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Casertano M, Genovese M, Santi A, Pranzini E, Balestri F, Piazza L, Del Corso A, Avunduk S, Imperatore C, Menna M, Paoli P. Evidence of Insulin-Sensitizing and Mimetic Activity of the Sesquiterpene Quinone Avarone, a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and Aldose Reductase Dual Targeting Agent from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020528. [PMID: 36839851 PMCID: PMC9964544 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and serious long-term complications. First-line therapeutic options for T2DM treatment are monodrug therapies, often replaced by multidrug therapies to ensure that non-responding patients maintain target glycemia levels. The use of multitarget drugs instead of mono- or multidrug therapies has been emerging as a main strategy to treat multifactorial diseases, including T2DM. Therefore, modern drug discovery in its early stages aims to identify potential modulators for multiple targets; for this purpose, exploration of the chemical space of natural products represents a powerful tool. Our study demonstrates that avarone, a sesquiterpene quinone obtained from the sponge Dysidea avara, is capable of inhibiting in vitro PTP1B, the main negative regulator of the insulin receptor, while it improves insulin sensitivity, and mitochondria activity in C2C12 cells. We observe that when avarone is administered alone, it acts as an insulin-mimetic agent. In addition, we show that avarone acts as a tight binding inhibitor of aldose reductase (AKR1B1), the enzyme involved in the development of diabetic complications. Overall, avarone could be proposed as a novel natural hit to be developed as a multitarget drug for diabetes and its pathological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Balestri
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Marine Pharmacology, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Piazza
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Corso
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56123 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Marine Pharmacology, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sibel Avunduk
- Medical Laboratory Programme, Vocational School of Health Care, Mugla University, Marmaris 48187, Turkey
| | - Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-081678518 (M.M.); +39-0552751248 (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-081678518 (M.M.); +39-0552751248 (P.P.)
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2
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Xishaeleganins A–D, Sesquiterpenoid Hydroquinones from Xisha Marine Sponge Dactylospongia elegans. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020118. [PMID: 35200647 PMCID: PMC8879793 DOI: 10.3390/md20020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new sesquiterpene hydroquinones, xishaeleganins A–D (6–9), along with eleven known related ones (12 and 14–23) were isolated from the Xisha marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans (family Thorectida). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and by comparison with the spectral data reported in the literature. Compounds 7, 15, 20, and 21 showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.5, 2.9, 5.6, and 5.6 µg/mL, which are comparable with those obtained for the positive control vancomycin (MIC: 1.0 µg/mL).
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Varijakzhan D, Loh JY, Yap WS, Yusoff K, Seboussi R, Lim SHE, Lai KS, Chong CM. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:246. [PMID: 33925365 PMCID: PMC8146879 DOI: 10.3390/md19050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief discussion regarding the mode of action of these compounds on the targeted sites in various pathogens. The bioactivity of the compounds discussed in this review is focused mainly on compounds that have been identified between 2000 and 2020 and includes the novel compounds discovered from 2018 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Varijakzhan
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Wai-Sum Yap
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Rabiha Seboussi
- Health Sciences Division, Al Ain Men’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Investigating the Antiparasitic Potential of the Marine Sesquiterpene Avarone, Its Reduced form Avarol, and the Novel Semisynthetic Thiazinoquinone Analogue Thiazoavarone. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020112. [PMID: 32075136 PMCID: PMC7074381 DOI: 10.3390/md18020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical analysis of the sponge Dysidea avara afforded the known sesquiterpene quinone avarone, along with its reduced form avarol. To further explore the role of the thiazinoquinone scaffold as an antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antischistosomal agent, we converted the quinone avarone into the thiazinoquinone derivative thiazoavarone. The semisynthetic compound, as well as the natural metabolites avarone and avarol, were pharmacologically investigated in order to assess their antiparasitic properties against sexual and asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum, larval and adult developmental stages of Schistosomamansoni (eggs included), and also against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica. Furthermore, in depth computational studies including density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed. A toxic semiquinone radical species which can be produced starting both from quinone- and hydroquinone-based compounds could mediate the anti-parasitic effects of the tested compounds.
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Kurhekar JV. Antimicrobial lead compounds from marine plants. PHYTOCHEMICALS AS LEAD COMPOUNDS FOR NEW DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153345 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817890-4.00017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Marine environment is a home to a very wide diversity of flora and fauna, which includes an array of genetically diverse coastline and under seawater plant species, animal species, microbial species, their habitats, ecosystems, and supporting ecological processes. The Earth is home to an estimated 10 million species, of which a large chunk belongs to marine environment. Marine plants are a store house of a variety of antimicrobial compounds like classes of marine flavonoids—flavones and flavonols, terpenoids, alkaloids, peptides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, polyketides, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and steroids. Lot of research today is directed toward marine species, which have proved to be a potent source of structurally widely diverse and yet highly bioactive secondary metabolites. Varied species of phylum Porifera, algae including diatoms, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chrysophyta, cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta, bacteria, fungi, and weeds have been exploited by mankind for their inherent indigenous biological antimicrobial compounds, produced under the extreme stressful underwater conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, light, and nutrition. The present study aims at presenting a brief review of bioactive marine compounds possessing antimicrobial potency.
