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Cortés E, Méndez L, Mata EG, Abonia R, Quiroga J, Insuasty B. Synthesis of 3-aryl-1,2,4-benzotriazines via intramolecular cyclization of solid-supported o-hydrazidoanilines. Mol Divers 2012; 16:839-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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2
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Ko KS, Park G, Yu Y, Pohl NL. Protecting-group-based colorimetric monitoring of fluorous-phase and solid-phase synthesis of oligoglucosamines. Org Lett 2010; 10:5381-4. [PMID: 18975959 DOI: 10.1021/ol802229b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new hydroxyl protecting group, nitrophthalimidobutyric (NPB) acid, has been synthesized in one solvent-free step for colorimetric monitoring of reaction cycles upon its facile removal with hydrazine acetate in the solid-phase and fluorous-phase syntheses of antigenic oligoglucosamines associated with infectious Staphylococcus aureus. The NPB group serves as a convenient hydroxyl protecting group that is stable to the basic conditions required for the synthesis of the common trichloroacetimidate protecting groups, the strongly acidic conditions used in glycosylation reactions, as well as conditions commonly used to remove silicon-based protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seuk Ko
- Department of Chemistry and the Plant Sciences Institute, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
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3
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Hamper BC, Kesselring AS, Chott RC, Yang S. Parallel solid-phase synthesis and high-throughput 1H NMR evaluation of a 96-member 1,2,4-trisubstituted-pyrimidin-6-one-5-carboxylic acid library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:469-80. [PMID: 19296668 DOI: 10.1021/cc900010v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase organic synthesis method has been developed for the preparation of trisubstituted pyrimidin-6-one carboxylic acids 12, which allows elaboration to a 3-dimensional combinatorial library. Three substituents are introduced by initial Knoevenagel condensation of an aldehyde and malonate ester resin 7 to give resin bound 1. Cyclization of 1 with an N-substituted amidine 10, oxidation, and cleavage afforded pyrimidinone 12. The initial solid-phase reaction sequence was followed by gel-phase (19)FNMR and direct-cleavage (1)H NMR of intermediate resins to determine the optimal conditions. The scope of the method for library production was determined by investigation of a 3 x 4 pilot library of twelve compounds. Cyclocondensation of N-methylamidines and 7 followed by CAN oxidation gave mixtures of the resin bound pyrimidin-6-one 11 and the regioisomeric pyrimidin-4-one 15, which after cleavage from the resin afforded a nearly 1:1 mixture of pyrimidin-6-one and pyrimidin-4-one carboxylic acids 12 and 16, respectively. The regiochemical assignment was confirmed by ROESY1D and gHMBC NMR experiments. A library was prepared using 8 aldehydes, 3 nitriles, and 4 amines to give a full combinatorial set of 96 pyrimidinones 12. Confirmation of structural identity and purity was carried out by LCMS using coupled ELS detection and by high-throughput flow (1)H NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C Hamper
- Pfizer Inc., Global Research and Development, Medicinal Chemistry, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA.
