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Suits AG. Invited Review Article: Photofragment imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:111101. [PMID: 30501356 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodissociation studies in molecular beams that employ position-sensitive particle detection to map product recoil velocities emerged thirty years ago and continue to evolve with new laser and detector technologies. These powerful methods allow application of tunable laser detection of single product quantum states, simultaneous measurement of velocity and angular momentum polarization, measurement of joint product state distributions for the detected and undetected products, coincident detection of multiple product channels, and application to radicals and ions as well as closed-shell molecules. These studies have permitted deep investigation of photochemical dynamics for a broad range of systems, revealed new reaction mechanisms, and addressed problems of practical importance in atmospheric, combustion, and interstellar chemistry. This review presents an historical overview, a detailed technical account of the range of methods employed, and selected experimental highlights illustrating the capabilities of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Dochain A, Urbain X. Production of a rovibrationally selected O2+beam for dissociative recombination studies. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158405001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Savee JD, Mann JE, Laperle CM, Continetti RE. Experimental probes of transient neutral species using dissociative charge exchange. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2010.537131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Savee JD, Mann JE, Continetti RE. Dissociative Charge Exchange Dynamics of HOCO+ and DOCO+. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1485-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907480y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Savee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Robert E. Continetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
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Savee JD, Thomas RD, Mann JE, Continetti RE. Dissociative charge exchange dynamics of HN2+ and DN2+. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:134301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3236803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Savee JD, Mann JE, Continetti RE. Three-Body Dissociative Charge Exchange Dynamics of sym-Triazine. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3988-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Savee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Robert E. Continetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
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Mozhayskiy VA, Savee JD, Mann JE, Continetti RE, Krylov AI. Conical for Stepwise, Glancing for Concerted: The Role of the Excited-State Topology in the Three-Body Dissociation of sym-Triazine. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12345-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806369s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A. Mozhayskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - John D. Savee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Robert E. Continetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340
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Thomas RD. When electrons meet molecular ions and what happens next: dissociative recombination from interstellar molecular clouds to internal combustion engines. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:485-530. [PMID: 18618616 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of matter with its environment is the driving force behind the evolution of 99% of the observed matter in the universe. The majority of the visible universe exists in a state of weak ionization, the so called fourth state of matter: plasma. Plasmas are ubiquitous, from those occurring naturally; interstellar molecular clouds, cometary comae, circumstellar shells, to those which are anthropic in origin; flames, combustion engines and fusion reactors. The evolution of these plasmas is driven by the interaction of the plasma constituents, the ions, and the electrons. One of the most important subsets of these reactions is electron-molecular ion recombination. This process is significant for two very important reasons. It is an ionization reducing reaction, removing two ionised species and producing neutral products. Furthermore, these products may themselves be reactive radical species which can then further drive the evolution of the plasma. The rate at which the electron reacts with the ion depends on many parameters, for examples the collision energy, the internal energy of the ion, and the structure of the ion itself. Measuring these properties together with the manner in which the system breaks up is therefore critical if the evolution of the environment is to be understood at all. Several techniques have been developed to study just such reactions to obtain the necessary information on the parameters. In this paper the focus will be on one the most recently developed of these, the Ion Storage Ring, together with the detection tools and techniques used to extract the necessary information from the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Thomas
- Department of Physics, Albanova University Centre, Stockholm University, S106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lengsfield BH, Yarkony DR. Nonadiabatic Interactions Between Potential Energy Surfaces: Theory and Applications. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141403.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Petrignani A, van der Zande WJ, Cosby PC, Hellberg F, Thomas RD, Larsson M. Vibrationally resolved rate coefficients and branching fractions in the dissociative recombination of O2+. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:14302. [PMID: 15638654 DOI: 10.1063/1.1825991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the dissociative recombination of the first three vibrational levels of O(2) (+) in its electronic ground X (2)Pi(g) state. Absolute rate coefficients, cross sections, quantum yields and branching fractions have been determined in a merged-beam experiment in the heavy-ion storage ring, CRYRING, employing fragment imaging for the reaction dynamics. We present the absolute total rate coefficients as function of collision energies up to 0.4 eV for five different vibrational populations of the ion beam, as well as the partial (vibrationally resolved) rate coefficients and the branching fractions near 0 eV collision energy for the vibrational levels v=0, 1, and 2. The vibrational populations used were produced in a modified electron impact ion source, which has been calibrated using Cs-O(2)(+) dissociative charge transfer reactions. The measurements indicate that at low collision energies, the total rate coefficient is weakly dependent on the vibrational excitation. The calculated thermal rate coefficient at 300 K decreases upon vibrational excitation. The partial rate coefficients as well as the partial branching fractions are found to be strongly dependent on the vibrational level. The partial rate coefficient is the fastest for v=0 and goes down by a factor of two or more for v=1 and 2. The O((1)S) quantum yield, linked to the green airglow, increases strongly upon increasing vibrational level. The effects of the dissociative recombination reactions and super elastic collisions on the vibrational populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Petrignani
