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Rocco A, Donati E, Touloupakis E, Aturki Z. Miniaturized separation techniques as analytical methods to ensure quality and safety of dietary supplements. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fanali C, Dugo L, Dugo P, Mondello L. Capillary-liquid chromatography (CLC) and nano-LC in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Song C, Zhang C, Sun Z, You J, Suo Y. DETERMINATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS INMICROULA SIKKIMENSISSEED OIL USING 1,2-BENZOCARBAZOLE-9-ETHYL-P-TOLUENESULFONATE AS A NOVEL LABELING REAGENT BY HPLC WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND APCI-MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Song
- a Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province , Qufu Normal University , Qufu , P. R. China
| | - Caiqing Zhang
- b Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital , Jinan , P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province , Qufu Normal University , Qufu , P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- a Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province , Qufu Normal University , Qufu , P. R. China
- c Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology , Chinese Academy of Science , Xining , P. R. China
| | - Yourui Suo
- c Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology , Chinese Academy of Science , Xining , P. R. China
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Bielawska K, Dziakowska I, Roszkowska-Jakimiec W. Chromatographic determination of fatty acids in biological material. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:526-37. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.515081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xia L, Song C, Sun Z, Li G, Suo Y, You J. Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Tibet Folk Medicine Potentilla anserina L. Using a New Labeling Reagent by LC with Fluorescence Detection and Identification with Online Atmospheric Chemical Ionization-MS Identification. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Asensio-Ramos M, Hernández-Borges J, Rocco A, Fanali S. Food analysis: A continuous challenge for miniaturized separation techniques. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3764-800. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Zhao X, Wang H, You J, Suo Y. Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Bryophyte Plants and Soil by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection and Identification by Online MS. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Suo Y, Zhao X, You J, Wang H, Li Y, Ding, C, Liu Y. Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Soil and Bryophyte Plants by Precolumn Derivatization via HPLC with Fluorescence Detection and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701360673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yourui Suo
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Xianen Zhao
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Honglun Wang
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Ding,
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- a Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining, P. R. China
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You J, Zhao X, Suo Y, Li Y, Wang H, Chen G. Determination of long-chain fatty acids in bryophyte plants extracts by HPLC with fluorescence detection and identification with MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 848:283-91. [PMID: 17097358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the determination of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) (>C20) using 1-[2-(p-toluenesulfonate)-ethyl]-2-phenylimidazole-[4,5-f]-9,10-phenanthrene (TSPP) as tagging reagent with fluorescence detection and identification with post-column APCI/MS has been developed. The LCFAs in bryophyte plant samples were obtained based on distillation extraction with 1:1 (v/v) chloroform/methanol as extracting solvent. TSPP could easily and quickly label LCFAs at 90 degrees C in the presence of K2CO3 catalyst in DMF. Eleven free LCFAs from the extracts of bryophyte plants were sensitively determined. Maximal labeling yields close to 100% were observed with a five-fold excess of molar reagent. Separation of the derivatized fatty acids exhibited a good baseline resolution in combination with a gradient elution on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C8 column. Calculated detection limits from 1.0 pmol injection, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 26.19-76.67 fmol. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of >0.9996. Good compositional data were obtained from the analysis of the extracted LCFAs containing as little as 0.2g of bryophyte plant samples. Therefore, the facile TSPP derivatization coupled with HPLC/APCI/MS analysis allowed the development of a highly sensitive method for the quantitation of trace levels of LCFAs from biological and natural environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmao You
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, PR China.
