1
|
Di Liberto G, Pacchioni G. Modeling Single-Atom Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307150. [PMID: 37749881 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations represent an essential complement of experiments to characterize single-atom catalysts (SACs), consisting of isolated metal atoms stabilized on a support, but also to predict new catalysts. However, simulating SACs with quantum chemistry approaches is not as simple as often assumed. In this work, the essential factors that characterize a reliable simulation of SACs activity are examined. The Perspective focuses on the importance of precise atomistic characterization of the active site, since even small changes in the metal atom's surroundings can result in large changes in reactivity. The dynamical behavior and stability of SACs under working conditions, as well as the importance of adopting appropriate methods to solve the Schrödinger equation for a quantitative evaluation of reaction energies are addressed. The Perspective also focuses on the relevance of the model adopted. For electrocatalysis this must include the effects of the solvent, the presence of electrolytes, the pH, and the external potential. Finally, it is discussed how the similarities between SACs and coordination compounds may result in reaction intermediates that usually are not observed on metal electrodes. When these aspects are not adequately considered, the predictive power of electronic structure calculations is quite limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli studi di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli studi di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Juita, Dlugogorski BZ, Kennedy EM, Mackie JC. Low temperature oxidation of linseed oil: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1186/2193-0414-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review analyses and summarises the previous investigations on the oxidation of linseed oil and the self-heating of cotton and other materials impregnated with the oil. It discusses the composition and chemical structure of linseed oil, including its drying properties. The review describes several experimental methods used to test the propensity of the oil to induce spontaneous heating and ignition of lignocellulosic materials soaked with the oil. It covers the thermal ignition of the lignocellulosic substrates impregnated with the oil and it critically evaluates the analytical methods applied to investigate the oxidation reactions of linseed oil.
Initiation of radical chains by singlet oxygen (1Δg), and their propagation underpin the mechanism of oxidation of linseed oil, leading to the self-heating and formation of volatile organic species and higher molecular weight compounds. The review also discusses the role of metal complexes of cobalt, iron and manganese in catalysing the oxidative drying of linseed oil, summarising some kinetic parameters such as the rate constants of the peroxidation reactions.
With respect to fire safety, the classical theory of self-ignition does not account for radical and catalytic reactions and appears to offer limited insights into the autoignition of lignocellulosic materials soaked with linseed oil. New theoretical and numerical treatments of oxidation of such materials need to be developed. The self-ignition induced by linseed oil is predicated on the presence of both a metal catalyst and a lignocellulosic substrate, and the absence of any prior thermal treatment of the oil, which destroys both peroxy radicals and singlet O2 sensitisers. An overview of peroxyl chemistry included in the article will be useful to those working in areas of fire science, paint drying, indoor air quality, biofuels and lipid oxidation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Elzing A, van der Putten A, Visscher W, Barendrecht E. Models for the adsorption of dioxygen on metal chelates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19901090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
5
|
Pietrzyk P, Sojka Z. Relativistic Density Functional Calculations of EPR g Tensor for η{CuNO}11 Species in Discrete and Zeolite-Embedded States. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10571-81. [PMID: 16834313 DOI: 10.1021/jp0526501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin-unrestricted zeroth order regular approximation (ZORA) and the scalar relativistic method based on Pauli Hamiltonian implemented in the Amsterdam Density Functional suite were used to calculate the electronic g tensor for isolated covalent {CuNO}(11) and electrostatic {q-NO}(1) species and for various model molecular and nonmolecular {CuNO}(11)-containing systems, epitomizing copper nitrosyl cage adducts in the ZSM-5 zeolite. The predicted g tensor values using the ZORA/VWN scheme were in satisfactory agreement with experimental EPR results. Relativistic, diamagnetic, and paramagnetic contributions to the calculated g tensor were quantified. The nature of the observed Deltag shifts was discussed in terms of the molecular orbital contributions due to the magnetic field-induced couplings and their structure sensitivity. The influence of basis set and exchange-correlation functional on the results was also briefly evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietrzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant reactivities of copper(II), manganese(II) and iron(III) 3,5-di-i-propylsalicylate chelates during peroxidation of alkylbenzenes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-004-8775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Lu XX, Qin SY, Zhou ZY, Yam VWW. Synthesis, structure, and ion-binding studies of cobalt(II) complexes with aza-crown substituted salicylaldimine Schiff base ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Palmer MS, Neurock M, Olken MM. Periodic density functional theory study of methane activation over La(2)O(3): activity of O(2-), O(-), O(2)(2-), oxygen point defect, and Sr(2+)-doped surface sites. