social vulnerability indicators in pandemics focusing on COVID-19: A systematic literature review. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:1142-1155. [PMID: 35388516 PMCID: PMC9115425 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social factors can affect the vulnerability of disaster-prone communities. This review aimed to identify and categorize social vulnerability indicators in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in February 2021. Bibliographies, citation databases, and other available records were investigated based on the aim of the study. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools were applied for assessing the included articles retrieved through the comprehensive and systematic literature search. Descriptive and thematic analyses were done to extract the indicators affecting social vulnerability in the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Thirty-one eligible articles were included and 85 indicators of social vulnerability were extracted. The indicators were categorized in seven main categories, including; Household, community composition; Race, minority status and language; Socioeconomic status; Community health status; Public health infra-structures; Education; Information, technology and communication. CONCLUSION Regions with higher social vulnerability experienced greater mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional research is needed to measure the social vulnerability index in pandemics to prioritize distribution of scarce resources and ensure effectiveness and equity for all regions of countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Fallah‐Aliabadi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and DisastersSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Farin Fatemi
- Research Center for Health Sciences and TechnologiesSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Ahad Heydari
- Department of Health in Emergencies and DisastersSchool of MedicineKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khajehaminian
- Department of Health in Emergencies and DisastersSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Lotfi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterDepartment of Health Education and PromotionSchool of HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Healthcare Data Modeling CenterDepartments of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Alireza Sarsangi
- Department of Remote Sensing and GISFaculty of GeographyUniversity of TehranTehranIran
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Holter OG, Goforth AN, Pyke‐Pierce K, Aguilar LN, Belcourt A. School‐based racial microaggressions and depression among Indigenous young adults. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G. Holter
- Department of Psychology Central Washington University Ellensburg Washington USA
| | - Anisa N. Goforth
- Department of Psychology University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | | | - Lisa N. Aguilar
- Department of Educational Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Annie Belcourt
- Native American Studies University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
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Nazia N, Butt ZA, Bedard ML, Tang WC, Sehar H, Law J. Methods Used in the Spatial and Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemiology: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8267. [PMID: 35886114 PMCID: PMC9324591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was spatially heterogeneous around the world; the transmission of the disease is driven by complex spatial and temporal variations in socioenvironmental factors. Spatial tools are useful in supporting COVID-19 control programs. A substantive review of the merits of the methodological approaches used to understand the spatial epidemiology of the disease is hardly undertaken. In this study, we reviewed the methodological approaches used to identify the spatial and spatiotemporal variations of COVID-19 and the socioeconomic, demographic and climatic drivers of such variations. We conducted a systematic literature search of spatial studies of COVID-19 published in English from Embase, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2019 to 7 September 2021. Methodological quality assessments were also performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk of bias tool. A total of 154 studies met the inclusion criteria that used frequentist (85%) and Bayesian (15%) modelling approaches to identify spatial clusters and the associated risk factors. Bayesian models in the studies incorporated various spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal effects into the modelling schemes. This review highlighted the need for more local-level advanced Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling through the multi-level framework for COVID-19 prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushrat Nazia
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (Z.A.B.); (M.L.B.); (W.-C.T.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Zahid Ahmad Butt
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (Z.A.B.); (M.L.B.); (W.-C.T.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Melanie Lyn Bedard
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (Z.A.B.); (M.L.B.); (W.-C.T.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Wang-Choi Tang
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (Z.A.B.); (M.L.B.); (W.-C.T.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Hibah Sehar
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (Z.A.B.); (M.L.B.); (W.-C.T.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jane Law
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (Z.A.B.); (M.L.B.); (W.-C.T.); (H.S.); (J.L.)