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Abdjul DB, Yamazaki H, Takahashi O, Kirikoshi R, Ukai K, Namikoshi M. Sesquiterpene Hydroquinones with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activities from a Dysidea sp. Marine Sponge Collected in Okinawa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1842-1847. [PMID: 27336796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new sesquiterpene hydroquinones, avapyran (1), 17-O-acetylavarol (2), and 17-O-acetylneoavarol (3), were isolated from a Dysidea sp. marine sponge collected in Okinawa together with five known congeners: avarol (4), neoavarol (5), 20-O-acetylavarol (6), 20-O-acetylneoavarol (7), and 3'-aminoavarone (8). The structures of 1-3 were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 inhibited the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with IC50 values of 11, 9.5, and 6.5 μM, respectively, while known compounds 4-8 gave IC50 values of 12, >32, 10, 8.6, and 18 μM, respectively. In a preliminary investigation on structure-activity relationships, six ester and methoxy derivatives (9-14) were prepared from 4 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfly B Abdjul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University , Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Ryota Kirikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Ukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Michio Namikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Anjum K, Abbas SQ, Shah SAA, Akhter N, Batool S, Hassan SSU. Marine Sponges as a Drug Treasure. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:347-62. [PMID: 27350338 PMCID: PMC4930278 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges have been considered as a drug treasure house with respect to great potential regarding their secondary metabolites. Most of the studies have been conducted on sponge's derived compounds to examine its pharmacological properties. Such compounds proved to have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, antitumor, immunosuppressive, and cardiovascular activity. Although, the mode of action of many compounds by which they interfere with human pathogenesis have not been clear till now, in this review not only the capability of the medicinal substances have been examined in vitro and in vivo against serious pathogenic microbes but, the mode of actions of medicinal compounds were explained with diagrammatic illustrations. This knowledge is one of the basic components to be known especially for transforming medicinal molecules to medicines. Sponges produce a different kind of chemical substances with numerous carbon skeletons, which have been found to be the main component interfering with human pathogenesis at different sites. The fact that different diseases have the capability to fight at different sites inside the body can increase the chances to produce targeted medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Anjum
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I.Khan, K.P.K. 29050,
Pakistan
| | | | - Najeeb Akhter
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,
China
| | - Sundas Batool
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg,
Germany
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8
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Gronowitz JS, Lennerstrand J, Petterson A, Neumüller M, Johansson M, Kältender CFR. Determination of IC50 Values and the Mechanism of Action of HIV-1 RT Inhibitors, by the Use of Carrier Bound Template-Primer, Template, or Primer, with 125I-IUTP as Substrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029200300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel reverse transcriptase (RT) assay based on the combined use of macrobead-bound template and 125I-iododeoxyuridine-triphosphate (IUTP) was used to determine the IC50 values of various RT inhibitors. The results showed that this assay and the conventional assay gave similar IC50 values. The introduction of carrier bound template-primer, template, or primer also made it possible to design assays revealing the mechanism of action of various RT inhibitors. Unlabelled inhibitor substance could be incubated with carrier bound template-primer in the presence of excess enzyme, after which the inhibitor was removed and the residual template-primer function was analysed by RT assay. By this procedure it was found that chain elongation terminators like 2′,3′-dideoxy-TTP and 3′-azido-TTP destroyed the template-primer at low concentrations which corresponded to the amount of primer. In contrast, 20–200 times higher concentrations were needed for template-primer destruction when using substances continuously incorporated into the DNA, such as IUTP or TTP. Further, an inhibitor such as phosphonoformic acid (PFA) did not affect the template-primer at all. By excluding the excess RT in the first incubation, it was possible to determine whether or not the template-primer destruction of a given substance was enzyme dependent. Another feature of the macrobead bound template-primer, template, or primer useful for elucidation of the mechanism of action of RT inhibitors is that it can be used to study the interference between an inhibitor and the RTs binding to the template-primer, template, or primer. Briefly, the bead carrying the substrate is incubated with RT in the absence or presence of various inhibitor concentrations, followed by thorough wash. After this the bound RT activity is determined. Such analyses showed that, in contrast to different nucleic acids and oligonucleotides, the classic RT inhibitors either did not interfere or only interfered weakly with the binding of RT to the carrier bound template-primer, template, or primer. Due to the technical simplicity of this novel RT assay it is a far better tool to rapidly screen RT inhibitors than conventional procedures used to date. Further, the use of carrier bound template-primer, template, or primer offers a unique and simple technology for analysis of the mechanisms of action of different RT inhibitors and for analysis of the characteristics of different RT isozymes and mutated RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Gronowitz
- The Research Unit of Replication Enzymology, the Biochemical Centre, Box 584, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Lennerstrand
- The Research Unit of Replication Enzymology, the Biochemical Centre, Box 584, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Sangtec Medical AB, Box 20045, S-16120, Bromma, Sweden
| | - A. Petterson
- Medivir AB, Lunarstigen 7, 144 44 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M. Neumüller
- The Research Unit of Replication Enzymology, the Biochemical Centre, Box 584, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. Johansson
- The Research Unit of Replication Enzymology, the Biochemical Centre, Box 584, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C. F. R. Kältender
- The Research Unit of Replication Enzymology, the Biochemical Centre, Box 584, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Vilipić J, Novaković I, Stanojković T, Matić I, Šegan D, Kljajić Z, Sladić D. Synthesis and biological activity of amino acid derivatives of avarone and its model compound. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6930-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Gogineni V, Schinazi RF, Hamann MT. Role of Marine Natural Products in the Genesis of Antiviral Agents. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9655-706. [PMID: 26317854 PMCID: PMC4883660 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedanjali Gogineni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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11
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Shan WG, Ying YM, Ma LF, Zhan ZJ. Drimane-Related Merosesquiterpenoids, a Promising Library of Metabolites for Drug Development. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63473-3.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Daletos G, de Voogd NJ, Müller WEG, Wray V, Lin W, Feger D, Kubbutat M, Aly AH, Proksch P. Cytotoxic and protein kinase inhibiting nakijiquinones and nakijiquinols from the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:218-226. [PMID: 24479418 DOI: 10.1021/np400633m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia afforded five new sesquiterpene aminoquinones (1-5), two new sesquiterpene benzoxazoles (6 and 7), the known analogue 18-hydroxy-5-epi-hyrtiophenol (8), and a known glycerolipid. The structures of all compounds were unambiguously elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and by MS analyses, as well as by comparison with the literature. Compounds 1-5 showed potent cytotoxicity against the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 3.7 μM. When tested in vitro for their inhibitory potential against 16 different protein kinases, compounds 5, 6, and 8 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against ALK, FAK, IGF1-R, SRC, VEGF-R2, Aurora-B, MET wt, and NEK6 kinases (IC50 0.97-8.62 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Daletos
