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Benoy A, Ramaswamy S. Histamine in the neocortex: Towards integrating multiscale effectors. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4597-4623. [PMID: 39032115 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Histamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter, which has received relatively less attention in the central nervous system than other neurotransmitters. The functional role of histamine in the neocortex, the brain region that controls higher-order cognitive functions such as attention, learning and memory, remains largely unknown. This article focuses on the emerging roles and mechanisms of histamine release in the neocortex. We describe gaps in current knowledge and propose the application of interdisciplinary tools to dissect the detailed multiscale functional logic of histaminergic action in the neocortex ranging from sub-cellular, cellular, dendritic and synaptic levels to microcircuits and mesoscale effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Benoy
- Neural Circuits Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Srikanth Ramaswamy
- Neural Circuits Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program (TSVP), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
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Histamine H 3 Receptors Decrease Dopamine Release in the Ventral Striatum by Reducing the Activity of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons. Neuroscience 2018; 376:188-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Li B, Zhu JN, Wang JJ. Histaminergic afferent system in the cerebellum: structure and function. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 26331029 PMCID: PMC4549136 DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histaminergic afferent system of the cerebellum, having been considered as an essential component of the direct hypothalamocerebellar circuits, originates from the tuberomammillary nucleus in the hypothalamus. Unlike the mossy fibers and climbing fibers, the histaminergic afferent fibers, a third type of cerebellar afferents, extend fine varicose fibers throughout the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. Histamine receptors, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, are widely present in the cerebellum. Through these histamine receptors, histamine directly excites Purkinje cells and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex, as well as the cerebellar nuclear neurons. Therefore, the histaminergic afferents parallelly modulate these dominant components in the cerebellar circuitry and consequently influence the final output of the cerebellum. In this way, the histaminergic afferent system actively participates in the cerebellum-mediated motor balance and coordination and nonsomatic functions. Accordingly, histaminergic reagents may become potential drugs for clinical treatment of cerebellar ataxia and other cerebellar disease. On the other hand, considering the hypothalamus is a high regulatory center for autonomic and visceral activities, the hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers/projections, bridging the nonsomatic center to somatic structure, may play a critical role in the somatic-nonsomatic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Mailbox 426, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Mailbox 426, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Mailbox 426, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
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Ishiwata K, Kawamura K, Wang WF, Tsukada H, Harada N, Mochizuki H, Kimura Y, Ishii K, Iwata R, Yanai K. Evaluation of in vivo selective binding of [11C]doxepin to histamine H1 receptors in five animal species. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:493-502. [PMID: 15093820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2003] [Revised: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/27/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The specific binding of [(11)C]doxepin, which has been used as a radioligand for mapping histamine H(1) receptors in human brain by positron emission tomography, was evaluated in five animal species. In mice the [(11)C]doxepin uptake was reduced by treatment with cold doxepin and two H(1) receptor antagonists, but not with H(2)/H(3) antagonists. The specific binding evaluated with treatment with (+)-chlorpheniramine (H(1) antagonist) was in the range of 10-30% in mouse, rat, rabbit, and monkey, but was not detected in guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Ishiwata
- Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 1-1 Naka-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0022, Japan.
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Choich JA, El-Nabawi A, Silbergeld EK. Evidence of histamine receptors in fish brain using an in vivo [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method and an in vitro receptor-binding autoradiographic method. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 94:86-93. [PMID: 14643290 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that fish possess functioning H1 histamine receptors that have the ability to bind agonists and antagonists specific to the H1 histamine receptor subtype. For these experiments, a combination of a novel, in vivo 2-deoxyglucose method and a standard in vitro autoradiography procedure was utilized. A regional, statistically significant dose response in neurological functioning was observed when fish were exposed to histaminergic agents (i.e., H1 agonists and antagonists), which created the first neurological profile for the H1 histamine receptor in fish brain. The H1 histamine receptor was chosen as a characterization receptor in fish because histamine has been linked to a variety of neurological functions such as the control of arousal, attention, sensory processing, and cognition. Histamine also plays a role in pituitary hormone secretion, appetite control, and, potentially, regulation of vestigular reactivity. In addition, the fish brain is well characterized structurally, and the existence of an H3-like receptor has been documented recently in zebrafish. However, to date there is little detailed information about specific localization and functioning of the H1 histamine receptor in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Choich