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You J, Zhu F, Zhao W, Zhao X, Suo Y, Liu S. Analysis of saturated free fatty acids from pollen by HPLC with fluorescence detection. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmao You
- College of Chemistry Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- College of Chemistry Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- College of Chemistry Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
| | - Xian'en Zhao
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Yourui Suo
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- College of Chemistry Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P.R. China
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11
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Peris Vicente J, Gimeno Adelantado JV, Doménech Carbó MT, Mateo Castro R, Bosch Reig F. Identification of lipid binders in old oil paintings by separation of 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin derivatives of fatty acids by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1076:44-50. [PMID: 15974068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A HPLC-fluorescence method for identification of drying oils from binding media or protective film used in pictorial works of art prior to conservation or restoration is proposed. Fluorescence derivatization of fatty acids released by hydrolysis of structural drying oils is studied. The derivatization reagent was 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin with 18-crown-6 as catalyst. Mobile phase was programmed from methanol-water (90:10 v/v) to methanol-water (100:0 v/v) in 25 min. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 325 and 395 nm, respectively. Under these chromatographic conditions, coumarin derivatives of myristic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids were satisfactorily resolved. The method shows good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 6.0 x 10(-8) mmol, and good linearity between 1.0 x 10(-7) and 1.8 x 10(-4) mmol of each analyte. Peak area ratios among fatty acids derivatives, especially the stearic acid/palmitic acid peak area ratio, are useful to identify the drying oils. The proposed method has been successfully applied to artistic samples from items of the cultural heritage of Valencia (Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peris Vicente
- Department ofAnalytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, c/Dr Moliner 50, Burjasot, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Development of fatty acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and related techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Toyo’oka T. Fluorescent tagging of physiologically important carboxylic acids, including fatty acids, for their detection in liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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You J, Zhang W, Jia X, Zhang Y. An improved derivatization method for sensitive determination of fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography using 9-(2-hydroxylethyl)-carbazole as derivatization reagent with fluorescence detection. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Rivasseau C, Blanc P. Determination of C4-C14 carboxylic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis. Application to the identification of diamide degradation products and partitioning studies. J Chromatogr A 2001; 920:345-58. [PMID: 11453020 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was investigated for the determination of linear saturated carboxylic acid homologues ranging from C4 to C14. Separation conditions were optimised to overcome the problems of decreasing solubility and decreasing selectivity between successive homologues with increasing chain length. Separations were performed at 20 degrees C, using a 20 kV separation voltage and a pH 8 electrolyte containing 30% methanol. A suitable chromophore (4-aminobenzoate) was added to ensure indirect UV detection of the analytes. Calibration curves and repeatability were established. Minimum detectable concentrations of 3 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) were achieved. Resolution between successive homologues was better than 2. The electrophoretic mobility of each homologue (n=7-14) was assessed and a quasi-linear relationship between the mobility value and 1/n was observed. The quantitative analysis of a diamide degradation solution was performed and compared to potentiometric results. The CZE method was also applied to the determination of C7-C14 partitioning between an organic medium containing tributylphosphate in n-dodecane and different basic solutions. Their behaviour was established according to the chain length and the pH of the aqueous phase. For C10-C14 compounds, results were validated by comparison with gas chromatographic analysis of the organic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rivasseau
- Laboratory of Analytical Applied Chemistry, CEA Marcoule, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
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18
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Simple derivatization method for sensitive determination of fatty acids with fluorescence detection by high-performance liquid chromatography using 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbazole as derivatization reagent. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Robinson JK, Scott WG, Rowlen KL, Birks JW. Derivatization of thymine and thymine photodimers with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin for fluorescence detection in high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 731:179-86. [PMID: 10510770 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of DNA to utraviolet radiation results in the formation of a number of photoproducts, including thymine photodimers. A sensitive and selective analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescent labeling with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin has been developed to quantify both thymine and thymine photodimers. The identity of the thymine and thymine dimer derivatives were determined by HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The derivatization reaction yield was maximized by optimizing several reaction variables. The limit of detection for HPLC method was 1.0 pmol thymine and 0.4 pmol thymine dimer for S/N = 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA
