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Hallgren S, Olsén KH. Effects on guppy brain aromatase activity following short-term steroid and 4-nonylphenol exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:261-271. [PMID: 19489062 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain estrogen production, performed by the enzyme aromatase, can be disrupted/affected in teleost fish exposed to endocrine disruptors found in polluted aquatic environments. The guppy (Poecilia reticulata) was previously studied and confirmed to suffer negative effects on reproductive behaviors following inhibition of the brain aromatase reaction. Here adult guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of both genders were subjected to known endocrine disruptors: the androgen androstenedione (A), the synthetic estrogen 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE(2)), and the estrogenic surfactant 4-nonylphenol (NP), at high (50 microg/L) and at environmentally relevant concentrations (10 ng/L EE(2), 5 microg/L NP, and 0.7 microg/L A) for 2 weeks followed by measurements of brain aromatase activity (bAA). In the adult males, bAA was stimulated by A and EE(2) at 50 microg/L. Female activity was also stimulated by the higher estrogenic treatment. At environmentally relevant concentrations only the EE(2) treatment affected bAA, and only in males. The alkylphenolic substance NP produced no effect in either of the experiments, not on males nor females. The results indicate that short-term steroid treatments have stimulatory effects on guppy brain aromatase even at concentrations that can be found in the environment. We thus suggest bAA of adult guppies to be a suitable bioindicator of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hallgren
- School of Life Sciences, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels Allé 3, Huddinge, Sweden.
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2
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Hallgren SLE, Linderoth M, Olsén KH. Inhibition of cytochrome p450 brain aromatase reduces two male specific sexual behaviours in the male Endler guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 147:323-8. [PMID: 16563393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian and avian vertebrate groups, androgens act as controlling agents on male aggression and courtship behaviour by their conversion to oestrogens by cytochrome P450 aromatase in well-defined brain regions. Despite the fact that bony fishes have exceptionally high brain aromatase activity, little is known about it's possible regulatory effects on the reproductive behaviours of teleosts. In this study, Endler guppy males (Poecilia reticulata) were subjected to 26-29 days of 24-h exposure to two different concentrations (15 and 100 microg/L) of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole in the water. Compared with the control males, two of three courtship activities in males exposed to the higher concentration were reduced when they were paired with receptive stimulus females. Reduction in brain aromatase activity was confirmed in both exposed groups with the use of the tritiated water assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L E Hallgren
- School of Life Sciences, Södertörn University College, Alfred Nobels Allé 3, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
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3
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Manzo J, Garcia LI, Hernandez ME, Carrillo P, Pacheco P. Neuroendocrine control of urine-marking behavior in male rats. Physiol Behav 2002; 75:25-32. [PMID: 11890949 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexually experienced Wistar male rats were used to investigate (a) urine voiding in the presence of nearby estrous females and the control of such voiding by (b) steroid hormones and (c) peripheral nerves supplying the genitourinary system. The first experiment showed that males always have a low rate of urine voiding that is significantly increased when a receptive female is around. Thus, it is suggested that an airborne scent from the female stimulates the olfactory system of males, triggering urine emission to transmit sex-related messages, i.e., male rats display the well-known urine-marking behavior of mammals. The number of urine marks and sniffing to females decreased after castration, and were restored after exogenous treatment with testosterone or estradiol. The proposed hypothesis is that airborne scents from the female activate the aromatization process in nuclei of the olfactory pathway of the male, evoking a cascade of neuronal responses that finish in urine marking. Peripheral nerves supplying the genitourinary system are the viscerocutaneous branch of the pelvic nerve (Vc) and the hypogastric (Hg). Data showed that both nerves are important for the central control of urine storage and voiding. Transection of Vc almost blocked urine marking, while Hg lesion increased the number of marks. Thus, it is discussed that Vc is the most important nerve in charge of voiding the bladder, and that Hg is important for continence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manzo
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Apartado Postal 566, Xalapa, Ver. 91001, Mexico.