- Department of Toxicology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Takemura M, Kitanaka N, Kitanaka J. Signal transduction by histamine in the cerebellum and its modulation by N-methyltransferase. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2003; 2:39-43. [PMID: 12882233 DOI: 10.1080/14734220310015601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine has been suggested to have roles as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator. Direct fiber connections between the hypothalamus and the cerebellum have recently been demonstrated and it is suggested that the cerebellum is involved in the control of autonomic and emotional functions. These fibers include histaminergic fibers. The components of histaminergic signal transmission are demonstrated in the cerebellum as follows: (1) the histaminergic fibers are visualized immunohistochemically in the cerebellar cortex of rat, guinea pig and human; (2) histamine H1 receptors are visualized by autoradiographic studies in the molecular layer of mouse and guinea pig. In situ hybridization study also detects the expression of H1 receptors in the Purkinje cells. H2 receptors are expressed in the Purkinje cells and granule cells of guinea pig; and (3) the application of histamine to the slices of guinea pig or rat cerebellar cortex elicits an increase in the turnover of phosphoinositides, so H1 receptors in the cerebellum are functional. Additionally, we have recently shown in the guinea pig that Purkinje cells express one of the histamine inactivating enzymes, and that inhibition of this enzyme enhances phosphoinositide turnover by histamine. Therefore, all the components of histaminergic neurotransmission are demonstrated in the cerebellum. These data suggest that histamine is involved in the signal transmission from the hypothalamus to the cerebellum. Here we review each component of histaminergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Takemura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Lintunen M, Hyytiä P, Sallmen T, Karlstedt K, Tuomisto L, Leurs R, Kiianmaa K, Korpi ER, Panula P. Increased brain histamine in an alcohol‐preferring rat line, and modulation of ethanol consumption by H 3receptor mechanisms. FASEB J 2001. [DOI: 10.1096/fsb2fj000545fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research National Public Health Institute Helsinki Finland
| | - Tina Sallmen
- Department of Biology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Kaj Karlstedt
- Department of Biology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Leena Tuomisto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Kuopio Kuopio Finland
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Kalervo Kiianmaa
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research National Public Health Institute Helsinki Finland
| | - Esa R. Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Biology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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Choksi NY, Nix WB, Wyrick SD, Booth RG. A novel phenylaminotetralin (PAT) recognizes histamine H1 receptors and stimulates dopamine synthesis in vivo in rat brain. Brain Res 2000; 852:151-60. [PMID: 10661506 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel phenylaminotetralins (PATs) previously was shown to recognize discrete binding sites that are stereoselectively labeled by [3H]-(-)-trans-1-phenyl-3-N,N-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen e (H2-PAT) and highly localized in catecholaminergic nerve terminal regions in guinea pig forebrain. Furthermore, certain PATs stimulate tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine synthesis in guinea pig and rat brain in vitro. In the current studies, we characterized sites labeled by [3H]-(-)-trans-H2-PAT and measured effects of PATs on dopamine synthesis in vivo in rat brain. [3H]-(-)-Trans-H2-PAT binds saturably (Bmax approximately 13 fmol/mg protein) and with high affinity (K(D) approximately 0.5 nM) to a single population of sites in rat brain. The ligand binding profile of [3H]-(-)-trans-H2-PAT labeled sites is very similar to histamine H1 receptors labeled with [3H]-mepyramine. After i.c.v. injection to rats, (+/-)-trans H2-PAT (4-40 nmoles/kg) stimulates dopamine synthesis (to about 180% of control levels) selectively in the limbic brain region nucleus accumbens vs. the extrapyramidal region striatum; this effect is fully blocked by (+/-)-cis-H2-PAT and the H1 antagonist triprolidine. At higher doses (> 40 nmoles/kg), the observed stimulation of dopamine synthesis is attenuated to control levels, likely due to activation of feedback mechanisms resulting from non-receptor mediated displacement of intraneuronal dopamine. We propose that PATs represent a novel class of ligands for H1 receptors that can modulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine synthesis in the limbic region of mammalian forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Choksi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7360, USA
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Booth RG, Owens CE, Brown RL, Bucholtz EC, Lawler CP, Wyrick SD. Putative sigma(3) sites in mammalian brain have histamine H(1) receptor properties: evidence from ligand binding and distribution studies with the novel H(1) radioligand [(3)H]-(-)-trans-1-phenyl-3-aminotetralin. Brain Res 1999; 837:95-105. [PMID: 10433992 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel phenylaminotetralin (PAT) radioligand, [(3)H]-(1R, 3S)-(-)-trans-1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene ([(3)H]-[-]-trans-H(2)-PAT), is shown here to label a saturable (B(max)=39+/-6 fmol/mg protein) population of sites with high affinity (K(d)=0.13+/-0.03 nM) in guinea pig brain. Consistent with previous studies which showed that PATs stimulate catecholamine (dopamine) synthesis in rat striatum, autoradiographic brain receptor mapping studies here indicate that [(3)H]-(-)-trans-H(2)-PAT-labeled sites are highly localized in catecholaminergic nerve terminal fields in hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and striatum in guinea pig brain. Competition binding studies with a broad range of CNS receptor-active ligands and CNS radioreceptor screening assays indicate that the pharmacological binding profile of brain [(3)H]-(-)-trans-H(2)-PAT sites closely resembles histamine H(1)-type receptors. Comparative studies using the histamine H(1) antagonist radioligand, [(3)H]mepyramine, indicate that the H(1) ligand binding profile and guinea pig brain distribution of H(1) receptors and [(3)H]-(-)-trans-H(2)-PAT sites are nearly identical; moreover, both sites have about 40-fold stereoselective affinity for (-)- over (+)-trans-H(2)-PAT. These results are discussed in light of previous studies which suggested that PATs stimulate dopamine synthesis through interaction with a novel sigma-type (sigma(3)) receptor in rodent brain; it now appears instead that PATs represent a new class of ligands for brain histamine H(1) receptors that can be stereoselectively labeled with [(3)H]-(-)-trans-H(2)-PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Booth
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA.
