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van Boeckel CAA. Some recent applications of carbohydrates and their derivatives in the pharmaceutical industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19861050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hoogerhout P, Guis CP, Erkelens C, Bloemhoff W, Kerling KET, van Boom JH. Synthesis of the glycotripeptide alanyl-(O
-β-D-galactopyranosylseryl)-alanine using (9-fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl and esters of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-9,10-anthraquinone as temporary protecting groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19851040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Herzner H, Reipen T, Schultz M, Kunz H. Synthesis of glycopeptides containing carbohydrate and Peptide recognition motifs. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4495-538. [PMID: 11749356 DOI: 10.1021/cr990308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Herzner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Chapter 4 Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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6
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Toyokuni T, Hakomori S, Singhal AK. Synthetic carbohydrate vaccines: synthesis and immunogenicity of Tn antigen conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:1119-32. [PMID: 7757411 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, Tn antigen (GalNAc alpha 1-->O-Ser), was synthesized with a spacer arm, and assembled to dimeric and trimeric structures using N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha- D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine as a key building block. The synthetic antigens were conjugated with OSA and their immunogenicity examined in mice. Mice immunized with dimeric or trimeric Tn antigen showed a stronger antibody (IgM) response to a Tn-glycoprotein (asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin) than mice immunized with monomeric Tn antigen. The dimeric and trimeric Tn antigens also induced measurable IgG responses. The dimeric Tn antigen was further coupled to a Starburst dendrimer (5th generation) and to tripalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteinyl-serine, a synthetic lipopeptide of the active moiety of a major lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. Unexpectedly, the Starburst dendrimer conjugate did not stimulate any immune response specific to Tn antigen. On the other hand, immunization of mice with the lipopeptide conjugate produced not only a high IgM response but also significant IgG anti-Tn response without any carrier molecules or additional adjuvants. The production of IgG antibody is quite significant since carbohydrate antigens are in general known to produce only IgM antibody response. Being a totally synthetic, low-molecular weight, and carrier-free immunogen, the lipopeptide conjugate could be a prototype of synthetic carbohydrate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toyokuni
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA
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7
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Hanessian S, Hori H, Tu Y, Boulanger Y. Conformational analysis of the carbohydrate portion of T and TN haptens by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Garg HG, von dem Bruch K, Kunz H. Developments in the synthesis of glycopeptides containing glycosyl L-asparagine, L-serine, and L-threonine. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1994; 50:277-310. [PMID: 7942256 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Garg
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114
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9
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Nakahara Y, Iijima H, Shibayama S, Ogawa T. Stereoselective total synthesis of glycopeptides bearing the dimeric and trimeric sialosyl-Tn epitope. Carbohydr Res 1991; 216:211-25. [PMID: 1724631 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84163-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The dimeric and trimeric sialosyl-Tn epitopes, [alpha-D-Neup5Ac-(2----6)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----3)-L-Ser]n-L-Val (n = 2 and 3), which represent part of a clustered carbohydrate region of glycophorin A, a human erythrocyte glycoprotein, have been synthesised stereoselectively. 2-Azido-3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride (GalpNAc unit), Fmoc-L-serine phenacyl ester (Ser unit), and benzyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-3-S-phenyl-3-thio-D-erythro-L - gluco-2-nonulopyranosylonate bromide (Neup5Ac unit) were the key intermediates for stereoselective glycosylation. 2-Ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-promoted elongation of the peptide chain and then hydrogenolysis afforded the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakahara
- RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Saitama, Japan
