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Wilson ID, Poole CF. Planar chromatography - Current practice and future prospects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123553. [PMID: 36495686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Planar chromatography, in the form of thin-layer or high-performance thin-layer chromatography (TLC, HPTLC), continues to provide a robust and widely used separation technique. It is unrivaled as a simple and rapid qualitative method for mixture analysis, or for finding bioactive components in mixtures. The format of TLC/HPTLC also provides a unique method for preserving the separation, enabling further investigation of components of interest (including quantification/structure determination) separated in both time and space from the original analysis. The current practice of planar chromatography and areas of development of the technology are reviewed and promising future directions in the use of TLC/HPTLC are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Wilson
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Colin F Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Mernie EG, Tolesa LD, Lee MJ, Tseng MC, Chen YJ. Direct Oligosaccharide Profiling Using Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Ionic Liquid-Stabilized Nanomatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11544-11552. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Gizaw Mernie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Leta Deressa Tolesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Bortolini C, Kartanas T, Copic D, Condado Morales I, Zhang Y, Challa PK, Peter Q, Jávorfi T, Hussain R, Dong M, Siligardi G, Knowles TPJ, Charmet J. Resolving protein mixtures using microfluidic diffusional sizing combined with synchrotron radiation circular dichroism. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 19:50-58. [PMID: 30515508 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00757h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to characterise proteins and other biomolecules. For heterogeneous samples such as those present for interacting proteins, typically only average spectroscopic features can be resolved. Here we overcome this limitation by using free-flow microfluidic size separation in-line with synchrotron radiation circular dichroism to resolve the secondary structure of each component of a model protein mixture containing monomers and fibrils. To enable this objective, we have integrated far-UV compatible measurement chambers into PDMS-based microfluidic devices. Two architectures are proposed so as to accommodate for a wide range of concentrations. The approach, which can be used in combination with other bulk measurement techniques, paves the way to the study of complex mixtures such as the ones associated with protein misfolding and aggregation diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bortolini
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
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Kucherenko E, Kanateva A, Pirogov A, Kurganov A. Recent advances in the preparation of adsorbent layers for thin-layer chromatography combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass-spectrometric detection. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:415-430. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasiia Kanateva
- Russian Academy of Sciences; A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Moscow Russia
| | - Andrey Pirogov
- Faculty of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Kurganov
- Russian Academy of Sciences; A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Moscow Russia
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Djelal H, Cornée C, Tartivel R, Lavastre O, Abdeltif A. The use of HPTLC and Direct Analysis in Real Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-TOF-MS) for rapid analysis of degradation by oxidation and sonication of an azo dye. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow combined with laser ablation for direct analysis of compounds separated by thin-layer chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:815-23. [PMID: 26563110 PMCID: PMC4709388 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry (TLC-MS) setup for characterization of low molecular weight compounds separated on standard TLC plates has been constructed. This new approach successfully combines TLC separation, laser ablation, and ionization using flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) source. For the laser ablation, a low-priced 445-nm continuous-wave diode laser pointer, with a power of 1 W, was used. The combination of the simple, low-budget laser pointer and the FAPA ion source has made this experimental arrangement broadly available, also for small laboratories. The approach was successfully applied for the characterization of low molecular weight compounds separated on TLC plates, such as a mixture of pyrazole derivatives, alkaloids (nicotine and sparteine), and an extract from a drug tablet consisting of paracetamol, propyphenazone, and caffeine. The laser pointer used was capable of ablating organic compounds without the need of application of any additional substances (matrices, staining, etc.) on the TLC spots. The detection limit of the proposed method was estimated to be 35 ng/cm2 of a pyrazole derivative. Schematic illustration of new TLC-FAPA setup with diode laser ablation ![]()
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Bernard-Savary P, Poole CF. Instrument platforms for thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1421:184-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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New approach for sensitive photothermal detection of C60 and C70 fullerenes on micro-thin-layer chromatographic plates. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 863:70-7. [PMID: 25732314 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the pulse thermovision (photothermal) detection and quantification methods of C60 and C70 fullerenes are presented. Quantification results are compared with optical and fluorescence measurements. Target components were separated under isothermal conditions (30 °C) on micro-TLC plates (RP18WF254S) using n-hexane as the mobile phase. The principle of described analytical protocol is based on sensitive measurement of the temperature contrast generated within TLC stationary phase and fullerenes spots after white light pulse excitation. It has been demonstrated that observed temperature contrast is mainly driven by the optical properties of fullerenes (UV-vis absorption spectra). Contrary to the commonly applied optical reflection or transmission techniques the proposed thermovision method involves dissipated light. The results of presented experimental work have revealed that both types of quantitative measurements provide similar outcome despite the key differences in the signal origin. However, it has been found that thermovision method was characterized by smaller value of LOD, particularly for C60 molecule. We demonstrated that application of correlation technique to post-acquisition analysis of the sequence of temperature contrast images significantly increase detection limits of fullerenes, even in comparison to fluorescence quenching detection mode. Moreover, the thermal contrast images and particularly, computed correlation image, allow detection of stationary phase layer nonuniformities, including changes in the adsorbent thickness and thermal conductivity. Therefore, invented pulsed thermovision methodology can be additionally used for fast quality screening of home made and commercially available TLC plates.