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Kreis ME, Haupt W, Kirkup AJ, Grundy D. Histamine sensitivity of mesenteric afferent nerves in the rat jejunum. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:G675-80. [PMID: 9756496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.4.g675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of functional interaction between mast cells and intestinal afferents is gaining support. We have therefore characterized the action of histamine on jejunal afferent discharge in the anesthetized rat. Whole nerve mesenteric afferent discharge was recorded in conjunction with intestinal pressure in response to a range of histamine agonists and antagonists. Histamine at 2, 4, and 8 micromol/kg (iv) evoked a dose-dependent biphasic increase in afferent discharge together with a biphasic rise in intestinal pressure. However, these two events were mediated independently, since nifedipine (1 mg/kg) substantially reduced the intestinal pressure increase but not the afferent discharge. These responses were completely inhibited by pyrilamine (5 mg/kg) but unaffected by ranitidine (5 mg/kg) or thioperamide (2 mg/kg). Neither the selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit nor the selective H3 receptor agonist R-alpha-methylhistamine caused any modulation of afferent discharge. We conclude that histamine stimulates an H1 receptor-mediated increase in mesenteric afferent discharge that is independent of intestinal motor events. This suggests that histamine potentially acts as a mediator in mast cell-to-afferent nerve communication in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Kreis
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Abstract
In this article, we review the recent developments in the field of histamine research. Besides the description of pharmacological tools for the H1, H2 and H3 receptor, specific attention is paid to both the molecular aspects of the receptor proteins, including the recent cloning of the receptor genes, and their respective signal transduction mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- Ligands
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Histamine/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine/classification
- Receptors, Histamine/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H2/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H3/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leurs
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije, Universiteit, The Netherlands
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Ruat M, Traiffort E, Bouthenet ML, Souil E, Pollard H, Moreau J, Schwartz JC, Martinez-Mir I, Palacios JM, Hirschfeld J. Reversible and irreversible labelling of H1- and H2 -receptors using novel [125I] probes. AGENTS AND ACTIONS. SUPPLEMENTS 1991; 33:123-44. [PMID: 1675831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7309-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently designed the first 125I-labelled probes specific for the histamine H1 and H2 receptors. These reversible and irreversible antagonists are among the most potent H1 and H2 ligands and have enabled investigations into the biochemical and pharmacological properties of these two receptors. In various brain animal species, the ligand binding peptide of the H1 and H2 receptors, as determined by photoaffinity labeling, resides within 56-59 kDa peptides. In contrast, in guinea pig heart, the ligand binding domain of the H1 receptor is characterized by a higher molecular weight (68 kDa), suggesting the presence of an isoform of this protein, clearly differentiable by this biochemical property but not by its pharmacology. The reversible 125I-probes allowed us to extend the pharmacology of these receptors in several biological preparations and in human brain, and to establish their interaction with G-proteins. A detailed mapping of H1 and, for the first time, of H2 receptors, has been achieved in guinea pig brain, establishing their presence in almost all brain areas. These experiments show that there is no correlation between the density of H2 receptor and the activity of adenylate cyclase sensitive to histamine suggesting a molecular heterogeneity of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruat
- Unite de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie (U. 109) INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, Paris, France
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Martinez-Mir MI, Pollard H, Moreau J, Arrang JM, Ruat M, Traiffort E, Schwartz JC, Palacios JM. Three histamine receptors (H1, H2 and H3) visualized in the brain of human and non-human primates. Brain Res 1990; 526:322-7. [PMID: 1979518 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91240-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptors in postmortem human and rhesus monkey brain was examined using receptor autoradiography. [125I]Iodobolpyramine, [125I]iodoaminopotentine and [3H](R) alpha-methylhistamine were used as ligands to label H1, H2 and H3 receptors respectively. The 3 receptor subtypes were identified in the human and monkey brains. Each receptor presented comparable distribution in the two primate brains. H1 and H2 receptors were particularly enriched in the caudate and putamen and observed in other brain areas such as the neocortex and hippocampus. H3-receptors were found to predominate in the basal ganglia where the highest densities were localized in the two segments of the globus pallidus. They were also observed in the hippocampus and cortical areas. The distribution of these 3 histamine receptors in the primate brain suggests the involvement of histaminergic mechanism in the functions of many brain areas. In particular, H2 and H3 receptors could play a role in the regulation of the basal ganglia functions in primates.
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Ruat M, Traiffort E, Bouthenet ML, Schwartz JC, Hirschfeld J, Buschauer A, Schunack W. Reversible and irreversible labeling and autoradiographic localization of the cerebral histamine H2 receptor using [125I]iodinated probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:1658-62. [PMID: 2308927 PMCID: PMC53541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodoaminopotentidine (I-APT)--i.e., N-[2-(4-amino-3-iodobenzamido)ethyl]-N'-cyano-N''-(3-[3- (1-piperidinylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl)guanidine--represents one of the most potent H2-receptor antagonists known so far. In membranes of guinea pig brain 125I-APT bound reversibly, selectively, and with high affinity (Kd = 0.3 nM) to a homogeneous population of sites unambiguously identified as H2 receptors by inhibition studies conducted with a large panel of antagonists. 125I-APT binding was also inhibited by histamine, and the effect was modulated by a guanyl nucleotide, which is consistent with the association of the H2 receptor with a guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein. The low nonspecific binding of 125I-APT generated high contrast autoradiographic pictures in brain sections and established the precise distribution of H2 receptors. Their highly heterogeneous distribution and laminated pattern in some areas--e.g., cerebral and hippocampal cortices--suggest their major association with neuronal elements. These localizations were more consistent than those of H1 receptors with the distribution of histaminergic projections, indicating that H2 receptors mediate a larger number of postsynaptic actions of histamine--e.g., in striatum. Colocalizations of H1 and H2 receptors in some areas account for their known synergistic interactions in cAMP formation induced by histamine. The distribution of 125I-APT binding sites did not strictly parallel that of the H2-receptor-linked adenylate cyclase activity, which may reflect heterogeneity among H2 receptors. After UV irradiation and SDS/PAGE analysis, [125I]iodoazidopotentidine (125I-AZPT), a photoaffinity probe derived from 125I-APT, was covalently incorporated in several peptides, among which the labeling of two peptides of 59 and 32 kDa was prevented by H2 antagonists, suggesting that they correspond to H2-receptor binding peptides or proteolysis products of the latter. These probes should be useful for sensitive radioassays, localization, purification, and molecular studies of the H2 receptor, which were previously impracticable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruat
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie (U. 109), l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche, Paris, France
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Abstract