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4
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Wallner FK, Elofsson M. NMR tube filter reactor for solid-phase synthesis and gel-phase 19F NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 8:150-2. [PMID: 16529507 DOI: 10.1021/cc050144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K Wallner
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Mogemark M, Gårdmo F, Tengel T, Kihlberg J, Elofsson M. Gel-phase19F NMR spectral quality for resins commonly used in solid-phase organic synthesis; a study of peptide solid-phase glycosylations. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1770-6. [PMID: 15188045 DOI: 10.1039/b404802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties for seven different commercial resins used in solid-phase synthesis were investigated with (19)F NMR spectroscopy. A fluorine-labeled dipeptide was synthesized on each resin, and the resolution of the (19)F resonances in CDCl(3), DMSO-d(6), benzene-d(6) and CD(3)OD were measured with a conventional NMR spectrometer, i.e. without using magic angle spinning. In general, resins containing poly(ethylene glycol) chains (ArgoGel, TentaGel and PEGA) were found to be favorable for the (19)F NMR spectral quality. Three serine containing tri-, penta-, and heptapeptides were then prepared on an ArgoGel resin functionalized with a fluorine-labeled linker. The resin bound peptides were glycosylated utilizing a thiogalactoside glycosyl donor carrying fluorine-labeled protective groups. Monitoring of the glycosylations with gel-phase (19)F NMR spectroscopy allowed each glycopeptide to be formed in similar 80% yield, using a minimal amount of glycosyl donor (3 x 2 equivalents). In addition, it was found that the glycosylation yields were independent of peptide length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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6
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Mogemark M, Elofsson M, Kihlberg J. Solid-phase synthesis of alpha-Gal epitopes: on-resin analysis of solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis with 19F NMR spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7281-8. [PMID: 12968877 DOI: 10.1021/jo034581x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A route for solid-phase synthesis of the alpha-Gal epitopes Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc and Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc is described. These trisaccharide antigens are responsible for hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation of porcine organs. Optimization of the solid-phase synthesis relied on use of fluorinated protective groups for the carbohydrate building blocks and use of a fluorinated linker. This allowed convenient on-resin analysis of the reactions with gel-phase (19)F NMR spectroscopy. Conditions were established which allowed reductive ring-opening of 4,6-O-benzylidene acetals to be performed on the solid phase with high regioselectivity to furnish the corresponding 6-O-benzyl ethers. It was found that glycosylations could be conveniently carried out by using thioglycosides as donors with N-iodosuccinimide and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as the promoter system. With use of these conditions a challenging alpha-glycosidic linkage was successfully installed with complete stereoselectivity in the final glycosylation. It was also established that fluorinated benzoates, benzyl ethers, and benzylidene acetals display almost identical chemical properties as their nonfluorinated counterparts, a finding that is essential for future use of fluorinated protective groups in solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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7
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Le Roy I, Mouysset D, Mignani S, Vuilhorgne M, Stella L. Solid phase β-lactams synthesis using the Staudinger reaction, monitored by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Dal Cin M, Davalli S, Marchioro C, Passarini M, Perini O, Provera S, Zaramella A. Analytical methods for the monitoring of solid phase organic synthesis. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2002; 57:497-510. [PMID: 12088065 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase synthesis (SPS) is a powerful technique to assemble compound libraries in high-throughput parallel and combinatorial synthesis. The widespread applications of these techniques required the development of analytical methods for both structural elucidation and reaction monitoring. This review covers some recently developed techniques for on-bead analyses together with solution-state ones. Particular emphasis is devoted to software and hardware improvements for automated high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dal Cin
- Computational, Analytical and Structural Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Center, Verona, Italy
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9
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Jamieson C, Congreve MS, Hewitt PR, Scicinski JJ, Ley SV. Development and application of a carbonyl-(13)C-enriched backbone amide linker for solid-phase reaction monitoring. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2001; 3:397-9. [PMID: 11442397 DOI: 10.1021/cc010012w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and application of a carbonyl-(13)C backbone amide linker are described. The labeled unit is conveniently mixed with commercial resins, providing a rapid means of monitoring chemistry performed with this linker on solid support using conventional (13)C NMR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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10
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11
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Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (hr-MAS) NMR is a powerful tool for characterizing organic reactions on solid support. Because magic angle spinning reduces the line-broadening due to dipolar coupling and variations in bulk magnetic susceptibility, line widths approaching those obtained in solution-phase NMR can be obtained. The magic angle spinning method is amenable for use in conjunction with a variety of NMR-pulse sequences, making it possible to perform full-structure determinations and conformational analysis on compounds attached to a polymer support. Diffusion-weighted MAS-NMR methods such as SPEEDY (Spin-Echo-Enhanced Diffusion-Filtered Spectroscopy) can be used to remove unwanted signals from the solvent, residual reactants, and the polymer support from the MAS-NMR spectrum, leaving only those signals arising from the resin-bound product. This review will present the applications of high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR for use in combinatorial chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Shapiro
- Core Technology Area /Analytics & Bio-NMR US Preclinical Research, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
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12