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kiem PV, Minh CV, Nhiem NX, Cuc NT, Quang NV, Tuan Anh HL, Tai BH, Yen PH, Hoai NT, Ho KY, Kim N, Park S, Kim SH. Muurolane-type sesquiterpenes from marine sponge Dysidea cinerea. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:51-56. [PMID: 24243694 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Seven new muurolane-type sesquiterpenes, (4R,5R)-muurol-1(6),10(14)-diene-4,5-diol (1), (4R,5R)-muurol-1(6)-ene-4,5-diol (2), (4R,5R,10R)-10-methoxymuurol-1(6)-ene-4,5-diol (3), (4S)-4-hydroxy-1,10-seco-muurol-5-ene-1,10-dione (4), (4R)-4-hydroxy-1,10-seco-muurol-5-ene-1,10-dione (5), (6S,10S)-6,10-dihydroxy-7,8-seco-2,8-cyclo-muurol-4(5),7(11)-diene-12-oic acid (6), and (6R,10S)-6,10-dihydroxy-7,8-seco-2,8-cyclo-muurol-4(5),7(11)-diene-12-oic acid (7) were isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea cinerea. Their structures were determined by the combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and CD spectra as well as by comparing the NMR data with those reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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14
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Schmalzbauer B, Herrmann J, Müller R, Menche D. Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Dysidavarone A. Org Lett 2013; 15:964-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400156u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schmalzbauer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) and Institut für Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Gebäude C 2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) and Institut für Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Gebäude C 2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) and Institut für Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Gebäude C 2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) and Institut für Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Gebäude C 2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Treitler DS, Li Z, Krystal M, Meanwell NA, Snyder SA. Evaluation of HIV-1 inhibition by stereoisomers and analogues of the sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone peyssonol A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2192-6. [PMID: 23434230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peyssonol A, a brominated natural product with documented anti-HIV-1 activity, was synthesized racemically along with 6 isomers and 15 truncated analogues and synthetic precursors. These compounds were screened in a cell-based assay against a recombinant HIV-1 strain to investigate structure-activity relationships. The results obtained suggest that both the aliphatic and aromatic domains of peyssonol A are responsible for its potency, while the stereochemical configuration of the substituents on the aliphatic domain, including their bromine atom, are largely irrelevant. Although none of the analogues tested were as potent as the parent natural product, several exhibited greater therapeutic indices due to reduced cytotoxicity, noting that nearly all compounds tested were measurably cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Treitler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Bioactive Marine Prenylated Quinones/Quinols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53836-9.00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Jiao WH, Huang XJ, Yang JS, Yang F, Piao SJ, Gao H, Li J, Ye WC, Yao XS, Chen WS, Lin HW. Dysidavarones A–D, New Sesquiterpene Quinones from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara. Org Lett 2011; 14:202-5. [PMID: 22133022 DOI: 10.1021/ol202994c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Jiao
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Si Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jian Piao
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gao
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P. R. China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China, and National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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Felts AK, Labarge K, Bauman JD, Patel DV, Himmel DM, Arnold E, Parniak MA, Levy RM. Identification of alternative binding sites for inhibitors of HIV-1 ribonuclease H through comparative analysis of virtual enrichment studies. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1986-98. [PMID: 21714567 DOI: 10.1021/ci200194w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ribonuclease H (RNase H) domain on the p66 monomer of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme has become a target for inhibition. The active site is one potential binding site, but other RNase H sites can accommodate inhibitors. Using a combination of experimental and computational studies, potential new binding sites and binding modes have been identified. Libraries of compounds were screened with an experimental assay to identify actives without knowledge of the binding site. The compounds were computationally docked at putative binding sites. Based on positive enrichment of natural-product actives relative to the database of compounds, we propose that many inhibitors bind to an alternative, potentially allosteric, site centered on Q507 of p66. For a series of hydrazone compounds, a small amount of positive enrichment was obtained when active compounds were bound by induced-fit docking at the interface between the DNA:RNA substrate and the RNase H domain near residue Q500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K Felts
- BioMaPS Institute for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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19
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Sagar S, Kaur M, Minneman KP. Antiviral lead compounds from marine sponges. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2619-38. [PMID: 21116410 PMCID: PMC2992996 DOI: 10.3390/md8102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are currently one of the richest sources of pharmacologically active compounds found in the marine environment. These bioactive molecules are often secondary metabolites, whose main function is to enable and/or modulate cellular communication and defense. They are usually produced by functional enzyme clusters in sponges and/or their associated symbiotic microorganisms. Natural product lead compounds from sponges have often been found to be promising pharmaceutical agents. Several of them have successfully been approved as antiviral agents for clinical use or have been advanced to the late stages of clinical trials. Most of these drugs are used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The most important antiviral lead of marine origin reported thus far is nucleoside Ara-A (vidarabine) isolated from sponge Tethya crypta. It inhibits viral DNA polymerase and DNA synthesis of herpes, vaccinica and varicella zoster viruses. However due to the discovery of new types of viruses and emergence of drug resistant strains, it is necessary to develop new antiviral lead compounds continuously. Several sponge derived antiviral lead compounds which are hopedto be developed as future drugs are discussed in this review. Supply problems are usually the major bottleneck to the development of these compounds as drugs during clinical trials. However advances in the field of metagenomics and high throughput microbial cultivation has raised the possibility that these techniques could lead to the cost-effective large scale production of such compounds. Perspectives on biotechnological methods with respect to marine drug development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sagar
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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In situ aquaculture methods for Dysidea avara (Demospongiae, Porifera) in the northwestern Mediterranean. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1731-42. [PMID: 20631865 PMCID: PMC2901820 DOI: 10.3390/md8061731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges produce secondary metabolites that can be used as a natural source for the design of new drugs and cosmetics. There is, however, a supply problem with these natural substances for research and eventual commercialisation of the products. In situ sponge aquaculture is nowadays one of the most reliable methods to supply pharmaceutical companies with sufficient quantities of the target compound. In this study, we focus on the aquaculture of the sponge Dysidea avara (Schmidt, 1862), which produces avarol, a sterol with interesting pharmaceutical attributes. The soft consistency of this species makes the traditional culture method based on holding explants on ropes unsuitable. We have tested alternative culture methods for D. avara and optimized the underwater structures to hold the sponges to be used in aquaculture. Explants of this sponge were mounted on horizontal ropes, inside small cages or glued to substrates. Culture efficiency was evaluated by determination of sponge survival, growth rates, and bioactivity (as an indication of production of the target metabolite). While the cage method was the best method for explant survival, the glue method was the best one for explant growth and the rope method for bioactivity.