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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22
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Foxworth R, Redvers N, Moreno MA, Lopez-Carmen VA, Sanchez GR, Shultz JM. Covid-19 Vaccination in American Indians and Alaska Natives - Lessons from Effective Community Responses. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:2403-2406. [PMID: 34919356 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp2113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Foxworth
- From the First Nations Development Institute, Longmont, CO (R.F.); the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (N.R.); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.M.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.A.L.-C.); the Center for Social Policy and the Native American Budget and Policy Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (G.R.S.); and the Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.M.S.)
| | - Nicole Redvers
- From the First Nations Development Institute, Longmont, CO (R.F.); the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (N.R.); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.M.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.A.L.-C.); the Center for Social Policy and the Native American Budget and Policy Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (G.R.S.); and the Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.M.S.)
| | - Marcos A Moreno
- From the First Nations Development Institute, Longmont, CO (R.F.); the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (N.R.); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.M.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.A.L.-C.); the Center for Social Policy and the Native American Budget and Policy Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (G.R.S.); and the Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.M.S.)
| | - Victor A Lopez-Carmen
- From the First Nations Development Institute, Longmont, CO (R.F.); the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (N.R.); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.M.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.A.L.-C.); the Center for Social Policy and the Native American Budget and Policy Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (G.R.S.); and the Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.M.S.)
| | - Gabriel R Sanchez
- From the First Nations Development Institute, Longmont, CO (R.F.); the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (N.R.); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.M.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.A.L.-C.); the Center for Social Policy and the Native American Budget and Policy Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (G.R.S.); and the Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.M.S.)
| | - James M Shultz
- From the First Nations Development Institute, Longmont, CO (R.F.); the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (N.R.); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (M.A.M.); Harvard Medical School, Boston (V.A.L.-C.); the Center for Social Policy and the Native American Budget and Policy Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (G.R.S.); and the Center for Disaster and Extreme Event Preparedness, Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (J.M.S.)
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Exploring temporal varying demographic and economic disparities in COVID-19 infections in four U.S. areas: based on OLS, GWR, and random forest models. COMPUTATIONAL URBAN SCIENCE 2021; 1:27. [PMID: 34901952 PMCID: PMC8642183 DOI: 10.1007/s43762-021-00028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have previously investigated the spatial factors of COVID-19, most of them were conducted at a low resolution and chose to limit their study areas to high-density urbanized regions. Hence, this study aims to investigate the economic-demographic disparities in COVID-19 infections and their spatial-temporal patterns in areas with different population densities in the United States. In particular, we examined the relationships between demographic and economic factors and COVID-19 density using ordinary least squares, geographically weighted regression analyses, and random forest based on zip code-level data of four regions in the United States. Our results indicated that the demographic and economic disparities are significant. Moreover, several areas with disadvantaged groups were found to be at high risk of COVID19 infection, and their infection risk changed at different pandemic periods. The findings of this study can contribute to the planning of public health services, such as the adoption of smarter and comprehensive policies for allocating economic recovery resources and vaccines during a public health crisis.
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Hill M, Houghton F, Hoss MAK. The inequitable impact of Covid-19 among American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) communities is the direct result of centuries of persecution and racism. J R Soc Med 2021; 114:549-551. [PMID: 34704844 PMCID: PMC8722777 DOI: 10.1177/01410768211051710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margo Hill
- Department of Planning & Public Administration Eastern Washington University (EWU), Spokane, WA 99004, USA
| | - Frank Houghton
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Limerick V94 EC5T, Ireland
| | - Mary Ann Keogh Hoss
- Department of Planning & Public Administration Eastern Washington University (EWU), Spokane, WA 99004, USA
