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Tashlitsky VN, Artiukhov AV, Fedorova NV, Sukonnikov MA, Ksenofontov AL, Bunik VI, Baratova LA. Analysis of Content of 2-Oxoacids in Rat Brain Extracts Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:356-365. [PMID: 35527374 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2-Oxoacids are involved in a number of important metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers in some human diseases. A new optimized method for quantification of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of 2-oxoacids using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed based on available techniques for quantification of 2-oxoacids in mammalian brain. The use of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of 2-oxoacids was shown to be more advantageous in comparison with the previously used phenylhydrazine derivatives, due to a high chemical stability of the former. Here, we determined the concentrations of pyruvate, glyoxylate, 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxomalonate, and 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate in the methanol/acetic acid extracts of the rat brain using the developed method, as well discussed the procedures for the sample preparation in analysis of mammalian brain extracts. The validation parameters of the method demonstrated that the quantification limits for each of the analyzed of 2-oxoacids was 2 nmol/mg tissue. The developed method facilitates identification of subtle changes in the tissue and cellular content of 2-oxoacids as (patho)physiological biomarkers of metabolism in mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim N Tashlitsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Artem V Artiukhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia V Fedorova
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim A Sukonnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander L Ksenofontov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Baratova
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Liu S, Gui Y, Wang MS, Zhang L, Xu T, Pan Y, Zhang K, Yu Y, Xiao L, Qiao Y, Bonin C, Hargis G, Huan T, Yu Y, Tao J, Zhang R, Kreutzer DL, Zhou Y, Tian XJ, Wang Y, Fu H, An X, Liu S, Zhou D. Serum integrative omics reveals the landscape of human diabetic kidney disease. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101367. [PMID: 34737094 PMCID: PMC8609166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2-DM). Currently, urine and kidney biopsy specimens are the major clinical resources for DKD diagnosis. Our study proposes to evaluate the diagnostic value of blood in monitoring the onset of DKD and distinguishing its status in the clinic. Methods This study recruited 1,513 participants including healthy adults and patients diagnosed with 2-DM, early-stage DKD (DKD-E), and advanced-stage DKD (DKD-A) from 4 independent medical centers. One discovery and four testing cohorts were established. Sera were collected and subjected to training proteomics and large-scale metabolomics. Results Deep profiling of serum proteomes and metabolomes revealed several insights. First, the training proteomics revealed that the combination of α2-macroglobulin, cathepsin D, and CD324 could serve as a surrogate protein biomarker for monitoring DKD progression. Second, metabolomics demonstrated that galactose metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism are the major disturbed metabolic pathways in DKD, and serum metabolite glycerol-3-galactoside could be used as an independent marker to predict DKD. Third, integrating proteomics and metabolomics increased the diagnostic and predictive stability and accuracy for distinguishing DKD status. Conclusions Serum integrative omics provide stable and accurate biomarkers for early warning and diagnosis of DKD. Our study provides a rich and open-access data resource for optimizing DKD management. Serum proteomics and metabolomics are novel, noninvasive approaches to detect DKD. Integrated serum omics enhances the diagnostic stability and accuracy of DKD diagnoses. Galactose/glycerolipid metabolism is the major disturbed metabolic pathway in DKD. Serum metabolite glycerol-3-galactoside is an independent predictive marker of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hosptial of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuan Gui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark S Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Affiliated Hosptial of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Affiliated Hosptial of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Renal Division, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Renal Division, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Renal Division, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Geneva Hargis
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jianling Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Donald L Kreutzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Affiliated Hosptial of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA.
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Hamase K, Morikawa A, Ohgusu T, Lindner W, Zaitsu K. Comprehensive analysis of branched aliphatic d-amino acids in mammals using an integrated multi-loop two-dimensional column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic system combining reversed-phase and enantioselective columns. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1143:105-11. [PMID: 17223114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A validated two-dimensional HPLC method for the comprehensive analysis of small quantities of branched aliphatic D-amino acids in the presence of large amounts of their L-congeners in mammalian tissues and physiological fluids is described. The quantitative analysis of these aliphatic amino acids (Val, allo-Ile, Ile, and Leu) is important for the diagnosis of various inherent metabolic disorders of amino acids, and the D-enantiomers are expected to be of particular interest from a pharmacological point of view. Target analytes were determined as their fluorescent derivatives, pre-column labeled with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), using an automated two-dimensional column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic system combining a narrow bore reversed-phase column and an enantioselective column connected with an integrated multi-loop peak fraction storage device. The described two-dimensional analysis concept proved to be successful for the given task in biological samples taken from mammals. Total analysis time for the reversed-phase separation of the four target NBD-amino acids is 60 min, and the integrated enantiomer separation of each of the four analytes is completed in approximately 5 min. In the rat, significant amounts of D-Leu were found in all tissues and physiological fluids tested (trace-1.3 nmol/g tissue), and in the urine, the presence of high amounts of D-allo-Ile (D-isomer of a non-proteinogenic amino acid, 22.2 nmol/ml) was demonstrated. D-allo-Ile was also found in the urine of dog and mouse, which indicates the ubiquitous presence of this unusual D-amino acid and the potential need to clarify its unique metabolism in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Schadewaldt P, Hammen HW, Ott AC, Wendel U. Renal clearance of branched-chain L-amino and 2-oxo acids in maple syrup urine disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:706-22. [PMID: 10472531 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005540016376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), branched-chain L-amino (BCAA) and 2-oxo acids (BCOA) accumulate in body fluids owing to an inherited deficiency of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex activity. In MSUD, little information is available on the significance of urinary disposal of branched-chain compounds. We examined the renal clearance of leucine, valine, isoleucine and alloisoleucine, and their corresponding 2-oxo acids 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (KIC), 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (KIV), (S)-(S-KMV), and (R)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (R-KMV), using pairs of plasma and urine samples (n = 63) from 10 patients with classical MSUD. The fractional renal excretion of free BCAA was in the normal range (< 0.5%) and independent of the plasma concentrations. The excretion of bound (N-acylated) BCAA was normal and not significantly dependent on the BCAA plasma concentrations. The fractional renal excretion of BCOA was in the order KIC << KIV < R-KMV < or = S-KMV (range (%): KIC 0.1-25; KIV 0.14-21.3; S-KMV 0.26-24.6; R-KMV 0.1-35.9), significantly correlated with the KIC plasma concentrations, and generally higher than that of the related BCAA. The results show that the renal excretion of free BCAA as well as of the acylated derivatives is negligible. The renal excretion of BCOA, however, to some extent counteracts increases in BCAA concentrations and thus contributes to the lowering of total BCAA pools in MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schadewaldt
- Diabetes-Forschungsinstitut an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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