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Veney SL, Rissman EF. Steroid implants in the medial preoptic area or ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus activate female sexual behaviour in the musk shrew. J Neuroendocrinol 2000; 12:1124-32. [PMID: 11069128 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Female musk shrews are induced ovulators that do not exhibit a spontaneous behavioural oestrous cycle. Testosterone produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands, is the major steroid hormone in circulation at times of mating, and as such, regulates sexual behaviour. In the first experiment, we identified the neural site(s) of action for testosterone. Hormone implants were placed in one of three targeted brain regions. The neural sites selected were the medial anterior division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTMA), medial preoptic area (mPOA) and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN). Ovariectomized females who received a unilateral testosterone propionate implant in either the mPOA or VMN, were significantly more likely to display sexual behaviour as compared to females who received an implant in the BNSTMA or any other hypothalamic nucleus. In experiments 2 and 3, we investigated whether the behavioural effects of testosterone propionate were mediated by an oestrogen receptor or the androgen receptor. Ovariectomized females that received oestradiol (E2) implants in either the mPOA or VMN were more likely to display receptivity, and had significantly shorter behavioural latencies, as compared to females implanted with either dihydrotestosterone or cholesterol. These data show that neural aromatization of testosterone to E2 in the mPOA or VMN is necessary for optimal activation of female musk shrew sexual behaviour. This finding implies a degree of neural redundancy in the networks that control the expression of sexual receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Veney
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904-4328, USA
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5
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Abstract
Mating was studied in sexually experienced, gonadally intact male rats assigned to two surgical groups matched on the basis of mean mounting frequency during behavioral screening trials conducted prior to the study. Estradiol (E(2)) was delivered bilaterally into the medial preoptic area (MPO) of experimental males by means of hormone-coated implants, and fadrozole was given sc (0.25 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps to block E(2) formation from testicular testosterone throughout the brain. Control males received blank bilateral implants in the MPO and sc fadrozole. After the completion of behavioral testing, immunocytochemical comparisons of the brains from experimental and control rats were made using the H222 antiestrogen receptor (ER) antibody, whose labeling is inhibited by the presence of E(2). The histology demonstrated that E(2) was confined exclusively to the MPO of experimental males but was absent throughout the brains of controls. In controls, mounting decreased significantly by the 7th day after surgery compared with presurgical levels and did not recover. In contrast, on all postsurgical days, the mounting frequency of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of controls. Although experimental males also showed an initial, significant postsurgical decline in mounting frequency, it recovered completely by the 28th postoperative day. Ejaculations declined significantly after surgery in both groups but, unlike in controls whose performance remained low, ejaculations in experimental males partially recovered and were significantly higher than in controls during the postoperative period. Results showed that ER-containing neurons in the MPO influence male rat copulatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Clancy
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Kell Hall, 24 Peachtree Center Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia, 30302-4010, USA
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Manzo J, Nicolas L, Hernandez ME, Cruz MR, Carrillo P, Pacheco P. Spinal organization and steroid sensitivity of motoneurons innervating the Pubococcygeus muscle in the male rat. J Comp Neurol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990705)409:3<358::aid-cne2>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Cross E, Roselli CE. 17beta-estradiol rapidly facilitates chemoinvestigation and mounting in castrated male rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:R1346-50. [PMID: 10233026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.5.r1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone and estradiol act synergistically to stimulate male sexual behavior. Previous studies demonstrated that testosterone's actions are mediated genomically. Attempts to show that estradiol acts in a similar fashion have been inconclusive. However, estrogens have been shown to exert short-latency effects by acting directly on neuronal membranes. The present experiment examined whether testosterone or estradiol rapidly facilitates copulatory behaviors in castrated sexually experienced rats. Within 35 min of administration, estradiol stimulated chemoinvestigation and frequency of mounting and reduced mount latency in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, acute administration of testosterone did not alter sexual activity. These data demonstrate for the first time that estradiol exerts short-latency effects on copulatory behavior, providing indirect evidence that this action is mediated through a nontranscriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cross
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