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Laperle CM, Mann JE, Clements TG, Continetti RE. Three-body dissociation dynamics of the low-lying Rydberg states of H3 and D3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:153202. [PMID: 15524876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.153202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the three-body dissociative charge exchange of fast (12 keV) H+3 and D+3 with Cs have been studied using multiparticle translational spectroscopy. The observed partitioning of product momenta was found to be state-specific and yields insights into the nuclear motion during dissociation for the three lowest-lying 2s 2A'1, 2p 2A''2, and 3p 2E' metastable Rydberg states of H3 and the 2s 2A'1 and 2p 2A''2 states for D3. These results provide direct empirical information on the nonadiabatic couplings that govern the three-body dissociation of the lowest-lying Rydberg states of H3 and D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Laperle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, USA
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Lewis BR, Gibson ST, Banerjee SS, Lefebvre-Brion H. Relations between Rydberg-valence interactions in the O2 molecule. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.482035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bakker BLG, Parker DH, Samartzis PC, Kitsopoulos TN. Nonresonant photofragmentation/ionization dynamics of O2 using picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses at 248 nm. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morrill JS, Ginter ML, Lewis BR, Gibson ST. The (X 2Πg) nsσg 1,3Πg Rydberg states of O2: Spectra, structures, and interactions. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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O'Keeffe P, Ridley T, Wang S, Lawley KP, Donovan RJ. Photodissociation of ozone between 335 and 352 nm to give O2(b1Σ+g)+O(3PJ). Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Buijsse B, van der Zande WJ, Eppink ATJB, Parker DH, Lewis BR, Gibson ST. Angular distributions for photodissociation of O2 in the Herzberg continuum. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Li Y, Petsalakis ID, Liebermann HP, Hirsch G, Buenker RJ. Ab initio configuration interaction calculations of the predissociation of rovibrational levels of the C 3Πg and d 1Πg 3sσ Rydberg states of the oxygen molecule. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Knutsen K, Dyer MJ, Copeland RA. Laser double‐resonance study of the collisional removal of O2 (A 3Σ+u, ν=6, 7, and 9) with O2, N2, CO2, Ar, and He. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Müller H, Hausmann R, Brenten H, Kempter V. Electron emission in low-energy grazing collisions of CO+ ions with W(110) partially covered by cesium atoms. Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(93)e0349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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van der Kamp AB, Hiemstra RS, van der Zande WJ, Fink R, Jungen M. The spectroscopy and dynamics of the n=3,4 Rydberg states in O+2. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Li Y, Honigmann M, Hirsch G, Buenker RJ. Theoretical study of line broadening in the (3sσ) 3Πg vibrational levels of the O2 molecule employing a diabatic CI representation. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)87128-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Padmavathi DA, Mishra MK, Rabitz H. Role of potential structure in the collisional excitation of metastable O(1D) atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:286-291. [PMID: 9909599 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Walter CW, Cosby PC, Peterson JR. Rovibrational product distributions of O2+ from the reaction of O+(4S) with CO2. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sur A, Nguyen L, Nikoi N. Franck–Condon overlap integrals between the 3sσ 3Πg Rydberg and the 1 3Πg valence states of O2. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Horning SR, Kotiaho T, Dijarme LE, Wood JM, Graham Cooks R. Dissociative charge transfer of singly- and doubly-charged rare gas ions with W(CO)6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(91)80015-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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van der Zande WJ. The vibrational constant of the O22+ X 1Σg+ state from the dissociative decay of n = 3, 4 Rydberg states in O2+. Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(91)87152-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Friedman RS, Du ML, Dalgarno A. Predissociation channels of the C 3Πg Rydberg state of O2. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Stephens JA, Braunstein M, McKoy V. Multiplet‐specific shape resonance and autoionization effects in (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of O2 via the d 1Πg state. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Park H, Li L, Chupka WA. Identification of the 3dπ 1Δgand3Δ2gRydberg state of O2by multiphoton ionization and polarization studies. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ogorzalek Loo R, Marinelli WJ, Houston PL, Arepalli S, Wiesenfeld JR, Field RW. Multiphoton ionization of O2 X 3Σ−g, a 1Δg, and b 1Σ+g via the two‐photon resonant nsσg, ndσg, and ndπg Rydberg levels. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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van der Zande WJ, Koot W, Los J. Dissociation dynamics of the d 1Πg and C 3Πg v=0–2 vibrational states in O2. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.456749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Differential translational spectroscopy as a method to study super-excited polyatomic molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(89)80119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Friedman RS, Dalgarno A. Comment on: ‘‘Predissociation of the d 1Πg Rydberg state in O2: Nature of the Rydberg–valence interactions’’. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.456196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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van der Zande WJ, Koot W, Los J, Peterson JR. Predissociation of the d 1Πg Rydberg state in O2: Nature of the Rydberg–valence interactions. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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van Der Zande WJ, Koot W, Peterson J, Los J. O2+, a 4Πu Collisions with Cs and Mg: Formation of (3sσg) 3,5Πu Rydberg and repulsive valence states of O2. Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(88)85030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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