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Abstract
AbstractBenzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work.
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Tuzimski T. Application of different modes of thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry for the separation and detection of large and small biomolecules. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8799-812. [PMID: 22055526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules are widespread throughout the world. A biomolecule is any organic molecule produced by a living organism, including large polymeric molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids. Many sample preparation techniques are used in biomolecule analysis; the method selected depends on the complexity of the sample, the nature of the matrix and the analytes, and the analytical technique available. This review covers the current state of knowledge on thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry for qualitative analysis of biomolecules. In the first part of the paper the reader will gain useful information to avoid some problems about performing various modes of thin-layer chromatography combined with mass spectrometry experiments and in the second part he will find useful information for application of these techniques for separation, detection, and qualitative investigation of structures and quantitative determination of biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, amino acids, DNA, RNA, and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Liu Y, Yu Y, Lam JWY, Hong Y, Faisal M, Yuan WZ, Tang BZ. Simple biosensor with high selectivity and sensitivity: thiol-specific biomolecular probing and intracellular imaging by AIE fluorogen on a TLC plate through a thiol-ene click mechanism. Chemistry 2010; 16:8433-8. [PMID: 20544746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A handy, specific, sensitive bioprobe has been developed. Tetraphenylethene (TPE) was functionalized by a maleimide (MI) group, giving a TPE-MI adduct that was nonemissive in both solution and the solid state. It was readily transformed into a fluorogen showing an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property by the click addition of thiol to its MI pendant. The click reaction and the AIE effect enabled TPE-MI to function as a thiol-specific bioprobe in the solid state. Thus, the spot of TPE-MI on a TLC plate became emissive when it had been exposed to L-cysteine, an amino acid containing a thiol group, but remained nonemissive when exposed to other amino acids that lack free thiol units. The thiol-activated emission was rapid and strong, readily detected by the naked eye at an analyte concentration as low as approximately 1 ppb, thanks to the "lighting up" nature of the bioprobing process. Similarly, the emission of TPE-MI was turned on only by the proteins containing free thiol units, such as glutathione. Clear fluorescence images were taken when living cells were stained by using TPE-MI as a visualization agent, affording a facile fluorescent maker for mapping the distribution of thiol species in cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Mattle C, Heigl N, Abel G, Bonn G, Huck C. Near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy and multivariate calibration hyphenated with thin-layer chromatography for quality control of a phytomedicine and simultaneous quantification of methoxylated flavones. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.5.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zeb A, Murkovic M. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of carotenoids in plant and animal samples. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sumina EG, Shtykov SN, Berezkin VG, Zagniboroda DA, Atayan VZ. A new method of thin-layer chromatography with controlled vapor phase. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809120053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fang AS, Miao X, Tidswell PW, Towle MH, Goetzinger WK, Kyranos JN. Mass spectrometry analysis of new chemical entities for pharmaceutical discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:20-34. [PMID: 18033735 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Section, we review the applications of mass spectrometry for the analysis and purification of new chemical entities (NCEs) for pharmaceutical discovery. Since the speed of synthesis of NCEs has dramatically increased over the last few years, new high throughput analytical techniques have been developed to keep pace with the synthetic developments. In this Section, we review both novel, as well as modifications of commonly used mass spectrometry techniques that have helped increase the speed of the analytical process. Part of the review is devoted to the purification of NCEs, which has undergone significant development in recent years, and the close integral association between characterization and purification to drive high throughput operations. At the end of the Section, we review potential future directions based on promising and exciting new developments.