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21
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Shen X, Guo YW. A novel sesquiterpene quinone from Hainan sponge Dysidea villosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:390-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Nakijiquinones E and F, new dimeric sesquiterpenoid quinones from marine sponge. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2185-8. [PMID: 19017563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new dimeric sesquiterpenoid quinones, nakijiquinones E (1) and F (2), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge, and the structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of the spectral data. Nakijiquinones E (1) and F (2) were the first dimeric sesquiterpenoid quinones possessing a 3-aminobenzoate moiety.
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23
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Sakurai J, Oguchi T, Watanabe K, Abe H, Kanno SI, Ishikawa M, Katoh T. Highly efficient total synthesis of the marine natural products (+)-avarone, (+)-avarol, (-)-neoavarone, (-)-neoavarol and (+)-aureol. Chemistry 2008; 14:829-37. [PMID: 17992684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biologically important and structurally unique marine natural products avarone (1), avarol (2), neoavarone (3), neoavarol (4) and aureol (5), were efficiently synthesized in a unified manner starting from (+)-5-methyl-Wieland-Miescher ketone 10. The synthesis involved the following crucial steps: i) Sequential BF(3)Et(2)O-induced rearrangement/cyclization reaction of 2 and 4 to produce 5 with complete stereoselectivity in high yield (2 --> 5 and 4 --> 5); ii) strategic salcomine oxidation of the phenolic compounds 6 and 8 to derive the corresponding quinones 1 and 3 (6 --> 1 and 8 --> 3); and iii) Birch reductive alkylation of 10 with bromide 11 to construct the requisite carbon framework 12 (10 + 11 --> 12). An in vitro cytotoxicity assay of compounds 1-5 against human histiocytic lymphoma cells U937 determined the order of cytotoxic potency (3 > 1 > 5 > 2 > 4) and some novel aspects of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Sakurai
- Laboratory of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
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24
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de Caralt S, Otjens H, Uriz MJ, Wijffels RH. Cultivation of sponge larvae: settlement, survival, and growth of juveniles. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 9:592-605. [PMID: 17624577 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-007-9013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to culture sponge juveniles from larvae. Starting from larvae we expected to enhance the survival and growth, and to decrease the variation in these parameters during the sponge cultures. First, settlement success, morphological changes during metamorphosis, and survival of Dysidea avara, Ircinia oros, Hippospongia communis, under the same culture conditions, were compared. In a second step, we tested the effects of flow and food on survival and growth of juveniles from Dysidea avara and Crambe crambe. Finally, in a third experiment, we monitored survival and growth of juveniles of D. avara and C. crambe transplanted to the sea to compare laboratory and field results. The results altogether indicated that sponge culture from larvae is a promising method for sponge supply and that laboratory culture under controlled conditions is preferred over sea cultures in order to prevent biomass losses during these early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia de Caralt
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Cruchaga C, Anso E, Font M, Martino V, Rouzaut A, Martinez-Irujo J. A new strategy to inhibit the excision reaction catalysed by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: compounds that compete with the template-primer. Biochem J 2007; 405:165-71. [PMID: 17355225 PMCID: PMC1925251 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the excision reaction catalysed by HIV-1 RT (reverse transcriptase) represent a promising approach in the fight against HIV, because these molecules would interfere with the main mechanism of resistance of this enzyme towards chain-terminating nucleotides. Only a limited number of compounds have been demonstrated to inhibit this reaction to date, including NNRTIs (non-nucleoside RT inhibitors) and certain pyrophosphate analogues. We have found previously that 2GP (2-O-galloylpunicalin), an antiviral compound extracted from the leaves of Terminalia triflora, was able to inhibit both the RT and the RNase H activities of HIV-1 RT without affecting cell proliferation or viability. In the present study, we show that 2GP also inhibited the ATP- and PP(i)-dependent phosphorolysis catalysed by wild-type and AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine)-resistant enzymes at sub-micromolar concentrations. Kinetic and direct-binding analysis showed that 2GP was a non-competitive inhibitor against the nucleotide substrate, whereas it competed with the binding of RT to the template-primer (K(d)=85 nM). As expected from its mechanism of action, 2GP was active against mutations conferring resistance to NNRTIs and AZT. The combination of AZT with 2GP was highly synergistic when tested in the presence of pyrophosphate, indicating that the inhibition of RT-catalysed phosphorolysis was responsible for the synergy found. Although other RT inhibitors that compete with the template-primer have been described, this is the first demonstration that these compounds can be used to block the excision of chain terminating nucleotides, providing a rationale for their combination with nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruchaga
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Anso
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Font
- †Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Virginia S. Martino
- ‡Cátedra de Farmacognosia, IQIMEFA (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Ana Rouzaut
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Martinez-Irujo
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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26
