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Mehta D, Kuksal K, Yadav K, Kumar Yadav S, Zhang Y, Hariram Nile S. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and encapsulation of betalain from prickly pear: Process optimization, in-vitro digestive stability, and development of functional gummies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 108:106975. [PMID: 38945052 PMCID: PMC11261438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to extract and encapsulate betalain pigment from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) using ultrasound-assisted extraction and eco-friendly glycerol. Subsequent analysis encompassed assessing its thermal stability, shelf-life, bio-accessibility, and biological properties. The process optimization employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM), focusing on glycerol concentration (20-50 %), sample to solvent ratio (1:10-1:20), temperature (30-60 °C), and time (10-30 min). Optimal conditions were determined as 23.15 % glycerol, 1:10 sample to solvent ratio, 10.43 min treatment time, and 31.15 °C temperature. Under these conditions, betalain content reached 858.28 mg/L with a 93.76 % encapsulation efficiency. Thermal stability tests (80-180 °C; 30 & 60 min) showed degradation of betalain with higher temperatures and longer durations, affecting the visual aspect (ΔE) of the pigment. Encapsulated betalain exhibited favorable shelf stability, with optimal storage life of 404.27 days at 4 °C in amber conditions, compared to 271.99 days at 4 °C without amber, 141.92 days at 25 °C without amber, and 134.22 days at 25 °C with amber. Bio-accessibility of encapsulated betalain was significantly higher (2.05 ± 0.03 %) than conventionally extracted pigment (1.03 ± 0.09 %). The encapsulated pigment displayed strong anti-inflammatory properties in dosages of 2-20 µL, with no cytotoxic effects. Additionally, incorporation into gummies was successful and visually approved by sensory panellists. Glycerol proved to be a green encapsulating agent for betalain, offering high shelf life and bio-accessibility, making it suitable for food industry applications. The encapsulated pigment demonstrated robust thermal stability and shelf life, making it suitable for food industry applications. This study highlights glycerol's potential as a sustainable alternative for natural pigment extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Mehta
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kritika Kuksal
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kamlendra Yadav
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Riaz Y, Barkaat S, Adeel S, Fazal-Ur-Rehman, Ibrahim M, Zuber M, Ozomay M, Khattak SP. Anar Phali (Opuntia ficus) juice extract as a novel pollution-free source of natural betalain dye for wool yarn. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92084-92094. [PMID: 37479940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Green products such as plant pigments in all filed are gaining fame globally due to their excellent ayurvedic and biological characteristics. In this study, microwave rays have been employed for the isolation of colorants from Anar Phali while bio-mordant have been included to get color-fast shades. The colorant was isolated in an acidic medium before and after microwave rays for 2 min. For getting darker shades with different tints, sustainable chemical and plant-based extracts as bio-mordant have been employed before and after bio coloration of wool yarn at given conditions. CIE Lab system computed in Colori-spectrophotometer (CS-410) was used to observe the change in color depth and tonal variation of dyed fabrics, and ISO standard methods have been employed to rate the colorfastness to light, washing, and rubbing at grey scale. It is concluded that microwave rays have an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colorant from Anar Phali powder for wool dyeing, whereas the addition of bio-mordants has made the process more sustainable and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samra Barkaat
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Adeel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zuber
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Meral Ozomay
- Department of Textile Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Aoulad El hadj Ali Y, Demba N’diaye A, Ahrouch M, Sakar EH, Raklami A, Lahcen AA, Stitou M. Dehydrate Sewage Sludge as an Efficient Adsorbent for Malachite Green Removal in Textile Wastewater: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Adeel S, Habib N, Batool F, Rahman A, Ahmad T, Amin N. Eco-friendly approach towards isolation of colorant from Esfand for bio-mordanted silk dyeing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13523-13533. [PMID: 34595716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability in all applied fields particularly in textiles is to protect our globe, environment, and community, where green dyed products are playing their role. For the current study, Esfand (Peganum harmala) has been explored using a green isolation tool, i.e., ultrasonic (U.S.) rays, and applied onto fabric. Different dyeing parameters have been explored statistically through response surface methodology by employing temperature (50-80°C), time (25-65 min), extract volume (15-55 mL), salt (1-5 g/100 mL), and dye bath pH (4-7) through series of experiments. For developing new shades, green mordants such as elaichi, neem, turmeric, and zeera have been utilized. It has been found that exposure of 35 mL extract of 7 pH containing 3 g/100 mL of salt as exhausting agent to U.S. rays for 30 min for the dyeing of silk at 70°C for 45 min has given maximum color strength with reddish-yellow shades. Color characteristics obtained in the CIE Lab system reveal that 5% of turmeric as meta bio-mordant has given good quality reddish-yellow shades. It is found that U.S. rays have not only good potential to isolate colorant followed by dyeing of silk under reduced condition but also the application of bio-mordants have made the process more greener, sustainable, and cleaner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Adeel
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noman Habib
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Batool
- Department of Botany, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Rahman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Amin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Molino RJEJ, Rellin KFB, Nellas RB, Junio HA. Sustainable Hues: Exploring the Molecular Palette of Biowaste Dyes through LC-MS Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:6645. [PMID: 34771057 PMCID: PMC8587104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Underutilized biowaste materials are investigated for their potential as sustainable textile colorants through an approach based on mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and chemometrics. In this study, colorful decoctions were prepared from the outer bark of Eucalyptus deglupta and fruit peels of Syzygium samarangense, Syzygium malaccense, Diospyros discolor, and Dillenia philippinensis. Textile dyeing was performed along with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics to determine the small molecules responsible for the observed colors. Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) guided the annotation of black-producing proanthocyanidins in D. philippinensis and E. deglupta through complexation with FeSO4 mordant. Flavonoids from the yellow-colored D. philippinensis extracts were found to be similar to those in Terminalia catappa, a known traditional dye source. A higher intensity of epicatechin in E. deglupta produced a red-brown color in the presence of Cu2+. Furthermore, Syzygium fruit peels have poor wash-fastness in cotton fibers, but bioactive chalcone unique to S. samarangense samples may be a potential nutritional food colorant. Unsupervised PCA and supervised OPLS-DA chemometrics distinguished chemical features that affect dyeing properties beyond the observed color. These findings, along with growing data on natural dyes, could guide future research on sustainable colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph John Emerson J. Molino
- Secondary Metabolites Profiling Laboratory (SMPL), Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; (R.J.E.J.M.); (K.F.B.R.)
| | - Klidel Fae B. Rellin
- Secondary Metabolites Profiling Laboratory (SMPL), Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; (R.J.E.J.M.); (K.F.B.R.)
| | - Ricky B. Nellas
- Virtual Biochemical Simulations Laboratory (Good VIBEs), Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;
| | - Hiyas A. Junio
- Secondary Metabolites Profiling Laboratory (SMPL), Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; (R.J.E.J.M.); (K.F.B.R.)
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