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Szikra D, Nagy IP. Attenuated Total Reflectance as an Alternative of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Detection in the Identification of Compounds Separated by Thin Layer Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701738712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dezső Szikra
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István P. Nagy
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
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Cserháti T, Forgács E, Morais MH, Ramos AC. TLC-FTIR OF COLOR PIGMENTS OF CHESTNUT SAWDUST. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Cserháti
- a Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P. O. Box 17, Budapest , 1525 , Hungary
| | - E. Forgács
- a Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P. O. Box 17, Budapest , 1525 , Hungary
| | - M. H. Morais
- b Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agraria , Oeiras , Portugal
| | - A. C. Ramos
- b Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agraria , Oeiras , Portugal
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Cimpoiu C. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis by Hyphenated (HP)TLC‐FTIR Technique. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200053025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cimpoiu
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , “Babes‐Bolyai” University , Cluj‐Napoca, Romania
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Forgacs E, Cserhati T. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF NATURAL PIGMENTS: NEW ADVANCES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120005702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Forgacs
- a Chemical Research Center , Institute of Chemistry , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 17, Budapest , 1525 , Hungary
| | - T. Cserhati
- b Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 17 , Institute of Chemistry , Budapest , 1525 , Hungary
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Salo PK, Salomies H, Harju K, Ketola RA, Kotiaho T, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Kostiainen R. Analysis of small molecules by ultra thin-layer chromatography-atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2005; 16:906-15. [PMID: 15907705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of ultra thin-layer chromatography atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (UTLC-AP-MALDI-MS) has been studied in the analysis of small molecules. Because of a thinner adsorbent layer, the monolithic UTLC plates provide 10-100 times better sensitivity in MALDI analysis than conventional high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates. The limits of detection down to a low picomole range are demonstrated by UTLC-AP-MALDI-MS. Other advantages of UTLC over HPTLC include faster separations and lower solvent consumption. The performances of AP-MALDI-MS and vacuum MALDI-MS have been compared in the analysis of small drug molecules directly from the UTLC plates. The desorption from the irregular surface of UTLC plates with an external AP-MALDI ion source combined with an ion trap instrument provides clearly less variation in measurements of m/z values when compared with a vacuum MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) instrument. The performance of the UTLC-AP-MALDI-MS method has been applied successfully to the purity analysis of synthesis products produced by solid-phase parallel synthesis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia K Salo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Chen PC, Joyner CC, Patrick ST, Royster RM, Ingham LL. Gas chromatography-multiplex coherent Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2003; 75:3066-72. [PMID: 12964752 DOI: 10.1021/ac0207123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new detector for gas chromatography has been developed that is based upon nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. The resulting hyphenated instrument uses a simple windowless cell as the interface between the chromatograph and the spectroscopic detector. The eluents are detected using a unique spectrometer equipped with a broadband OPO. This spectrometer is capable of generating high-resolution coherent Raman signals that are suitable for rapid multichannel detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Spelman College, 350 Spelman Lane Box 307, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to identify core technologies with the potential to influence the development of thin-layer chromatography over the next decade or so. Core technologies are identified as: (i) methods to provide a constant and optimum mobile phase velocity (forced flow and electroosmotically-driven flow), (ii) video densitometry for recording multidimensional chromatograms, (iii) in situ scanning mass spectrometry, and (iv) bioactivity monitoring for selective detection. In combination with two-dimensional, multiple development and coupled column-layer separation techniques these core technologies could dramatically increase the use of thin-layer chromatography for the characterization of complex mixtures. It is also demonstrated that thin-layer chromatography has strong potential as a surrogate chromatographic model for estimating biopartitioning properties. To convert these opportunities into practice the current state-of-the-art of the core technologies is described and the principle obstacles to progress identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Salo PK, Pertovaara AM, Salo VMA, Salomies HEM, Kostiainen RK. High-performance thin-layer chromatography method for assessment of the quality of combinatorial libraries, and comparison with liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:223-32. [PMID: 12739937 DOI: 10.1021/cc020046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for fast evaluation of the purity of solid-phase synthesis products. The results obtained were in good agreement with results obtained by the LC-MS method (r(2) = 0.8404) or by the LC-UV method (r(2) = 0.8053), confirming the suitability of HPTLC for purity analysis of combinatorial syntheses. The synthesis products can be quantified and identified by measuring UV densitograms or in situ UV spectra or by ESI-MS after isolation of the zone of interest. A new, simple, and fast method for transferring the zone of the analyte from the plate to the ESI-MS equipment is described. The new HPTLC method enables rapid and efficient analysis of approximately 40 samples in parallel. As such, it offers a cheaper and easier way to analyze the purity of synthesis products than the commonly used LC-UV-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia K Salo