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Tsoukatou M, Maréchal JP, Hellio C, Novaković I, Tufegdzic S, Sladić D, Gašić MJ, Clare AS, Vagias C, Roussis V. Evaluation of the activity of the sponge metabolites avarol and avarone and their synthetic derivatives against fouling micro- and macroorganisms. Molecules 2007; 12:1022-34. [PMID: 17873837 PMCID: PMC6149471 DOI: 10.3390/12051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 05/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol (1) was isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara, whereas the corresponding quinone, avarone (2), was obtained by oxidation of avarol, and the significantly more lipophilic compounds [3'-(p-chloro-phenyl)avarone (3), 3',4'-ethylenedithioavarone (4), 4'-isopropylthioavarone (5), 4'-tert-butylthioavarone (6), 4'-propylthioavarone (7), 4'-octylthioavarone (8)] were obtained by nucleophilic addition of thiols or p-chloroaniline to avarone. All these compounds were tested, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 microg/mL, for their effect on the settlement of the cyprid stage of Balanus amphitrite, for toxicity to both nauplii and cyprids and for their growth inhibitory activity on marine bacteria (Cobetia marina, Marinobacterium stanieri, Vibrio fischeri and Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis) and marine fungi (Halosphaeriopsis mediosetigera, Asteromyces cruciatus, Lulworthia uniseptata and Monodictys pelagica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsoukatou
- University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, GR 15771, Greece; E-mails: ;
| | - Jean Philippe Maréchal
- Newcastle University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.; E-mail: ;
- Observatoire de Milieu Marin Martiniquais, 3 Avenue Condorcet, 97200 Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies
| | - Claire Hellio
- Portsmouth University, School of Biological Sciences, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, U.K.; E-mail:
| | - Irena Novaković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; E-mails: ; ; ;
| | - Srdan Tufegdzic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; E-mails: ; ; ;
| | - Dusan Sladić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; E-mails: ; ; ;
| | - Miroslav J. Gašić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; E-mails: ; ; ;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
| | - Anthony S. Clare
- Newcastle University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.; E-mail: ;
| | - Constantinos Vagias
- University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, GR 15771, Greece; E-mails: ;
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, GR 15771, Greece; E-mails: ;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed;
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Amigó M, Schalkwijk J, Olthuis D, De Rosa S, Payá M, Terencio MC, Lamme E. Identification of avarol derivatives as potential antipsoriatic drugs using an in vitro model for keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Life Sci 2006; 79:2395-404. [PMID: 16973179 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Avarol, a marine sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, and 14 avarol derivatives have shown interesting anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies. In this study, avarol and derivatives were evaluated in high-throughput keratinocyte culture models using cytokeratin 10 and SKALP/Elafin expression as markers for respectively normal and psoriatic differentiation. Avarol and five of its derivatives (5, 10, 13, 14 and 15) were selected for further study. Only 10, 13, 14 and 15 were able to inhibit keratinocyte cell growth. Changes in expression levels of 22 genes were assessed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). From these genes, TNFalpha mRNA levels showed the strongest changes. For compound 13, 15 and dithranol (used as a model antipsoriatic drug), a dose-dependent downregulation of TNFalpha mRNA was found. The changes in TNFalpha mRNA were confirmed at the protein level for compound 13. Additionally, this compound was able to reduce also IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA levels and this effect was correlated with a reduction in COX-2 protein expression. The mechanism of action of this compound involves at least the inhibition of NF-kappaB-DNA binding activity. In conclusion, our high-throughput screening models in combination with quantitative assessment of changes in gene expression profiles identified the avarol derivative 13, a benzylamine derivative of avarol at the 4' position of benzoquinone ring, as an interesting anti-psoriatic drug candidate that inhibits keratinocyte cell growth and TNFalpha and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amigó
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av., Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Reactivity and biological activity of the marine sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol and related compounds from sponges of the order Dictyoceratida. Molecules 2006; 11:1-33. [PMID: 17962742 DOI: 10.3390/11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of results of bioactivity and reactivity examinations of marine sesquiterpene (hydro)quinones is presented. The article is focused mostly on friedo- rearranged drimane structural types, isolated from sponges of the order Dictyoceratida. Examples of structural correlations are outlined. Available results on the mechanism of redox processes and examinations of chemo- and regioselectivity in addition reactions are presented and, where possible, analyzed in relation to established bioactivities. Most of the bioactivity examinations are concerned with antitumor activities and the mechanism thereof, such as DNA damage, arylation of nucleophiles, tubulin assembly inhibition, protein kinase inhibition, inhibition of the arachidonic cascade, etc. Perspectives on marine drug development are discussed with respect to biotechnological methods and synthesis. Examples of the recognition of validated core structures and synthesis of structurally simplified compounds retaining modes of activity are analyzed.