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Huyser KR, Yang TC, Yellow Horse AJ. Indigenous Peoples, concentrated disadvantage, and income inequality in New Mexico: a ZIP code-level investigation of spatially varying associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and confirmed COVID-19 cases. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:1044-1049. [PMID: 33757989 PMCID: PMC7992386 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease pandemic has disproportionately affected poor and racial/ethnic minority individuals and communities, especially Indigenous Peoples. The object of this study is to understand the spatially varying associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in New Mexico at the ZIP code level. METHODS We constructed ZIP code-level data (n=372) using the 2014-2018 American Community Survey and COVID-19 data from the New Mexico Department of Health (as of 24 May 2020). The log-linear Poisson and geographically weighted Poisson regression are applied to model the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (total population as the offset) in a ZIP code. RESULTS The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in a ZIP code is positively associated with socioeconomic disadvantages-specifically, the high levels of concentrated disadvantage and income inequality. It is also positively associated with the percentage of American Indian and Alaskan Native populations, net of other potential confounders at the ZIP code level. Importantly, these associations are spatially varying in that some ZIP codes suffer more from concentrated disadvantage than others. CONCLUSIONS Additional attention for COVID-19 mitigation effort should focus on areas with higher levels of concentrated disadvantage, income inequality, and higher percentage of American Indian and Alaska Native populations as these areas have higher incidence of COVID-19. The findings also highlight the importance of plumbing in all households for access to clean and safe water, and the dissemination of educational materials aimed at COVID-19 prevention in non-English language including Indigenous languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Huyser
- Sociology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tse-Chuan Yang
- Sociology, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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Huyser KR, Horse AJY, Kuhlemeier AA, Huyser MR. COVID-19 Pandemic and Indigenous Representation in Public Health Data. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:S208-S214. [PMID: 34709868 PMCID: PMC8561074 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Public Health 3.0 calls for the inclusion of new partners and novel data to bring systemic change to the US public health landscape. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has illuminated significant data gaps influenced by ongoing colonial legacies of racism and erasure. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and communities have been disproportionately affected by incomplete public health data and by the COVID-19 pandemic itself. Our findings indicate that only 26 US states were able to calculate COVID-19‒related death rates for AI/AN populations. Given that 37 states have Indian Health Service locations, we argue that public health researchers and practitioners should have a far larger data set of aggregated public health information on AI/AN populations. Despite enormous obstacles, local Tribal facilities have created effective community responses to COVID-19 testing, tracking, and vaccine administration. Their knowledge can lead the way to a healthier nation. Federal and state governments and health agencies must learn to responsibly support Tribal efforts, collect data from AI/AN persons in partnership with Indian Health Service and Tribal governments, and communicate effectively with Tribal authorities to ensure Indigenous data sovereignty. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3): S208-S214. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306415).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Huyser
- Kimberly R. Huyser is with the Department of Sociology at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Aggie J. Yellow Horse is with the School of Social Transformation at the Arizona State University, Tempe. Alena A. Kuhlemeier is with the Department of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Michelle R. Huyser is with the Department of Surgery at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Aggie J Yellow Horse
- Kimberly R. Huyser is with the Department of Sociology at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Aggie J. Yellow Horse is with the School of Social Transformation at the Arizona State University, Tempe. Alena A. Kuhlemeier is with the Department of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Michelle R. Huyser is with the Department of Surgery at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Alena A Kuhlemeier
- Kimberly R. Huyser is with the Department of Sociology at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Aggie J. Yellow Horse is with the School of Social Transformation at the Arizona State University, Tempe. Alena A. Kuhlemeier is with the Department of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Michelle R. Huyser is with the Department of Surgery at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michelle R Huyser
- Kimberly R. Huyser is with the Department of Sociology at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Aggie J. Yellow Horse is with the School of Social Transformation at the Arizona State University, Tempe. Alena A. Kuhlemeier is with the Department of Sociology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Michelle R. Huyser is with the Department of Surgery at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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28