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Cimpoiu C, Miclaus V, Damian G, Hodisan S. SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME NITROXIDIC DERIVATIVES OF NICOTINIC ACID AND ISO -NICOTINIC ACID BY HPTLC COUPLED WITH ELECTRONIC PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE (EPR). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120005701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cimpoiu
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , “Babes-Bolyai” University , 11 Arany Janos, Cluj-Napoca , 3400 , Romania
| | - Vasile Miclaus
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , “Babes-Bolyai” University , 11 Arany Janos, Cluj-Napoca , 3400 , Romania
| | - Grigore Damian
- b Faculty of Physics , “Babes-Bolyai” University , 1 M. Kogalniceanu, Cluj-Napoca , 3400 , Romania
| | - Sorin Hodisan
- c Faculty of Science , University of Oradea , 5 Armata Romana, Oradea , 3700 , Romania
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Urbánek M, Blechtová L, Pospísilová M, Polásek M. On-line coupling of capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of flavonoids in methanolic extracts of Hypericum perforatum leaves or flowers. J Chromatogr A 2002; 958:261-71. [PMID: 12134824 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin and rutin) were separated and determined in extracts of Hypericum perforatum leaves or flowers by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with isotachophoretic (ITP) sample pre-treatment using on-line column coupling configuration. The background electrolyte (BGE) used in the CZE step was different from the leading and terminating ITP electrolytes but all the electrolytes contained 20% (v/v) of methanol. The optimal leading electrolyte was 10 mM HCl of pH* approximately 7.2 (adjusted with Tris) and the terminating electrolyte was 50 mM H3BO3 of pH* approximately 8.2 (adjusted with barium hydroxide). This operational system allowed to concentrate and pre-separate selectively the flavonoid fraction from other plant constituents before the introduction of the flavonoids into the CZE capillary. The BGE for the CZE step was 50 mM Tris buffer of pH* approximately 8.75 containing 25 mM N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid as co-ion and 55 mM H3BO3 as complex-forming agent. The ITP-CZE method with spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm was suitable for the quantitation of the flavonoids in real natural samples; kaempferol was used as internal standard. The limit of detection for quercetin-3-O-glycosides was 100 ng ml(-1) and calibration curves were rectilinear in the range 1-10 microg ml (-1) for most of the analytes. The RSD values ranged between 0.9 and 2.7% (n=3) when determining approximately 0.07-1.2% of the individual flavonoids in dried medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Urbánek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Kowalik G, Kowalska T. Study of the hydrolytic cleavage of alkyl ligands from the surface of chemically bonded stationary phases by means of selected analytical techniques. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2001. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.14.2001.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hogenboom AC, Niessen WMA, Brinkman UAT. The role of column liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in environmental trace-level analysis. Determination and identification of pesticides in water. J Sep Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20010501)24:5<331::aid-jssc331>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis interfaced with electrospray is a convenient technique for continuously transferring column effluent from capillary-to-planar format. Conditions are optimized to produce a narrow (approximately 20 microm) liquid filament (electrofilament), which is capable of depositing spatially focused bands with track widths that are routinely 100 microm. A fiber optic-based, laser-induced fluorescence cell is employed to monitor the separation on-column while the separated bands are deposited onto a moving substrate. The photodetection of deposited bands is accomplished by using either a charge-coupled device camera or a photomultiplier tube. Deterioration of on-column separation performance is observed when the electrofilament voltage is applied. Elevating the inlet of the capillary column, to provide hydrodynamic flow, restores separation performance. Substrate temperature and translational rates are optimized with respect to both off-column separation efficiency and signal intensity. Off-column separation efficiencies of 65 000 plates per meter were achieved. A linear dynamic range of 10(3) and a limit of detection of 10(-8) M were obtained for kiton red deposited onto a reversed phase thin-layer chromatography plate. To demonstrate the applicability of this technique to more complex separation solutions, a dye mixture was successfully separated and deposited with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the running buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L DeVault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1600, USA