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Vagell ME, McGinnis MY. The role of gonadal steroid receptor activation in the restoration of sociosexual behavior in adult male rats. Horm Behav 1998; 33:163-79. [PMID: 9698500 DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.1998.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work tested the hypothesis that gonadal steroid receptor activation was necessary for the restoration of several sociosexual behaviors (such as copulatory behavior, partner preference, 50-kHz vocalizations, and scent marking) in testosterone-treated gonadectomized male rats. Gonadal steroid receptors were blocked by systemic administration of the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide, the antiestrogen RU 58668, or both antagonists simultaneously in a restoration paradigm. Inhibiting androgen receptors with hydroxyflutamide blocked the restoration of male copulatory behavior, partner preference (time spent with a sexually receptive female over a nonreceptive female), 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and scent marking. On the other hand, we did not find that blocking estrogen receptors with RU 58668 inhibited the restoration of copulatory behavior or partner preference in testosterone-treated gonadectomized male rats, even though the level of brain nuclear estrogen receptor occupation was significantly reduced to the level found in gonadectomized males. However, the restoration of scent marking and 50-kHz vocalizations were impaired by RU 58668. Blocking both nuclear androgen and estrogen receptors with the two antagonists simultaneously did not have a greater inhibitory effect than treatment with each antagonist alone. Therefore, the activation of nuclear estrogen receptors is necessary for the restoration of some, but not all, sociosexual behaviors, which are also androgen receptor-dependent. Besides nuclear estrogen receptors, there are additional, but unknown, targets of estradiol that play a role in mediating copulatory behavior in adult male rats. Moreover, the signals from multiple gonadal steroid signaling pathways converge in the regulation of some sociosexual behaviors in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Vagell
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10029-6574, USA
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9
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Shipley MT, Murphy AZ, Rizvi TA, Ennis M, Behbehani MM. Olfaction and brainstem circuits of reproductive behavior in the rat. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1996; 107:355-77. [PMID: 8782531 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M T Shipley
- Department of Anatomy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201-1559, USA
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10
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Lisciotto CA, Morrell JI. Circulating gonadal steroid hormones regulate estrogen receptor mRNA in the male rat forebrain. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1993; 20:79-90. [PMID: 8255184 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(93)90112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In male rats, the conversion of testosterone to estrogen via aromatization is a critical step in a number of androgen-mediated functions, especially reproductive behavior. Within the central nervous system (CNS), locally formed estrogen binds to its cognate estrogen receptor protein. Little is known about what factors regulate the expression of estrogen receptors in the male rat CNS. This study examined whether circulating male gonadal steroid hormones have a role in the regulation of estrogen receptor mRNA in brain regions critical for the expression of male reproductive behavior. Male rats were gonadectomized or sham operated, and 3 days later were sacrificed. Their brains were fixed by perfusion, frozen, and sectioned. Tissue sections were hybridized to an 35S-labeled 850 base cDNA probe, complementary primarily to the steroid binding domain of the estrogen receptor mRNA. Following post-hybridization washes, slides were dipped in photographic emulsion and exposed for 2 weeks. Estrogen receptor mRNA-containing neurons were observed in all brain regions previously shown by steroid hormone autoradiography to concentrate estrogen. Gonadectomy did not alter the number of estrogen receptor mRNA-producing neurons, but did produce a two-fold increase in the relative amount of estrogen receptor mRNA per cell in the medial preoptic nucleus, periventricular preoptic area, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This study shows that circulating gonadal steroids down-regulate steady state levels of estrogen receptor mRNA within specific brain regions, and thereby have the potential to regulate the sensitivity of particular target regions in the CNS to estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lisciotto
- Institute of Animal Behavior, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark 07102
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11
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Abstract
The intracellular conversion of testosterone to estradiol by the aromatase enzyme complex is an important step in many of the central actions of testosterone. In rats, estrogen given alone, or in combination with dihydrotestosterone, mimics most of the behavioral effects of testosterone, whereas treatment with antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors block facilitation of copulatory behavior by testosterone. We used a highly sensitive in vitro radiometric assay to analyze the distribution and regulation of brain aromatase activity. Studies using micropunch dissections revealed that the highest levels of aromatase activity are found in an interconnected group of sexually dimorphic nuclei which constitutes a neural circuit important in the control of male sexual behavior. Androgen regulated aromatase activity in many diencephalic nuclei, including the medial preoptic nucleus, but not in the medial and cortical nuclei of the amygdala. Additional genetic evidence for both androgen-dependent and -independent control of brain AA was obtained by studies of androgen-insensitive testicular-feminized rats. These observations suggest that critical differences in enzyme responsiveness are present in different brain areas. Within several nuclei, sex differences in aromatase induction correlated with differences in nuclear androgen receptor concentrations suggesting that neural responsiveness to testosterone is sexually differentiated. Estradiol and dihydrotestosterone acted synergistically to regulate aromatase activity in the preoptic area. In addition, time-course studies showed that estrogen treatment increased the duration of nuclear androgen receptor occupation in the preoptic area of male rats treated with dihydrotestosterone. These results suggest possible ways that estrogens and androgens may interact at the cellular level to regulate neural function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Roselli
- Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201
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12