In this review the three main types of histamine receptors are discussed together with their specific ligands. For the classical H1-receptors much emphasis is put on the mechanism by which the receptor is stimulated. For the H1- and H2-receptor the review includes information on the several models available for establishing agonistic or antagonistic activity. In the section on the H3-receptor the ligands are discussed as well as the possible physiological role of this receptor. In the final paragraphs some less well defined activities are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Haaksma
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tangri KK, Gupta GP, Vrat S. Role of histamine receptor in mesencephalic nucleus dorsalis raphe in cardiovascular regulation. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1989; 339:557-63. [PMID: 2528076 DOI: 10.1007/bf00167261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microinjection of histamine and its antagonists into mesencephalic nucleus dorsalis raphe, were investigated on mean arterial pressure and heart rate in cats to elucidate the nature and role of histaminergic receptors in cardiovascular regulation. Microinjection of histamine (5 and 10 micrograms) into nucleus dorsalis raphe elicited both inhibitory and excitatory cardiovascular responses respectively. On the other hand, microinjection of H2-receptor blocker, cimetidine (10 micrograms) resulted in hypertension and tachycardia while H1-receptor antagonist, mepyramine (10 micrograms) microinjection evoked hypotension and bradycardia. Furthermore, local pretreatment with cimetidine and mepyramine blocked the inhibitory and excitatory cardiovascular responses of graded doses of histamine microinjection. These H1 and H2 receptors are localized in nucleus dorsalis raphe since microinjection of histamine into adjoining neural structures did not evoke any cardiovascular change. Furthermore, both the inhibitory and excitatory cardiovascular responses to histamine microinjection could not be observed in animals with spinal cord transection and in animals pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine while they could be observed in bilateral cervical vagotomized animals. Thus, it appears that these cardiovascular responses to microinjection of histamine into nucleus dorsalis raphe, are due to modulation of serotonergic bulbospinal influence on sympathetic preganglionic neurones in the spinal cord. Moreover, the excitatory cardiovascular responses of high dose of histamine (10 micrograms) seem to result from a local release of noradrenaline since they were blocked by prior microinjection of guanethidine and piperoxan into nucleus dorsalis raphe. A release of noradrenaline in turn, modulates the activity of the neurones of the nucleus by acting on alpha adrenoceptors and thereby alters the activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Tangri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Substantial advances have been made in the understanding of chronic hyperprolactinemia. The diagnostic effort should be directed at excluding physiological and pharmacological causes of chronic hyperprolactinemia, both of which are reversible and are not likely to be of grave consequence. Subsequently further efforts should be made to rule out obvious pathological entities, in particular, treatable hypothyroidism. Finally, the diagnosis of prolactinoma must be entertained. It relies on the biochemical determination of prolactin as well as direct imaging of the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Adashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Univesity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Bouthenet ML, Ruat M, Sales N, Garbarg M, Schwartz JC. A detailed mapping of histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig central nervous system established by autoradiography with [125I]iodobolpyramine. Neuroscience 1988; 26:553-600. [PMID: 3173689 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(88)90167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
[125I]Iodobolpyramine, a potent and selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist derived from mepyramine, was used to generate light microscopic autoradiograms on sections of guinea-pig brain and spinal cord. Histamine H1-receptors were labelled with high sensitivity over a low background as determined using mianserin or other H1-receptor antagonists as competing agents. An atlas of H1-receptors was established using five sagittal sections and 39 frontal sections, the latter serially prepared at 50 micron intervals. Labelled areas were identified by comparison with corresponding, classically stained sections and their density was rated according to an arbitrary scale. Autoradiographic grains were detected in a large variety of gray matter areas whereas they were generally absent from white matter areas. In the cerebral cortex, H1-receptors are present in all areas and layers with a higher density in lamina IV. In the hippocampal formation, H1-receptors display a laminated pattern of distribution and are the most abundant in the dentate gyrus (hilus and molecular layer) and in several areas of the subiculum and commissural complex. In the amygdaloid complex, the highest densities are found in the medial group of nuclei. In the basal forebrain, the striatum is moderately labelled whereas the nucleus accumbens, islands of Calleja and most septal nuclei are highly labelled. In the thalamus, H1-receptors are present in high density, particularly in the anterior, median and lateral groups of nuclei. In the hypothalamus the labelling is highly heterogeneous with high densities in, for example, medial preoptic area, dorsomedial, ventromedial and most posterior nuclei, including the tuberomammillary complex in which histaminergic perikarya and short axons are present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bouthenet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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22
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Airaksinen MS, Panula P. The histaminergic system in the guinea pig central nervous system: an immunocytochemical mapping study using an antiserum against histamine. J Comp Neurol 1988; 273:163-86. [PMID: 3417901 DOI: 10.1002/cne.902730204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using an antiserum against conjugated histamine we mapped the histaminergic somata and their fiber projection areas in carbodiimide-fixed guinea pig central nervous system. The neurons were large and they were found exclusively in the posterior hypothalamus, as in the rat, but in the guinea pig they were more numerous and distributed more widely in thin layer around the posterior mammillary nucleus, scattered between and within the medial mammillary nuclei, and in a dense cell cluster emerging from the caudal magnocellular nucleus and extending to the medial preoptic area. The density of histamine-immunopositive fibers was very high in the olfactory tubercle, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus accumbens, medial and cortical amygdaloid nuclei, periventricular and lateral basal hypothalamus, paraventricular thalamus, and in a region from the medial central gray to the locus coeruleus and the parabrachial nucleus. Dense fiber networks were found in the piriform and entorhinal cortex, septum, dentate gyrus, and subiculum, in most parts of amygdala, and in many areas of the hypothalamus, thalamus, substantia nigra, raphe nuclei, inferior olivary, solitary tract and medial vestibular nuclei, and neurohypophysis. Medium fiber density was observed in the internal layers of the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nuclei, neocortex, zone CA1 of hippocampus, and many midbrain and hindbrain regions. Low density was present in the outer layers of the olfactory bulb, other parts of hippocampus, the globus pallidus, most of the caudatus-putamen, the cerebellar cortex, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The retina and most of the myelinated white matter had single or no histaminergic fibers. It may be concluded from the results that most fibers seem to follow a ventromedial route to the forebrain, reaching the amygdala ventral to the medial forebrain bundle, the hippocampus via subiculum, and the hindbrain structures via the medial central gray. As compared to the rat, the fiber projections in the guinea pig brain were denser, particularly in the hippocampus, thalamus, pons-medulla, and neurohypophysis. The fiber densities in various regions of the guinea pig brain are compared to histamine receptor densities and the possible functions of histamine are discussed.