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2.5. Planar chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-3456(00)80012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
An overview of the state-of-the-art of modern thin-layer chromatography (planar chromatography) is presented with emphasis on the complementary features of thin-layer and column liquid chromatographic separations. The reasons for selecting thin-layer chromatography for a particular analysis are identified by its attributes: a disposable stationary phase; simultaneous parallel separations; static detection free of time constraints; storage device for chromatographic information; all sample components are observed in the chromatogram. Future prospects for improved separation performance in TLC using zone refocusing, forced flow and electroosmotic flow methods are discussed as well as increasing zone capacity by using two-dimensional development and coupling to column chromatographic methods. Advances in coupling thin-layer chromatography with spectroscopic methods for structural elucidation are also considered. Finally, some predictions are made for how thin-layer chromatography will be practiced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Wilson ID. The state of the art in thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry: a critical appraisal. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:429-42. [PMID: 10526798 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry (TLC-MS) is a readily implemented technique that, in its simplest form, puts few demands on either chromatography or spectrometry. Nevertheless, compared to the situation with high performance liquid chromatography, it is much less highly developed. Currently, the bulk of the practical applications of TLC-MS are directed towards the use of fast atom, or ion bombardment. Recent developments, however, include the use of matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI), surface assisted laser desorption (SALDI) and the development of a TLC-electrospray interface. Here, the state of the art of TLC-MS is described and future trends identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Wilson
- Department of Safety of Medicines, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
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Tames F, Watson ID, Morden W, Wilson ID. Detection and identification of morphine in urine extracts using thin-layer chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 729:341-6. [PMID: 10410960 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis and identification of morphine following thin-layer chromatography is described. FAB-mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry were performed following chromatography on silica gel high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates. The successful application of this simple methodology to a urine extract suggests that this approach has practical utility for confirming the identity of abused drugs detected by thin-layer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tames
- Dept. Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Aintree, Liverpool, UK
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34
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Petrovic SC, King DF, Dewald HD. Electrochemical Detection in Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): A Review and Application of Direct On-Plate Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for TLC. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199805)10:6<393::aid-elan393>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Somsen G, Gooijer C, Brinkman U. Analyte-deposition-based detection in column liquid chromatography: concept and examples. Trends Analyt Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(98)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Clement
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, Etobicoke, Canada
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38
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Abstract
Thin-layer (or planar) chromatography (TLC) is critically reviewed from the point of view of drug analysis in biological fluids. The capabilities of the various techniques of TLC are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. An example of the use of high-performance TLC with scanning densitometry for the quantitative determination of antipyrine in human plasma is provided. The use of TLC-mass spectrometry and TLC-tandem mass spectrometry, directly from the sorbent, in the identification of the compounds separated by TLC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Wilson
- Department of Safety of Medicines, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Cheshire, England
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042
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40
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McKelvy ML, Britt TR, Davis BL, Gillie JK, Lentz LA, Leugers A, Nyquist RA, Putzig CL. Infrared Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/a1960003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L. McKelvy
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - Thomas R. Britt
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - Bradley L. Davis
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - J. Kevin Gillie
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - L. Alice Lentz
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - Anne Leugers
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - Richard A. Nyquist
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - Curtis L. Putzig
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Division, Midland, Michigan 48667
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