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Sjölin P, Kihlberg J. Use of fluorobenzoyl protective groups in synthesis of glycopeptides: beta-elimination of O-linked carbohydrates is suppressed. J Org Chem 2001; 66:2957-65. [PMID: 11325260 DOI: 10.1021/jo001584q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorobenzoyl groups have been investigated as alternatives to acetyl and benzoyl protective groups in carbohydrate and glycopeptide synthesis. D-Glucose and lactose were protected with different fluorobenzoyl groups and then converted into glycosyl bromides in high yields (>80% over two steps). Glycosylation of protected derivatives of serine with these donors gave 1,2-trans glycosides in good yields (approximately 60--70%) and excellent stereoselectivity without formation of ortho esters. The resulting glycosylated amino acid building blocks were then used in solid-phase synthesis of two model O-linked glycopeptides known to be unusually sensitive to beta-elimination on base-catalyzed deacylation. When either a 3-fluoro- or a 2,5-difluorobenzoyl group was used for protection of each of the two model glycopeptides the extent of beta-elimination decreased from 80% to 10% and from 50% to 0%, respectively, as compared to when using the ordinary benzoyl group. Fluorobenzoyl groups thus combine the advantages of the benzoyl group in formation of glycosidic bonds (i.e., high stereoselectivity and low levels of ortho ester formation) with the ease of removal characteristic of the acetyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sjölin
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE--901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Quantitative Determination of Resin Loading in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis Using (13)C MAS NMR. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2001; 3:85-89. [PMID: 11148068 DOI: 10.1021/cc000066q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of quantitative carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C NMR) for the determination of resin loadings has been investigated. Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra have been obtained for solvent-swollen resins on a conventional 7 mm CP/MAS probe using the two pulse phase modulation (TPPM) proton decoupling sequence. Loadings of resin-bound organic compounds were evaluated via addition of tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane as reference or using the carbon resonances of the polymeric resin material as an internal standard. Results for several functionalized Wang and trityl resins are consistent with those obtained using well-established analytical methods. The (13)C NMR method has interesting applications in the field of solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS), since no functional group acting as a support for the attachment of a quantifiable chromophore must be available in the material of interest.
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14
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Chapter 27. Existing and emerging strategies for the analytical characterization and profiling of compound libraries. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(01)36067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Heinze K, Winterhalter U, Jannack T. Development of an easy-to-use mass spectrometric technique to monitor solid-phase reactions on polystyrene supports. Chemistry 2000; 6:4203-10. [PMID: 11128285 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20001117)6:22<4203::aid-chem4203>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
By using mass spectrometry as an analytical tool to characterise substituted, cross-linked polystyrene resins, it is possible to directly monitor the progress of the solid-phase reactions performed on these resins without prior cleavage of the resin-bound molecules. Therefore, this is a true on-resin analytical method. The mass-to-charge ratios observed in the mass spectra are readily assigned to fragments of the polymer that include the chemically bound substituents. This is the first time that the formation and breaking of bonds have been directly observed on the polymeric support. Furthermore, the relative intensities of the signals in the mass spectra provide a measure of the completeness of the reaction. Because these measurements are rapidly performed without further chemical transformations or cleavage procedures, and because only minimal amounts of material are needed, this technique could become the solid-phase equivalent of thin-layer chromatography used in classical liquid-phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heinze
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Salvino JM, Kumar NV, Orton E, Airey J, Kiesow T, Crawford K, Mathew R, Krolikowski P, Drew M, Engers D, Krolikowski D, Herpin T, Gardyan M, McGeehan G, Labaudiniere R. Polymer-supported tetrafluorophenol: a new activated resin for chemical library synthesis. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:691-7. [PMID: 11126297 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new tetrafluorophenol activated resin that facilitates the use of 19F NMR to quantitate loading is presented. This new resin provides a useful tool for acylation, and a novel activated polymeric sulfonate ester to generate sulfonamides. This activated resin reacts with a wide scope of N-nucleophiles including primary and secondary amines, and anilines. This new activated resin methodology provides a powerful tool for pure single-compound library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Salvino
- Lead Discovery Department, Rhone Poulen Rorer, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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17
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Svensson A, Fex T, Kihlberg J. Preparation of fluorinated linkers: use of 19F NMR spectroscopy to establish conditions for solid-phase synthesis of pilicide libraries. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:736-48. [PMID: 11126302 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three fluorinated linkers which are analogues of linkers commonly used in solid-phase peptide synthesis have been prepared. One of the linkers was used in combination with gel-phase 19F NMR spectroscopy to develop conditions for solid-phase synthesis of two libraries of pilicides, i.e. compounds designed to inhibit assembly of adhesive pili in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Attachment to and cleavage from the linker could be monitored based on the chemical shift of the fluorine atom of the linker. In addition, use of the linker as internal standard allowed quantification and optimization of reactions occurring further away from the linker when fluorinated building blocks were employed. Importantly, high-quality 19F NMR spectra were obtained for compounds linked to a TentaGel resin in a standard NMR tube using an ordinary NMR instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Svensson
- Organic Chemistry 2, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden
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18
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Combined application of analytical techniques for the characterization of polymer supported species. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:491-5. [PMID: 11029174 DOI: 10.1021/cc000021p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combined application of a diverse range of analytical techniques is described for the complete analysis of polymer supported molecules. These techniques permit complete description of the FTIR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectra. The comparison of supported bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives with analogous species prepared using polymer supported reagents is made.
