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Lee CY, Zakaria Z, Selvarajah GT, Mustaffa-Kamal F, Voon KGL, Fong MWC, Ooi PT. Screening of Streptococcus suis in swine workers of selected states in Peninsular Malaysia. Vet World 2024; 17:1-7. [PMID: 38406356 PMCID: PMC10884579 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that is highly associated with contact between live pigs and raw pig material. In view of the recent reports of human infections in Malaysia, epidemiological data on the status of S. suis in the human population, especially among people working closely with pigs and/or raw pork, should be provided. The aim of this study was to detect S. suis among individuals working in the swine industry in several major pig production areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods Demographic information, exposure determinants, and oral swabs were collected from swine personnel, including farmers, butchers, and veterinarians. Oral swabs were subjected to bacterial isolation and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for S. suis detection. Results The study included 40 participants working in the swine industry, with a predominant representation of males (62.5%) and Malaysian Chinese individuals (60.0%) who consumed pork (92.5%). Notably, none of the participants reported consuming raw or partially cooked pork. In spite of their occupational exposure risk, none of the oral swabs showed positive results for S. suis infection. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report and detection study of S. suis using oral swabs obtained from swine personnel in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yien Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM - MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farina Mustaffa-Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Gah Leong Voon
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Wai Cheng Fong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rossi F, Santonicola S, Amadoro C, Marino L, Colavita G. Recent Records on Bacterial Opportunistic Infections via the Dietary Route. Microorganisms 2023; 12:69. [PMID: 38257896 PMCID: PMC10819555 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review was aimed at identifying the opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can be transmitted by contaminated food and represent a current threat for patients particularly susceptible to infections because of underlying conditions or predisposing factors. The analysis was focused on recent case or outbreak reports and systematic reviews published in the years 2019 to 2023 and resulted in sorting 24 bacterial groups comprising the genera or species able to cause a variety of systemic or invasive infections if ingested with food or drinking water. These included both bacteria known to cause mild infections in immunocompetent persons and bacteria considered to be innocuous, which are used in food fermentation or as probiotics. No recent cases of infections transmitted through dietary routes were reported for the critical nosocomial pathogens widely found in food products, primarily Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the very first sources of their introduction into the clinical environment still need to be established. In many instances, risky dietary habits, such as eating raw fish, seafood, raw meat, unpasteurized milk, and their derived products or the lack of control in fermentation processes, has led to the reported illnesses, pointing out the necessity to improve the hygiene of production and consumer awareness of the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Serena Santonicola
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.S.); (C.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmela Amadoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.S.); (C.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucio Marino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Diagnostic Laboratory, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.S.); (C.A.); (G.C.)
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Li K, Li S, Hong J, Cheng W, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Tang Q, Shen B. Meningitis and sepsis caused by Streptococcus suis in an elderly woman: A CARE-compliant case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35780. [PMID: 37904422 PMCID: PMC10615554 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Streptococcus suis (S suis)-associated infections are uncommon but life-threatening diseases. The clinical manifestations vary from general symptoms of bacterial infection to fatal meningitis. The clinical manifestation and routine diagnostic testing is not specific enough to obtain well-time diagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS We report a case of meningitis and sepsis caused by S suis infection. A 70-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with generalized pain. After hospital admission, her condition rapidly deteriorated to fever, intracranial hypertension, and disturbance of consciousness. Examination of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid with metagenomic next-generation sequencing and bacterial cultures revealed S suis infection. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES After anti-infection therapy with meropenem and vancomycin, the patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital with no residual effects. LESSONS Human infections with S suis are extremely rare. If clinicians encounter a patient with fever, disturbance of consciousness, and intracranial hypertension, especially those who have been exposed to raw pork, S suis infection should be considered. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing can be a useful adjunct for the rapid diagnosis of S suis infection and aid in the planning of clinical treatment. Meanwhile, public health awareness is necessary to limit the risk of S suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangyi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shilan Li
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiana Hong
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiyin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhangrong Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bisheng Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China
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Cahyaningtyas C, Rahmawati, Muslich LT, Hamid F, Sultan AR, Sjahril R, Massi MN, Hatta M, Madjid B. A Streptococcus suis infection causing pneumonia in Indonesia: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:4337-4340. [PMID: 36132056 PMCID: PMC9483624 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes pneumonia, sepsis, endocarditis, and meningitis. S. suis is primarily found in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. To our knowledge, the first case of S. suis infection has resulted in pneumonia in Indonesia. A 40-year-old woman suffered from shortness of breath last month. The complaint worsened one week ago. She also complained of a productive cough with thick white phlegm. She has a history of late-stage cervical cancer. The patient's vital signs were normal, except for tachypnea. Vesicular breath sounds, no wheezing, and coarse lung crackles were discovered during a physical examination. A chest x-ray showed patchy airspace opacities and interstitial thickening throughout both lungs. The following results were obtained from routine laboratory leukocytosis. Gram stain of the sputum showed a few Gram-positive cocci, mostly in pairs. We confirmed this finding by performing the blood agar, and chocolate agar revealed small α-hemolytic and catalase-negative colonies. The strain was positive for penicillin and ceftriaxone in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A combination of penicillin and ceftriaxone intravenous was utilized for definitive treatment. After completing a 14-day course of oral antibiotic medication, the patient was discharged. Her symptoms had subsided. This case should remind physicians about the possibility of cancer associated with S. suis infected patient and no clear history of exposure to pigs or other animals.
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Xu L, Wang X, Lei Z, Zhu J, Pang Y, Liu J. Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in human: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:369. [PMID: 35413851 PMCID: PMC9003998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that mainly causes meningitis, sepsis, arthritis, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis in human. To the best of our knowledge, Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis has rarely been reported. Case presentation Here we report a case of spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in a 50-year-old male patient. The patient had a history of close contact with sick pigs days before disease onset. Initially he presented with headache and fever. After admission, the patient began to experience lower back pain, which led physicians to perform a lumber puncture. Meta-genomic next generation sequencing helped identify Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid. MRI imaging indicated a spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis. Conclusions Spinal canal infection is an uncommon disease of Streptococcus suis infection. This case report indicates that people presented with fever, headache and lower back pain should also be suspected as Streptococcus suis infection, especially for those who have had a history of sick pig contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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