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Prokof'eva NG, Utkina NK, Chaikina EL, Makarchenko AE. Biological activities of marine sesquiterpenoid quinones: structure-activity relationships in cytotoxic and hemolytic assays. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 139:169-73. [PMID: 15465662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoid quinones from marine sponges and their semisynthetic derivatives were compared for cytotoxicity on developing eggs of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus and Ehrlich carcinoma cells, and for hemolytic activities on mice red blood cells. Structure-activity studies showed that activities of these compounds with a hydroxyl group at C-20 ((2), (7)) were higher than their methoxyl ((1), (8)) and amino ((4), (5)) derivatives at this position. Sesquiterpenoid quinones containing a dihydropyran ring ((10)-(12)) had lower activity than noncyclic compounds. The structure of the terpenoid moieties of the compounds had no significant influence on biological activity. There was a direct correlation between cytotoxic and hemolytic activities. This report discusses the mechanism of action employed by these compounds against cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Prokof'eva
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
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30
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Sipkema D, Franssen MCR, Osinga R, Tramper J, Wijffels RH. Marine sponges as pharmacy. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:142-62. [PMID: 15776313 PMCID: PMC7087563 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-0405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges have been considered as a gold mine during the past 50 years, with respect to the diversity of their secondary metabolites. The biological effects of new metabolites from sponges have been reported in hundreds of scientific papers, and they are reviewed here. Sponges have the potential to provide future drugs against important diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammations. Although the molecular mode of action of most metabolites is still unclear, for a substantial number of compounds the mechanisms by which they interfere with the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases have been reported. This knowledge is one of the key factors necessary to transform bioactive compounds into medicines. Sponges produce a plethora of chemical compounds with widely varying carbon skeletons, which have been found to interfere with pathogenesis at many different points. The fact that a particular disease can be fought at different points increases the chance of developing selective drugs for specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detmer Sipkema
- Wageningen University, Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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32
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Rudi A, Benayahu Y, Kashman Y. Likonides A and B: New Ansa Farnesyl Quinols from the Marine Sponge Hyatella sp. Org Lett 2004; 6:4013-6. [PMID: 15496087 DOI: 10.1021/ol048358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Two novel ansa farnesyl quinols, designated likonides A and B, were isolated together with avarone from the Kenyan sponge Hyatella sp. The compounds are of a unique ansa structure. The structures and stereochemistry of the compounds were elucidated by interpretation of MS, two-dimensional NMR, and CD experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Rudi
- School of Chemistry and Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Müller WE, Schröder HC, Wiens M, Perović-Ottstadt S, Batel R, Müller IM. Traditional and Modern Biomedical Prospecting: Part II-the Benefits: Approaches for a Sustainable Exploitation of Biodiversity (Secondary Metabolites and Biomaterials from Sponges). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2004; 1:133-144. [PMID: 15480439 PMCID: PMC516461 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The progress in molecular and cell biology has enabled a rational exploitation of the natural resources of the secondary metabolites and biomaterials from sponges (phylum Porifera). It could be established that these natural substances are superior for biomedical application to those obtained by the traditional combinatorial chemical approach. It is now established that the basic structural and functional elements are highly conserved from sponges to the crown taxa within the Protostomia (Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans) and Deuterostomia (human); therefore, it is obvious that the molecular etiology of diseases within the metazoan animals have a common basis. Hence, the major challenge for scientists studying natural product chemistry is to elucidate the target(s) of a given secondary metabolite, which is per se highly active and selective. After this step, the potential clinical application can be approached. The potential value of some selected secondary metabolites, all obtained from sponges and their associated microorganisms, is highlighted. Examples of compounds that are already in medical use (inhibition of tumor/virus growth [arabinofuranosyl cytosine and arabinofuranosyl adenine]), or are being considered as lead structures (acting as cytostatic and anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites [avarol/avarone], causing induction of apoptosis [sorbicillactone]) or as prototypes for the interference with metabolic pathways common in organisms ranging from sponges to humans (modulation of pathways activated by fungal components [aeroplysinin], inhibition of angiogenesis [2-methylthio-1,4-napthoquinone], immune modulating activity [FK506]) are discussed in this study. In addition, bioactive proteins from sponges are listed (antibacterial activity [pore-forming protein and tachylectin]). Finally, it is outlined that the skeletal elements-the spicules-serve as blueprints for new biomaterials, especially those based on biosilica, which might be applied in biomedicine. These compounds and biomaterials have been isolated/studied by members of the German Center of Excellence BIOTECmarin. The goal for the future is to successfully introduce some of these compounds in the treatment of human diseases in order to raise the public awareness on the richness and diversity of natural products, which should be sustainably exploited for human benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E.G. Müller
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, UniversitätDuesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz; Germany
- For reprints and all correspondence: Prof Dr WEG Müller, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz; Germany. Tel: +6131-3925910; Fax: +6131-3925243. E-mail:
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, UniversitätDuesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz; Germany
| | - Matthias Wiens
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, UniversitätDuesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz; Germany
| | - Sanja Perović-Ottstadt
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, UniversitätDuesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz; Germany
| | - Renato Batel
- Center for Marine Research, Ruder Boskovic InstituteHR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Isabel M. Müller
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, UniversitätDuesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz; Germany