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Diamond J, Spiegel A, Hill TW, VanWormer E, Gaiashkibos J, Hall B, Sutherlen A, McQuillan J. Developing Pandemic Comics for Youth Audiences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 4. [PMID: 34532652 DOI: 10.15695/jstem/v4i2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In spring 2020 our team received funding from the Rapid Response Research program of the National Science Foundation to develop comics that would help youth understand the COVID-19 pandemic. Our project built on a decade of expertise creating comics about the biology of viruses. In collaboration with virologists and artists, we developed three comic stories about COVID-19 during the pandemic and posted them on-line during the last half of 2020. The fictional narratives address fundamental issues in biology, virology, and network science, in order to help readers understand the complexities of living through a viral pandemic. The stories focus on three themes: the biology and social context of the COVID-19 virus; the relationship of wild animals, particularly bats, to the pandemic; and the impact of the pandemic on Tribal communities. We describe the challenges of comic development during the pandemic and the feedback from youth on whether the comics were appealing, interesting, and understandable. The stories were posted on worldofviruses.unl.edu and are published by the University of Nebraska Press as the book, C'RONA Pandemic Comics, with essays for youth about the virus and the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Diamond
- Museum and Libraries, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
| | - Amy Spiegel
- Methodology & Evaluation Research Core Facility, and Departments of University of Nebraska - Lincoln
| | - Trish Wonch Hill
- Methodology & Evaluation Research Core Facility, and Departments of University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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Mollalo A, Tatar M. Spatial Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9488. [PMID: 34574416 PMCID: PMC8467210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccine services. Despite the efforts of United States healthcare providers to vaccinate the bulk of its population, vaccine hesitancy is still a severe challenge that has led to the resurgence of COVID-19 cases to over 100,000 people during early August 2021. To our knowledge, there are limited nationwide studies that examined the spatial distribution of vaccination rates, mainly based on the social vulnerability index (SVI). In this study, we compiled a database of the percentage of fully vaccinated people at the county scale across the continental United States as of 29 July 2021, along with SVI data as potential significant covariates. We further employed multiscale geographically weighted regression to model spatial nonstationarity of vaccination rates. Our findings indicated that the model could explain over 79% of the variance of vaccination rate based on Per capita income and Minority (%) (with positive impacts), and Age 17 and younger (%), Mobile homes (%), and Uninsured people (%) (with negative effects). However, the impact of each covariate varied for different counties due to using separate optimal bandwidths. This timely study can serve as a geospatial reference to support public health decision-makers in forming region-specific policies in monitoring vaccination programs from a geographic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH 44017, USA
| | - Moosa Tatar
- Matheson Center for Health Care Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
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Emerson MA, Montoya T. Confronting Legacies of Structural Racism and Settler Colonialism to Understand COVID-19 Impacts on the Navajo Nation. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:1465-1469. [PMID: 34464207 PMCID: PMC8489652 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Emerson
- Marc A. Emerson is with the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Teresa Montoya is with the Department of Anthropology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Both coauthors are Diné and members of the Navajo Nation
| | - Teresa Montoya
- Marc A. Emerson is with the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Teresa Montoya is with the Department of Anthropology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Both coauthors are Diné and members of the Navajo Nation
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Marcelin JR, Swartz TH, Bernice F, Berthaud V, Christian R, da Costa C, Fadul N, Floris-Moore M, Hlatshwayo M, Johansson P, Kullar R, Manning K, McGee EU, Medlin C, Piggott DA, Syed U, Snowden J, Tan T, Abdul-Mutakabbir JC. Addressing and Inspiring Vaccine Confidence in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab417. [PMID: 34580644 PMCID: PMC8385873 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have witnessed profound health inequities suffered by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). These manifested as differential access to testing early in the pandemic, rates of severe disease and death 2-3 times higher than white Americans, and, now, significantly lower vaccine uptake compared with their share of the population affected by COVID-19. This article explores the impact of these COVID-19 inequities (and the underlying cause, structural racism) on vaccine acceptance in BIPOC populations, ways to establish trustworthiness of healthcare institutions, increase vaccine access for BIPOC communities, and inspire confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine R Marcelin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha Nebraska, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fidelia Bernice
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vladimir Berthaud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robbie Christian
- Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher da Costa
- The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nada Fadul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha Nebraska, USA
| | - Michelle Floris-Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matifadza Hlatshwayo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John Cochrane VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ravina Kullar
- Expert Stewardship Inc., Newport Beach, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Manning
- Division of General Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edoabasi U McGee
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Suwanee, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Damani A Piggott