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Kunz H, Birnbach S, Wernig P. Synthesis of glycopeptides with the TN and T antigen structures, and their coupling to bovine serum albumin. Carbohydr Res 1990; 202:207-23. [PMID: 2224891 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)84081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides with TN and T antigen structures that represent the N-terminal tripeptide of asialoglycophorin with blood-group M specificity have been synthesized using fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and 2-pyridylethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc) groups for amino protection and the benzyl ester as the carboxyl-blocking function. The Fmoc and the Pyoc groups could be removed by treatment with the weak base morpholine under conditions where the base-sensitive O-glycosyl-serine and -threonine linkages were stable. Ester groups were removed from the carbohydrate moieties with methanolic hydrazine, to give the TN and T antigen glycopeptides which were coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a carbodi-imide procedure and without any spacer groups. The resulting conjugates contained an average of greater than 20 glycopeptides per protein molecule. They are not microheterogeneous in the carbohydrate part as is commonly found for glycoproteins isolated from biological sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kunz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, F.R.G
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11
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Toyokuni T, Dean B, Hakomori SI. Synthetic vaccines: I. Synthesis of multivalent Tn antigen cluster-lysyllysine conjugates. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Kunz H, Unverzagt C. Schutzgruppenabhängige Stabilität von Intersaccharid-Bindungen – Synthese eines Fucosyl-Chitobiose-Glycopeptids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Kunz H, Unverzagt C. Protecting-Group-Dependent Stability of Intersaccharide Bonds?Synthesis of a Fucosyl-Chitobiose Glycopeptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198816971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Paulsen H, von Deessen U. [Synthesis of O-(5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2- nonulo-pyranosyluronic)-(2----3)-O-beta-D-galactopyrano sylp61 ----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose]. Carbohydr Res 1988; 175:283-93. [PMID: 3401880 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)84150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Paulsen
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Iijima H, Ogawa T. Total synthesis of 3-O-[2-acetamido-6-O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminyl-2-deoxy- alpha-D-galactosyl]-L-serine and a stereoisomer. Carbohydr Res 1988; 172:183-93. [PMID: 3130987 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
O-(5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2- nonulopyranoxylonic acid)-(2----6)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----3) -L-serine, a structural unit occurring in various submaxillary mucins, was synthesized for the first time by using O-[methyl (5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D- galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl)onate]-(2----6)-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2- azido-2-deoxy-D- galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (13) and N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-serine benzyl ester as the key intermediates. The trichloroacetimidate 13 was prepared by starting from two monosaccharide synthons, namely, allyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside and methyl (5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-beta-D- galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl chloride)onate, which were coupled in the presence of silver triflate in tetrahydrofuran to give the desired alpha-(2----6)-linked disaccharide in moderate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iijima
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Saitama, Japan
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Kolář Č, Knödler U, Seiler FR, Fehlhaber HW, Sinnwell V, Schultz M, Paulsen H. Ungewöhnliche Reaktion zu Glycosylurethanen bei einer Glycopeptidsynthese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198719870703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Kunz H. Synthese von Glycopeptiden, Partialstrukturen biologischer Erkennungskomponenten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19870990405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yoshikawa H, Tegoshi T, Yoshida Y. Detection of surface carbohydrates on Pneumocystis carinii by fluorescein-conjugated lectins. Parasitol Res 1987; 74:43-9. [PMID: 3125541 DOI: 10.1007/bf00534931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins react with a wide range of different carbohydrates (Table 1). Even so-called monospecific anti-H(O) lectins from Lotus tetragonolobus, Ulex europaeus, and Anguilla anguilla react not only with the anti-H determinant but also with several fucosylated carbohydrates. Consequently, the type of lectin receptor existing on the surface of Pneumocystis carinii should be determined, because only a carbohydrate analysis can demonstrate the kind of carbohydrates which exist on the cell surface of this parasite. For the purpose of this study we used fluorescent isothiocyanata (FITC)-conjugated lectins. Concanavalin A (Con A) and Maclura pomifera (MPA) agglutinin reacted to P. carinii at low concentrations, and the fluorescence intensity was gradually increased with the concentration of the lectins. With lectins from Bauhinia purpurea (BPA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (SBA), Griffonia simplicifolia (GS-I, GS-II), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA), fluorescence was emitted at high concentrations, while Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I) agglutinins did not show fluorescence. The results suggest that P. carinii has abundant Con A- and MPA-specific carbohydrates on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshikawa