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8452-61. [PMID: 12105927 DOI: 10.1021/ja0121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Results of gradient-corrected periodic density functional theory calculations are reported for hydrogen abstraction from methane at O(s)(2-), O(s)(-), O(2)(s)(2-) point defect, and Sr(2+)-doped surface sites on La(2)O(3)(001). The results show that the anionic O(s)(-) species is the most active surface oxygen site. The overall reaction energy to activate methane at an O(s)(-) site to form a surface hydroxyl group and gas-phase (*)CH(3) radical is 8.2 kcal/mol, with an activation barrier of 10.1 kcal/mol. The binding energy of hydrogen at an site O(s)(-) is -102 kcal/mol. An oxygen site with similar activity can be generated by doping strontium into the oxide by a direct Sr(2+)/La(3+) exchange at the surface. The O(-)-like nature of the surface site is reflected in a calculated hydrogen binding energy of -109.7 kcal/mol. Calculations indicate that surface peroxide (O(2(s))(2-)) sites can be generated by adsorption of O(2) at surface oxygen vacancies, as well as by dissociative adsorption of O(2) across the closed-shell oxide surface of La(2)O(3)(001). The overall reaction energy and apparent activation barrier for the latter pathway are calculated to be only 12.1 and 33.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Irrespective of the route to peroxide formation, the O(2)(s)(2-) intermediate is characterized by a bent orientation with respect to the surface and an O-O bond length of 1.47 A; both attributes are consistent with structural features characteristic of classical peroxides. We found surface peroxide sites to be slightly less favorable for H-abstraction from methane than the O(s)(-) species, with DeltaE(rxn)(CH(4)) = 39.3 kcal/mol, E(act) = 47.3 kcal/mol, and DeltaE(ads)(H) = -71.5 kcal/mol. A possible mechanism for oxidative coupling of methane over La(2)O(3)(001) involving surface peroxides as the active oxygen source is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Palmer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boča R, Nemeĉková M, Vrbová M, Baran P, Svoboda I, Fuess H. Tetrahydropoxen: 2,2′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(iminomethylene)) bis(pyridine N-oxide) and its complexes. X-ray structure of [Cu(H4-poxen)H2O](ClO4)2·H2O and [Co(poxen)H2O](ClO4)2. Polyhedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)00324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
Henson NJ, Hay PJ, Redondo A. Density Functional Theory Studies of the Binding of Molecular Oxygen with Schiff's Base Complexes of Cobalt. Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9813056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Henson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - P. Jeffrey Hay
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Antonio Redondo
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Kinetics of the interaction of some cobalt(II) chelates with air oxygen: mutual equatorial—axial influence of ligands on oxygen activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(91)80017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Tsipis C. Theoretical approaches to the description of the electronic structure and chemical reactivity of transition metal compounds. Coord Chem Rev 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-8545(91)84002-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Bianchini C, Mealli C, Meli A, Proserpio DM, Peruzzini M, Vizza F, Frediani P. Migration of hydrogen from metal to alkene promoted by dioxygen addition. Oxygen atom transfer from a cis-(alkyl)(η2-dioxygen) complex of rhodium to organic and inorganic substrates. J Organomet Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(81)80014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Chandrasekhar P, Wheeler RA, Hoffmann R. Sigma bond cleavage in coordinated dioxygen: the case of the μ-peroxo complex, [(THF)3Cl2VIII(O22−)VIIICl2(THF)3] and vanadyl formation in solution. Inorganica Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Hernández A, Ruette F, Ludeña EV. Molecular orbital study of cobalt-oxygen interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(87)80044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Lederman R, Sister E, Dori Z, Silver BL. The interaction of a planar Co(II) complex with dioxygen. Inorganica Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)88067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
A MINDO MO study on the porphine-phenyl resonance interaction in (meso-tetraphenylporphinato)cobalt, Co(TPP). J Inorg Biochem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(86)80041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Bange K, Madey T, Sass J. The adsorption of oxygen on Ag(110): a new view of structure and bonding. Chem Phys Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(85)85010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Pelikán P, Boča R. Geometric and electronic factors of dinitrogen activation on transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-8545(84)80003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
The structure and reactivity of dioxygen complexes of the transition metals. TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES STRUCTURES AND SPECTRA 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|