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Siméon N, Chatelut E, Canal P, Nertz M, Couderc F. Anthracycline analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Application to the analysis of daunorubicine in Kaposi sarcoma tumor. J Chromatogr A 1999; 853:449-54. [PMID: 10486752 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is now a well-known sensitive and selective detection mode for capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. It has been shown to be 100- to 100,000-times more sensitive than UV detection and little work has been done using LIF in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The need for greater resolution and higher sensitivity for the analysis of anthracyclines (fluorescent chemotherapic drugs), prompted us to compare CE-LIF and HPLC-LIF, for the detection of these substances. CE-LIF sensitivity based on quantity of anthracycline injected is 50-times greater than that obtained with HPLC-LIF, because of the injected sample volume. Analysis of daunorubicin in Kaposy sarcoma tumors and in plasma are presented. The decrease of the concentration of daunorubicin in the tumor and in the plasma following time show the same behavior, indicating identical concentrations of the anthracycline in both samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Siméon
- Picometrics, Parc Technologique du Canal, Ramonville-Toulouse, France
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Chen SH, Chen KC, Lien HM. Determination of fatty acids in vegetable oil by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1999; 849:357-69. [PMID: 10457434 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature and organic solvent composition (acetonitrile and methanol) on the reversed-phase separation of coumarin-derivatized fatty acids according to their carbon number (C14 to C22), the degree of unsaturation, as well as cis/trans (C18:1 c/t, C18:2 cc/tt, C18:3 ccc/ttt) configuration was investigated to find out the effective separation condition. Based on the linear plots of the logarithm of the capacity factor of saturated fatty acids versus their carbon number, the equivalent chain length (ECL) of unsaturated fatty acids was calculated. The ECL values were found to be significantly altered and the differentiation between cis and trans fatty acids was increased when either the temperature or organic solvent composition was decreased. These results generally led to a better resolution at the expense of separation time. A ternary gradient composed of water, acetonitrile, and methanol was then developed to elute the solutes at 55 degrees C within a separation time of 40 min with a minimum resolution of 1.0 for the worst pair. This method was demonstrated to resolve the fatty acids in a vegetable shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Zhu P, Dolan J, Snyder L, Djordjevic N, Hill D, Lin JT, Sander L, Van Heukelem L. Combined use of temperature and solvent strength in reversed-phase gradient elution IV. Selectivity for neutral (non-ionized) samples as a function of sample type and other separation conditions. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gutnikov G. Fatty acid profiles of lipid samples. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 671:71-89. [PMID: 8520704 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Most lipids are best characterized by their fatty acids which differ in chain length, the degree of unsaturation, configuration and position of the double bonds, and the presence of other functionalities. The fatty acid profiles are currently most frequently determined by capillary gas chromatography of the methyl esters which are prepared by a variety of methods. These are discussed with an emphasis on more recent developments, along with the stationary phases used for the separations and the methods employed for identification of the fatty acids. HPLC is applied less frequently for ascertaining fatty acid profiles than GC, but a very large number of derivatives for ultraviolet and fluorescence detection have been proposed. This method continues to evoke increasing interest, particularly in conjunction with fluorescence detection. This technique enables attainment of greater sensitivities than with standard GC methods employing flame ionization detection. Extensive applications of it to the analysis of free fatty acids in blood and other biomedical samples are clearly discernible. Other methods, including supercritical fluid chromatography, have found only limited application for fatty acid profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gutnikov
- Department of Chemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 91768, USA
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Toyo'oka T. Use of derivatization to improve the chromatographic properties and detection selectivity of physiologically important carboxylic acids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 671:91-112. [PMID: 8520705 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00559-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review, tagging techniques with reagents used for ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescent (FL), chemiluminescent (CL) and electrochemical detection (ED) for higher carboxylic acids in HPLC are evaluated in terms of the tagging reactions, handling, flexibility, stability of the reagents and the corresponding derivatives, sensitivity and selectivity. Emphasis is given to the applications of these tagging techniques to biologically important carboxylic acids of relatively high molecular mass including free fatty acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes etc. Some typical examples are described. Although RIA and GC-MS are powerful techniques for the highly sensitive determination of carboxylic acids, tagging for these techniques is not included in this review because recent progress in tagging methods has been mainly concerned with HPLC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toyo'oka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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26