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23
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Arbonés L, Picatoste F, García A. Histamine H1-receptors mediate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in astrocyte-enriched primary cultures. Brain Res 1988; 450:144-52. [PMID: 2900044 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte-enriched primary cultures of newborn rat brain hemispheres, prelabeled with [3H]inositol, accumulated [3H]inositol phosphate but not [3H]inositol bis- and tris-phosphate, after exposure to histamine for 60 min in the presence of 10 mM LiCl. The response to histamine was not a function of contaminating meningeal fibroblasts since no accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphate was elicited by histamine in meningeal cultures. The stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by histamine in astrocytes was dose-dependent (EC50 = 1.7 microM, maximal effect = 345% over basal levels) and was mimicked by several H1-receptor agonists. The use of selective receptor antagonists confirmed that the histamine response was the result of activation of H1-receptors. The histamine-induced [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation was completely abolished by omission of Ca2+ from the incubation medium. Astrocyte membranes specifically bound the radiolabeled H1-antagonist, [3H]mepyramine with an affinity (Kd = 5.9 nM) and a density of binding sites (Bmax = 113 fmol/mg protein) similar to rat brain. These results demonstrate the presence of functional histamine H1-receptors in rat brain astrocytes and suggest a role for histamine as a neuromodulator of astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arbonés
- Instituto de Biología Fundamental Vincent Villar Palasi, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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24
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Hill SJ. Histamine receptors in the mammalian central nervous system: biochemical studies. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1987; 24:29-84. [PMID: 2849144 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Donoso AO. The possible role of brain histamine in neuroendocrine and cardiovascular regulation. Med Res Rev 1986; 6:365-86. [PMID: 3016430 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Mazurkiewicz-Kwilecki IM, Baddoo P. Brain histamine regulation following chronic diazepam treatment and stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986; 24:513-7. [PMID: 3703887 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diazepam treatment (5 mg/kg intragastrically, twice daily for 14 days) did not influence either hypothalamic, midbrain or cortical histamine (HA) levels or histidine decarboxylase (HD) activity in male Sprague-Dawley (200-220 g) rats. However, a small but significant decrease in hypothalamic HA concentration and significantly increased HD activity was seen following diazepam withdrawal. Air blast stress induced a significant elevation in hypothalamic HA levels and HD activity in vehicle-treated controls, diazepam-treated and diazepam-withdrawn rats, but the change in HD activity was significantly greater in the last group. The latter group also displayed the greatest elevation in plasma corticosterone levels in response to stress. Hence, diazepam withdrawal in rats results in some changes in the basal hypothalamic HA regulation and may influence the hypothalamic HA and corticosterone response to stress.
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Rotter A, Frostholm A. Cerebellar histamine-H1 receptor distribution: an autoradiographic study of Purkinje cell degeneration, staggerer, weaver and reeler mutant mouse strains. Brain Res Bull 1986; 16:205-14. [PMID: 3697788 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(86)90034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of 3H-mepyramine binding sites in cerebellae of normal mice and Purkinje cell degeneration, staggerer, weaver and reeler mutant mice was studied by light microscopic autoradiography. The binding of 3H-mepyramine to 20 micron coronal sections through the cerebellum and medulla had the characteristics expected of histamine-H1 receptor labeling. In the cerebellar cortex of normal mice, a high density of 3H-mepyramine binding was observed over the molecular layer and an intermediate density over the Purkinje cell layer, while the granule cell layer and white matter were almost devoid of labeling. The deep cerebellar nuclei were labeled to an intermediate density. In the 54 day old Purkinje cell degeneration mutant cerebellum, which is depleted of Purkinje cells, a greatly reduced labeling of the cerebellar cortex was observed. Labeling in the deep cerebellar nuclei was unaffected. In the 27 day old staggerer cerebellum, a mutation characterized by Purkinje cells which are almost devoid of spines and which do not form synaptic contacts with granule cells, a higher than normal grain density was seen over the cerebellar cortex, while normal grain density was observed over the deep cerebellar nuclei. The cerebellar cortex of 81 day old weaver mice, which is almost devoid of granule cells, had a high grain density over medial regions of the cortex, while the portion of the granule cell layer which remained relatively unaffected in the lateral parts of the cerebellum was unlabeled. The deep cerebellar nuclei had grain densities similar to littermate controls. In the 29 day old reeler cerebellae, which contain malpositioned Purkinje cells, high grain density regions corresponding to the heterotopically located Purkinje cells were observed. The present observations suggest that cerebellar cortical histamine-H1 receptors are associated predominantly with Purkinje cells. Furthermore, the expression of these H1 receptors appears not to be adversely affected by several alterations in the Purkinje cell environment, which have previously been shown to dramatically influence Purkinje cell morphology.