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19
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Yeh CM, Tung CL, Sun CM. Combinatorial liquid-phase synthesis of structurally diverse benzimidazole libraries. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:341-8. [PMID: 10891101 DOI: 10.1021/cc0000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An expedient liquid-phase synthesis for construction of the diverse benzimidazole libraries is described. Nucleophilic aryl substitution of poly(ethylene glycol)-supported 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid 3 with several primary amines under basic conditions, followed by Zn/NH(4)Cl mediated nitro group reduction, gave the PEG bound diamines 5. Subsequent cyclization of immobilized o-phenylenediamine 5 using thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCD) or thiophosgene in dichloromethane furnished benzimidazole-2-thiones 6. Treatment of 6 with alkyl halides and benzylic halides in the presence of triethylamine provided 1-substituted-2-alkylthio-5-carbamoylbenzimidazoles on the support. The desired products 8 were severed from the PEG under mild conditions in high yield and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shou-Feng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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20
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Floyd CD, Leblanc C, Whittaker M. Combinatorial chemistry as a tool for drug discovery. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 36:91-168. [PMID: 10818672 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The question 'will combinatorial chemistry deliver real medicines' has been posed [96]. First it is important to realise that the chemical part of the drug discovery process cannot stand alone; the integration of synthesis and biological assays is fundamental to the combinatorial approach. The results presented in Tables 3.1 to 3.8 suggest that so far smaller directed combinatorial libraries have obtained equivalent results to those obtained previously from traditional medicinal chemistry analogue programs. Unfortunately, because of the long time it takes to develop pharmaceutical drugs there are no examples yet of marketed drugs discovered by combinatorial methods. There are interesting examples where active leads have been discovered from the screening of the same library against multiple targets (e.g. libraries 13, 39, 43, 66, 71 and 76). It is now possible to handle much larger libraries of non-oligomeric structures and the chemistry required for such applications is becoming available. Whether combinatorial approaches can also be adapted to deal with all the other requirements of a successful pharmaceutical (lack of toxicity, bioavailability etc.) is open to question but there are already examples such as cassette dosing [235-237]. However we can still be optimistic about the possibility of larger libraries producing avenues of investigation for the medicinal chemist to develop into real drugs. Combinatorial chemistry is an important tool for the medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Floyd
- British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Limited, Oxford, U.K
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21
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A Method for Quantitation of Solid-Phase Synthesis Using (19)F NMR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:8-9. [PMID: 10813879 DOI: 10.1021/cc990057l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Fotsch C, Kumaravel G, Sharma SK, Wu AD, Gounarides JS, Nirmala NR, Petter RC. On-resin macrocyclization of peptides via intramolecular SnAr reactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2125-30. [PMID: 10465530 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
On-resin macrocyclization via an SNAr reaction is employed in the synthesis of tocinoic acid analogs. Specifically, an N-terminal nitrofluorobenzene is attacked by a nucleophilic C-terminal sidechain. The remaining nitro group can be reduced and acylated. NMR is used to compare the conformation of the new macrocyclic peptides to tocinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fotsch
- Department of Transplantation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
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23
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Shapiro MJ, Chin J, Chen A, Wareing JR, Tang Q, Tommasi RA, Marepalli HR. Covalent or trapped? PFG diffusion MAS NMR for combinatorial chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Hochlowski JE, Whittern DN, Sowin TJ. Encoding of Combinatorial Chemistry Libraries by Fluorine-19 NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/cc9900145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Hochlowski
- Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500
| | - David N. Whittern
- Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500
| | - Thomas J. Sowin
- Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500
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25
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Hu Y, Porco JA. Ester enolate Claisen rearrangement using a polymer-supported silyl triflate. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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27
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Molecular recognition and solid phase organic synthesis: Synthesis of unnatural oligomers, techniques for monitoring reactions, and the analysis of combinatorial libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-7459(99)80013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Gooding OW, Baudart S, Deegan TL, Heisler K, Labadie JW, Newcomb WS, Porco JA, van Eikeren P. On the Development of New Poly(styrene−oxyethylene) Graft Copolymer Resin Supports for Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/cc980016+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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30