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Roldan-Assad R, Gareil P. Capillary zone electrophoretic determination of C2C18 linear saturated free fatty acids with indirect absorbance detection. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Mukherjee PS, DeSilva KH, Karnes HT. 5-Bromomethyl fluorescein (5-BMF) for derivatization of carboxyl containing analytes for use with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Pharm Res 1995; 12:930-6. [PMID: 7667203 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016285709682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 5-Bromomethyl fluorescein (5-BMF) was evaluated in this work as a pre-column, off-line derivatizing reagent for analytes containing a free carboxyl group. The reagent possessed high molar absorptivity and quantum yield and it's excitation maximum matched the intense 488.0 nm emission line of an argon ion laser. The thermal and photo-stability of the reagent were also suitable for our work. METHODS A mixture of 5-BMF, palmitic acid, 18-crown-6 and potassium carbonate was reacted at 76 degrees C for one hour. The reaction yield was maximized by a sequential single-factor optimization of the reaction variables. Spectral characterizations were accomplished using conventional instrumentation and detection limits were evaluated using a laboratory constructed laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector which was optimized for concentration detection. RESULTS Two apparent conjugates of palmitic acid were formed under the reaction conditions employed. The conjugate chosen for quantitative purposes was stable at room temperature over 24 hours and possessed high molar absorptivity (128,832 M-1cm-1) and quantum yield (0.82) under basic conditions. The excitation and emission maxima of the conjugate were 500 nm and 523 nm respectively which maintains suitability for argon-ion laser excitation. An argon-ion LIF detector suitable for use with conventional liquid chromatography was constructed. A detection limit of 7.56 x 10(-10)M of palmitic acid was achieved at a signal to noise ratio of three, using the strong 488.0 nm laser emission line and a commercially available flow cell component. This corresponds to 38 femtomoles of palmitic acid on-column. CONCLUSION The concentration detection limit was superior to literature reports for detection of fatty acids. The mass detection limit provided approximately an order of magnitude improvement over conventional fluorescence. The reagent is potentially useful for analysis of carboxyl containing analytes at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0533, USA
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Yasaka Y, Tanaka M. Labeling of free carboxyl groups. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 659:139-55. [PMID: 7820274 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(94)80126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The latest trends in the labeling of free carboxyl groups for high-performance liquid chromatography are reviewed. The labeling reagents for fluorescence detection are mainly discussed according to their reaction type (or functional group). Attention is also paid to the reagents used for ultraviolet detection and for enantiomeric separation. The reactivity and sensitivity of the reagents used for the labeling of carboxylic acids are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
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29
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Takagi T, Ando Y. Separation of monoacylglycerols by high-performance liquid chromatography on nitrile-bonded phase. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02540532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takagi
- ; c/o Toru Ota, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fisheries; Hokkaido University; Minato-cho Hakodate 041 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ando
- ; c/o Toru Ota, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fisheries; Hokkaido University; Minato-cho Hakodate 041 Japan
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Sandmann BW, Grayeski ML. Quinoxalinone derivatization of biological carboxylic acids for detection by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence with high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 653:123-30. [PMID: 8205239 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)e0418-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A quinoxalinone fluorescent tag is evaluated as a carboxylic acid derivatizing reagent for detection by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. The synthetic procedure for the quinoxalinone was modified to give a yield that is significantly increased over that reported previously. The new conditions use less hazardous reagents, and produce a final product greater than 97% pure, without the need for intermediate clean-up steps. The derivatization reaction is also modified to give increased yields of greater than 85% compared to 74% obtained previously. The post-column chemiluminescence reaction conditions are optimized to give detection limits of 500 attomole/injection-10 times lower than the fluorescence previously obtained. The reagent is used for the first time on a plasma sample extract. Typical method precision is 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Sandmann
- Department of Chemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079
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