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28
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Frostholm A, Rotter A. Autoradiographic localization of receptors in the cochlear nucleus of the mouse. Brain Res Bull 1986; 16:189-203. [PMID: 3008955 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(86)90033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Light microscopic autoradiography of bound radiolabeled ligands was used to describe the distribution of six receptor types in the dorsal and ventral mouse cochlear nuclei: Glycine receptor ([3H]strychnine); GABA receptor ([3H]muscimol); benzodiazepine receptor ([3H]flunitrazepam); adenosine receptor ([3H]cyclohexyladenosine); muscarinic ACh receptor ([3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate); histamine receptor ([3H]mepyramine). The most intense [3H]strychnine labeling was observed in the deep region of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), with slightly lower levels in the molecular and pyramidal layers. Highest density of [3H]muscimol binding sites was observed in the granule cell layer of the posterior ventral nucleus (PVCN) and in the pyramidal layer of the DCN. Diffuse [3H]flunitrazepam labeling was distributed over all laminar regions of the DCN; the highest grain density was observed over the granule cell layer of the PVCN. Intense [3H]cyclohexyladenosine labeling was seen over the molecular layer, possibly extending into the pyramidal layer, of the DCN. The granule cell layer of the PVCN was also densely labeled. High concentrations of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate sites were seen in the molecular layer, possibly extending into the pyramidal layer, of the DCN. A thin band of high grain density was also visible over the granule cell layer of the PVCN. Moderate, diffuse [3H]mepyramine labeling was visible throughout the DCN, with slightly higher grain density over the molecular, and possibly the pyramidal layers, than over the deep region of the DCN.
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Korner M, Bouthenet ML, Ganellin CR, Garbarg M, Gros C, Ife RJ, Sales N, Schwartz JC. [125I]Iodobolpyramine, a highly sensitive probe for histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig brain. Eur J Pharmacol 1986; 120:151-60. [PMID: 3948916 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(86)90535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[125I]Iodobolpyramine is a novel 125I-ligand for histamine H1-receptors, synthesised using the 125I-Bolton Hunter reagent (2000 Ci/mmol) for acylation of an aminopentyl analogue of mepyramine. Its specific binding varied linearly with the concentration of guinea-pig cerebellar membranes and represented about 80% of the total. Selective interaction with H1-receptors was demonstrated by estimation of Ki values of known agonists and antagonists and confirmed by the low affinity of histamine H2- and H3-receptor antagonists and of non-histaminergic agents. At 25 degrees C, [125I]iodobolpyramine exhibited a slow association rate (180-240 min to reach equilibrium) and a slow dissociation rate (t1/2 = 201 min). Kinetic and saturation data yielded KD values of 0.05 and 0.15 nM, respectively, indicating that it is among the most potent H1-receptor antagonists known. The sensitivity for detecting H1-receptors in guinea-pig cerebellum using [125I]iodobolpyramine was increased 50-fold relative to use of [3H]mepyramine. Well-contrasted autoradiograms of guinea-pig brain, obtained after a short exposure time, confirmed previous H1-receptor localisation established with [3H]mepyramine and revealed new localisations, e.g. in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens.
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31
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Aceves J, Mariscal S, Morrison KE, Young JM. The binding of doxepin to histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig and rat brain. Br J Pharmacol 1985; 84:417-24. [PMID: 3978317 PMCID: PMC1987281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb12925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The affinity constant for doxepin obtained from inhibition of histamine-induced contraction of guinea-pig intestinal smooth muscle at 30 degrees C was 2.6 +/- 0.18 X 10(10)M-1. The slope of a Schild plot was not significantly different from unity. The affinity constant of doxepin did not vary markedly with temperature. At 37 degrees C it was 3.75 +/- 0.02 X 10(10)M-1 and at 25 degrees C 2.1 X 10(10)M-1. Doxepin was a competitive inhibitor of [3H]-mepyramine binding to guinea-pig cerebellar homogenates. The affinity constant derived for doxepin at 30 degrees C was 1.12 +/- 0.45 X 10(10)M-1. Hill coefficients for curves of doxepin or mepyramine inhibition of [3H]-mepyramine binding in guinea-pig cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus did not differ significantly from unity. The mean affinity of mepyramine for histamine H1-receptors in rat brain homogenates at 30 degrees C was 3.5 X 10(8)M-1. Hill coefficients for curves of doxepin or mepyramine inhibition of [3H]-mepyramine binding to homogenates of rat cerebral cortex or rat whole brain were near unity. These studies provide no evidence that doxepin binds preferentially to a sub-class of histamine H1-receptors in rat brain.
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32
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Jones LS, Gauger LL, Davis JN. Anatomy of brain alpha 1-adrenergic receptors: in vitro autoradiography with [125I]-heat. J Comp Neurol 1985; 231:190-208. [PMID: 2981906 DOI: 10.1002/cne.902310207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Much useful information on the localization of alpha 1-adrenergic binding sites has been gained by using tritiated radioligands for in vitro autoradiography. However, the iodinated alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist HEAT [( 2-beta (4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylaminomethyl)-tetralone], BE 2254), a radioligand with high affinity and specificity, provides autoradiographs with a higher signal to noise ratio. This has allowed us to describe the anatomy of these binding sites in much greater detail than previously possible. Regions showing the highest levels of binding include external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, layers Va and Vc of frontoparietal cortex, lateral and central amygdaloid nuclei, thalamus, and inferior olive. Other regions were generally less intensely labeled, with the least evidence of labeling in white matter, such as corpus callosum. Some regions (e.g., hippocampus) had only moderate labeling, but the binding appeared in a discrete pattern that reflected the functional organization of the structure. Although the [125I]-HEAT binding sites were distributed in a pattern similar to that previously reported for [3H]-WB 4101 and [3H]-prazosin, the anatomical detail seen with the iodinated ligand is greater. As a result, an association of alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist binding sites with specific layers in the cortex and with some catecholamine-containing nuclei in the brainstem, such as the locus coeruleus, have been seen for the first time.