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Roselli CE, Fasasi TA. Estradiol increases the duration of nuclear androgen receptor occupation in the preoptic area of the male rat treated with dihydrotestosterone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 42:161-8. [PMID: 1567782 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90024-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens interact in neural tissues to regulate behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. As an initial attempt to identify the cellular level at which these steroids interact, we characterized the time course of nuclear androgen receptor (ARn) occupation in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) after chronic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administration and determined whether it was modified by concurrent treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB). We found that ARn levels peaked (47.1 +/- 12.6 fmol/mg DNA) by 12 h after castrated rats were treated with Silastic capsules filled with crystalline DHT and remained significantly elevated for at least an additional 12 h. When EB was injected (2 micrograms/rat) at the same time the DHT capsules were inserted, peak levels of ARn in POA were reached sooner (6 h) and retained longer (48 h). Comparisons with other central and peripheral tissues suggested that this response was unique to the POA. These results suggest that estrogens may modify the response of POA neurons to androgens by altering the duration of ARn occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Roselli
- Department of Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098
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13
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Gonadal Steroid Hormone Receptors and Social Behaviors. ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73827-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Brain PF, Simon V, Hasan S, Martinez M, Castano D. The potential of antiestrogens as centrally-acting antihostility agents: recent animal data. Int J Neurosci 1988; 41:169-77. [PMID: 3182180 DOI: 10.3109/00207458808990723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that motivations for certain forms of masculine behavior including social aggression are mediated by central estrogen receptors. Two studies using antiestrogens in rodent species were performed. Intact male LH rats were given Tamoxifen or vehicle for 4 or 8 days. The three possible pairings were videotaped for 60 min. Intact male OF1 mice were given CI-680 or vehicle over 25 days. Similar pairings were carried out but some CI-680 or vehicle animals were paired with anosmic opponents. Encounters were videotaped for 10 min. In both experiments evidence was obtained that the antiestrogen markedly reduced time allocated to offense. Any variations in defense were a consequence of the level of attack to which animals were subjected. Neither compound greatly influenced the androgen-dependent sex accessory glands. Antiestrogens consequently have potential as antihostility agents in some forms of attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Brain
- Biomedical and Physiological Research Group, University College of Swansea, UK
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15
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Hasan SA, Brain PF, Castano D. Studies on effects of tamoxifen (ICI 46474) on agonistic encounters between pairs of intact mice. Horm Behav 1988; 22:178-85. [PMID: 3397050 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(88)90064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The anti-estrogen tamoxifen (Tam), which has been shown to dramatically suppress offensive behavior in male rats without markedly influencing other aspects of the social encounter, was tested for its effectiveness in mice. TO strain albino mice were given control injections or 50 or 100 micrograms of Tam for 4 or 8 days. Subsequently, mice were tested in pairs (for a particular dose and treatment duration) in which both animals received Tam, one animal received Tam and one saline, or both animals received saline control injections. Ten-minute videotaped encounters were analyzed in terms of total times allocated to nonsocial investigation, social investigation, offense, defense, sexual activity/intense social investigation, and immobility. The lower dose given for the shorter duration produced less social investigation and more nonsocial investigation when Tam-treated subjects were paired together (cf. the Tam vs saline pairing). At all the other doses and durations, Tam reduced offense. Defense also changed in those pairings, but that activity seemed related to the amount of attack received. Tamoxifen had little influence on the weights of accessory sex glands. The data confirm that Tam is a potent suppressor of "androgen-dependent" aggression in male laboratory mice and provide further support for the aromatization hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hasan
- Biomedical and Physiological Research Group, University College of Swansea, United Kingdom
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16
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17
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The Role of Metabolism in Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior. Reproduction 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4832-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Earley CJ, Leonard BE. Androgens, estrogens and their anti-hormones: effects on body weight and food consumption. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1979; 11:211-4. [PMID: 504300 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(79)90015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Clark CR, Nowell NW. The effect of the antiestrogen CI-628 on androgen-induced aggressive behavior in castrated male mice. Horm Behav 1979; 12:205-10. [PMID: 397918 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(79)90002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Luttge WG. Anti-estrogen inhibition of testosterone-stimulated aggression in mice. EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:273-4. [PMID: 570511 DOI: 10.1007/bf01920660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone-stimulated intermale aggression in castrated mice can be reversibly inhibited by anti-estrogen administration suggesting that estrogen formation and actions in the brain may be required for testosterone's behavioral actions.