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A method for the quantification of resin loading using 19F gel phase NMR spectroscopy and a new method for benzyl ether linker cleavage in solid phase chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Hamper BC, Kolodziej SA, Scates AM. Knoevenagel condensation of unsymmetrical malonamic esters and malonates on a solid support. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Chin J, Fell B, Pochapsky S, Shapiro MJ, Wareing JR. 2D SECSY NMR for Combinatorial Chemistry. High-Resolution MAS Spectra for Resin-Bound Molecules. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970659w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Chin
- Department of Central Technologies Preclinical Research and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901, and Bruker Instruments, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Brad Fell
- Department of Central Technologies Preclinical Research and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901, and Bruker Instruments, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Sue Pochapsky
- Department of Central Technologies Preclinical Research and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901, and Bruker Instruments, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J. Shapiro
- Department of Central Technologies Preclinical Research and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901, and Bruker Instruments, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - James R. Wareing
- Department of Central Technologies Preclinical Research and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901, and Bruker Instruments, Billerica, Massachusetts
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Crosslinked Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-6881(98)80023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Keifer PA. High-resolution NMR techniques for solid-phase synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Drug Discov Today 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(97)01104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marti RE, Yan B, Jarosinski MA. Solid-Phase Synthesis via 5-Oxazolidinones. Ring-Opening Reactions with Amines and Reaction Monitoring by Single-Bead FT-IR Microspectroscopy. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9623503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E. Marti
- Departments of Oncology and Central Technologies, Preclinical Research, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
| | - Bing Yan
- Departments of Oncology and Central Technologies, Preclinical Research, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
| | - Mark A. Jarosinski
- Departments of Oncology and Central Technologies, Preclinical Research, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
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Rapid and efficient solid phase syntheses of cyclic peptides with endocyclic biaryl ether bonds. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chan TY, Chen R, Sofia MJ, Smith BC, Glennon D. High throughput on-bead monitoring of solid phase reactions by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lam KS, Lebl M, Krchnák V. The "One-Bead-One-Compound" Combinatorial Library Method. Chem Rev 1997; 97:411-448. [PMID: 11848877 DOI: 10.1021/cr9600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit S. Lam
- Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, and Houghten Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121
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Nefzi A, Ostresh JM, Houghten RA. The Current Status of Heterocyclic Combinatorial Libraries. Chem Rev 1997; 97:449-472. [PMID: 11848878 DOI: 10.1021/cr960010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121
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Egner BJ, Bradley M. Analytical techniques for solid-phase organic and combinatorial synthesis. Drug Discov Today 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(97)01003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chin J, Fell B, Shapiro MJ, Tomesch J, Wareing JR, Bray AM. Magic Angle Spinning NMR for Reaction Monitoring and Structure Determination of Molecules Attached to Multipin Crowns. J Org Chem 1997; 62:538-539. [PMID: 11671446 DOI: 10.1021/jo961590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first example of magic angle spinning NMR on crowns has been demonstrated. The ability to monitor a reaction on a crown and to confirm the structure of the reaction product directly on the crown without resorting to chemical cleavage should greatly enhance the utility of this convenient format for combinatorial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Chin
- Preclinical Research, Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation Departments of Central Technologies and Combinatorial Chemistry, 59 Route 10, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 and Chiron Mimotopes Pty Ltd, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Balkenhohl F, von dem Bussche-Hünnefeld C, Lansky A, Zechel C. Kombinatorische Synthese niedermolekularer organischer Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961082004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Svensson A, Fex T, Kihlberg J. Use of 19F NMR spectroscopy to evaluate reactions in solid phase organic synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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