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33
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Elias MS, Lummis SC, Evans PD. [3H]mepyramine binding sites in the optic lobe of the locust: autoradiographic and pharmacological studies. Brain Res 1984; 294:359-62. [PMID: 6704734 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of [3H]mepyramine binding sites was examined in the optic lobe of the locust in an attempt to identify the presence of histamine H1 receptors. Studies were carried out using both autoradiographic and ligand binding techniques. Although regions of the optic lobe showed significant binding, it appeared that in the insect nervous system [3H]mepyramine is not specific for the histamine H1 receptor.
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34
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35
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Hadfield AJ, Robinson NR, Hill SJ. The nature of the binding of [3H]mepyramine to homogenates of guinea-pig cerebral cortex at different [3H]ligand concentrations. Biochem Pharmacol 1983; 32:2449-51. [PMID: 6615545 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(83)90690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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36
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Abstract
The chemical tools that could be used to examine the function of histamine in the brain are considered together with the evidence linking histamine specifically with the hypothalamus. The distribution of histamine and the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and metabolism is consistent with there being both mast cells and histaminergic nerve terminals within the hypothalamus. Iontophoresis, mepyramine binding and histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase studies suggest that both histamine H1- and H2- receptors are present in the hypothalamus. In addition, intracerebroventricularly injected histamine receptor agonists and antagonists affect many functions associated with the hypothalamus such as cardiovascular control, food intake, body temperature control, and pituitary hormones whose release is mediated via the hypothalamus, such as corticotropin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, gonadotropins and vasopressin. However, only in the case of thyroliberin release, prolactin release, body fluid control and blood pressure control is there evidence yet that such effects are mediated via histamine receptors actually in the hypothalamus. The effects of enzyme inhibitors suggest endogenous histamine may be involved in the physiological control of thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone and blood pressure, and the effects of receptor antagonists support a role for endogenous histamine in prolactin control. Otherwise, there is little evidence for a physiological role for endogenous, as against exogenous, histamine whether it be from histaminergic terminals or mast cells. In addition, few studies have tried to distinguish possible effects on presynaptic receptors, postsynaptic receptors, hypothalamic blood vessels or the hypophyseal portal blood vessels. It is concluded that although there is good evidence now linking histamine and the hypothalamus more specific studies are required, for instance using microinjection or in vitro techniques and the more specific chemical tools now available, to enable a clearer understanding of the physiological role of histamine in the hypothalamus.
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37
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38
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Ninkovic M, Hunt SP, Gleave JR. Localization of opiate and histamine H1-receptors in the primate sensory ganglia and spinal cord. Brain Res 1982; 241:197-206. [PMID: 6286041 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(82)91056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The autoradiographic localizations of opiate and histamine H1-receptors were studied quantitatively and compared following dorsal root section in the primate spinal cord. High densities of opiate and H1-receptors were found in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. Dorsal root section produced a 40-50% loss of both receptors types throughout layers I and II with no loss in deeper layers of the dorsal horn. "Bursts' of opiate and H1-receptor labelling was observed over a population of small diameter cells (35-45 micron or micrometer) in the primate dorsal root ganglion. These cells represented approximately 8% of the total cells present. Serial consecutive sections demonstrated a population of cells bearing both opiate and histamine H1-receptors.
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39
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Taylor JE, Richelson E. High-affinity binding of [3H]doxepin to histamine H1-receptors in rat brain: possible identification of a subclass of histamine H1-receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1982; 78:279-85. [PMID: 7067728 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(82)90029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The binding of the radioactively labeled tricyclic antidepressant, [3H]doxepin, to rat brain tissue was examined. Scatchard plots of specific [3H]doxepin binding indicated the presence of two distinct binding sites. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the high-affinity site was 0.020 nM with a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 13.7 fmol/mg protein. The corresponding values for the high-affinity site were 3.6 nM and 740 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The high-affinity site was sensitive to competition by pharmacologically relevant concentrations of histamine H1 antagonists such as pyrilamine (KD = 1.0 nM), diphenhydramine (KD = 20 nM), d-chlorpheniramine (KD = 1.7 nM), and 1-chlorpheniramine (KD = 97 nM). The Bmax for [3H]doxepin binding to the high-affinity H1-receptor, however, was approximately 10% of the Bmax obtained using [3H]pyrilamine to label the H1-receptor. Various tricyclic antidepressants were very potent inhibitors at the high-affinity [3H]doxepin site. Their potencies, however, did not correlate with their potencies previously reported for the H1-receptor. The regional distribution of [3H]doxepin high-affinity sites correlated with the known distribution of H1-receptors in the rat brain. These results suggest that [3H]doxepin is binding to a subclass of histamine H1-receptors.
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40
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Abstract
The distribution of the high affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor labeled by [3H]muscimol, has been studied in the rat brain by light microscopic autoradiography. Receptors in slide-mounted tissue sections were labeled in vitro with [3H]muscimol. Most of the gray matter areas presented grain densities significantly higher than background or white matter areas. Wide variations in receptor densities were found between different brain areas and nuclei. Areas with very high grain densities are the granule cell layer of the cerebellum, external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb and nuclei of the thalamus, such as the ventral nucleus, lateral nucleus and dorsal geniculate body. The molecular layer of the hippocampus and the external (I-IV) layers of the cortex are also rich in GABA receptors. The basal ganglia have moderate concentrations of receptors, while the pons, medulla and brainstem have only low concentrations of autoradiographic grains. These distributions are discussed in correlation with the known distribution of GABAergic terminals and the presence of inhibitory GABAergic mechanisms.