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24
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Gorzalka BB, Caira L. Adrenal mediation of intermale aggression maintained by aromatized and reduced metabolites of testosterone. Aggress Behav 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2337(1979)5:2<143::aid-ab2480050205>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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DeBold JF, Clemens LG. Aromatization and the induction of male sexual behavior in male, female, and androgenized female hamsters. Horm Behav 1978; 11:401-13. [PMID: 753702 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(78)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Gladue BA, Dohanich GP, Clemens LG. Hormonally mediated lordosis in female rats: actions of flutamide and an aromatization inhibitor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1978; 9:827-32. [PMID: 746056 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(78)90363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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DeBold JF, Morris JL, Clemens LG. The inhibitory actions of progesterone: effects on male and female sexual behavior of the hamster. Horm Behav 1978; 11:28-41. [PMID: 570954 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(78)90056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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29
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Noma K, Nakao K, Sato B, Seki T. Testosterone metabolites associated with cytosol receptors and nuclei of anterior pituitary and various brain regions. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 9:257-64. [PMID: 565858 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(78)90159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Agmo A. The comparative actions of fluoxymesterone and testosterone on sexual behavior and accessory sexual glands in castrated rabbits. Horm Behav 1977; 9:112-9. [PMID: 924390 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(77)90078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Luttge WG, Jasper TW. Studies on the possible role of 2-OH-estradiol in the control of sexual behavior in female rats. Life Sci 1977; 20:419-25. [PMID: 839969 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Roy EJ, Maass CA, Wade GN. Central action and a species comparison of the estrogenic effects of an antiestrogen on eating and body weight. Physiol Behav 1977; 18:137-40. [PMID: 905369 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(77)90105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Adkins EK, Nock BL. The effects of the antiestrogen CI-628 on sexual behavior activated by androgen or estrogen in quail. Horm Behav 1976; 7:417-29. [PMID: 1017805 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(76)90013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Beyer C, Morali G, Larsson K, Söderstein P. Steroid regulation of sexual behavior. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 7:1171-6. [PMID: 1035965 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(76)90051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Luttge WG, Gray HE, Hughes JR. Regional and subcellular [3h]estradiol localization in selected brain regions and pituitary of female mice: effects of unlabeled estradiol and various anti-hormones. Brain Res 1976; 104:273-81. [PMID: 1260424 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Groups of ovariectomized mice were pretreated for 30 min with either vehicle, unlabeled estradiol benzoate or one of the following anti-hormones: cyproterone acetate, CI-628 or CN-69, 725-27. One hour after an I.V. injection of [3H]estradiol the levels of toluence extractable radioactivity retained in the crude nuclear and cytosol fractions of selected brain regions, pituitary and plasma were determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The major findings were: (1) In vehicle treated animals [3H]estradiol uptake in the pituitary greatly exceeded that in all brain regions. Within the brain uptake was greatest in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) samples. Nuclear uptake exceeded cytosol uptake only in the pituitary and POA-AH and MBH samples. (2) Estradiol benzoate pretreatment greatly reduced nuclear, and to a lesser extent cytosol [3H]estradiol uptake in pituitary, POA-AH and MBH samples. Estradiol benzoate pretreatment also reduced nuclear uptake in the dorsal middle hypothalamus (DMH). (3) The anti-androgen cyproterone acetate, previously shown to have anti-estrogenic effects in female sexual behavior tests, was found to have no effect on nuclear or cytosol [3H]estradiol uptake in brain and pituitary. (4) The anti-estrogen CI-628 was found to reduce nuclear [3H]estradiol uptake in the POA-AH and pituitary samples. It also reduced cytosol [3H]estradiol uptake in the pituitary sample. The anti-estrogen CN-69, 725-27 produced a much greater inhibition of nuclear [3H]estradiol uptake than CI-628 in the POA-AH, MBH, DMH, dorsal posterior hypothalamus and pituitary samples. This anti-estrogen also reduced cytosol [3H]estradiol uptake in the POA-AH, MBH and pituitary samples. (5) A preliminary chromatographic analysis of vehicle control samples indicated that 70-98% of the nuclear radioactivity in target regions such as POA-AH, MBH and pituitary was iso-polar with authentic estradiol, while less than 50% of the radioactivity in plasma and cortex behaved as estradiol.
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Luttge WG. Stimulaiton of estrogen induced copulatory behavior in castrate male rats with the serotonin biosynthesis inhibitor P-chlorophenylalanine. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1975; 14:373-8. [PMID: 124568 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(75)90547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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