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Schottelius J. Selective lectin reactions of two stocks of Leishmania enriettii with differing pathogenicity. Parasitol Res 1987; 73:1-8. [PMID: 3809146 DOI: 10.1007/bf00536329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Five days old promastigote culture forms of two stocks of Leishmania enriettii pathogenic and non-infective for Cavia procellus, were tested with the lectins of Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis-120, Soja hispida (Glycine maxima), Arachis hypogaea, Ulex europaeus, Ulex europaeus I, Ulex europaeus II, Laburnum alpinum, Lotus tetragonolobus, Euonymus europaeus and with a monoclonal antibody against blood group H. The pathogenic stock reacted with the anti-H lectin of Lotus tetragonolobus and the monoclonal anti-H and the monoclonal anti-H but not with anti-H of U. europaeus I and E. europaeus. The non-infective stock reacted with none of these anti-H specific agglutinins. They had strong agglutination reactions to C. ensiformis (500 micrograms/ml, 1,000 micrograms/ml, 10 mg/ml) R. communis-120 (1:10), S. hispida (1,000 micrograms/ml) and A. hypogaea (500 micrograms/ml, 1,000 micrograms/ml, 2,000 micrograms/ml). They showed moderate agglutinations to U. europaeus, L. alpinum and U. europaeus II. The non-infective stock showed only moderate reactions to C. ensiformis (10 mg/ml), R. communis-120 (1:10), A. hypogaea (2,000 micrograms/ml) and S. hispida (1,000 micrograms/ml). Neither N-acetylneuraminic acid nor neuraminidase was detected on the cell surface of both stocks. This result demonstrates clearly that both stocks of L. enriettii differ in their cell surface carbohydrates. The agglutination reactions with lectins of the non-infective stock of L. enriettii are very similar to L.t. major.
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Paulsen H, Schultz M. Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, LXXIII. Synthese der Tetrapeptidsequenz 12 bis 15 des Asialoglycophorin A mit vier Disaccharid-Seitenketten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198619860815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Paulsen H, Schultz M, Klamann JD, Waller B, Paal M. Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, LXVI. Synthese vonO-Glycopeptid-Blöcken des Glycophorins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198519851011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Human Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) and Tn Blood Group Precursor Antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-031739-7.50190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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24
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Grundler G, Schmidt RR. Glycosylimidate, 13. Anwendung des Trichloracetimidat-Verfahrens auf 2-Azidoglucose- und 2-Azidogalactose-Derivate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198419841108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Primary and metastatic carcinomas are epithelial in origin and comprise by far the largest group of malignant tumors in humans. In most of these tumors, T and Tn antigens, whose epitopes have been synthesized, are uncovered and immunoreactive. In all other tissues T and Tn antigens are masked and not accessible to the immune system; they are generally precursors in normal complex carbohydrate chains. Thus, carcinomas have antigens recognized as foreign by the patients' immune system. The expression of T and Tn antigens has pathogenic and clinical consequences, and the antigens themselves are powerful histological markers in carcinoma diagnosis and frequently in prognosis. Most patients distinguish their carcinoma from all other cells, as shown by strong autoimmune responses to T antigen. These responses are readily measured by assays, and they allow detection of carcinomas with greater sensitivity and specificity frequently earlier than previously possible. Moreover, the extent of T and Tn expression often correlates with carcinoma differentiation; on a molecular level, clustered T- and Tn-active structures on carcinoma cell surfaces may be involved in invasion.
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Prigent MJ, Bencomo VV, Sinaÿ P, Cartron JP. Interaction of synthetic glycopeptides carrying clusters ofO-glycosidic disaccharide chains (β-d-Gal(1–3)-α-d-GalNAc) withβ-d-galactose-binding lectins. Glycoconj J 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01875414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Verez Bencomo V, Sinaÿ P. Synthesis of M and N active glycopeptides. Part of the N-terminal region of human glycophorin A. Glycoconj J 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01875407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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