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Uzma Syed
- South Shore Infectious Disease & Travel Medicine Consultants, P.C., Bay Shore, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Snowden
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tina Tan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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32
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Humphreys JM, Young KI, Cohnstaedt LW, Hanley KA, Peters DPC. Vector Surveillance, Host Species Richness, and Demographic Factors as West Nile Disease Risk Indicators. Viruses 2021; 13:934. [PMID: 34070039 PMCID: PMC8267946 DOI: 10.3390/v13050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the United States (US) and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the country. The virus has affected tens of thousands of US persons total since its 1999 North America introduction, with thousands of new infections reported annually. Approximately 1% of humans infected with WNV acquire neuroinvasive West Nile Disease (WND) with severe encephalitis and risk of death. Research describing WNV ecology is needed to improve public health surveillance, monitoring, and risk assessment. We applied Bayesian joint-spatiotemporal modeling to assess the association of vector surveillance data, host species richness, and a variety of other environmental and socioeconomic disease risk factors with neuroinvasive WND throughout the conterminous US. Our research revealed that an aging human population was the strongest disease indicator, but climatic and vector-host biotic interactions were also significant in determining risk of neuroinvasive WND. Our analysis also identified a geographic region of disproportionately high neuroinvasive WND disease risk that parallels the Continental Divide, and extends southward from the US-Canada border in the states of Montana, North Dakota, and Wisconsin to the US-Mexico border in western Texas. Our results aid in unraveling complex WNV ecology and can be applied to prioritize disease surveillance locations and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Humphreys
- Pest Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| | - Katherine I. Young
- Jornada Experimental Range Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; (K.I.Y.); (D.P.C.P.)
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
| | - Lee W. Cohnstaedt
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;
| | - Debra P. C. Peters
- Jornada Experimental Range Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; (K.I.Y.); (D.P.C.P.)
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Humeyestewa D, Burke RM, Kaur H, Vicenti D, Jenkins R, Yatabe G, Hirschman J, Hamilton J, Fazekas K, Leslie G, Sehongva G, Honanie K, Tu'tsi E, Mayer O, Rose MA, Diallo Y, Damon S, Zilversmit Pao L, McCraw HM, Talawyma B, Herne M, Nuvangyaoma TL, Welch S, Balajee SA. COVID-19 response by the Hopi Tribe: impact of systems improvement during the first wave on the second wave of the pandemic. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005150. [PMID: 33963017 PMCID: PMC8108130 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hopi Tribe is a sovereign nation home to ~7500 Hopi persons living primarily in 12 remote villages. The Hopi Tribe, like many other American Indian nations, has been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. On 18 May 2020, a team from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was deployed on the request of the tribe in response to increases in COVID-19 cases. Collaborating with Hopi Health Care Center (the reservation’s federally run Indian Health Service health facility) and CDC, the Hopi strengthened public health systems and response capacity from May to August including: (1) implementing routine COVID-19 surveillance reporting; (2) establishing the Hopi Incident Management Authority for rapid coordination and implementation of response activities across partners; (3) implementing a community surveillance programme to facilitate early case detection and educate communities on COVID-19 prevention; and (4) applying innovative communication strategies to encourage mask wearing, hand hygiene and physical distancing. These efforts, as well as community adherence to mitigation measures, helped to drive down cases in August. As cases increased in September–November, the improved capacity gained during the first wave of the pandemic enabled the Hopi leadership to have real-time awareness of the changing epidemiological landscape. This prompted rapid response coordination, swift scale up of health communications and redeployment of the community surveillance programme. The Hopi experience in strengthening their public health systems to better confront COVID-19 may be informative to other indigenous peoples as they also respond to COVID-19 within the context of disproportionate burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M Burke
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Harpriya Kaur
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Graydon Yatabe
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Kathleen Fazekas
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary Leslie
- Hopi Health Care Center, Polacca, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kay Honanie
- Hopi Health Care Center, Polacca, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Oren Mayer
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Ann Rose
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yvette Diallo
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Damon
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Leah Zilversmit Pao
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - H Mac McCraw
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Mose Herne
- Hopi Health Care Center, Polacca, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Seh Welch
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Arunmozhi Balajee
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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