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41
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Palacios JM, Wamsley JK, Kuhar MJ. GABA benzodiazepine and histamine-H1 receptors in the guinea pig cerebellum: effects of kainic acid injections studied by autoradiographic methods. Brain Res 1981; 214:155-62. [PMID: 6263416 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
By using kainic acid (KA) to perform chemical lesions in the guinea pig cerebellum, we have caused degeneration of Purkinje cells without affecting cell morphology. Near the injection site we found a large decrease in autoradiographically labeled histamine-H1 and benzodiazepine receptors of the molecular layer while those receptors distant from the injection site were unaffected. GABA receptors in the granule cell layer remained uniformly constant even immediately adjacent to the lesion site. This evidence suggests that histamine-H1 and benzodiazepine receptors are present on neuronal elements (possibly on Purkinje cell dendrites) in the molecular layer of the cerebellum and that GABA receptors area associated with the KA-resistant granule cells.
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42
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Hill SJ, Hiley CR, Young JM. Extended mepyramine treatment and histamine H1-receptors in guinea-pig brain. Eur J Pharmacol 1981; 71:421-8. [PMID: 7250197 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(81)90186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of guinea-pigs for 24 days with a single daily dose of mepyramine, 5 mg/kg i.p. had no consistent significant effect on the number of histamine H1-receptors, determined from the promethazine-sensitive binding of [3H]mepyramine, in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus or intestinal smooth muscle. Measurement of the time course of the block of H1-mediated blood pressure responses in conscious guinea pigs following a single i.p. injection of mepyramine, 5 mg/kg, suggested that some degree of block persisted for up to 16 h. Treatment of guinea pigs with two daily doses of 5 mg mepyramine/kg, i.p., for 10 days had no consistent effect on the KD or capacity of promethazine-sensitive [3H]mepyramine binding to cerebellum or hypothalamus.
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Abstract
Measurement of histamine and its metabolizing enzymes in a variety of chordate species indicated that histamine and histamine methyltransferase were present in brain of all vertebrate species with a recognizable brain structure. Diamine oxidase was absent in mammalian brain but was present in brain of lower vertebrates. Histamine levels were especially high in amphibia and fish brains, in which the phylogenetically newer parts of the brain were less well-developed. In the spiny dogfish (as in mammals), brain histamine levels were highest in the midbrain regions. In contrast to brain, histamine levels were low in muscle, skin and intestine of all aquatic species.
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Abstract
Neurotensin is a putative peptide neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. The light microscopic localization of the neurotensin receptor has been carried out by the autoradiographic localization of [3H]neurotensin binding sites in slide-mounted tissue sections. Large variations in receptor distribution were found, even in small areas. In many regions, the distribution of the receptor paralleled that of the immunoreactive neurotensin found in other studies. The results suggest sites of neurotensin's action in producing various physiological effects such as hypothermia and analgesia.
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45
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Murrin LC. Neurotransmitter receptors: neuroanatomical localization through autoradiography. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1981; 22:111-71. [PMID: 6115824 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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46
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Palacios JM, Wamsley JK, Kuhar MJ. The distribution of histamine H1-receptors in the rat brain: an autoradiographic study. Neuroscience 1981; 6:15-37. [PMID: 6111763 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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47
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Geller HM. Histamine actions on activity of cultured hypothalamic neurons: evidence for mediation by H1- and H2-histamine receptors. Brain Res 1981; 227:89-101. [PMID: 6258751 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(81)90096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuberal hypothalamic tissue cultures were used to investigate the actions of histaminergic agents on neuronal activity using extracellular glass micropipettes. Histamine and H1- and H2-agonists were applied locally onto single active neurons by iontophoresis, while histaminergic antagonists were perfused through the bathing medium. Peri-event histogram and ratemeter analysis showed histamine to both excite and depress unit activity. Excitations were only antagonized by putative H1- and not H2-histamine antagonists, whereas inhibitions were antagonized by H2- and H2-antagonists. Dimaprit, a specific H2-agonist, elicited inhibitions of activity, while 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine, a putative H1-agonist, elicited both excitations and inhibitions. Two pharmacologically distinct populations of histamine receptors may exit in the hypothalamus: excitatory H2-receptors and inhibitory H2-receptors.
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Meibach RC, Maayani S, Green JP. Characterization and radioautography of [3H]LSD binding by rat brain slices in vitro: the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Eur J Pharmacol 1980; 67:371-82. [PMID: 7449822 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(80)90178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Binding of D-[3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to rat coronal brain slices and its blockade by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) had characteristics similar to those of brain homogenates in respect of KD, kinetics and reversibility of binding. Radioautography was done on slices that had been incubated in 6 nM [3H] LSD and on adjacent slices incubated in the same concentration of tritiated LSD plus 10(-5) M of 5-HT. Choroid plexus showed densest labeling of [3H] LSD. In neuropil, dense labeling occurred within parts of the hippocampal formation except for fields CA2 and CA3 which were sparsely labeled. All layers of the cortex except the posterior cingulate gyrus were labeled by LSD. 5-HT blocked labeling of choroid plexus, hippocampal formation, septum, pons, medulla and parts of cortex but only reduced labeling of most other structures. LSD binding sites may relate to some of its pharmacological effects.
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49
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Schwartz JC, Pollard H, Quach TT. Histamine as a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain: neurochemical evidence. J Neurochem 1980; 35:26-33. [PMID: 6108990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb12485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
beta-Receptors were identified in rat brain by a light microscopic autoradiographic technique. The procedure involved binding 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-receptors in intact slide-mounted tissue sections and generating autoradiograms by the apposition of emulsion-coated cover slips, Biochemical analysis of the binding indicated that these conditions provided a high degree of selective labeling of beta-receptors. High densities of receptors were found in superficial layers of the cerebral cortex, throughout the caudate-putamen, in the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus, in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, and in other areas. These results are in agreement with other electrophysiological and histochemical data. This radiohistochemical approach should be an important addition to other methods for mapping functional catecholamine neuronal pathways and sites of hormonal action.
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