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Ling T, Poupon E, Rueden EJ, Kim SH, Theodorakis EA. Unified synthesis of quinone sesquiterpenes based on a radical decarboxylation and quinone addition reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12261-7. [PMID: 12371868 DOI: 10.1021/ja027517q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A unified synthesis of several quinone sesquiterpenes is described herein. Essential to this strategy is a novel radical addition reaction that permits the attachment of a fully substituted bicyclic core 16 to a variably substituted quinone 10. The addition product 15 can be further functionalized, giving access to natural products with a high degree of oxygenation at the quinone unit. The quinone addition reaction is characterized by excellent chemoselectivity, taking place only at conjugated and unsubstituted double bonds, and regioselectivity, being strongly influenced by the resonance effect of heteroatoms located on the quinone ring. These features were successfully applied to the synthesis of avarol (1), avarone (2), methoxyavarones (4, 5), ilimaquinone (6), and smenospongidine (7), thereby demonstating the synthetic value of this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA
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Laube T, Schröder J, Stehle R, Seifert K. Total synthesis of yahazunol, zonarone and isozonarone. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Min BS, Miyashiro H, Hattori M. Inhibitory effects of quinones on RNase H activity associated with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Phytother Res 2002; 16 Suppl 1:S57-62. [PMID: 11933141 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new drugs preventing the growth of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we developed an in vitro assay method of ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity associated with reverse transcriptase (RT) from HIV-1. Some naphthoquinones, such as 1,4-naphthoquinone (1), vitamin K(3) (2), juglone (3) and plumbagin (6), moderately inhibited RNase H activity, and others, including naphthazarin (5) and shikonins (8-9, 18-23), showed weak inhibition. Diterpenoid quinones, tanshinones (24-28), had also moderate inhibition against RNase H activity. Of these quinones, compound 1 showed the most potent inhibition on RNase H activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 9.5 microM, together with moderate inhibition against RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP and DDDP) activities with IC(50) values of 69 and 36 microM, respectively. Compounds 3 and 5 showed significant inhibition against RDDP (IC(50) = 8 and 10 microM, respectively) and DDDP (IC(50) = 5 and 7 microM, respectively) activities. The structure-activity relationship of the naphthoquinones suggested that non-hydroxylated naphthoquinones (1 and 2) showed significant inhibition of RNase H activity, whereas 5-hydroxylated naphthoquinones (3 and 5) showed potent inhibition against RDDP and DDDP activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Min
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Min BS, Tomiyama M, Ma CM, Nakamura N, Hattori M. Kaempferol acetylrhamnosides from the rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma and their inhibitory effects on three different activities of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:546-50. [PMID: 11383604 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three new kaempferol glycosides, called crassirhizomosides A (1), B (2) and C (3), were isolated from the rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma (Aspidiaceae), together with the known kaempferol glycoside, sutchuenoside A (4). The structures of 1-3 were determined as kaempferol 3-alpha-L-(2,4-di-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranoside-7-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol 3-alpha-L-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol 3-alpha-L-(2,3-di-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranosside-7-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, respectively, by chemical and spectroscopic means. Inhibitory effects of 1-4 and kaempferol on human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase-associated DNA polymerase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase) and RNase H activities were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Min
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan
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Miguel Del Corral JM, Gordaliza M, Castro MA, Mahiques MM, Chamorro P, Molinari A, García-Grávalos MD, Broughton HB, San Feliciano A. New selective cytotoxic diterpenylquinones and diterpenylhydroquinones. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1257-67. [PMID: 11312925 DOI: 10.1021/jm001048q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of diterpenylquinone/hydroquinones has been prepared by Diels-Alder cycloaddition between three labdanic diterpenoids (myrceocommunic acid, methyl myrceocommunate, and myrceocommunyl acetate) and p-benzoquinone or 1,4-naphthoquinone. Influences of the quinone/hydroquinone fragment and other structural features, such as the different functionalities in the terpenic core, are considered in relation to the cytotoxicity toward neoplastic cells and the selectivity of these diterpenylnaphthoquinones/hydroquinones and anthraquinones. Several compounds showed IC50 values under the micromolar level, and four of these derivatives were evaluated at the NCI screening panel. The results showed an important selectivity toward renal cancer lines, identifying these compounds as a very promising group of antineoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Miguel Del Corral
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007-Salamanca, Spain.
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Abstract
A large variety of natural products have been described as anti-HIV agents, and for a portion thereof the target of interaction has been identified. Cyanovirin-N, a 11-kDa protein from Cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) irreversibly inactivates HIV and also aborts cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of HIV, due to its high-affinity interaction with gp120. Various sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds (i.e., Nothogenia fastigiata, Aghardhiella tenera) inhibit the virus adsorption process. Ingenol derivatives may inhibit virus adsorption at least in part through down-regulation of CD4 molecules on the host cells. Inhibition of virus adsorption by flavanoids such as (-)epicatechin and its 3-O-gallate has been attributed to an irreversible interaction with gp120 (although these compounds are also known as reverse transcriptase inhibitors). For the triterpene glycyrrhizin (extracted from the licorice root Glycyrrhiza radix) the mode of anti-HIV action may at least in part be attributed to interference with virus-cell binding. The mannose-specific plant lectins from Galanthus, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, Epipac tis helleborine, and Listera ovata, and the N-acetylgl ucosamine-specific lectin from Urtica dioica would primarily be targeted at the virus-cell fusion process. Various other natural products seem to qualify as HIV-cell fusion inhibitors: the siamycins [siamycin I (BMY-29304), siamycin II (RP 71955, BMY 29303), and NP-06 (FR901724)] which are tricyclic 21-amino-acid peptides isolated from Streptomyces spp that differ from one another only at position 4 or 17 (valine or isoleucine in each case); the betulinic acid derivative RPR 103611, and the peptides tachyplesin and polyphemusin which are highly abundant in hemocyte debris of the horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus, i.e., the 18-amino-acid peptide T22 from which T134 has been derived. Both T22 and T134 have been shown to block T-tropic X4 HIV-1 strains through a specific antagonism with the HIV corecept or CXCR4. A number of natural products have been reported to interact with the reverse transcriptase, i.e., baicalin, avarol, avarone, psychotrine, phloroglucinol derivatives, and, in particular, calanolides (from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum) and inophyllums (from the Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum). The natural marine substance illimaquinone would be targeted at the RNase H function of the reverse transcriptase. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane, from turmeric, the roots/rhizomes of Curcuma spp), dicaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylt artaric acids, L-chicoric acid, and a number of fungal metabolites (equisetin, phomasetin, oteromycin, and integric acid) have all been proposed as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Yet, we have recently shown that L-c hicoric acid owes its anti-HIV activity to a specific interaction with the viral envelope gp120 rather than integrase. A number of compounds would be able to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression at the transcription level: the flavonoid chrysin (through inhibition of casein kinase II, the antibacter ial peptides melittin (from bee venom) and cecropin, and EM2487, a novel substance produced by Streptomyces. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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Puliti R, Mattia C. Conformational stability of avarol-type molecules. Crystal structure of 3′-methylaminoavarone, a metabolite from Dysidea avara. J Mol Struct 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(99)00125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Loya S, Rudi A, Kashman Y, Hizi A. Mode of inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase by 2-hexaprenylhydroquinone, a novel general inhibitor of RNA-and DNA-directed DNA polymerases. Biochem J 1997; 324 ( Pt 3):721-7. [PMID: 9210394 PMCID: PMC1218486 DOI: 10.1042/bj3240721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A natural compound from the Red Sea sponge Ircinia sp., 2-hexaprenylhydroquinone (HPH), has been shown to be a general inhibitor of retroviral reverse transcriptases (from HIV-1, HIV-2 and murine leukaemia virus) as well as of cellular DNA polymerases (Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, and DNA polymerases alpha and beta). The pattern of inhibition was found to be similar for all DNA polymerases tested. Thus the mode of inhibition was studied in detail for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. HPH is a non-competitive inhibitor and binds the enzyme irreversibly with high affinity (Ki=0. 62 microM). The polar hydroxy groups have been shown to be of key importance. A methylated derivative, mHPH, which is devoid of these polar moieties, showed a significantly decreased capacity to inhibit all DNA polymerases tested. Like the natural product, mHPH binds the enzyme independently at an allosteric site, but with reduced affinity (Ki=7.4 microM). We show that HPH does not interfere with the first step of the polymerization process, i.e. the physical formation of the reverse-transcriptase-DNA complex. Consequently, we suggest that the natural inhibitor interferes with the subsequent steps of the overall reaction. Since HPH seems not to affect the affinity of dNTP for the enzyme (the Km is unchanged under conditions where the HPH concentration is increased), we speculate that its inhibitory capacity is derived from its effect on the nucleotidyl-transfer catalytic reaction. We suggest that such a mechanism of inhibition is typical of an inhibitor whose mode of inhibition should be common to all RNA- and DNA-directed polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Loya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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An J, Wiemer DF. Stereoselective Synthesis of (+)-Avarol, (+)-Avarone, and Some Nonracemic Analogues. J Org Chem 1996; 61:8775-8779. [PMID: 11667853 DOI: 10.1021/jo961048r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the rearranged drimane sesquiterpenoids (+)-avarol and (+)-avarone from Wieland-Miescher ketone is described. This synthetic sequence provides convenient access to the natural enantiomers and, based on comparison of the optical rotation of synthetic avarol dimethyl ether with literature data, affords material of significantly higher optical rotation than a natural source. Similar synthetic strategies have been used to obtain several related compounds, including a decalin bearing an exocyclic olefin and a highly substituted cyclohexane, that can be viewed as hybrids of the trans-fused avarol and cis-fused arenarol skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Depending on the stage of their intervention with the viral replicative cycle, human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors could be divided into the following groups: (i) adsorption inhibitors (i.e., CD4 constructs, polysulfates, polysulfonates, polycarboxylates, and polyoxometalates), (ii) fusion inhibitors (i.e., plant lectins, succinylated or aconitylated albumins, and betulinic acid derivatives), (iii) uncoating inhibitors (i.e., bicyclams), (iv) reverse transcription inhibitors acting either competitively with the substrate binding site (i.e., dideoxynucleoside analogs and acyclic nucleoside phosphonates) or allosterically with a nonsubstrate binding site (i.e., non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), (v) integration inhibitors, (vi) DNA replication inhibitors, (vii) transcription inhibitors (i.e., antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and Tat antagonists), (viii) translation inhibitors (i.e., antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and ribozymes), (ix) maturation inhibitors (i.e., protease inhibitors, myristoylation inhibitors, and glycosylation inhibitors), and finally, (x) budding (assembly/release) inhibitors. Current knowledge, including the therapeutic potential, of these various inhibitors is discussed. In view of their potential clinical the utility, the problem of virus-drug resistance and possible strategies to circumvent this problem are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Bakhanashvili M, Hizi A. Interaction of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with DNA. Biochemistry 1994; 33:12222-8. [PMID: 7522556 DOI: 10.1021/bi00206a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During DNA synthesis, the binding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) to the template-primer precedes its binding to nucleotide triphosphates. The interaction of oligonucleotide DNA with HIV-1 RT was investigated by using a gel retardation assay. Both homodimeric (p66/p66) and heterodimeric (p66/p51) isoforms of HIV-1 RT were capable of binding the DNA oligomers. Thus, all further studies on the interaction of HIV-1 RT with DNA were done with heterodimeric RT. We have studied the conditions for optimal binding. The formation of the RT-DNA complex was primer-independent, and the extent of DNA binding was indistinguishable for both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA (either blunt-ended or recessed). The DNA binding activity of the RT was found to be dependent on oligonucleotide length. HIV-1 RT binds DNA with no apparent sequence specificity. Hence, this enzyme belongs to the sequence nonspecific DNA binding proteins. The interaction was found to be independent of DNA synthesis. The formation of the RT-DNA complex was not influenced by the presence of either template-complementary or noncomplementary dNTPs, indicating that neither DNA polymerization nor binding of the RT to the dNTP affects the stability of the complex. The gel retardation assay was utilized to examine also the effect of various HIV-1 RT inhibitors (i.e., AZT-TP, ddTTP, TIBO, and 3,5,8-trihydroxy-4-quinolone) on the enzyme-DNA interaction. The results indicate differences in the modes of action of these compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bakhanashvili
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Yoon T, Danishefsky SJ, de Gala S. Eine kurze Totalsynthese von (±)-Mamanuthachinon über eineexo-Diels-Alder-Reaktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Talpir R, Rudi A, Kashman Y, Loya Y, Hizi A. Three new sesquiterpene hydroquinones from marine origin. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Isaacs S, Kashman Y, Loya S, Hizi A, Loya Y. Petrosynol and petrosolic acid, two novel natural inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus from petrosia sp. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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